Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Electrical sizing'
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1
Chauveau, Clément. "Sizing of the French secondary sources." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-285575.
Abstract:
The study carried out in this master thesis comes from a larger project from the ENTSO-E(gathering of the European Transmission System Operators (TSO)) focusing on introductionof a European platform for the exchange of balancing energy from frequency restorationreserves. The frequency restoration reserves are the power reserves that allow the TSO tobalance the consumption and the production. The management of these reserves istherefore strategic for the TSO. RTE (the French TSO) takes part to this European project andthis has led RTE to challenge its secondary sources sizing method. The sizing method goal isto do a level of reserve prescription for the next day. The objective of the thesis is toevaluate a new secondary sources sizing method. To achieve the objective, two main tasksare identified. The first is the adaptation of a sizing method suggested by the ENTSO-E. Thisnew sizing method should be applicable to the French power system and its specificities.This requires some modifications from the original suggested method. We will decline themethod into different scenarios with different parameters. The second task focuses on theevaluation of the different scenarios and the comparison with the current sizing method.The evaluation will investigate three aspects for each scenario: • The static aspect, which investigates the statistical characteristics of the scenario’sprescription. • The dynamic aspect, which evaluates the impact of the scenario’s prescription on thepower grid. • The economic, which investigates the scenario’s cost. At the end of the study, RTE will dispose of a set of scenarios that are applicable to theFrench system with satisfying performances in order to select the best scenario consideringits cost/efficiency balance.De studier som genomförts i detta examensarbete kommer från ett större projekt, frånENTSO-E (gathering of the European Transmission System Operators (TSO)) med fokus på enpresentation av en europeisk plattform för utbyte av balanserad energi från frekvensåterställnings reserven. Frekvens återställnings reserven är kraftreserver som gör det möjligtför en TSO (systemansvarig) att balansera förbrukningen och produktionen. Behandlingen avdessa reserver är därför strategisk för en TSO. RTE (den franska TSOn) deltar i dettaeuropeiska projekt och detta har medfört att RTE ifrågasätter sin nuvarande sekundäramätmetod. Målsättningen för mätmetoden är att veta vilket krav på reserven som behövsför nästa dag. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utvärdera en ny mätmetod. För att nåmålet identifieras två deluppgifter. Den första är anpassningen av den mätmetod somföreslås av ENTSO-E. Denna nya mått metod bör tillämpas på det franska kraft systemet ochdess förutsättningar. Detta kräver vissa ändringar från den ursprungligt föreslagna metoden.Vi kommer att använda metoden i olika scenarier och med olika parametrar.Den andra deluppgiften fokuserar på utvärderingen av de olika scenarierna och jämförelsenmed den aktuella mätmetoden. Utvärderingen kommer att undersöka tre aspekter för varjescenario: - Den statiska aspekten som undersöker de statiska egenskaperna för scenariots krav. - Den dynamiska aspekten som utvärderar effekterna av scenariots krav på elnätet. - Den ekonomiska som undersöker scenariots kostnad. Slutsatsen är att RTE kommer att kunna använda ett par uppsättningar av de scenarier somär tillämpliga på det franska systemet med tillfredsställande resultat till att kunna välja detbästa scenariot med tanke på dess kostnad och effektivitet.
2
Gregory, Peter. "Analysis of sedimenting Kaolin suspensions by miniaturised Electrical Resistance Tomography." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302456.
3
Coppez, Gabrielle. "Optimal sizing of hybrid renewable energy systems for rural electrification." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10274.
Abstract:
Includes bibliograhical references.This project has the objective of creating a tool for feasibility assessment and recommendations of sizing of hybrid renewable energy systems in rural areas in South Africa. This involves the development of a tool which would analyse information input about the climate of the area and the load demand.
4
Kuo, Irene Y. (Irene Yunchia) 1976. "A methodology for sizing components in a dual-voltage automotive electrical system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80198.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 113).
by Irene Y. Kuo.
S.B.and M.Eng.
5
Wills, William Noah. "A General Method for Sizing Battery Energy Storage Systems for Use in Mitigating Photovoltaic Flicker." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13850758.
Abstract:
A method for sizing battery energy storage (BES) systems for use in mitigating voltage flicker caused by solar intermittency in photovoltaic generation was developed. The method creates a “design day” from existing solar data and designs the power and energy requirements for a BES system that can help a photovoltaic facility mitigate flicker caused by solar activity associated with the design day. An economic analysis of lead-acid and lithium-ion options for the BES was also developed. The method was then applied to a proposed photovoltaic project in the Midwestern United States.
6
Bagheri, Rajeoni Alireza. "ANALOG CIRCUIT SIZING USING MACHINE LEARNING BASED TRANSISTORCIRCUIT MODEL." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1609428170125214.
7
Cameron, Grant Arthur 1960. "A model and algorithm for sizing and routing DCS switched telecommunications networks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282772.
Abstract:
Demand for broadband services such as fax, videotelephony, video conference and data transmission continues to explode as we move into the twenty-first century. The new broadband demand differs from voice traffic in that it varies rapidly with respect to the average length of time capacity is held by a customer. Hence, steady state models of network traffic are not valid in general, and may not provide approximations that are sufficiently accurate for network design. In addition, modern telecommunications networks incorporate advanced switching technology that can provide flexible routing of network traffic based on network load and projected demand. It is desireable to take advantage of this new flexibility to design reliable, yet low cost, networks. In this dissertation a multistage stochastic linear programming model for the design of broadband networks is presented, along with a specialized algorithm for solving the program. The algorithm is based on Network Recourse Decomposition (NRD) first introduced by Powell and Cheung. The solution method incorporates cost calculations that prove to be useful for both sizing and routing decisions.
8
Klasson, Alexander, and Philip Melin. "Battery Sizing and Placement in the Low Voltage Grid including Photovoltaics." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166795.
Abstract:
Installations of photovoltaic power production increases each year. This can have a negative consequence on the distribution grid where the voltage can increase. The electric distribution companies in Sweden have a responsibility in keeping the grid at certain voltages, and have to reinforce the grid if these voltages are outside these levels. This Master's Thesis investigates the difference in strengthening the grid with help of cables or with help of batteries, especially the economic differences between the two and in which cases they might be viable, both today and in the future. A real case in a low distribution grid, where photovoltaic production was too large will be used as basis of the thesis. In this case, the problematic part of the grid with most production was moved to a network station close by which lead to a significant drop in voltages on the first grid. To evaluate the different solutions a simulation tool developed previously is further built upon, to be able to create simulations of the grid investigated. It is also possible to test replacing or strengthening cables with this tool. An optimisation tool is then created, that is used to test where batteries can be placed and how large they have to be to keep the voltages and currents within set ranges. From the results, the most significant conclusion is that batteries are not yet viable as a replacement for grid reinforcements in the base case evaluated. Today this is mostly due to the steep prices of batteries, and long life-lengths of cables where they can be used for significantly longer than batteries as grid reinforcements. However, in the future, there are situations where batteries may be economically more viable. There is also a portability aspect in batteries, where batteries could be used as a temporary solution where it may not be possible to install cable reinforcements immediately. Lastly, the optimal placement of batteries was established to be as close to the problem zone, i.e. the photovoltaic power production as possible. This means that with growing popularity of stationary batteries at home and electric vehicles, these types of solutions could possibly be used in the future.
9
Panagiotou, Konstantina. "Design recommendations and sizing guidelines for small scale grid-connected decentralised energy systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55365/.
Abstract:
Decentralised energy systems (DES) can be seen as a promising network topology which can potentially address the 21st century energy and power challenges that the existing hierarchical, centrally controlled power grid is required to face. Comprehensive design and representation of such systems are among the many obstacles which restrict the wider spread of DES. This thesis is concerned with the feasibility and profitability of small scale grid-connected DES located in UK. A suitable design and development procedure was proposed in this study for the analytical and detailed representation of the systems considered. The design procedure followed was integrated with the control, management and sizing strategies via the monitor of the system operation and the power flow. The effect of different technical parameters on the system performance and viability was investigated and the outcome was utilised in planning and scheduling decisions. Finally, comparisons between different specific test scenarios, energy systems, overnight charging control algorithms, energy storage sizes, etc. were implemented and conclusions regarding the system financials were drawn. This study can be seen as a design and sizing guide or a process simulation interactive software which provides design recommendations, sizing guidelines and useful system insights to the end users and the management authority/aggregators.
10
Tan, Chin Hwee. "Optimization of power and delay in VLSI circuits using transistor sizing and input ordering." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35979.
11
Naziri, Moghaddam Iman. "Optimal Sizing and Operation of Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Intermittency of Renewable Energy Resources." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10791200.
Abstract:
Increased share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the generation mix requires higher flexibility in power system resources. The intermittent nature of the RES calls for higher reserves in power systems to smooth out the unpredictable power fluctuations. Grid-tied energy storage systems are practical solutions to facilitate the massive integration of RES. The deployment of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) on the power grids is experiencing a significant growth in recent years. Thanks to intensive research and development in battery chemistry and power conversion systems, BESS costs are reducing. However, much more advancements in battery manufacturing as well as additional incentives from the market side are still needed to make BESS a more cost-effective solution. Planning and operation of the BESS significantly influence its profitability. It is quite important to find optimal sizes of batteries and inverters. Sizing of the BESS for two different applications is addressed in this work. In the first application, the BESS is co-located with Pumped Storage Hydro (PSH) to meet the Day-Ahead (DA) schedule of wind generation. In the second application, a method for BESS sizing in the presence of PV-induced ramp rate limits is proposed. In this thesis, two methods based on Receding Horizon Control (RHC) for the optimal operation of the BESS are introduced. A co-located BESS and wind farm is considered in both methods. In one method, electricity market participation is not considered, and the goal is solely meeting the DA schedule utilizing the BESS. A novel predictive control method is proposed in this part and the efficiency of the method is evaluated through long-run simulations using actual historical wind power.
