Journal articles: 'ELECTRICITY DENSITY'

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Buceti, Giuliano. "Sustainable power density in electricity generation." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2013-0047.

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Purpose – When comparing renewables with fossil fuels, emotional approaches are fuelled by the difficulties in defining a proper metric able to make consistent comparisons among energy sources. In literature several approaches have been proposed, all effective in some way but ineffective in others. Variables like energy density, prices, estimated resources, life time emissions, water use and waste, all come at the same time to form an unmanageable mix. This paper discuss the adoption of a shared metric to clarify the boundary conditions that limit the solutions can be operated and to define which scenarios are sustainable and which are not. Design/methodology/approach – Energy density and power density are the cornerstones of the physical limitations in the exploitation of the energy sources. On this basis, a novel classification of energy sources, volumetric and flowing, has been proposed and discussed in light of three parameters: abundance, power density and sustainability. Eventually, an extended definition of power density based on life-cycle assessment is adopted. Findings – Sustainable power density makes possible compare the different energy options and shows how limitation in land comes to be the root of all resources limitations. Originality/value – A definition of a unique parameter is proposed and pros and cons of all energy options are calculated and put in a single graphic providing new insights into the energy policy.

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Zheng, Hua, Li Xie, and Jun Xiong. "Application of Intelligent Algorithm for Probability Density Estimation." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.388.

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There is no doubt that probability distribution is primary and important for the risk analyses on financial time series. And various non-Gaussian distributions have become one of focused and unsolved problems, especially for those studies on the real continuous variables. So this paper concentrates on the intelligent algorithm for probability density estimation by Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM), and its application on the electricity price. Moreover a practical probability density modeling of electricity price is implemented by LS-SVM. Finally, case studies on the electricity price of New England electricity market have proved the validity of the proposed model.

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Saunders, C. P. R., and C. C. Zhang. "Rime density, radial forces and atmospheric electricity." Atmospheric Research 21, no. 2 (October 1987): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-8095(87)90001-9.

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Hyndman, Rob J., and Shu Fan. "Density Forecasting for Long-Term Peak Electricity Demand." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 25, no. 2 (May 2010): 1142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2036017.

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Boukarta, Soufiane, and Ewa Berezowska. "Exploring the Energy Implication of Urban Density in Residential Buildings." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2017-0001.

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AbstractIn the context of the Algerian energy policy, and through the review of the Algiers’ residential building stock, this paper explores the correlation between the energy consumption of gas and electricity with urban density. Based on a holistic approach of the 57 Algiers’ municipalities, the analysis is organized in two ways. Firstly, the spatial approach is conducted within a GIS implementation, carried out based on the 2013 aggregated annual energy consumption data. The cross analysis of Electricity and Gas consumption and density of population within a GIS spatial distribution approach shows effectively a strong correlation between urban density and energy consumption with a Pearson correlation of −56% and −65% of the Electricity and Gas consumption in the urban municipalities, respectively. Also, the household located in the suburban municipalities consume clearly more energy than the urban centered ones. Based on the electricity and gas consumption, density and carbon footprint we have clustered, within a PCA, the Algiers’ municipalities into three profiles: the “thrifty”, the “intermediate” and the “wasteful” profile.

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Munkhammar, Joakim, Jesper Rydén, and Joakim Widén. "Characterizing probability density distributions for household electricity load profiles from high-resolution electricity use data." Applied Energy 135 (December 2014): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.093.

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Amara, Fatima, Kodjo Agbossou, Yves Dubé, Sousso Kelouwani, Alben Cardenas, and Jonathan Bouchard. "Household electricity demand forecasting using adaptive conditional density estimation." Energy and Buildings 156 (December 2017): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.09.082.

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Gao, Chong Yang, Ai Jie Wang, and Yang Guo Zhao. "Contribution of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria to the Electricity Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.285.

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Double-chambered microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were used to investigate the effect of sulfate and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on electricity generation by molybdate inhibition coupled with PCR-DGGE technique. Results showed that low influent sulfate (< 1470 mg/L) improved power density and voltage, while higher sulfate blocked the MFC efficiency. Molybdate inhibited the activity of SRB and consequently decreased MFC voltage and power density which confirmed some SRB were involved in the electricity generation. Microbial community analysis indicated thatDesulfovibrio desulfuricanscontributed to the electricity production and stability of MFC.

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Liu, Huixin, Xiaodong Shen, Xisheng Tang, and Junyong Liu. "Day-Ahead Electricity Price Probabilistic Forecasting Based on SHAP Feature Selection and LSTNet Quantile Regression." Energies 16, no. 13 (July 4, 2023): 5152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16135152.

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Electricity prices are a central element of the electricity market, and accurate electricity price forecasting is critical for market participants. However, in the context of increasingly integrated economic markets, the complexity of the electricity system has increased. As a result, the number of factors required to consider in electricity price forecasting is growing. In addition, the high percentage of renewable energy penetration has increased the volatility of electricity generation, making it more challenging to predict prices accurately. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic forecasting method based on SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation) feature selection and LSTNet (long- and short-term time-series network) quantile regression. First, to reduce feature redundancy and overfitting, we use the SHAP method to perform feature selection in a high-dimensional input feature set, and specifically analyze the magnitude and manner in which features affect electricity prices. Second, we apply the LSTNet quantile regression model to predict the electricity value under different quantiles. Finally, the probability density function and the prediction interval of the predicted electricity prices are obtained by kernel density estimation. The case of the Danish electricity market validates the effectiveness and accuracy of our proposed method. The accuracy of the proposed method is better than that of other methods, and we assess the importance and direction of the impact of features on electricity prices.

