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Academic literature on the topic 'Électricité en géophysique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Électricité en géophysique"
Boutin, Véronique. "Productibilité des centrales solaires à tour (filière sel fondu)." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4061.
Full textAbdul, Samad Feras. "Polarisation provoquée : expérimentation, modélisation et applications géophysiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066049.
Full textThe physical mechanisms responsible for the induced polarization response over the frequency range (from 1 mHz to 20 kHz) are not completely understood. In particular, within the framework of this thesis, two subjects have been addressed. The origin of the signal observed at high frequency (HF) (>1 kHz) was analyzed by carrying out Spectral IP measurements on tap water samples. A phase deviation from the expected response has been observed at HF. The resulted deviation in phase appears to be dependent on the measuring electrode type (potential electrodes) and conductivity of the medium. A model based on an equivalent electrical circuit and designed to represent HF response, has been proposed to correct these effects. The mechanism responsible for the polarization in a medium containing semi-conductor grains has been investigated by analyzing the dependence of the relaxation time. We carried out experimental measurements on a sand medium containing different types of semi-conductors. The spectral response was studied by varying the concentration and type of the electrolyte, the size and content of semi-conductor grains. By using the finite element method, a 2D numerical simulation based on Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations was performed in time and frequency domains. The experimental results are qualitatively in accordance with numerical simulation. It showed a comparable decrease in the relaxation time when increasing the electrolyte concentration. Finally, field measurements on a paleo-mining site containing semi-conductor grains have been acquired. Time-domain IP measurements allowed us to define the zones of slag in the site and led to estimate the slag volume
Biaou, Angelbert. "De la méso-échelle à la micro-échelle : désagrégation spatio-temporelle multifractale des précipitations." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001573.
Full textAbdul, Samad Feras. "Polarisation provoquée : expérimentation, modélisation et applications géophysiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066049/document.
Full textThe physical mechanisms responsible for the induced polarization response over the frequency range (from 1 mHz to 20 kHz) are not completely understood. In particular, within the framework of this thesis, two subjects have been addressed. The origin of the signal observed at high frequency (HF) (>1 kHz) was analyzed by carrying out Spectral IP measurements on tap water samples. A phase deviation from the expected response has been observed at HF. The resulted deviation in phase appears to be dependent on the measuring electrode type (potential electrodes) and conductivity of the medium. A model based on an equivalent electrical circuit and designed to represent HF response, has been proposed to correct these effects. The mechanism responsible for the polarization in a medium containing semi-conductor grains has been investigated by analyzing the dependence of the relaxation time. We carried out experimental measurements on a sand medium containing different types of semi-conductors. The spectral response was studied by varying the concentration and type of the electrolyte, the size and content of semi-conductor grains. By using the finite element method, a 2D numerical simulation based on Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations was performed in time and frequency domains. The experimental results are qualitatively in accordance with numerical simulation. It showed a comparable decrease in the relaxation time when increasing the electrolyte concentration. Finally, field measurements on a paleo-mining site containing semi-conductor grains have been acquired. Time-domain IP measurements allowed us to define the zones of slag in the site and led to estimate the slag volume
Jouen, Thomas. "Caractérisation de l'évolution de l'état de biodégradation des massifs de déchets non dangereux en post-exploitation : Application de méthodes géophysiques." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0010/document.
Full textStorage is the most commonly used waste treatment method in the world because it is a simple and economical way to dispose of solid waste. Despite a national and European desire to reduce the storage of biodegradable waste, a significant amount is still buried, leading to the implementation of specific management methods. Formerly exploited as mere filling pits, MSWL are today complex structures whose objective is to reduce the environmental impact and energetically valorize the biogas produced by the biodegradation of organic matter. In order to accelerate biodegradation processes, a waste cell can be operated in bioreactor mode by reinjecting leachates to increase the water content of the waste. The challenge of the 2000s was to size and validate leachate re-injection systems to ensure optimal distribution of water content in the waste mass. Today, the question is to monitor evolution of the biodegradation in all points of a waste mass in particular to understand the effect of this management mode. Geophysical methods in addition to being non-destructive and spatializing have been used for years on MSWLs and could be sensitive to the evolution of a waste mass biodegradation, as has been demonstrated for the biodegradation of others environments. Thus the problematic of this thesis is to evaluate the capacity of certain geophysical methods to monitor the evolution of the bio-physicochemical parameters of a waste mass during its biodegradation. A first bibliographic work identified four electrical methods among the geophysical methods available to answer this question:• Electrical resistivity• Self potential• Time domain induced polarization• Spectral induced polarizationAfter this state of the art, the thesis work was separated into three parts. The first one was devoted to the implementation of the monitoring of these four methods at the laboratory scale under controlled conditions, the second to analyze the long-term geophysical monitoring at the industrial site of SAS Les Champs Jouault and the last one to evaluate the observations at these two scales. Finally, the conclusion presents the potential of time domain induced polarization method as the most relevant to monitor the evolution of a waste mass biodegradation over time and discusses its use in an industrial setting
Mendieta, Tenorio Aída. "Clay characterization using spectral induced polarization." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS050.