In the second scenario, market participation of the BESS is taken into account. The deviation from the DA schedule can be compensated through the BESS, or by purchasing power from the real-time electricity market. The optimization problem based on physical and operational constraints is developed. The problem is solved through an RHC scheme while using updated wind power and electricity price forecasts. In this thesis, a Ridge-regression forecast model for electricity price and an ARIMA forecast model for wind power are developed. Simulation results using actual historical data for wind power and electricity price demonstrate that the proposed algorithm increases the average daily profit. In order to evaluate the impact of the BESS lifetime and price on average daily profit, different scenarios are defined and simulated. Although they increase the complexity of the problem, much more realistic result might be obtained when all details and constraints are considered.
12
Kross, Cory Kenneth. "A Method for Evaluating Aircraft Electric Power System Sizing and Failure Resiliency." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1709.
Abstract:
With the More Electric Aircraft paradigm, commercial commuter aircraft are increasing the size and complexity of electrical power systems by increasing the number of electrical loads. With this increase in complexity comes a need to analyze electrical power systems using new tools. The Hybrid Power System Optimizer (HyPSO) developed by Airbus SAS is a simulator designed to analyze new aircraft power systems. This thesis project will first provide a method to assess the reliability of complex aircraft electrical power systems before and after failure and reconfiguration events. Next, an add-on to HyPSO is developed to integrate the previously developed reliability calculations. Proof-of-concepts including new data visualizations are performed and provided.
13
Chanda, Soumendu. "Powertrain Sizing and Energy Usage Adaptation Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1208385855.
14
Gebresilassie, Yosef. "Sizing and modeling a microgrid containing renewable energy production, energy storage, electrical vehicles and other green technologies." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289328.
Abstract:
Optimal design of a microgrid containing renewable energy sources in a residential sector is important to have a technical and economical feasible investment. In this project a microgrid (MG) for a house cooperative in Hudiksvall, Sweden has been studied. The aim of this study is to estimate how the electric vehicles (EVs) will aid the MG assuming different availabilities. Furthermore, this study aims to investigate optimal sizes of photovoltaic (PV) power and solar collectors for the households as well as possible energy storage capacity to increase the self-consumption. To study the role of the EVs in aiding the MG a simulation was carried in MATLAB/SIMULINK. To estimate the optimal sizes of the PV cells a life cycle cost assessment (LCCA) was carried out. The optimal output from the SC was estimated by using the f -chart method. The results from this study points out that a higher EV capacity will be required when the EVs are available for longer hours of the day, which is mainly due to the large share of PV power produced and the limited range of charging/discharging capacity of the EV battery. The LCCA shows that a high PV capacity will lead to a low net present value and a longer payback period. The sensitivity analysis which was carried out indicates that the PV system investment is mostly sensitive to the investment cost. The f -chart method gives the recommended values for SC output and an estimation of the thermal energy storage capacity.Ett mikronät som innehåller olika förnyelsebara energikällor behöver designas optimalt för kunna ha en både ekonomisk och teknisk genomförbar investering. I detta projekt studerades ett mikronät för en bostadsförening i Hudiksvall. Syftet med detta projekt var att studera hur elbilar kommer att kunna försörja nätet vid olika tillgänglighetstider hos bilarna. Utöver det syftade det här projektet också på att uppskatta den optimala effekten på solceller och solfångare för bostadsföreningen samt möjligheterna för energilagring för att utöka konsumtionen av närproducerad el och värme. En simulering i MATLAB/SIMULINK utfördes för att studera elbilarnas roll i att försörja mikronätet. För att få en bild av den optimala effekten på solcellerna utfördes en livscykelkostandsanalys. Den optimala effekten för solfångarna har beräknats genom f -chart metoden. Resultaten från denna studie visar att högre batterikapacitet på elbilar kommer att krävas när elbilarna är kopplade till mikronätet för längre perioder. Detta beror på den höga effektproduktionen från solcellerna samt den begränsade nivån för laddning/urladdning av elbilarnas batteri. Livcykelkostnadsanalysen gav ett lägre nuvärde samt längre återbetalningsperioder då en högre kapacitet på solcellerna installerades. Känslighetsanalysen som utfördes visar att nuvärdet av investeringen är mest känslig för investeringskostnaden. Med f -chart metoden kunde slutsatser gällande optimal solfångare och termisk energilagring dras.
15
Nonaka, Alan. "Boost Converter Inductor Sizing Effects on the Performance of MPPT Algorithms." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2229.
Abstract:
With solar power and other renewables set to take over the market in the coming decades, maximum power point tracking will be essential to optimizing power output. One underserved topic of research is the effect of inductor current ripple on performance of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms. Many new topologies are focused on decreasing the ripple from PV source to increase efficiency and power output. However, not much has been done to show ripple degrading performance of MPPT algorithms. This study uses a boost converter topology to test the performance of constant duty cycle step Perturb and Observe (PO), Incremental Conductance IC, and Constant Voltage (CV) PID over a range of inductor current ripple factor. Inductor current ripple is controlled solely by changing inductance. This study concluded that all three algorithms were quite robust and affected very little over an inductor current ripple factor range of 20% to 40%. One novel finding was increased duty cycle oscillation when the MPPT update and sample speed was faster than the boost converter response.
16
Khasawneh, Hussam Jihad. "Sizing Methodology and Life Improvement of Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429638668.
17
Mehra, Varun S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Optimal sizing of solar and battery assets in decentralized micro-grids with demand-side management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108959.
Abstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2017.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 199-209).
Solar-based community micro-grids and individual home systems have been recognized as key enablers of electricity provision to the over one billion people living without energy access to-date. Despite significant cost reductions in solar panels, these options can still be cost-prohibitive mainly due over-sizing of generation assets corresponding with a lack of ability to actively manage electricity demand. The main contribution shared is the methodology and optimization approach of least-cost combinations of generation asset sizes, in solar panels and batteries, subject to meeting reliability constraints; these results are based on a techno-economic modeling approach constructed for assessing decentralized micro-grids with demand-side management capabilities. The software model constructed is implemented to represent the technical characteristics of a low-voltage, direct current network architecture and computational capabilities of a power management device. The main use-case of the model presented is based on serving representative, aggregated, household-level load profiles combined with simulated power output from solar photovoltaic modules and the kinetic operating constraints of lead-acid batteries at hourly timesteps over year-long simulations. The state-space for solutions is based on available solar module and battery capacities from distributors in Jharkhand, India. Additional work presented also extends to real-time operation of such isolated micro-grids with requisite local computation. First, for load disaggregation and forecasting purposes, clustering algorithms and statistical learning techniques are applied on quantitative results from inferred load profiles based on data logged from off-grid solar home systems. Second, results from an optimization approach to accurately parametrize a lead-acid battery model for potential usage in real-time field implementation are also shared. Economic results, sensitivity analyses around key technical and financial input assumptions, and comparisons in cost reductions due to the optimization of solar and battery assets for decentralized micro-grids with demand-side management capabilities are subsequently presented. The work concludes with insights and policy implications on establishing differentiated willingness-to-pay, tiers of service, and dynamic price-setting in advanced micro-grids.
by Varun Mehra.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.
18
Collin, Philippe. "Design, taking into account the partial discharges phenomena, of the electrical insulation system (EIS) of high power electrical motors for hybrid electric propulsion of future regional aircrafts." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30116.