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Cheng, Chiu Yu, Cheng Che Li, and Ying Chien Chung. "Continuous Electricity Generation and Pollutant Removal from Swine Wastewater Using a Single-Chambered Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.158.

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Microbial fuel cell (MFC) represents a new method for simultaneously swine wastewater treatment and electricity generation. However, few studies revealed the high electricity generation and pollutant removal using a large-scale single-chambered MFC in treating swine wastewater. Results indicated optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of swine wastewater was 8 d considering the removal efficiency and the power density. Under this condition, this MFC system removed 85.62% TCOD and 73.6% NH3 as well as achieved power density of 368 mW/m2. Results also showed the maximum power density of the MFC was 382.5±10.6 mW/m2 MFC at 350 Ω. TCOD concentration in the swine wastewater was limiting factor for power output. The maximum power density was Pmax= 385 mW/m2, with a half-saturation concentration of Ks=2,050 mg/l. To our knowledge, this is the first time to demonstrate the electricity characteristics of a large-scale single-chambered MFC in treating swine wastewater.

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Zhang, Yong Juan, Zhang Min, Zheng Yang, Jing Yi Xie, and Yong Feng Li. "Effects of Electrode Materials on Electricity of Microbial Fuel Cell." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1549.

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The electrode material has the very important influence to the microbial fuel cell. The different electrode materials were studied for producing the electricity performance to MFC by the activated sludge as the substrate. The results indicated that the anode of graphite pole was 0.63 mW/cm2 of the area power density. The carbon paper was 60 (0.50mW/cm2). Carbon paper 90 was 0.23mW/cm2. Although having the biggest area power density, the general trend of the graphite pole is much lower than others and production of the electricity was not good. Even though the maximum of area power density of graphite pole, it might be the reason for increasing nutritive compound and elevation of temperature. The carbon paper 90 produce the area power density is the steadiest among three poles and its output voltage is a quite stable and low. MFC is excellent under carbon paper 90. The area power density had strong fluctuating scope, the power density is big and the overall value is high under carbon paper 60.

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Dudic, Duško. "Perspectives of Electricity Storage in Polymer Capacitors." Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science 10 (December 30, 2021): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2021.10.12.

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The price and environmental aspects of electricity storage significantly affect the application of green technologies. The electrochemical batteries are currently the best choice for storing electricity for most industrial needs and products. Polymer capacitors show very low energy density compared to conventional batteries and therefore cannot be widely used for electricity disposal. At the same time, all other features of polymer capacitors that characterize battery systems are ideal. After a brief comparison of the basic properties of electrochemical and physical batteries, this paper presents the influence of electron trapping on the energy density of a polyethylene capacitor. The presented results indicate that the phenomenon of electron trapping in polymers can increase the energy deposit of polymer capacitors.

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Deng, Xingye, Canwei Liu, Hualiang Liu, Lei Chen, Yuyan Guo, and Heding Zhen. "Enhanced Density Peak-Based Power Grid Reactive Voltage Partitioning." Energies 16, no. 17 (August 22, 2023): 6125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16176125.

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Clustering-based reactive voltage partitioning is successful in reducing grid cascading faults, by using clustering methods to categorize different power-consuming entities in the power grid into distinct regions. In reality, each power-consuming entity has different electrical characteristics. Additionally, due to the irregular and uneven distribution of the population, the distribution of electricity consumption is also irregular and uneven. However, the existing method neglects the electrical difference among each entity and the irregular and uneven density distribution of electricity consumption, resulting in poor accuracy and adaptability of these methods. To address these problems, an enhanced density peak model-based power grid reactive voltage partitioning method is proposed in this paper, called EDPVP. First, the power grid is modeled as a weighted reactive network to consider entity electrical differences. Second, the novel local density and density following distance are designed to enhance the density peak model to address the problem that the traditional density peak model cannot adapt to weighted networks. Finally, the enhanced density peak model is further equipped with an optimized cluster centers selection strategy and an updated remaining node assignment strategy, to better identify irregular and uneven density distribution of electricity consumption, and to achieve fast and accurate reactive voltage partition. Experiments on two real power grids demonstrate the effectiveness of the EDPVP.

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Zubtsov, V. I. "Technology to Increase Energy Density of Electric Car Batteries." International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 4 (September 2, 2022): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232027.2022.4.6.

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The article deals with a small-sized unit developed using ferro-piezoelectric ceramics for electric power generation. The use of an electrochemical generator in the unit makes it possible to increase the efficiency of electricity generation by controlling the polarization of ferro-piezoelectric ceramics. At the consumption of 1 joule of electricity, using mechanical energy, 3, 5...5 joules of output electrical energy are generated. The increase in the energy density of the batteries occurs in two stages: the first stage is to increase the degree of polarization of the segmentelectric, the second stage is to increase the electrical power to the load. The power plant efficiency is about 55...60 percent and depends on the ceramic modification and the electric circuit.

