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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrical resistance'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Electrical resistance.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 May 2022

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1

Wang, S. C., and P. S. Wei. "Modeling Dynamic Electrical Resistance During Resistance Spot Welding." Journal of Heat Transfer 123, no. 3 (November 28, 2000): 576–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1370502.

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Dynamic electrical resistance during resistance spot welding has been quantitatively modeled and analyzed in this work. A determination of dynamic resistance is necessary for predicting the transport processes and monitoring the weld quality during resistance spot welding. In this study, dynamic resistance is obtained by taking the sum of temperature-dependent bulk resistance of the workpieces and contact resistances at the faying surface and electrode-workpiece interface within an effective area corresponding to the electrode tip where welding current primarily flows. A contact resistance is composed of constriction and film resistances, which are functions of hardness, temperature, electrode force, and surface conditions. The temperature is determined from the previous study in predicting unsteady, axisymmetric mass, momentum, heat, species transport, and magnetic field intensity with a mushy-zone phase change in workpieces, and temperature and magnetic fields in the electrodes of different geometries. The predicted nugget thickness and dynamic resistance versus time show quite good agreement with available experimental data. Excluding expulsion, the dynamic resistance curve can be divided into four stages. A rapid decrease of dynamic resistance in stage 1 is attributed to decreases in contact resistances at the faying surface and electrode-workpiece interface. In stage 2, the increase in dynamic resistance results from the primary increase of bulk resistance in the workpieces and an increase of the sum of contact resistances at the faying surface and electrode-workpiece interface. Dynamic resistance in stage 3 decreases, because increasing rate of bulk resistance in the workpieces and contact resistances decrease. In stage 4 the decrease of dynamic resistance is mainly due to the formation of the molten nugget at the faying surface. The molten nugget is found to occur in stage 4 rather than stage 2 or 3 as qualitatively proposed in the literature. The effects of different parameters on the dynamic resistance curve are also presented.

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2

Montes, Juan M., Jesus Cintas, Francicso Gomez Cuevas, and José A. Rodríguez. "Electrical Resistance Sintering of M.A. Al-5AlN Powders." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1225.

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In this work, mechanically alloyed Al-5AlN powders have been sintered by the Electrical Resistance Sintering (E.R.S.) technique. A die of alumina-base refractory concrete has been employed. Several electric intensity currents and passage times through the compact have been tested during the consolidation process. Compacts have been mechanically characterized by their hardness distribution and by an indirect tensile test. The obtained results are compared with the corresponding values of compacts prepared with the same powders by the conventional route of cold pressing and furnace sintering. Finally, for all the electrically consolidated compacts, the final porosity, as well as the average hardness and the strength in the indirect tensile test are empirically related to the electric energy supplied during the process. This energy is a function of the electric intensity current and passage time. The aforementioned empirical relationships are useful to select the best process conditions.

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3

Marinis, Thomas F., and Joseph W. Soucy. "Isolation Resistance of Encapsulated Electrical Conductors and Terminations for Biomedical Applications." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2015, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 000536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2015-tha11.

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Implanted electronic medical devices are evolving into architectures that are comprised of multiple packages that require reliable, high density electrical interconnections. Both power and digital signals must be routed between devices on cables that are immersed in an ionic, electrically conductive medium. Electronics are typically housed in hermetic packages with electrical feed throughs that must also be protected from the implant environment. The polymer materials used to encapsulate cable conductors and terminations must be biocompatible, compliant and of minimal thickness. These requirements result in materials that are susceptible to ion diffusion and migration in electric fields. We have used finite element models to explore the effects of geometries, electric field intensity and material properties on the time dependent electrical isolation resistance of cables and terminations. Simple beaker tests have been used to evaluate the isolation resistance of samples under bias as a function of time to validate our finite element models.

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4

Daily, William, Abelardo Ramirez, Andrew Binley, and Douglas LeBrecque. "Electrical resistance tomography." Leading Edge 23, no. 5 (May 2004): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1729225.

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5

Brodnan, Miroslav, Peter Koteš, Jan Vanerek, and Rostislav Drochytka. "Corrosion determination of reinforcement using the electrical resistance method." Materiali in tehnologije 51, no. 1 (February 14, 2017): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2015.217.

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6

Derevyanko, V. V. "Crystal structure and electrical resistance of Ni-W alloys." Functional materials 25, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 048–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm25.01.048.