Abstract:
La réduction des émissions de CO2 est un enjeu majeur pour l'Europe dans les années à venir. Les transports sont aujourd'hui à l'origine de 24% des émissions globales de CO2. L'aviation ne représente que 2% des émissions globales de CO2. Cependant, le trafic aérien est en pleine expansion et, déjà, des inquiétudes apparaissent. A titre d'exemple, en Suède, depuis les années 1990, les émissions de CO2 dues au trafic aérien ont augmenté de 61%. Ce constat explique l'apparition du mouvement "Flygskam" qui se repend dans de plus en plus de pays Européen. C'est dans ce contexte que l'Union Européenne a lancé en septembre 2016 le projet Hybrid Aircraft Academic research on Thermal and Electrical Components and Systems (HASTECS). Le consortium regroupe différents laboratoires et Airbus. Ce projet s'inscrit dans le programme "Clean Sky 2" qui vise à développer une aviation plus verte. L'objectif ambitieux est de réduire de 20% les émissions de CO2 et le bruit produits par les avions d'ici 2025. Pour cela, le consortium étudie une architecture hybride de type série. La propulsion est assurée par des moteurs électriques. Deux cibles ont été définies. En 2025, les moteurs doivent atteindre une densité de puissance de 5kW/kg, système de refroidissement inclus. En 2035, la densité de puissance des moteurs sera doublée pour atteindre 10kW/kg. Pour atteindre ces cibles, le niveau de tension sera considérablement augmenté, au-delà du kilovolt. Le risque de décharges électriques dans les stators des moteurs électriques est considérablement accru. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mettre au point un outil d'aide au design du Système d'Isolation Electrique (SIE) primaire du stator de moteur électrique piloté par convertisseur. Elle est découpée en cinq parties. La première partie commence par préciser les enjeux et défis d'une aviation plus verte. Le SIE du stator de moteur électrique est développé. Enfin, les contraintes qui s'appliquent sur le SIE dans l'environnement aéronautique sont identifiées. La deuxième partie présente les différents types de décharges électriques que l'on peut retrouver. Le principal risque vient des Décharges Partielles (DP) qui détériorent peu à peu le SIE. Le principal mécanisme pour expliquer l'apparition des DP est l'avalanche électronique. Le critère de Paschen permet d'évaluer le Seuil d'Apparition des Décharges Partielles (SADP). Différentes techniques permettent de détecter et mesurer l'activité des DP. Des modèles numériques permettent d'évaluer le SADP. La troisième partie présente une méthode originale pour déterminer les lignes de champ électrique dans un problème électrostatique. Elle n'utilise qu'une formulation en potentiel scalaire. La quatrième partie présente une étude expérimentale pour établir une correction du critère de Paschen. Un bobinage de moteur électrique est très loin des hypothèses dans lesquelles ce critère a été originellement défini. Enfin, la cinquième partie est consacrée à l'élaboration de l'outil d'aide au design du SIE. Des abaques sont construites afin de fournir des recommandations sur le dimensionnement des différents isolants dans une encoche de stator. Une réduction du SADP due à une variation combinée de la température et de la pression est prise en compteReducing CO2 emissions is a major challenge for Europe in the years to come. Nowadays, transport is the source of 24% of global CO2 emissions. Aviation accounts for only 2% of global CO2 emissions. However, air traffic is booming and concerns are emerging. For instance, CO2 emissions from air traffic have increased by 61% in Sweden since the 1990s. This explains the emergence of the "Flygskam" movement which is spreading in more and more European countries. It is in this context that the European Union launched in September 2016 the project Hybrid Aircraft Academic research on Thermal and Electrical Components and Systems (HASTECS). The consortium brings together different laboratories and Airbus. This project is part of the program "Clean Sky 2" which aims to develop a greener aviation. The ambitious goal is to reduce CO2 emissions and the noise produced by aircraft by 20% by 2025. To do that, the consortium is studying a serial hybrid architecture. Propulsion is provided by electric motors. Two targets are defined. In 2025, the engines must reach a power density of 5kW/kg, including the cooling system. In 2035, the power density of the engines will be doubled to reach 10kW/kg. To reach these targets, the voltage level will be considerably increased, beyond one kilovolt. The risk of electric discharges in the stators of electric motors is considerably increased. The objective of this thesis is to develop a tool to assist in the design of the primary Electrical Insulation System (EIS) of the stator of an electric motor controlled by a converter. It is organized in 5 parts. The first part begins by clarifying the issues and challenges of a greener aviation. The electric motor stator EIS is developed. Finally, the constraints that apply to the EIS in the aeronautical environment are identified. The second part presents the different types of electric discharges that can be found. The main risk comes from Partial Discharges (PD) which gradually deteriorate the EIS. The main mechanism for explaining the appearance of PD is the electronic avalanche. The Paschen criterion makes it possible to evaluate the Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (PDIV). Different techniques are used to detect and measure the activity of PD. Numerical models are used to evaluate the PDIV. The third part presents an original method for determining the electric field lines in an electrostatic problem. It only uses a scalar potential formulation. The fourth part presents an experimental study to establish a correction of the Paschen criterion. An electric motor winding is very far from the hypotheses in which this criterion was originally defined. Finally, the fifth part is devoted to the development of the SIE design aid tool. Graphs are generated to provide recommendations on the sizing of the various insulators in a stator slot. A reduction in the PDIV due to a combined variation in temperature and pressure is taken into account
19
Sergent, Aaronn. "Optimal Sizing and Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Hybrid-Electric, Distributed-Propulsion Regional Aircraft." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595519141013663.
20
Nanewortor, Xoese Kobla [Verfasser], Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwarz, and Przemyslaw [Akademischer Betreuer] Janik. "A concept of renewable energy plant-storage capacity sizing for integration into electrical distribution network / Xoese Kobla Nanewortor ; Harald Schwarz, Przemyslaw Janik." Cottbus : BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1114666890/34.
21
Yelamarthi, Kumar. "Process Variation-Aware Timing Optimization with Load Balance of Multiple Paths in Dynamic and Mixed-Static-Dynamic CMOS Logic." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1213880942.
22
Tamimi, Ala. "Voltage stability limits for weak power systems with high wind penetration." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13100.
Abstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Anil Pahwa
Shelli K. Starrett
Analysis of power system voltage stability has practical value in increasing wind penetration levels. As wind penetration levels increase in power systems, voltage stability challenges arise due to locating wind resources far away from load centers. This dissertation presents several different voltage stability methods for sizing new wind farms. Power system wind penetration levels depend on the available voltage stability margins (VSMs) of the existing power system and system load characteristics. Three new iterative methods have been developed to maximize wind penetration level in weak power systems based on systems’ VSMs. The first two methods use an iterative approach for increasing the size of each wind farm until reaching the collapse point. Wind farms with less negative impact on system VSMs are sized larger than others. A third wind farm sizing method has been developed using modal analysis in conjunction with the traditional voltage stability method (Q-V method). Wind farms are placed at buses in the power system which have the lowest negative impact on voltage instability modes (strong wind injection buses). By placing the wind farms at the strongest wind injection buses, higher amounts of wind power can be injected into the power system. To further increase wind penetration in weak power systems, two additional techniques are introduced and applied to the western Kansas power system. The first technique uses modes of voltage instability to place voltage support equipment like static var compensators at locations in the power system where they provide the needed reactive power support for increasing levels of wind penetration. The second technique uses the fact that wind patterns at a wind farm site may rarely allow the wind farm to produce its maximum capacity during the peak loading hours. Wind farm maximum sizes can be increased above their maximum voltage stable size limit without driving the power system into becoming voltage unstable. Preventing voltage collapse for the additional increases in wind farm sizes is accomplished by disconnecting some wind turbines inside the wind farm during critical times to reduce its power output to a voltage stable level.
23
Davis, Joseph P. "Electronic Interface for an Inductive Wear Debris Sensor for Detection of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Particles." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1380998832.
24
Moisson, franckhauser Nicolas. "Development of methods and tools for the design and optimisation of Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machines for variable speed application in Hydro-generation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT031/document.
Abstract:
Les Stations de Transfert d’Energie par Pompage (STEP) sont des structures importantes pour stabiliser le réseau électrique.Les technologies à vitesse variable peuvent améliorer l'efficacité et la souplesse d’utilisation des STEPs. Les technologies actuelles telles que les machines alimentées en fréquence variable, ou les Machines Asynchrone à Double Alimentations (MADA) présentent des inconvénients. Dans ce travail, nous nous concentrons sur une structure non conventionnelle de machine à vitesse variable : la Machine à Induction à Double Alimentation sans Balais (BDFM). Les objectifs sont de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de cette machine pour la dimensionner, l’optimiser et finalement la comparer aux structures existantes.Après un examen des techniques de dimensionnement et d'optimisation des machines classiques, des approches similaires sont étudiées pour les BDFM. Deux méthodes différentes pour des simulations éléments finis plus rapides de la BDFM sont présentées : une première, la plus rapide mais qui ne considère pas le phénomène de saturation et une seconde basée sur le principe des simulations magnétoharmoniques. Une analyse harmonique minutieuse combinée à une comparaison de cas en charges (couplage-croisés) entre des simulations FE et les résultats obtenus avec des schémas équivalents obtenus dans la littérature conduit à une modification du circuit équivalent de la BDFM. Une nouvelle méthode pour déterminer les paramètres de ce circuit grâce à des essais électriques est ensuite présentée. La détermination des paramètres à partir de la géométrie est également abordée pour aboutir à un modèle semi-analytique dérivable. Un tel modèle, couplé à un algorithme d'optimisation du 1er ordre pourrait être extrêmement puissant lors du dimensionnement d'une BDFM. Le potentiel d'une telle approche est montré dans ce travail grâce à l'optimisation d'une machine à inductionPumped-hydro storage plants (PSP) are important assets to stabilize electric grids.Variable speed technologies can improve the cycle efficiency and the power adjustability of PSPs. Current technologies such as fully-fed machines or Doubly-Fed Induction Machines (DFIM) have drawbacks. In this work, the focus will be on an unconventional design of variable speed machine: the Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machine (BDFM). The objectives are to better understand the working principles of this machine so as to size it, optimize it, and compare it to other types of variable speed machines.Following a review of sizing and optimization techniques for conventional machines, similar approaches are investigated for BDFMs. Two different methods for faster Finite-Element (FE) simulations of the BDFM are presented: a fast one without saturation considerations and another one based on the principle of magneto-harmonic simulations. A careful harmonic analysis combined with a comparison of cross-coupling tests between FE simulations and results of equivalent circuit found in the literature will lead to a modification of the BDFM equivalent circuit. A new method to determine the parameters of thisequivalent circuit from electrical tests is presented. The parameters determination from the geometry will also be considered for the elaboration of a derivable semi-analytical model. Such a model, paired with a 1st order optimization algorithm could be extremely powerful during the sizing of a BDFM. The potential of such an approach is shown in this work with the optimization of an Induction Machine
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Gopalakrishnan, Harish. "Energy Reduction for Asynchronous Circuits in SoC Applications." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1324264498.
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Boukir, Anass. "Outils pour l’optimisation du dimensionnement des infrastructures d’alimentation électrique de tramway ou de métro." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS668.