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Xu, Wanghuai, Huanxi Zheng, Yuan Liu, Xiaofeng Zhou, Chao Zhang, Yuxin Song, Xu Deng, et al. "A droplet-based electricity generator with high instantaneous power density." Nature 578, no. 7795 (February 2020): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1985-6.

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Arora, Siddharth, and James W. Taylor. "Forecasting electricity smart meter data using conditional kernel density estimation." Omega 59 (March 2016): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2014.08.008.

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Larivière, Isabelle, and Gaëtan Lafrance. "Modelling the electricity consumption of cities: effect of urban density." Energy Economics 21, no. 1 (February 1999): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-9883(98)00007-3.

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TÜRKER, Onur Can. "SOLAR ENERGY ASSISTS SEDIMENT MICROBIAL FUEL CELL TO GENERATE GREEN ENERGY FROM LIQUID ORGANIC WASTE." Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering 23, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.1031449.

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Simultaneous liquid organic waste disposal and electricity generation were achieved by a solar-assist sediment microbial fuel cell (S-SMFC) in terms of an ecological and economical perspective. In this respect, 840 mL house environment liquid organic waste which contains 10% juice and 10% sugary tea were disposed by electrogenic bacteria and converted electricity with solar energy. A 100 F capacitor was easily charged 29 times with generated electricity. S-SMFC was disposed 10 mL more waste than control due to more electrical bacteria density on the graphite electrode. In this case, Proteobacteria and Firmucutes were categorized dominate bacteria groups, and they were found in the S-SMFC as 54% and 28%, respectively. Importantly, solar energy increased population density of these groups in the S-SMFC and the density on the graphite electrode increased more than 19% according to control. Some bacteria which were associated with electricity production in the S-SMFC were to Azospirillum fermentarium, Clostridium sp., Pseudomonas guangdongensis, Bacteroides sp., Azovibrio restrictus, Clostridium pascui, Levilinea saccharolytica, Seleniivibrio woodruffii, Geovibrio ferrireducens. Consequently, S-SMFC presents innovative, crucial and simple methodology in order to convert liquid organic waste into the green energy.

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Ramirez-Tovar, A. M., Ricardo Moreno-Chuquen, and Renata Moreno-Quintero. "Land-use in the Electric Colombian System: Hidden Impacts and Risks of Large-scale Renewable Projects." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 2 (March 20, 2022): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11631.

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In the sustainable development era, massive land-use for electricity production represents a crucial challenge for environmental and social systems. Available information about the use of land in this sector is limited, for that reason in this paper we include the power density methodology to evaluate land-use in Colombia to produce electricity. The power density metric depicts the relation between energy produced and area used in this process, considering extraction-conversion-storage. The analysis between power electricity generation and land-use is made for the Colombian electric system, finding that there is no direct relationship between the area occupied by a generation plant and the electricity produced, since the evidence does not show that at larger areas greater power is obtained. Hydropower plants have large spectrum values of power densities, depending on the dam construction purpose (river-flow control). Fossil-fired power plants require less land for its production even including the fuel extraction area. Photovoltaic and wind-power plants in this comparison have the lowest power density values, accordingly, they require far larger areas and represent a risk for sustainability in this perspective.

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Laily, F. N., and S. R. Juliastuti. "Effect of micronutrient addition and development on microbial fuel cells (MFC) from food waste with the help of hydrolytic fungi." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1108, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1108/1/012005.

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Abstract Based on data from the Indonesia State Electricity Company (PLN) in 2021, the electricity capacity distributed throughout Indonesia is still not fulfilled and going to be overcome with renewable energy This research aimed to know the effect of micronutrient addition on the management of a food waste on microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity production. Positive effects of addition of micronutrients on various substrates have been reported, such as addition of Mg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Cr2+, and Zn2+. First, food waste will be hydrolysed by hydrolityc fungi, then mixed with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 bacteria, Sidoarjo mud, and 1 µg/L micronutrient. After micronutrient added, observations were made on the power density in 20 days. The best power density production was 6,175,438.596 mW/m2 which achieved by Cobalt addition. The total power density generated with the addition of Cobalt metal ions as a micronutrient was able to reach 29,099,689 mW/m2 or 29,099.69 kW/m2, which could achieve the target electricity power 2,949.58 MW by using a substrate of about 51 tons of food waste with the addition of micronutrient cobalt of about 0.05 gram/L. Thus, MFC can solve electricity problems in Indonesia.

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Huang, Jiale, Rui Yang, Junxiang Wang, Yupeng Yang, Jingyuan Xu, and Ercang Luo. "Performance evaluation of a liquid-sodium thermoacoustic engine with magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation based upon the Swift model." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 2 (August 1, 2023): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0020537.