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7

Penava, Željko, Diana Šimić Penava, and Željko Knezić. "Heat as a Conductivity Factor of Electrically Conductive Yarns Woven into Fabric." Materials 15, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031202.

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In recent years, more and more researchers have been focused on electrically conductive textiles that generate heat or transmit electrical signals and energy to embedded electrical components. In this paper, the dissipation of heat due to the flow of electric current at given voltages is investigated, and at the same time it is determined how this heat affects the change in the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive yarn in the immediate surroundings. Three fabric samples were woven in a plain weave with three types of different electrically conductive yarns. Three electrically conductive yarns are woven in parallel in the weft direction and separated from each other by one polyester (PES) yarn due to electrical insulaton. Conductive yarns are electrically connected so that the outer yarns are used for heating by the flow of electric current at a certain constant voltage, and the central yarn is used only to measure changes in electrical resistance. When electrothermally conductive fabrics are subjected to certain voltages over time, experimental results have shown that resistance values increase over a short period of time and then gradually decrease, while the temperature gradually increases and stabilizes over time. Based on the analysis of the obtained results of the ratio between the values of applied voltage and temperature to the electrically conductive yarns, the value of thermal dissipation in conductive yarns can be calculated in advance depending on the applied voltage. Furthermore, the obtained results can be further used in applications where conductive yarns are used as heaters for realistic prediction of the obtained heat.

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8

Chen, Yuan Cai, and Yun Di Wang. "Design and Implementation of Self-Learning Electrical Measurement System." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1265.

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Through the electrical parameters measurement technology of autonomic learning, understanding of the system hardware by regulating circuit, data acquisition card and computer. This paper, by learning to solve the traditional electrical parameters test method of testing process is not continuous, dynamic transient state is difficult to send now and positioning problem. Virtual instrument measuring instrument is based on the computer, it has many advantages compared with traditional instrument, has been developing rapidly in recent years. The system finished the electrician experiment of common electrical parameters such as: voltage, electric current; Dc voltage, electric current; a measure of the resistance, capacitance and inductance.

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9

Jensen, Steen Lund. "Double gloving—electrical resistance and surgeons' resistance." Lancet 355, no. 9203 (February 2000): 514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)00436-5.

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10

Pasichnyk, P., К. Gaba, and М. Kyrychenko. "Experimental research of electrical characteristics combined solar-electric air heater." Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply 36 (February 8, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2409-2606.2021.36.15-20.

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The development and improvement of solar equipment is a necessary step in the development of solar heating systems. One of the ways to develop solar air heaters is to use new materials for the production of solar absorbers. This expands the possibility of using nozzle and capillary-porous materials in contrast to liquid solar collectors. Development and research of air heating systems with equipment made of modern textile materials is relevant. For the manufacture of absorbers it is advisable to use textile materials. This will reduce the cost of solar collectors, as well as reduce their weight and capital costs. The absorber meets requirements for both solar thermal collectors and electric heaters: high absorption capacity of solar radiation; developed heat transfer surface; relevant physical properties: low mass, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, thermal resistance, low cost for cheaper solar system; sufficient electrical resistance. A combined solar-electric air heater has been developed, which combines two main elements of any solar system – a solar heat collector and an additional heat source, the absorber of which is made of carbon graphite knitted fabric. This reduces its cost and mass and allows them to be used on existing heating facilities without the construction of bulky supporting structures to accommodate solar fields. The combined solar-electric air heater can be used as an independent heat generator for heat supply systems. To use the proposed solar-electric air heater, it is necessary to heat its absorber with an electric current, so the material from which it is made must be electrically conductive, but have sufficient electrical resistance. The use of carbon-graphite knitted fabric allows the use the direct heating of the solar energy absorber by electric current due to the corresponding electrical characteristics. This article presents the results of an experimental study of the electrical resistivity of carbon-graphite knitted fabric. These studies allow determining the electrical power of the device regardless of the size of the device. The research results presented in the article can be used only for a certain type of carbon graphite knitted fabric.

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11

Abdullazyanov, E. Yu, E. I. Gracheva, A. N. Gorlov, Z. M. Shakurova, and A. G. Logacheva. "Influence of low-voltage electrical switching and protecting devices and parameters of electrical equipment on electricity losses in workshop power supply networks." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-3-3-13.