Abstract:
L'électrification des transports collectifs urbains, tels que le tramway, constitue un enjeu environnemental majeur. Les études technico-financières pour ces projets couvrent différents aspects de l'infrastructure, tels que le terrassement, les ouvrages d'art, les plateformes de voie ferrée, les bâtiments voyageurs, la technologie électrique, etc. L'objectif de ces études est de proposer des solutions techniques tout en évaluant les coûts, tant en termes d'investissement que de fonctionnement. L'infrastructure de traction électrique est un élément primordial dans cette équation, présentant un coût significatif. Elle doit répondre aux besoins de transport tout en respectant des objectifs financiers et environnementaux. Le dimensionnement de cette infrastructure vise à garantir la disponibilité de la ligne tout en optimisant les coûts. Les études techniques pour concevoir un système d'alimentation électrique impliquent le choix et le dimensionnement des composants qui permettent de transporter l'énergie du réseau public au matériel roulant, à savoir les sous-stations de traction, la ligne aérienne de contact, l'alimentation par le sol et les éléments de liaison. Ces choix s'appuient sur des études en simulation, exigeant des modèles et des outils précis pour éviter la surdimensionnement des infrastructures en raison d'incertitudes sur les résultats de la simulation. Par ailleurs, il faut faire des compromis entre les coûts d’investissement et de fonctionnement d’une part, et la capacité de l’infrastructure à faire face aux aléas de trafic d’autre part. L'objectif de la thèse est de développer une démarche d'optimisation multi-objectifs pour améliorer le dimensionnement des infrastructures électriques, en suivant deux axes de travail : i/ développement d’un simulateur électrique ferroviaire ayant une précision et une vitesse d’exécution compatibles avec une utilisation dans une boucle d’optimisation, ii/ développement d’une méthode d’optimisation du dimensionnement prenant en compte des objectifs concurrents. Le mémoire est structuré en six chapitres. Après un premier chapitre d’introduction générale, le deuxième chapitre détaille la problématique du dimensionnement des infrastructures électriques ferroviaires et fait un état de l’art sur le sujet. Le troisième chapitre porte sur le simulateur ferroviaire développé dans le cadre de la thèse. Les principes généraux, les modèles et les méthodes de résolution sont exposés, ainsi que le post-traitement des résultats de simulation. Le quatrième chapitre concerne la démarche d'optimisation d'infrastructure proposée. Il détaille la transformation du problème métier en un problème d'optimisation bi-objectifs, ainsi que le choix d'une résolution par algorithme génétique NSGA2. Les choix de mise en œuvre de cette méthode sont ensuite présentés. Dans le cinquième chapitre, la démarche d’optimisation proposée est appliquée à deux cas d’étude. Le premier est un cas d’école dont les résultats sont intuitifs. Cela permet de tester la démarche et d’affiner le choix des opérateurs de croisement et de mutation. Le deuxième cas d’étude correspond à un projet de ligne plus complexe, dérivé d'une véritable étude industrielle. Les résultats obtenus par optimisation sont meilleurs que ceux de la recherche par essais-erreurs faite en bureau d’étude. En particulier, l’optimiseur est capable de proposer un ensemble de solutions réalisant différents compromis entre coût et fiabilité, fournissant à l’ingénieur des critères d’aide à la décision objectifs. Pour donner une vue d’ensemble, l'objectif ultime est de créer un outil capable d'optimiser le dimensionnement des infrastructures électriques du tramway en respectant le cahier des charges techniqueThe electrification of urban public transportation, such as trams, represents a major environmental challenge. The technical and financial studies for these projects cover various aspects of the infrastructure, such as excavation, civil engineering structures, railway track platforms, passenger buildings, electrical technology, and more. The objective of these studies is to propose technical solutions while evaluating costs, both in terms of investment and operation. The electric traction infrastructure is an important element in this equation, presenting a significant cost. It must meet transportation needs while adhering to financial and environmental goals. The sizing of this infrastructure aims to ensure the line's availability while optimizing costs. Technical studies for designing an electrical power supply system involve the selection and sizing of components that transport energy from the public grid to rolling stock, including traction substations, overhead contact lines, ground-level power supply, and connecting elements. These choices are based on simulation studies that require precise models and tools to avoid over-sizing the infrastructure due to uncertainties in simulation results. Moreover, compromises must be made between investment and operational costs on one hand and the infrastructure's capacity to handle traffic uncertainties on the other. The thesis's objective is to develop a multi-objective optimization approach to improve the sizing of electrical infrastructure, focusing on two main aspects: i/ the development of a railway electrical simulator with precision and execution speed compatible with optimization loop usage, and ii/ the development of a dimensioning optimization method that considers competing objectives. The thesis is structured into six chapters. After an initial general introduction, the second chapter delves into the issue of railway electrical infrastructure sizing and provides a review of the subject. The third chapter focuses on the railway simulator developed as part of the thesis. It covers the general principles, models, resolution methods, and post-processing of simulation results. The fourth chapter discusses the proposed infrastructure optimization approach, detailing the transformation of the business problem into a bi-objective optimization problem and the choice of the NSGA2 genetic algorithm for resolution. The implementation choices for this method are then presented. In the fifth chapter, the proposed optimization approach is applied to two case studies. The first is a simple test case with intuitive results, allowing for testing and refining the choice of crossover and mutation operators. The second case study involves a more complex real-project. The optimization results outperform those obtained through trial-and-error. Specifically, the optimizer can suggest a range of solutions that strike different balances between cost and reliability, providing engineers with objective decision-making criteria. In summary, the ultimate goal is to create a tool capable of optimizing the sizing of tramway electrical infrastructure while respecting technical specification
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Audoit, Jérémie. "Optimisation de la conductivité électrique transverse de composites structuraux PAEK-fils submicroniques d'argent/fibres de carbone continues avec ensimage conducteur." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30001/document.
Abstract:
Ce travail propose une optimisation de la conductivité électrique transverse des composites structuraux matrice/fibres de carbone. L'influence de la fonctionnalisation électrique de l'ensimage sur la conductivité des composites est particulièrement étudiée. Des feuillets submicroniques d'argent (AgNpts) ont été élaborés en présence de citrate de sodium (TSC). Leur morphologie plane est particulièrement adaptée à une dispersion dans un ensimage. Les feuillets ont été dispersés dans une matrice modèle. Le seuil de percolation électrique des feuillets est déterminé à 5,9 %. Cette valeur est cohérente avec un facteur de forme modéré, compris entre 12 et 28. L'ensimage fonctionnalisé a ensuite été déposé sur une mèche de fibres de carbone, elle-même imprégnée par une matrice PAEK hautes performances. Avant imprégnation des fibres de carbone, des fils submicroniques d'argent ont été introduits dans la matrice PAEK. Des composites matrice-fils submicroniques d'argent/fibres de carbone avec ensimage conducteur ont été mis en œuvre. Leur conductivité électrique est élevée (7 S.m-1), alors que la fraction volumique en particules d'argent (fils et feuillets) est inférieure à 1 % en volumeThis PhD thesis deals with the optimization of transverse electrical conductivity of Thermoplastic Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer. The influence of an electrically conductive sizing has been investigated. Silver nanoplates (AgNpts) have been successfully synthesized by a soft chemical reduction, with trisodiumcitrate (TSC) as surfactant. Silver nanoplates have been dispersed into a model matrix, percolation threshold has been determined near 5.9 % in volume fraction. This value is consistent with their moderate aspect ratio (between 12 and 28). Size and morphology of silver nanoplates are suitable for their dispersion in the sizing. Carbon fiber has been coated with conductive sizing. Carbon fiber will be further impregnated by a PAEK thermoplastic matrix. A higher conductivity level has been achieved by introducing silver nanowires in the PAEK matrix. Structural composites consisting of matrix-silver nanowires / continuous carbon fiber sized with conductive sizing have been elaborated. Their electrical conductivity reached 7 S.m-1 for a total silver volume fraction of 1 %.vol
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Barnawi, Abdulwasa. "Hybrid PV/Wind Power Systems Incorporating Battery Storage and Considering the Stochastic Nature of Renewable Resources." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1470357709.
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Chakraborty, Imon. "Subsystem architecture sizing and analysis for aircraft conceptual design." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54427.
Abstract:
In traditional aircraft conceptual design, subsystems are largely accounted for implicitly based on available historical data and trends. Such an approach has limitations when novel subsystem architectures such as More Electric or All Electric aircraft are considered, since historical data regarding such architectures is either limited or non-existent. In such cases, the incorporation of more thorough and explicit consideration of the aircraft subsystems into the conceptual design phase is warranted.
The first objective of this dissertation is to integrate subsystem sizing and analysis methods that are suitable for the early design phases with the traditional aircraft sizing methodology. The goal is to facilitate the assessment subsystem architecture performance with respect to vehicle and mission level metrics. The second objective is to investigate how the performance of different subsystem architectures varies with aircraft size. The third and final objective is to assess the sensitivity of architecture performance to epistemic and technological uncertainty.
These objectives are pursued through the development of an integrated sizing and analysis environment where the subsystems are sized in parallel with the aircraft itself using subsystem models that are computationally inexpensive and do not require detailed aircraft definition. The effects of subsystem mass, secondary power requirements, and drag increments are propagated to the mission performance analysis following which the vehicle and subsystems are re-sized. A number of experiments are performed to first test the capabilities of the developed environment and subsequently assess the performance of numerous subsystem architectures and the sensitivity of select architectures to epistemic and technological uncertainty.
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Burton, Michael S. M. (Michael J. ). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Solar-electric and gas powered, long-endurance UAV sizing via geometric programming." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112414.
Abstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-85).
Fueled by telecommunication needs and opportunities, there has been a recent push to develop aircraft that can provide long-endurance (days to weeks) persistent aerial coverage. These aircraft present a complicated systems engineering problem because of the multifaceted interaction between aerodynamics, structures, environmental effects, and engine, battery, and other component performance. Using geometric programming, models capturing the interaction between disciplines are used to analyze the feasible limits of solar-electric and gas powered, long-endurance aircraft in seconds to a level of detail and speed not previously achieved in initial aircraft sizing and design. The results show that long-endurance, gas powered aircraft are generally more robust to higher wind speeds than solar-powered aircraft, but are limited in their endurance by the amount of fuel that they can carry. While solar-electric powered aircraft can theoretically fly for months, they are operationally limited by reduced solar flux during the winter and wind speeds at higher latitudes. A detailed trade study between gas-powered and solar-powered aircraft is performed to discover which architecture is best suited to meet a given set of requirements, and what is the optimum size and endurance of that platform.
by Michael Burton.
S.M.
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Geiß, Ingmar [Verfasser]. "Sizing of the Series Hybrid-electric Propulsion System of General Aviation Aircraft / Ingmar Geiß." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2021100123334382521757.