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Liquid sodium is an attractive working fluid for thermoacoustic conversion. Herein, a numerical study on a standing-wave thermoacoustic electricity generation system with liquid sodium as the working fluid is presented, based upon the Swift model. The characteristics of the thermoacoustic conversion and the output performance of the system have been investigated. The results show that the sodium engine can reach a power density much higher than the classical gas engine. Due to the strong acoustic coupling between components, the electricity output is significantly affected by the input heating power, the magnetic flux density, and the load ratio. In a typical case, the thermal-to-electric efficiency and the relative Carnot efficiency can reach 4.6% and 7.8%, respectively, with a temperature difference of 563 K and an input heat of 5 kW. More importantly, the output electricity density reaches 150 kW/m3, higher than some commercially available technologies. These results demonstrate the potential of such technology for small-scale electricity generation. Its extremely simple structure without any mechanical moving part endows the system with high reliability and long lifetime, if risks of corrosion and exposure to air and water can be avoided.

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Moonsri, Piyarut, Wilaiporn Pongpian, and Prayak Juantrong. "Electricity Production from Organic Wastes Fermentation by Microbial Fuel Cell Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 855 (October 2016): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.855.91.

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This research studied the electricity production from organic wastes fermentation by microbial fuel cell by using a single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC). Two sizes (1 L and 10 L) of simple SCMFC were fabricated by using a cylindrical plastic tank which anode compartment and cathode compartment separated by plastic plate with hole and covered with cotton fabric. The anode electrode contacted with organic matter and microorganisms where anaerobic reaction occurred to generate electron and proton. The electrons transferred through an external circuit while the protons diffused through the solution to the cathode electrode for reducing oxygen to water. From the study of the effect of different electrode types (carbon graphite rod, zinc metal, and copper metal) to the electricity generation using the SCMFC size 1 L in fermentation with synthetic sweetness solution (22%Brix) and the effective microorganism (EM) for 36 hrs, it found that the fuel cell which used copper metal as electrode produced electricity increasing over the times and has more efficient than the other electrode types. The study of electricity generation from organic waste fermentation by using the SCMFC size 10 L and using copper metal as electrode, the results showed that the fermentation of pineapple waste produced the current density, potential density, and power density higher than the fermentation of bananas and the fermentation of food garbage with EM. An optimal period of time for the production of electricity from this microbial fuel cell is the first five days of fermentation that the cells has voltage »500 mV, the current density 25.52 mA m-2, potential density 104.69 V m-2 and power density 12.59 mW m-2, and then decline over time five days (120 hrs). Moreover the bio-liquid fertilizer and the residues from the fermentation can be further used in agricultural because of the nutrient content (N, P, K), organic carbon and organic material contents available.

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Segundo, Rojas-Flores, Magaly De La Cruz-Noriega, Renny Nazario-Naveda, Santiago M. Benites, Daniel Delfín-Narciso, Luis Angelats-Silva, and Felix Díaz. "Golden Berry Waste for Electricity Generation." Fermentation 8, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8060256.

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The environmental problems caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels for electricity generation have led to the development of new technologies. Microbial fuel cells constitute a technology that uses organic sources for electricity generation. This research gives a novel means of using Golden Berry waste as fuel for electricity generation through microbial fuel cells made at low cost, achieving current and voltage peaks of 4.945 ± 0.150 mA and 1.03 ± 0.02 V, respectively. Conductivity values increased up to 148 ± 1 mS/cm and pH increased up to 8.04 ± 0.12 on the last day. The internal resistance of cells was 194.04 ± 0.0471 Ω, while power density was 62.5 ± 2 mW/cm2 at a current density of 0.049 A/cm2. Transmittance peaks of the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum showed a decrease when comparing the initial and final spectra, while the bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was molecularly identified with an identity percentage of 99.93%. The three cells connected in series managed to generate 2.90 V, enough to turn on a TV remote control. This research has great potential to be scalable if it is possible to increase the electrical parameters, generating great benefits for companies, farmers, and the population involved in the production and marketing of this fruit.

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Prasidha, Willie, and Akmal Irfan Majid. "ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM FOOD WASTE LEACHATE USING DOUBLE CHAMBER MICROBIAL FUEL CELL." Jurnal Penelitian Saintek 25, no. 1 (May 8, 2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jps.v25i1.30210.

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This study was aimed at evaluating the performance of non-aerated and aerated double chamber microbial fuel cells from food waste leachate. The value of open circuit voltage (OCV) and close circuit voltage (CCV) were taken to analyze power density and current density of both configurations. Two double chamber microbial fuel cells (MFC) with different configurations were developed to produce electricity from food waste leachate and studied for 30 days. Anode and catode were made by uncoated carbon felt and graphite rod. Food waste and water were incubated inside a reactor. After 30 days, the electricity production characteristics between the two configurations were obtained. Both configurations reached the same maximum power density and maximum current density but the aerated MFC showed higher performance of maximum open-circuit voltage (OCV), average power density, and current density than non-aerated MFC. The results show that the supplying continuous dissolved air in the cathode chamber resulted in higher voltage, higher average power density, and higher average current density in double chamber microbial fuel cell.

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Xiao, Hong, Hai-Jun Huang, and Tie-Qiao Tang. "An electricity consumption model for electric vehicular flow." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 26 (September 30, 2016): 1650325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503255.