Full textClays are ubiquitously present in the Earth’s near surface and they have a high impact on the permeability of a system. Due to this property, clay formations are used in a variety of geology related applications (oil and gas, geothermal, nuclear waste storage, critical zone research, among others). Clays have a high surface charge and a high specific surface area, this property gives clays a particularly strong electrical double layer (EDL). Spectral induced polarization (SIP) is an active geo-electrical method thatmeasures in a non-invasive manner the frequency-dependent complex conductivity of a geo-material from themHz to the kHz. The complex conductivity informs about the ability the probed material has to conduct an electrical current and the ability to polarize (to reversibly store electrical charges). This thesis presents a detailed laboratory protocol to obtain SIP measurements of different types of clay at varying salinities, as well as an artificial heterogeneous mixture of illite and red montmorillonite with a salinity of around 10¡2 mol L¡1. The results of the first study show that the real part of the electrical conductivity increases with salinity, but the imaginary part increases until a maxima and then decreases. An interpretation of the decrease can come fromthe fact that clays coagulate at high salinities. The potential coagulation of clays would alter the pore space and then alter the polarization mechanisms in play. Furthermore, when comparing the ratio of the surface conductivity (imaginary versus real) of these resultswith other data in the literature, we notice that this ratio decreaseswith clay content. For the second study, we observe that red montmorillonite dominates the polarization with respect to illite. However, both clays effect the conduction of the mixtures. Mixing laws are an effective approach to model the complex conductivity of these heterogeneous mixtures. Complex conductance network models are better at predicting the shape of the polarization spectra. The results of this thesis work open new opportunities for clay characterization using SIP
Rembert, Flore. "Development of geo-electrical methods to characterize dissolution and precipitation processes in a carbonate context." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS114.pdf.
Full textPrecipitation and dissolution of calcite are key processes in carbonate rocks and being able to monitor them in situ is a major issue. Hydrogeophysical methods are based on the development of appropriate geophysical techniques for monitoring hydrological and biogeochemical processes in a non-intrusive and low-cost manner. Among the existing techniques, electrical methods have already proven their ability to monitor such processes. For this reason, the methods of self-potential (SP) and spectral induced polarization (SIP) were chosen to investigate the processes of dissolution and precipitation of calcite. SP is a passive technique consisting in measuring the natural electric field generated by water flows and concentration gradients, while SIP is an active method measuring the complex electrical conductivity at low frequencies (mHz-kHz). Its real and imaginary components can be related respectively to the microstructure and surface state of the minerals constituting it. This thesis presents experimental and theoretical developments in order to improve the interpretation of SP and SIP methods. A new electrical conductivity model is developed and shows a good fit with the numerical results of dissolution and precipitation. Remarkable SP data have been obtained and could be quantitatively linked through reactive transport modeling. The SIP results provide further insights into the mechanisms responsible for the polarization variations caused by the reactivity of calcite
Noel, Cécile. "Suivi de la biodégradation des hydrocarbures par le couplage des mesures géophysiques électriques du sol (polarisation provoquée) et des analyses des gaz (concentration du CO 2 et isotopie du carbone)." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2041/document.
Full textStimulated biodegradation is a depollution technique used to degrade hydrocarbons. Its monitoring is currently done thanks to very few expensive wells. This PhD research work proposes to improve bioremediation monitoring by combining geophysical electrical methods (induced polarization) and CO2 analyses (surface emissions and carbon isotopic ratio). These tools were tested at laboratory scale and then implemented on a pilot site under decontamination. Aerobic degradation of toluene in columns by a known bacterial strain (Rhodococcus wratislaviensis) was characterized by CO2 production, carbon isotopic fractionation and by an evolution of electrical complex resistivity of porous media, in correlation with microbiological and geochemical analyses. These results allowed to implement a monitoring at the site scale. The site is a gas station where gasoline and diesel leaked fifteen years ago. A trench supply oxygen to the water table in order to stimulate aerobic bacterial processes. Geophysical campaigns and CO2 analyses have been carried out since February 2014. The first results show a more conductive and chargeable area which corresponds to the contaminated zone defined by geochemical analyses in wells. Moreover in this area CO2 emissions have been measured with an isotopic signature typical of hydrocarbon biodegradation. These results show the interest of combining geophysical methods with gas analyses to monitor biodegradation and they have already allowed to provide a non-destructive and new methodology for in situ monitoring
Books on the topic "Électricité en géophysique"
Geology, Geodynamics, and Atmospheric Electricity. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020.
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