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Choi, Tayoung Gabriel. "Modeling, Sizing and Control of Plug-in Light Duty Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1230712944.
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Husain, Tausif. "DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A NOVEL DOUBLE SIDED E-CORETRANSVERSE FLUX MACHINE WITH AXIAL AIRGAP." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1500561964286682.
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Zenginis, Ioannis. "Optimal sizing and operation planning of microgrids and operation analysis of charging stations for electric vehicles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664711.
Abstract:
Energy and transportation sectors are going through major changes as a result of technological advances, depletion of fossil fuels and climate change. With regard to the energy sector, the future smart grid is expected to be an interconnected network of small-scale and self-contained microgrids, in addition to a large-scale electric power backbone. By utilizing microsources, such as renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and vehicle-to-grid systems, microgrids target to satisfy the customers’ energy demands in a safe, reliable, economic and environmentally friendly way. With regard to the changes in the transportation sector, internal combustion engine vehicles are expected to be gradually replaced by electric vehicles, which are considered to be a promising solution for mitigating the impact of transportation sector on the environment. The presented thesis deals with two main topics; the first one refers to the optimal sizing and operation planning of microgrids comprising various urban building types, while the second one is related to the operation of fast charging stations for electric vehicles that are located in densely populated areas.
The first objective of the thesis is to examine the effect of energy exchanges among interconnected buildings with diverse load profiles on the sizes of power equipment to be installed at the buildings. To this end, a mixed integer linear programming optimization framework is presented that determines the optimal capacities of photovoltaic panels, energy storage systems, and inverters, as well as the optimum management of the generated power. As a first step, the benefits of cooperation among buildings that are already interconnected through an existing point of common coupling is examined. The cooperation benefits are derived by comparing the buildings' costs when they participate in the microgrid with their costs when they operate as separate entities. As a second step, a different microgrid topology is proposed where energy exchanges take place through a common DC bus. In this way, neighboring buildings that are not already physically connected can be members of the same microgrid. Moreover, the optimization results for the new topology are obtained by using the Nash bargaining method, through which the benefits of cooperation are equally distributed among the participating members. Finally, the possible integration of
new buildings in the existing microgrid at a later time point is also examined.
The second objective of the thesis is to provide an accurate operation analysis of fast charging stations for electric vehicles. To this end, a novel queuing theory-based model is presented that classifies the various electric vehicles by their battery size. As a first step, it is analyzed a charging station that contains DC outlets, and the electric vehicles recharge their batteries up to the maximum possible level. The proposed model takes into account the arrival rates and state of charge of the electric vehicles' batteries when arriving at the station, in order to compute the maximum number of customers that can be served, subject to an upper bound for the waiting time in the queue. In addition, a charging strategy is proposed, which allows the charging station to serve more customers without any increase in the queue waiting time. As a second step, it is considered that the charging station can serve both DC and AC electric vehicle classes, while a more flexible way is adopted for denoting the customers' recharging patterns. Based on these additional novelties, the overall profit margin of the charging station operator, and the queue waiting times of the DC and AC classes are calculated under two different pricing policies.
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Condron, Ewell D. "Cost Savings Realized Through Proper Sizing of an Excessive Instrument Air System." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4428/.
Abstract:
The purpose of this research was to determine if installing a smaller air compressor could reduce the electrical usage of a large semiconductor manufacturing plant. A 200 horsepower Atlas Copco compressor was installed with the existing 500 horsepower Ingersoll-Rand compressors. Testing was conducted during the regular manufacturing process at MEMC Southwest in Sherman, Texas. Analysis of the data found that installing the new compressor could reduce electrical consumption. The study also found there are specific operational setpoints that allow the compressor to operate more efficiently.
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Ozden, Burak Samil. "Modeling And Optimization Of Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615583/index.pdf.
Abstract:
The main goal of this thesis study is the optimization of the basic design parameters of hybrid electric vehicle drivetrain components to minimize fuel consumption and emission objectives, together with constraints derived from performance requirements. In order to generate a user friendly and flexible platform to model, select drivetrain components, simulate performance, and optimize parameters of series and parallel hybrid electric vehicles, a MATLAB based graphical user interface is designed. A basic sizing procedure for the internal combustion engine, electric motor, and battery is developed. Pre-defined control strategies are implemented for both types of hybrid configurations. To achieve better fuel consumption and emission values, while satisfying nonlinear performance constraints, multi-objective gradient based optimization procedure is carried out with user defined upper and lower bounds of optimization parameters. The optimization process is applied to a number of case studies and the results are evaluated by comparison with similar cases found in literature.
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Zimmerman, Nathan. "Vanadium Redox Flow Battery : Sizing of VRB in electrified heavy construction equipment." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-26918.
Abstract:
In an effort to reduce global emissions by electrifying vehicles and machines with internal combustion engines has led to the development of batteries that are more powerful and efficient than the common lead acid battery. One of the most popular batteries being used for such an installation is lithium ion, but due to its short effective usable lifetime, charging time, and costs has driven researcher to other technologies to replace it. Vanadium redox flow batteries have come into the spotlight recently as a means of replacing rechargeable batteries in electric vehicles and has previously be used mainly to store energy for load leveling. It possesses many qualities that would be beneficial to electrify vehicles. The battery has the ability for power and energy to be sized independently which is not dissimilar to internal combustion vehicles. It also has the potential for a tolerance to low discharges, fast response time, and can quickly be refueled by replacing the electrolyte; just like is done when a car refuels at the gas station. The purpose of the study is to determine the possibility of using vanadium redox flow batteries to power heavy construction equipment, a wheel loader, with a finite amount of space available for implementation. A model has been designed in MATLAB to determine how long the battery could last under typically applications for the wheel loader which needs a peak power of 200 kW. From the volume available it has been determined that the battery can be installed with an energy capacity of 148 kWh. The results of the model show that vanadium redox flow batteries can be used to power a wheel loader but due to the limiting energy density and cell components it remains to be impractical.
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MALAGA, MANOLO MIGUEL PINTO. "DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR SIZING AN ELECTRIC ENERGY SUPPLY HIBRID SYSTEM FOR PEAK SHAVING AND COMMERCIAL SECTOR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16719@1.
Abstract:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORQualquer atividade em uma sociedade moderna só é possível com o uso intensivo e eficiente de uma ou mais formas de energia. Das diversas formas de energia interessam, em particular, aquelas que são processadas e colocadas à disposição dos consumidores, tais como a energia elétrica. Neste trabalho é apresentado o desenvolvimento de duas metodologias que permitem gerar curvas de Capacidade de Carga a partir de (i) dados aleatórios de perfil de consumo de energia elétrica da PUC – Rio (ii) as contas (Faturas) da concessionária local. A seguir, faz-se uma analise econômica de investimentos que possa dimensionar o número ótimo de geradores de energia elétrica necessários para diminuir o custo deste investimento, tudo isto no setor comercial e no horário de ponta. As duas metodologias se ajustam a perfis reais de consumo, nos quais não se têm acesso a todos os dados desejados. Para validar as duas metodologias, utilizaram-se dados reais de consumo de energia elétrica cada 15 minutos e durante quatro anos da PUC - Rio. A primeira metodologia mostra a geração das curvas de Capacidade de Carga fazendo uso da Função Densidade de Probabilidade, com dados de um mês qualquer. A segunda metodologia mostra como gerar a curva de Capacidade de Carga somente com as faturas fornecidas pela concessionária. Utilizou-se um programa computacional para a solução de sistemas de equações polinomiais de terceiro grau.
Any activity in modern society is only possible with intensive and efficient use of energy. Among the various forms of energy the most important are those that are processed by companies and distributed to consumers, such as electricity. This work presents the development of two methodologies that will allow us to generate load capacity curves from (i) Random data obtained from power consumption of the PUC - Rio (ii) Bills (invoices) from the local utility company. With this data we will do an economic analysis of investment performed. This analysis can help us choose the optimum number of generators of electrical energy required to reduce the cost of the electricity supplied, all within the framework of the commercial sector and at peak hours. Both methods will be validated with the real power consumption, every fifteen minutes during four years from the energy profile of the PUC - Rio. The first method shows how we can generate load capacity curves making use of a statistic function called Probability Density, using data of any month. The second method shows how one can create the load capacity curves with only the invoices obtained from the local utility company. For this second methodology the program EES (Engineering Equation Solver) was used to solve systems of polynomial equations of the third degree.
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Grahn, Pontus. "Utilization of a tailormade condition monitoring device for third party motors." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235281.