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In this paper, we apply the relationships between the macro and micro variables of traffic flow to develop an electricity consumption model for electric vehicular flow. We use the proposed model to study the quantitative relationships between the electricity consumption/total power and speed/density under uniform flow, and the electricity consumptions during the evolution processes of shock, rarefaction wave and small perturbation. The numerical results indicate that the proposed model can perfectly describe the electricity consumption for electric vehicular flow, which shows that the proposed model is reasonable.

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Zhang, Yifeng, Lola Gonzalez Olias, Prawit Kongjan, and Irini Angelidaki. "Submersible microbial fuel cell for electricity production from sewage sludge." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 1 (July 1, 2011): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.678.

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A submersible microbial fuel cell (SMFC) was utilized to treat sewage sludge and simultaneously generate electricity. Stable power generation (145 ± 5 mW/m2, 470 Ω) was produced continuously from raw sewage sludge for 5.5 days. The maximum power density reached 190 ± 5 mW/m2. The corresponding total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency was 78.1 ± 0.2% with initial TCOD of 49.7 g/L. The power generation of SMFC was depended on the sludge concentration, while dilution of the raw sludge resulted in higher power density. The maximum power density was saturated at sludge concentration of 17 g-TCOD/L, where 290 mW/m2 was achieved. When effluents from an anaerobic digester that was fed with raw sludge were used as substrate in the SMFC, a maximum power density of 318 mW/m2, and a final TCOD removal of 71.9 ± 0.2% were achieved. These results have practical implications for development of an effective system to treat sewage sludge and simultaneously recover energy.

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Philip Obande, Ogaba. "Classical Definitions of Gravitation, Electricity and Magnetism." Applied Physics Research 7, no. 6 (November 19, 2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v7n6p85.

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In further demonstration of simultaneous existence of the atom as wave and particle, we reproduce values of a number of physical constants using the classical mass equation hϑ = mc2. Most, possibly all, physical constants are coefficients of linear correlations of parameters of the intrinsic electromagnetic (e-m) oscillation that defines the atom; for example: (i) angular frequency per unit radius ω/r correlates with rotational strain τ to produce the effect identified with atomic mass; (ii) the atomic waveform’s e-m flux density ρw correlates with its radius rw and with the field modulus ϵw to produce the effect associated with Newtonian Gravitation G; (iii) universal (Galilean) gravitational acceleration g arises from correlations of (a) the particulate atom’s centripetal force Fp with its mass mp, (b) the material density ρp with radius rp and (c) the field (i.e., waveform) modulus ϵw with stress σw; (iv) the particulate atom’s modulus correlates with its stress field to define the electric constant or permittivity; (v) the waveform (i.e., field) centripetal force Fw correlates with strain τw to give electron magnetic moment μe and τw correlates with ω/r to define electrostatic atomic mass unit amu/eV; (vi) the particulate atom’s mass mp correlates with density ρp to produce the effect associated with magnetic flux density B and (vii) a universal invariant waveform gravitational (centripetal) acceleration g = 7.9433 x 1059 m s-2 kg-1 binds matter together on atomic, stellar, galactic and cosmic scales, it is identifiable with the strong nuclear force (SNF) suggesting that the SNF is not electromagnetic but mechanical. The investigation identifies centripetal force as the only causality of gravitation raising valid questions regarding possibility for quantum gravitation.

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Jin, Ning, Linlin Song, Gabriel Jing Huang, and Ke Yan. "Probabilistic Forecasting of Residential Energy Consumption Based on SWT-QRTCN-ADSC-NLSTM Model." Information 14, no. 4 (April 8, 2023): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14040231.

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Residential electricity consumption forecasting plays a crucial role in the rational allocation of resources reducing energy waste and enhancing the grid-connected operation of power systems. Probabilistic forecasting can provide more comprehensive information for the decision-making and dispatching process by quantifying the uncertainty of electricity load. In this study, we propose a method based on stationary wavelet transform (SWT), quantile regression (QR), Bidirectional nested long short-term memory (BiNLSTM), and Depthwise separable convolution (DSC) combined with attention mechanism for electricity consumption probability prediction methods. First, the data sequence is decomposed using SWT to reduce the complexity of the sequence; then, the combined neural network model with attention is used to obtain the prediction values under different quantile conditions. Finally, the probability density curve of electricity consumption is obtained by combining kernel density estimation (KDE). The model was tested using historical demand-side data from five UK households to achieve energy consumption predictions 5 min in advance. It is demonstrated that the model can achieve both reliable probabilistic prediction and accurate deterministic prediction.

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Tkach, Olga, Li Hong Liu, Ai Jie Wang, Xu Zhou, and Duu Jong Lee. "Performance Analysis of Microbial Fuel Cells with Different Exoelectrogens at Low Temperature." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.189.

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The aim of the study is to compare different kinds of microbial species for electricity production in the microbial fuel cells (MFCs) at low temperature. Experiments were conducted with single-chambered MFCs and medium anode inoculated with pure culture from activated sludge. Three kinds of exoelectrogens includingKlebsiella sp.ALL-1,Shewanella sp.ALL-2 andEnterobacter sp.ALL-3 were used for evaluating their electricity activity. After adding solution into MFCs, the power of density grew from 50 mV to over 530 mV, and finally maintained at about 520+10 mV during the complete cycles. The results showed that MFCs withEnterobacter sp.ALL-3 had higher power and current density, shorter and more stable working circle at same level of voltage producing than other kinds of exoelectrogens. These characteristics madeEnterobacter sp.ALL-3 as optimum exoelectrogen for electricity production at low temperature.

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Chen, Yen-Jong, Rodney H. Matsuoka, and Tzu-Min Liang. "Urban form, building characteristics, and residential electricity consumption: A case study in Tainan City." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45, no. 5 (January 27, 2017): 933–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317690150.

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Which urban form factor most affects household electricity consumption? This study investigated the relationships between urban density, community layout, and land use factors and household electricity consumption simultaneously, along with building characteristics and demographic indicators. The study site involved 231 communities located in the former provincial area of Tainan City, Taiwan. Due to the area’s subtropical climate, air conditioning accounts for approximately 40% of the total yearly household electricity consumption. Of the urban form factors examined, greater population density was most strongly associated with lower household electricity consumption, followed respectively by greater urban canyon narrowness, or higher height to width ratios, and greater percentages of vacant space and building land use. Notably, both urban canyons and building land use percentages were associated with decreased consumption only after increasing past threshold levels, specifically a 1.5 height to width ratio and 40.7%, respectively. In addition, building characteristics, namely smaller household living areas and greater building age, were most strongly connected with lower household electricity consumption. In contrast, larger household living areas were linked with decreased household electricity consumption/floor area, revealing the importance of lower energy intensities of sizable scales. Of the demographic indicators studied, higher percentages of older adults were associated with lower household electricity consumption. Concerning urban form, the findings suggest that to reduce residential energy usage in a subtropical climate, buildings should be clustered to maximize the inter-building shadows resulting from narrower urban canyons, while simultaneously increasing non-built land use percentages in the adjacent areas.

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Lee, Kum-Jung, Seok-Ho Seo, Junhyun Cho, Si-Doek Oh, Sang-Ok Choi, and Ho-Young Kwak. "Exergy and Thermoeconomic Analyses of a Carnot Battery System Comprising an Air Heat Pump and Steam Turbine." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 8672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228672.

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In this study, exergy and thermoeconomic analyses were performed on a Carnot battery system (CBS) comprising an air heat pump and steam turbine. The Carnot battery technology employed in this study stored electricity as heat for 10 h during night-time, when electricity prices were low, and generated electricity for 10 h with power output of 500 MW during the day, when electricity prices were relatively high. The roundtrip efficiency and the energy density of the CBS were approximately 0.37, and 150.0 MJ/m3, respectively. When the unit cost of electricity supplied to the heat pump system was approximately 23.0 USD/GJ, that of electricity produced by the steam turbine was approximately 70.8 USD/GJ. The thermoeconomic results indicate that the changes in electricity cost flow rate relative to the reference value can be used as an indicator to make purchasing, replacement, and research and development decisions for specific components of the CBS.

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Chesser, Michael, Pádraig Lyons, Padraic O’Reilly, and Paula Carroll. "Probability density distributions for household air source heat pump electricity demand." Procedia Computer Science 175 (2020): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.07.067.

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Xiang, Min, Huayang Rao, Tong Tan, Zaiqian Wang, and Yue Ma. "Abnormal behaviour analysis algorithm for electricity consumption based on density clustering." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 7250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.5123.

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Abramova, Ekaterina, and Derek Bunn. "Forecasting the Intra-Day Spread Densities of Electricity Prices." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030687.

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Intra-day price spreads are of interest to electricity traders, storage and electric vehicle operators. This paper formulates dynamic density functions, based upon skewed-t and similar representations, to model and forecast the German electricity price spreads between different hours of the day, as revealed in the day-ahead auctions. The four specifications of the density functions are dynamic and conditional upon exogenous drivers, thereby permitting the location, scale and shape parameters of the densities to respond hourly to such factors as weather and demand forecasts. The best fitting and forecasting specifications for each spread are selected based on the Pinball Loss function, following the closed-form analytical solutions of the cumulative distribution functions.

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Sun, Hong Liang, Hong Bin Lv, and Wen Jing Nie. "Microbial Fuel Cell for Sustainable Electricity Production from Seafood Wastewater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 812–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.812.

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To make the treatment of seafood wastewater more economical and sustainable, this study aims to examine electricity generation from seafood wastewater in MFC reactor. By supplying the MFCs with seafood wastewater, the maximum power density of 291.6 mW/m2 and CE of 20.3 % could be obtained. The substrate loss was attributed to diffusion of molecular oxygen from the cathode to the anode, which led to substrate conversion through aerobic respiration rather than electricity-producing pathway. This study provides a conceptual demonstration of seafood wastewater for electricity production using MFC technology.

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Ansu-Mensah, Peter, and Paul Adjei Kwakwa. "Modelling electricity consumption in Ghana: the role of financial development indicators." Green Finance 4, no. 1 (2021): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/gf.2022003.