Abstract:
Our society moves towards digitalization and the industry is not an exception. Siemenshas developed a wireless condition monitoring device called Simotics Connect in order tohelp them to move forward in the world of digitalization. The Simotics Connect has threeinbuilt sensors. One for temperature, one for vibrations and one for magnetic flux density,a product that is new in the market. This master thesis has investigated its usability forthird party motors, which has not been done.Four areas were investigated, the status in the current market, creating a motorgeometry estimation based on nameplate data, presenting a temperature model to calculatea motor’s cross section temperature and, finally, proposed a stator current model using themagnetic field measurement.Market research has shown that a space for the Simotics Connect to thrive in mostdefinitely exists.The motor geometry estimation, that is based on preliminary electromagnetic sizing,creates a digital twin for the motor that has sufficient accuracy as a tool when calculatinge.g. temperature calculations but lacks accuracy for more advanced and sensitivecalculations e.g for magnetic flux density measurement usability.The temperature model that is presented shows great accuracy when calculating thecross section temperature in the stator but the accuracy decreases for the cross sectiontemperature in the rotor.A stator current model is proposed using a proportional relationship between themagnetic flux density and stator current. The results indicates a linear relationship, thoughusing the digital twin to calculate the proportional constant were concluded to not beaccurate enough.Sammhället rör sig idag mot digitalisering och industrin är ej ett undantag. Siemens harutvecklat en trådlös underhållsmätare kallad Simotics Connect för att hjälpa dem strävamot en värld inom digitalisering. Simotics Connect hat tre inbyggda sensorer. En för temperatur,en för vibrationer och en för magnetisk flödestäthet, vilket är nytt på marknaden.Detta masterprojekt har undersökt användningen av Simotics Connect för tredjepartsmotorer,vilket ej har gjorts tidigare.Fyra områden undersöktes, statusen på den nuvarande marknaden, en motorgeometriuppskattningmodellbaserad på namnskylsdata, en temperaturmodell för att beräknamotorns tvärsnittstemperatur och, slutligen, en statorströmmodell som använder sig avmagnetiska flödestäthetsmätningen.Marknadsundersökningen har visat att det finns ett utrymme för Simotics Connectatt blomstra inom på den nuvarande marknaden.Motorns geometriska uppskattning, som är baserad i preliminär elektromagnetiskgeometribestämning, skapar en digital tvilling av motorn som är tillräckligt noggrann föratt aggera som ett verktyg vid t.ex. temperatursberäkningar men saknar noggrannhet förmer avancerade och känsliga beräkningar, t ex för användbarhet inom magnetisk flödestäthetsberäkningar.Temperaturmodellen som presenteras visar stor noggrannhet vid beräkning av statornstvärsnittstemperatur, men noggrannheten minskar för rotorns tvärsnittstemperatur.En statorströmmodell föreslås med ett proportionellt förhållande mellan magnetflödesdensitetenoch statorströmmen. Resultaten indikerar ett linjärt förhållande, men användandetav den digitala tvillingen för att beräkna proportionell konstant konstateras attinte vara tillräckligt noggrann metod.
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Nguyen, Huy Cuong. "Modélisation électrothermique de système électrique électronique automobile et pilotage de mosfet intelligents pour protéger les faisceaux, éviter les courts circuits aggravés et diminuer la masse de câblage." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14776/document.
Abstract:
Sur les différents calculateurs du véhicule, de plus en plus d'organes sont commandés par un interrupteur en silicium (circuit MOSFET) au lieu d'un relais. En plus de la fonction de commutation de puissance, le MOSFET peut comprendre un dispositif de mesure du courant afin de contrôler le pilotage de l'organe et/ou assurer une fonction de diagnostic. On appelle ce type de composant un commutateur intelligent de puissance ou Smart Switch. Il est aussi prévu dans le Smart Switch un dispositif de coupure du courant, en cas d'échauffement interne dû à une surintensité électrique. Avec les dernières avancées technologiques, ces composants peuvent aussi intégrer de la logique de pilotage et une interface de liaison numérique avec un microprocesseur. Cette dernière caractéristique motive lesujet de l'étude afin de définir des lois de protection améliorées contre les échauffements dus à une surintensité électrique.En effet, d’un point de vue de la protection électrique, le MOSFET a été conçu pour obtenir les mêmes caractéristiques qu’un fusible, avec la possibilité supplémentaire d’être réenclenché comme un disjoncteur. Le but est d’étudier les lois de pilotage qui pourraient permettre de mieux suivre les limites thermiques d’un conducteur électrique, en particulier dans les faibles surintensités, de façon à pouvoir diminuer le diamètre (donc le coût) des fils tout en assurant une meilleure protection face aux courts circuits impédants (courts-circuits sur une résistance un peu inférieure à la résistance nominale ducircuit, dans un rapport entre 1 et 3 par exemple)On various vehicles Electronic Control Unit (ECU), more and more members are controlled bya MOSFET circuits instead of a relay. In addition to the power switching function, the MOSFET maymeasure the current to the steering control of the body and / or to ensure that a diagnostic function. Wecall this type of component a smart power switch or Smart Switch. It is also provided in the SmartSwitch device power failure, if the internal heating caused by electrical current. With the latesttechnology, these components can also integrate control logic and an interface for connection to adigital microprocessor. This last characteristic motivates the subject of study in order to defineimproved protection laws against overheating caused by an electrical current.Indeed, from the point of view of electrical protection, the MOSFET has been designed toachieve the same characteristics as a fuse, with the additional possibility to be reset as a circuit breaker.The aim is to study the control laws that could lead to better monitor the thermal limits of an electricalconductor, especially in low current, so as to reduce the diameter (hence the cost) of son while ensuringbetter protection against short-circuit-impedance (short circuit resistance of a little less than thenominal resistance of the circuit, in a ratio between 1 and 3 for example)
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Pornet, Clément [Verfasser], Mirko [Akademischer Betreuer] Hornung, Mirko [Gutachter] Hornung, and Manfred [Gutachter] Hajek. "Conceptual Design Methods for Sizing and Performance of Hybrid-Electric Transport Aircraft / Clément Pornet ; Gutachter: Mirko Hornung, Manfred Hajek ; Betreuer: Mirko Hornung." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162621184/34.
42
Putra, Wing Hendroprasetyo Akbar. "Use of alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique for sizing internal surface defects on thin-walled austenitic stainless steel pipes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0030/MQ47469.pdf.
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Basma, Hussein. "Energy management strategies for battery electric bus fleet." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://thesesprivees.mines-paristech.fr/2020/2020UPSLM036_archivage.pdf.
Abstract:
Les bus électriques à batterie (BEB) représentent une solution prometteuse pour remplacer les flottes de bus diesel actuelles consommant des énergies fossiles grâce à leur efficacité énergétique élevée et à leur potentiel de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et à l’absence d’émissions de polluants atmosphériques locaux. Cependant, cette technologie doit faire face à plusieurs défis, en particulier le coût total de possession (TCO) élevé et des contraintes opérationnelles comme l’autonomie des bus, le temps et le lieu de recharge. Cette thèse présente une méthodologie systématique qui vise à développer des solutions pour surmonter ces défis en fournissant un dimensionnement des batteries et une stratégie de recharge optimales pour les BEB. D'abord, un modèle énergétique multi-physique de bus est développé pour évaluer ses besoins énergétiques en prenant en considération ses différents systèmes énergétiques. Ensuite, la consommation d'énergie du bus est évaluée dans plusieurs conditions de fonctionnement afin de quantifier sa consommation d'énergie réelle. Un modèle techno-économique d'une ligne de bus est développé afin d'évaluer l'impact des différentes stratégies de dimensionnement et de recharge des batteries sur les coûts et le fonctionnement du BEB. Ensuite, un modèle TCO est introduit en tenant compte les coûts unitaires BEB, les coûts d'achat et de remplacement des batteries, les coûts d'électricité, les coûts d'infrastructure et de maintenance. L'analyse des résultats d’un cas d’étude à Paris souligne les compromis entre le TCO et les perturbations et les retards des horaires du BEB en fonction des différentes tailles de batterie et stratégies de recharge. Enfin, une méthodologie minimisant le TCO est proposée en déterminant un dimensionnement des batteries et une stratégie de recharge optimales pour la flotte de BEB tout en garantissant l'absence de perturbation des horaires ou des interruptions du service. Elle repose sur une optimisation en deux étapes qui utilise à la fois la programmation dynamique et un algorithme génétique. Les résultats montrent que la méthodologie proposée pourrait réduire le TCO du BEB entre 15-25% par rapport aux approches actuellement adoptéesInitiatives to decrease emissions from the transport sector are increasing worldwide by seeking alternative technologies to replace oil-based mobility. Battery Electric Buses (BEB) present a promising solution thanks to their high energy efficiency, low greenhouse gas emissions and the absence of local pollutant emissions. However, this technology still faces many challenges, especially its high total cost of ownership (TCO) and other operational factors such as the limited bus driving range, the high energy refueling time, and the required charging technologies and strategies. In this context, this thesis presents a systematic methodology that aims at developing solutions to help overcoming these challenges by providing optimal battery sizing and charging strategy for BEB. First, a comprehensive multi-physical bus energy model is developed to evaluate its energy needs considering all the energy systems encountered within. The energy consumption of the bus is then evaluated at a variety of operating conditions. Then, a techno-economic model of an entire bus line is developed in order to assess the impact of different battery sizing and charging strategies on the costs and operation of BEB. A TCO model is introduced considering the BEB unit costs, battery purchase and replacement costs, energy and power costs, infrastructure, and maintenance costs. A case study in Paris city is presented and the analysis reveals the resulting tradeoff between the TCO and BEB schedule disruptions and delays as function of different battery sizes and charging strategies. A methodology to minimize the TCO of BEB deployment is presented providing the optimal battery sizing and charging strategy for BEB, while respecting the BEB operation constraints. The methodology is a 2-step optimization algorithm that utilizes both Dynamic programming and Genetic Algorithm optimization routines. The results show that the proposed methodology could reduce the BEB TCO between 15-25% compared to the currently adopted approaches to deploy BEB
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Devillers, Nathalie. "Caractérisation et modélisation de composants de stockage électrochimique et électrostatique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838733.
Abstract:
Dans le domaine aéronautique, l'optimisation du rendement énergétique global, la réduction des masses embarquées et la nécessité de répondre aux besoins énergétiques croissants conduisent à développer de nouvelles technologies et méthodes pour générer l'énergie électrique à bord, pour la distribuer, la convertir et la stocker. Dans cette thèse, des éléments de stockage de l'énergie électrique sont caractérisés dans l'optique d'être modélisés. Parmi les différents systèmes de stockage, présentés dans un état de l'art préliminaire, sont retenus les supercondensateurs et les accumulateurs électrochimiques Lithium-ion polymère, considérés respectivement comme des sources de puissance et d'énergie, à l'échelle de l'application. Ces moyens de stockage sont caractérisés par chronopotentiométrie à courant constant et par spectrométrie d'impédance électrochimique. Les essais sont éffectués dans des conditions expérimentales, définissant le domaine de validités des modèles, en cohérence avec les contraintes de l'application finale. Différents modèles sont alors développés en fonction de leur utilisation : des modèles simples, fonctionnels et suffisants pour la gestion globale d'énergie et des modèles dynamiques, comportementaux et nécessaires pour l'analyse de la qualité du réseau. Ils sont ensuite validés sur des profils de mission. Pour disposer d'un système de stockage performant et en adéquation avec les besoins énergétiques de l'aéronef, une méthode de dimensionnement est proposée, associant des composants de stockage complémentaires. Un gestion fréquentielle des sources est mise en oeuvre de manière à minimiser la masse du système de stockage.