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<abstract> Access to electricity is touted as one of the ways of reducing poverty and improving the livelihoods of people. However, an increased consumption may also contribute to higher carbon dioxide emissions. While many studies have therefore assessed the determinants of electricity consumption for developing countries that have a lower electricity consumption and inadequate supply to meet demand, the effect of financial development on electricity consumption has been mixed. Consequently, this study models electricity consumption in Ghana with special attention on the effect of financial development. The results show that price reduces electricity consumption while income and population density increase consumption of electricity. When financial development is represented by domestic credit to private sector, domestic credit to private sector by banks and broad money supply, the effect is negative on electricity consumption. However, the effect is positive when financial development is represented by foreign direct investment. A financial index constructed from the four indicators shows financial development reduces electricity consumption in Ghana. Among other things the policy implication includes the need to formulate appropriate policy based on a specific indicator for financial development. </abstract>

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Utami, Lisa, Lazulva Lazulva, and Yuni Fatisa. "Electricity Production From Peat Water Uses Microbial Fuel Cells Technology." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 2, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v2i1.12371.

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This study aims to study how the potential of peat water as a source of electrical energy using Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology. Observations were made on two chamber vessel reactors (anodes and cathodes) and connected to electrochemical cell circuits (voltaic cells) and voltage values were measured, current, power density generated from the circuit for 9 days.The results of the measurement of the maximum voltage value, the maximum current generated and the maximum power density (8th day) of the reactor are obtained as follows: 50.8 mV, 1 µA and 3.64 x 10-2 mW / m2

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Dannier, Adolfo, Emanuele Fedele, Ivan Spina, and Gianluca Brando. "Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) in Connected or Weak Grids for Turbine-Based Wind Energy Conversion System." Energies 15, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 6402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176402.

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Mamani-Asqui, Leonard Javier, Lucero Nataly Peredo-Berlanga, Francisco Javier Roque Rodríguez, and Giancarlo Richard Salazar-Banda. "Vicia faba Crop Residues for Sustainable Electricity Generation Using a Sludge-based Microbial Fuel Cell." Chemical & biochemical engineering quarterly 34, no. 4 (2021): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/cabeq.2020.1857.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFC) simultaneously degrade organic substrates and generate electricity in a sustainable and eco-friendly way. Here, we built a 4-unit MFC and studied the efficiency of MFC at different conditions, including pH, substrate concentration of Vicia faba agricultural wastes with exoelectrogenic bacteria P. aeruginosa. The exoelectrogenic bacteria were obtained from industrial effluents and used to inoculate the MFCs. The optimized conditions in terms of yielding maximum potential of 802 mV, yielding maximum power density of 283 mW mb2 were reported at a substrate concentration of 6 g Lb1 of V. faba waste and pH of 5.5, corresponding to a current density 1255.93 mA mb2. Using exoelectrogenic bacteria from industrial effluents and agricultural wastes resulted in efficient MFC. Thus, the developed MFCs using V. faba agricultural wastes can be used in rural areas that have limited access to electricity, by reusing agricultural wastes and concomitant electricity generation.

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Wang, Jianzhou, Ling Xiao, and Jun Shi. "The Combination Forecasting of Electricity Price Based on Price Spikes Processing: A Case Study in South Australia." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/172306.

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Electricity price forecasting holds very important position in the electricity market. Inaccurate price forecasting may cause energy waste and management chaos in the electricity market. However, electricity price forecasting has always been regarded as one of the largest challenges in the electricity market because it shows high volatility, which makes electricity price forecasting difficult. This paper proposes the use of artificial intelligence optimization combination forecasting models based on preprocessing data, called “chaos particles optimization (CPSO) weight-determined combination models.” These models allow for the weight of the combined model to take values of[-1,1]. In the proposed models, the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm is used to identify outliers, and the outliers are replaced by a new data-produced linear interpolation function. The proposed CPSO weight-determined combination models are then used to forecast the projected future electricity price. In this case study, the electricity price data of South Australia are simulated. The results indicate that, while the weight of the combined model takes values of[-1,1], the proposed combination model can always provide adaptive, reliable, and comparatively accurate forecast results in comparison to traditional combination models.

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Wang, X., Y. J. Feng, and H. Lee. "Electricity production from beer brewery wastewater using single chamber microbial fuel cell." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 7 (April 1, 2008): 1117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.064.

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The performance of electricity production from beer brewery wastewater in a single chamber membrane-free microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated. Experimental results showed that the MFCs could generate electricity from full-strength wastewater (2,239 mg-COD/L, 50 mM PBS added) with the maximum power density of 483 mW/m2 (12 W/m3) at 30°C and 435 mW/m2 (11 W/m3) at 20°C, respectively. Temperature was found to have bigger impact on cathode potential than anode potential. Results suggested that it is feasible to generate electricity with the treatment of beer brewery wastewater.

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Liu, Shiwen, Zhen Zhang, Junhua Yang, and Wei Hu. "Exploring Increasing Urban Resident Electricity Consumption: The Spatial Spillover Effect of Resident Income." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 4249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124249.

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The impact of average wages on electricity consumption among urban residents in China has generated many fascinating debates for scholarly research, but only a few studies have considered the spatial spillover effect of average wages on residential electricity consumption. With the use of city-level panel data from 278 Chinese cities spanning 2005 to 2016, this preliminary study explores the impacts of the average wage on residential electricity consumption. Specifically, based on the spatial Durbin model with fixed effects, three different spatial weight matrices (the economic distance, the inverse distance, and the four nearest neighbours) are utilised to check the robustness of the results under different standards. The results show that the residential electricity consumption of each city increased during the observation period, presenting obvious spatial correlations. Secondly, the average wage of residents had a positive spatial spillover effect, which promoted the residential electricity consumption of both local and surrounding cities. Thirdly, the population density, electricity intensity, educational level of urban residents, and per capita household liquefied petroleum gas consumption in urban areas are key factors influencing residential electricity consumption. Therefore, improving the educational level of urban residents and reducing the electricity intensity can help reduce electricity consumption by residents in China. This paper also presents policy recommendations.

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Ismail, Zainab Ziad, and Mohammed Abdulkhaleq Ibrahim. "Brackish Water Desalination Coupled With Wastewater Treatment and Electricity Generation." Journal of Engineering 21, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2015.05.03.

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A new bio-electrochemical system was proposed for simultaneous removal of organic matters and salinity from actual domestic wastewater and synthetically prepared saline water, respectively. The performance of a three-chambered microbial osmotic fuel cell (MOFC) provided with forward osmosis (FO) membrane and cation exchange membrane (CEM) was evaluated with respect to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from wastewater, electricity generation, and desalination of saline water. The MOFC wasinoculated with activated sludge and fueled with actual domestic wastewater. Results revealed that maximum removal efficiency of COD from wastewater, TDS removal efficiency from saline water, power density, and current density were 96%, 90%, 30.02 mW/m2, and 107.20 mA/m2, respectively.

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Wang, Weiguang, Hua Tian, Gequn Shu, Dongxing Huo, Fang Zhang, and Xiuping Zhu. "A bimetallic thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery for high power density and efficiently harvesting low-grade thermal energy." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 11 (2019): 5991–6000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10257k.

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Züttel, Andreas, Arndt Remhof, Andreas Borgschulte, and Oliver Friedrichs. "Hydrogen: the future energy carrier." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1923 (July 28, 2010): 3329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0113.

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Since the beginning of the twenty-first century the limitations of the fossil age with regard to the continuing growth of energy demand, the peaking mining rate of oil, the growing impact of CO 2 emissions on the environment and the dependency of the economy in the industrialized world on the availability of fossil fuels became very obvious. A major change in the energy economy from fossil energy carriers to renewable energy fluxes is necessary. The main challenge is to efficiently convert renewable energy into electricity and the storage of electricity or the production of a synthetic fuel. Hydrogen is produced from water by electricity through an electrolyser. The storage of hydrogen in its molecular or atomic form is a materials challenge. Some hydrides are known to exhibit a hydrogen density comparable to oil; however, these hydrides require a sophisticated storage system. The system energy density is significantly smaller than the energy density of fossil fuels. An interesting alternative to the direct storage of hydrogen are synthetic hydrocarbons produced from hydrogen and CO 2 extracted from the atmosphere. They are CO 2 neutral and stored like fossil fuels. Conventional combustion engines and turbines can be used in order to convert the stored energy into work and heat.

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Zhang, Shao Min, Wen Long Xie, and Bao Yi Wang. "Visualization Methods of Regional Power Load Density Based on the Heatmap Technology in WebGIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1691.

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The traditional power system shows regional power load density using the dot density way, while it performs some shortages in showing regional density visualization during zooming in webgis process. By improving density point generation algorithm and using heatmap technology, this paper designing and implementing the visualization method of regional electricity load density which is based on heatmap technology in WebGIS (web geographic information system). Also, this paper shows that the image rendering performance and map zoom visual performance are improved when using heatmap method performs regional power load density through experiments.

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Xu, Shengduo, Min Hong, Xiaolei Shi, Meng Li, Qiang Sun, Qixiang Chen, Matthew Dargusch, Jin Zou, and Zhi-Gang Chen. "Computation-guided design of high-performance flexible thermoelectric modules for sunlight-to-electricity conversion." Energy & Environmental Science 13, no. 10 (2020): 3480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee01895c.

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Bello, Antonio, Derek Bunn, Javier Reneses, and Antonio Muñoz. "Parametric Density Recalibration of a Fundamental Market Model to Forecast Electricity Prices." Energies 9, no. 11 (November 17, 2016): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en9110959.

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Mousa, Afraiabi, Jamshid Aghaei, Shahabodin Afrasiabi, and Mohammad Mohammadi. "Probability density function forecasting of electricity price: Deep gabor convolutional mixture network." Electric Power Systems Research 213 (December 2022): 108325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108325.

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Kuriya, Kei, Kotaro Ochiai, Golap Kalita, Masaki Tanemura, Atsuki Komiya, Gota Kikugawa, Taku Ohara, et al. "Output density quantification of electricity generation by flowing deionized water on graphene." Applied Physics Letters 117, no. 12 (September 21, 2020): 123905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0018862.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ELECTRICITY DENSITY'

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