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Kovaltchouk, Thibaut. "Contributions à la co-optimisation contrôle-dimensionnement sur cycle de vie sous contrainte réseau des houlogénérateurs directs." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0033/document.
Abstract:
Les Energies Marines Renouvelables (EMR) se développent aujourd’hui très vite tant au niveau de la recherche amont que de la R&D, et même des premiers démonstrateurs à la mer. Parmi ces EMR, l'énergie des vagues présente un potentiel particulièrement intéressant. Avec une ressource annuelle brute moyenne estimée à 40 kW/m au large de la côte atlantique, le littoral français est plutôt bien exposé. Mais l’exploitation à grande échelle de cette énergie renouvelable ne sera réalisable et pertinente qu'à condition d'une bonne intégration au réseau électrique (qualité) ainsi que d'une gestion et d'un dimensionnement optimisé au sens du coût sur cycle de vie. Une première solution de génération tout électrique pour un houlogénérateur a d’abord été évaluée dans le cadre de la thèse de Marie RUELLAN menée sur le site de Bretagne du laboratoire SATIE (ENS de Cachan). Ces travaux ont mis en évidence le potentiel de viabilité économique de cette chaîne de conversion et ont permis de poser la question du dimensionnement de l’ensemble convertisseur-machine et de soulever les problèmes associés à la qualité de l’énergie produite. Puis une seconde thèse a été menée par Judicaël AUBRY dans la même équipe de recherche. Elle a consisté, entre autres, en l’étude d’une première solution de traitement des fluctuations de la puissance basée sur un système de stockage par supercondensateurs. Une méthodologie de dimensionnement de l’ensemble convertisseur-machine et de gestion de l’énergie stockée fut également élaborée, mais en découplant le dimensionnement et la gestion de la production d’énergie et de ceux de son système de stockage. Le doctorant devra donc : 1. S’approprier les travaux antérieurs réalisés dans le domaine de la récupération de l’énergie des vagues ainsi que les modèles hydrodynamiques et mécaniques réalisés par notre partenaire : le LHEEA de l’Ecole Centrale de Nantes - 2. Résoudre le problème du couplage entre dimensionnement/gestion de la chaîne de conversion et dimensionnement/gestion du système de stockage. 3. Participer à la réalisation d’un banc test à échelle réduite de la chaine électrique et valider expérimentalement les modèles énergétiques du stockage et des convertisseurs statiques associés - 4. Proposer une méthodologie de dimensionnement de la chaine électrique intégrant le stockage et les lois de contrôle préalablement élaborées 5. Déterminer les gains en termes de capacités de stockage obtenus grâce à la mutualisation de la production (parc de machines) et évaluer l’intérêt d’un stockage centralisé - 6. Analyser l’impact sur le réseau d’une production houlogénérée selon divers scenarii, modèles et outils développés par tous les partenaires dans le cadre du projet QUALIPHE. L’exemple traité sera celui de l’Ile d’Yeu (en collaboration avec le SyDEVThe work of this PhD thesis deals with the minimization of the per-kWh cost of direct-drive wave energy converter, crucial to the economic feasibility of this technology. Despite the simplicity of such a chain (that should provide a better reliability compared to indirect chain), the conversion principle uses an oscillating system (a heaving buoy for example) that induces significant power fluctuations on the production. Without precautions, such fluctuations can lead to: a low global efficiency, an accelerated aging of the fragile electrical components and a failure to respect power quality constraints. To solve these issues, we firstly study the optimization of the direct drive wave energy converter control in order to increase the global energy efficiency (from wave to grid), considering conversion losses and the limit s from the sizing of an electrical chain (maximum force and power). The results point out the effect of the prediction horizon or the mechanical energy into the objective function. Production profiles allow the study of the flicker constraint (due to grid voltage fluctuations) linked notably to the grid characteristics at the connection point. Other models have also been developed to quantify the aging of the most fragile and highly stressed components, namely the energy storage system used for power smoothing (with super capacitors or electrochemical batteries Li-ion) and power semiconductors.Finally, these aging models are used to optimize key design parameters using life-cycle analysis. Moreover, the sizing of the storage system is co-optimized with the smoothing management
46
Konate, Lamine Boubacar. "Modélisation de la tenue diélectrique dans les grands intervalles d'air : application aux intervalles complexes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC040.
Abstract:
Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de la décharge positive dans les grands intervalles d’air. L’objectif initial est de se doter d’un modèle capable de déterminer la tension U50 ainsi que le facteur d’intervalle k, deux facteurs importants entrant dans le dimensionnement des ouvrages hautes tensions, dans des géométries complexes. Pour ce faire un bilan des modèles de la décharge disponibles dans la littérature a été fait. Notre choix s’est porté sur le modèle de type circuit développé par le groupe du professeur Beroual et appliqué aussi bien à la décharge positive qu’à la décharge négative. Ce modèle est basé sur un schéma électrique équivalent, ses paramètres variant avec le temps en fonction des caractéristiques du canal et de la géométrie de la décharge. La propagation du leader est basée sur un critère lié au calcul du champ à sa tête et où le caractère aléatoire du trajet de la décharge est pris en compte. Comme la plupart des modèles présents dans la littérature, ce modèle ne s’intéresse qu’à l’intervalle de type pointe-plan. Une partie de ce travail a consisté à étendre le domaine d’applicabilité de ce modèle aux intervalles de géométrie complexes. Une étude détaillée de la géométrie pointe-pointe nous a permis de valider notre modèle dans sa capacité à simuler un exemple d’intervalle complexe. De plus, des essais expérimentaux nous ont permis de comparer la valeur de la U50 déterminée à l’aide de notre modèle et celle issue des expériences pour cette géométrie pointe-pointe. Les résultats obtenus sont en bon accord avec une marge d’erreur inférieure à 5%. Au vu du bon accord résultant de la confrontation modèle - expérience de laboratoire et de la grande similarité, grande étincelle - décharge atmosphérique, un modèle de foudre positif a été élaboré. Ce modèle nous a permis d’utiliser pour la première fois le modèle circuit pour modéliser le processus d’attachement de la foudre. Les résultats obtenues permettent de valider la faisabilité de trouver, aux méthodes standards de protection contre la foudre, une alternative numérique basé sur une simulation de la foudre. Une estimation du champ rayonné par le canal du leader a été effectuée. Ce qui ouvre une voie à l’étude de l’interaction de ces champs rayonnés avec les systèmes d’ingénierieThis thesis is devoted to the study of the positive discharge in large air gaps. The initial goal is to develop a model able to determine the voltage U50 and the k-factor, two important factors involved in the design of high voltage structures in complex geometries. To do this, a review of the discharge models available in the literature was done. We chose the circuit model developed by Professor Beroual’s group and applied to the positive discharge and also to the negative discharge. This model is based on an equivalent circuit diagram, his parameters varying with time according to the leader channel characteristics and the geometry of the discharge. The spread of the leader is based on a criterion related to the calculation of the field at its head and where the randomness of the discharge path is taken into account. As most of models found in the literature, this model applies only to the point-plane type interval. Part of this work was to extend the domain of applicability of this model to complex geometries. A detailed study of the rod-rod gap allowed us to validate our model in its ability to simulate an example of complex geometry. Moreover, experimental tests allowed us to compare the value of the U50 voltage determined using our model and the one from experiments for to this rod-rod geometry. The results are in good agreement with a margin of error of less than 5%. Given the good agreement resulting from the confrontation model - laboratory experience and the great similarity, large spark - atmospheric discharge, a positive lightning model was developed. This model allowed us to use for the first time the circuit model to model the lightning attachment process. The results obtained allow to validate the feasibility to find, to the standard methods of protection against lightning, digital alternative based on a simulation of lightning. An estimate of the field radiated by the leader channel was performed. This opens a way for the study of the interaction of these fields radiated with engineering systems
47
Allali, Nicolas. "Convertisseur haut rendement à dimensionnement réduit pour batterie hybridée puissance/énergie de véhicule électrique : Principe de source de courant contrôlée." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0018/document.
Abstract:
Ce mémoire présente une solution de conversion d’énergie permettant de couplerdeux sources de tension électrique similaire à dimensionnement réduit. Appliqué à un système de stockage hybridé puissance/énergie pour véhicule électrique, cette solution présente un compromis de coût de production, de masse et de rendement énergétique meilleur que celui des hacheurs classiques. Nous proposons en réponse à cette problématique l’utilisation d’une source de courant contrôlée placée en série avec les deux sources de tension pour réaliser leur couplage. Une structure de convertisseur permettant ce couplage est étudiée, puis comparée à une structure classique, et enfin réalisée au travers d’un démonstrateur à échelle de tension réduite afin de mettre en évidence ses avantages et inconvénientsThis thesis deals with the development of a power conversion solution, allowing for the coupling of two similar voltage sources. Applied to a combined battery storage sys-tem power/energy for electric vehicles, the proposed solution presents a compromise between production costs, mass and energy performance, providing a better solution than those currently in existence. As such, the two voltage sources are coupled in series with a controlled current source. A structure of the converter allowing the coupling is studied and compared to a classic structure. Finally a demonstrator on a reduced voltage scale has been realized and shows advantages of this converter solution
48
Sadoun, Redha. "Intérêt d’une Source d’Energie Electrique Hybride pour véhicule électrique urbain – dimensionnement et tests de cyclage." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0009/document.
Abstract:
Actuellement, la principale source d’énergie embarquée dans les véhicules électriques est composée de batteries Li-ion. Cette thèse fait partie des thématiques communes de travail que mène L’ESTACA en collaboration avec le L2EP. L’objectif ce projet est d’étudier l’apport d’une source hybride composée de batteries Li-ion et des supercondensateurs, sur les performances d’un véhicule électrique urbain.Dans un premier temps, une stratégie de gestion d’energie basée sur l’approche des règles déterministes a été appliquée pour montrer l’intérêt de l’association des différentes technologies de batterie Li-ion (haute puissance, haute énergie) avec le supercondensateur en fonction de l’autonomie voulue. Cette étude nous a permis de proposer une solution optimale (poids, volume, coût..) composée d’une batterie énergétique et un supercondensateur.Dans la deuxième partie, on a suivie l’évolution du vieillissement des deux de deux batteries de type haute puissance et hautes énergie dans, respectivement, les configurations mono-source et hybride. Pour réaliser cette étude, un banc de tests, destiné au cyclage et la caractérisation des systèmes de stockage, a été utilisé. Les résultats obtenus, offriront la possibilité de se prononcer sur le type de batteries Li-ion qui pourrait être le plus intéressant pour l’alimentation des véhicules électriquesCurrently, the main embedded storage system supplying the electric vehicles is composed of Li-ion batteries. This thesis is one of the common themes of work that ESTACA leads in collaboration with L2EP. The objective of this work is to study the interest of a hybrid source composed of Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors to supply an urban electric.Firstly, an energy management strategy based on deterministic rules is developed to control the power between the battery and supercapacitor. To demonstrate the combination utility, different Li-ion battery technologies (Li-ion high power, high-Li-ion energy) are used on the sizing step. Through this study, we could propose an optimal solution (masses, volumes, costs...) consisting of battery and supercapacitor. In the second part, we have followed the evolution of capacity and the internal resistance losses of high power and high energy batteries type in, respectively, single-source and hybrid configurations. For this study, a test bench, developed for cycling and characterization of storage systems, was used. The results obtained provide the opportunity to choose Li-ion battery technology that could be the most interesting for the supply of electric vehicles
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Cortez, Ernest. "Aportaciones al dimensionamiento y gestión de energía de un tren de potencia eléctrico híbrido para vehículos industriales con ciclos de conducción repetitivos y agresivos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668254.
Abstract:
Currently, the interest for helping mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases caused by high fuel consumption in industrial vehicles has increased. In order to the reduction of fuel consumption in an industrial vehicle, it has been proposed to incorporate into the powertrain a system capable of storing and supplying electrical energy. Consequently, the design of a hybrid electric powertrain is required, based on the interconnection of the elements (topology), the sizing of the elements and/or the energy management strategy of the powertrain.
This paper presents a methodology for the design of a hybrid electric vehicle for refuse collection, which presents a repetitive and aggressive drive cycle as a result of work activity. The proposed methodology consists in modeling the behavior of a hybrid electric powertrain, considering the electrical behavior of various energy accumulation elements (batteries and supercapacitors). An embedded system is used to perform the experimental characterization of a cell and a commercial supercapacitor, in order to approximate the behavior through an electric model.
In accordance with a real drive cycle of a refuse collection vehicle, the energy demand for a hybrid electric refuse collection vehicle is determined. On the other hand, the fuel consumption is calculated from a hybrid electric powertrain that integrates an energy storage system or a hybrid energy storage system.
A bio-inspired metaheuristic based on a stochastic population (particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm) is developed, in order to determine an optimal solutions space. Subsequently, the optimal sizing of an energy storage system (batteries) and a hybrid energy storage system (batteries and supercapacitors) is performed, considering different mono-objective and multi-objective optimization problems. Based on the results of each optimization problem, a comparative analysis is carried out with an element of commercial accumulation.
Considering a hybrid electric powertrain that integrates a hybrid energy storage system (batteries and supercapacitors), an energy management strategy based on fuzzy logic is developed. This includes the identification of the vehicle status from a real drive cycle. Finally, the validation of the energy management strategy is carried out through the model of a hybrid electric vehicle for refuse collection.Actualmente, se ha incrementado el interés por mitigar la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero que se produce por un elevado consumo de combustible en vehículos industriales. Con la intención de contribuir en la reducción del consumo de combustible de un vehículo industrial, se ha propuesto incorporar al tren de potencia un sistema capaz de almacenar y suministrar energía eléctrica. En consecuencia, surge la necesidad de realizar el diseño de un tren de potencia eléctrico híbrido, a partir de la interconexión de los elementos (topología), el dimensionamiento de los elementos y/o la estrategia de gestión de energía del tren de potencia. En el presente trabajo se presenta una metodología para realizar el diseño de un vehículo eléctrico híbrido de recolección de basura, que presenta un ciclo de conducción repetitivo y agresivo como resultado de la actividad laboral. La metodología propuesta consiste en modelar el comportamiento de un tren de potencia eléctrico híbrido, considerando el comportamiento eléctrico de diversos elementos de acumulación de energía híbrido (baterías y supercapacitores). Se emplea un sistema embebido para realizar la caracterización experimental de una celda y un supercapacitor comercial, con el propósito de aproximar el comportamiento a través de un modelo eléctrico. En función de un ciclo de conducción real de un vehículo de recolección de basura se determina la demanda de energía para un vehículo eléctrico híbrido de recolección de basura. Por otra parte, se calcula el consumo de combustible a partir de un tren de potencia eléctrico híbrido que integra un sistema de almacenamiento de energía o un sistema de almacenamiento de energía híbrido. Se desarrolla una metaheurística bio-inspirada basada en una población estocástica) para determinar un espacio de soluciones óptimas. Posteriormente, se realiza el dimensionamiento óptimo de un sistema de almacenamiento de energía (baterías) y un sistema de almacenamiento de energía híbrido (baterías y supercapacitores), considerando diferentes problemas de optimización mono-objetivo y multi-objetivo. Con base en los resultados de cada problema de optimización, se procede a realizar un análisis comparativo con un elemento de acumulación comercial. Considerando un tren de potencia eléctrico híbrido que integra un sistema de almacenamiento de energía híbrido (baterías y supercapacitores), se desarrolla una estrategia de gestión de energía basada en lógica difusa, que incluye la identificación del estado del vehículo a partir de un ciclo de conducción real. Finalmente, se realiza la validación de la estrategia de gestión de energía a través del modelo de un vehículo eléctrico híbrido de recolección de basura.
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Mkahl, Rania. "Contribution à la modélisation, au dimensionnement et à la gestion des flux énergétiques d’un système de recharge de véhicules électriques : étude de l’interconnexion avec le réseau électrique." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0264/document.
Abstract:
La forte dépendance du pétrole et les contraintes écologiques et environnementales obligent de nombreux constructeurs automobiles à développer des programmes de recherche importants dans le développement des véhicules électriques (VEs) et des infrastructures associées. Les batteries embarquées dans les VEs peuvent être rechargées par le réseau électrique ou par une autre source d'énergie renouvelable. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse a pour but d'étudier un système de recharge de VEs à partir de l'énergie solaire. Pour ce faire, une étude de dimensionnement du système a été proposée afin d'évaluer les besoins énergétiques des VEs et déterminer les quantités d'énergie nécessaires pour les propulser. Les éléments principaux du système ont été dimensionnés. Il s'agit de panneaux photovoltaïques, de la batterie de stockage (au plomb), et de la batterie de traction (Li-ion). A partir de cette étude de dimensionnement, nous avons pu déterminer la puissance et la quantité d'énergienécessaire pour propulser un VE compte tenu de ses caractéristiques. Pour étudier le comportement des différents éléments du système et analyser leur adéquation avec le processus de recharge, une étude de modélisation a été réalisée, et chaque élément est représenté par un modèle mathématique. L'analyse et la comparaison des résultats obtenus (résultats de simulation et résultats expérimentaux) ont permis de valider les modèles proposés. De même, cette étude de modélisation a permis de valider le choix des composants du système de recharge. Dans le but de gérer efficacement les processus et les planifications de recharge, une étude d'optimisation d'affectation de VEs aux stations de recharge a été effectuée. Pour ce faire, le problème a été formalisé par un programme linéaire avec un objectif à atteindre et des contraintes, liées aux caractéristiques des VEs, des stations de recharge et des conditions de circulation, à satisfaire. Cette approche a permis d'affecter, de manière adéquate et optimale, les VEs aux stations de rechargeThe strong dependence on oil and ecological and environmental constraints force many car manufacturers to develop new research programs for the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) and associated infrastructures. The embedded batteries into the EVs can be charged by the electrical network or by another source of renewable energy. In this context, the work presented in this thesis aims to study a system of EVs charging using solar energy through photovoltaic panels. To do so, a sizing study of the system has been proposed in order to evaluate the energy needs for an EV and determine the quantity of required energy for its propel. The key elements of the system have been sized: photovoltaic panels, storage battery (Lead-acid) and traction battery (Li-ion). From this sizing study and considering the EV characteristics, we determined the energy quantity required for itspropel. With the aim to study the behavior of each system component and analyze its adequacy with the charging process, a modeling study was conducted, and each element is represented by a mathematical model. The performed analysis and comparison of obtained results (simulation results and experimental results) allowed us to validate the developed models. In addition, this modeling study, allowed the validation of the choice of all components of charging system. In fact, the problem was formalized by a linear program with the aim to assign each EV to an adequate charging station. The assignment takes into account various constraints and characteristics of EVs, as well as those of charging stations, traffic conditions, interest points of drivers, etc. The proposed approach allowed to assign adequately and optimally EVs to charging stations while satisfying all constraints