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THE PURPOSE. To develop an algorithm for estimating electricity losses, taking into account the influencing factors in the main circuits of shop power supply. To study the influence of the main parameters of electrical equipment on the equivalent resistance of the distribution busbar. METHODS. We use element-by-element methods for calculating active power losses using equivalent resistance on the example of a section of the main circuit of the shop network. Factors affecting the equivalent busbar resistance, such as the root-mean-square load factor, the load graph shape factor, the resistance of the contact connections of switching devices, and the ambient temperature, are investigated. RESULTS. The values of the resistances of the branch lines from the busbar are calculated taking into account the heating of the conductors and the resistances of the circuit breakers and magnetic starters installed on the line during the element-by-element calculation. The relations in the value of the equivalent resistance of the busbar to the values of the resistances of the contact connections of low-voltage electrical devices installed on the branch lines from the busbar, the values of the resistances of the branch lines taking into account heating, the value of the resistance of the busbar and the values of the resistance due to the heating of the busbar are revealed. CONCLUSIONS. The share of each of the studied parameters in the value of the equivalent resistance of the busbar is determined. The value of the relative error in determining the equivalent resistance of the busbar depending on the number of connected electric receivers and taking into account the studied parameters is calculated. The estimation of the value of the electricity losses of the section of the main scheme of the shop network was carried out in accordance with the daily schedule of the load of consumers.

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12

Trushkin, V. A., O. N. Churlyaeva, and R. V. Kozichev. "Justification of the active method of protecting the insulation of submersible electric motors." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912402003.

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The article provides an analysis of the properties of the working environment of submersible electrical equipment. The influence of the operating parameters of electrical equipment on the physical properties of the fluid (its electrically conductive properties) is considered. Mathematical confirmation of the implementation of electroosmosis in the capillaries of the insulation of submersible electric motors is given. The rationale for the active method of protecting submersible electrical equipment from reducing insulation resistance and preventing electrical breakdown is given.

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13

Looney, Ryan, and Lianwen Wang. "Resistances of Infinite Electrical Networks." International Journal of Applied Mathematical Research 10, no. 2 (August 11, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijamr.v10i2.31603.

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It is interesting to find the equivalent resistance between two nodes of an infinite electrical network. In this paper, we consider an infinite electrical network that can be described as a series of squares whose edges are resistors with resistance $R$ and whose corresponding vertices are joined successively by resistors with resistance $R$ as well. Our major work is to find the equivalent resistance between the diagonal vertices of the base square of this infinite network. First, we apply the techniques of balanced bridges and symmetry of voltages to convert each iteration of the network to a parallel circuit that includes the previous iteration. Then, we evaluate the equivalent resistance of each iteration of the network and derive a recursive sequence of equivalent resistances with iterations. After that, we prove that the recursive sequence is convergent using the contraction theorem in real analysis. Finally, we claim that the limit of the recursive sequence is the equivalent resistance of the infinite network.

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14

Koyano, Tomohiro, Yuki Sugata, Akira Hosokawa, and Tatsuaki Furumoto. "Micro electrical discharge machining using high electric resistance electrodes." Precision Engineering 47 (January 2017): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2016.10.003.

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15

Moriya, Kazumasa, and Hiroyuki Motoyama. "OS09W0184 Health monitoring of CFRP strand cables by electrical resistance method." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS09W0184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os09w0184.

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16

Wei, P. S., and T. H. Wu. "Electrical contact resistance effect on resistance spot welding." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 55, no. 11-12 (May 2012): 3316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.01.040.

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17

Ecsedi, István, Ákos József Lengyel, Attila Baksa, and Dávid Gönczi. "Bounds for the electrical resistance for homogeneous conducting body of rotation." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 11, no. 5 (2021): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2021.5.11.

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A mathematical model is developed for the steady-state electric current flow through in a homogeneous isotropic conductor whose shape is a body of rotation. The body of rotation considered is bounded by the coordinate surfaces of an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. The equations of the Maxwell’s theory of electric current flow in a homogeneous solid conductor body are used to formulate the corresponding electric boundary value problem. The studied steady-state conduction problem is axisymmetric. The determination of the steady motion of charges is based on the concept of the electrical conductance of the conductors the inverse of which is the electrical resistance. The exact (strict) value of the electrical resistance is known only for bodies with very simple shapes, therefore, the principles and the methods that can be used for creating lower and upper bounds to the numerical value of electrical resistance (electrical conductance) are important. The derivation of the upper and lower bound formulae for the electrical conductance of axisymmetric ring-like conductor is based on the two types of Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. The condition of equality of the derived lower and upper bounds is examined. Several examples illustrate the applications of the derived upper and lower bound formulae.

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18

Gilev, Sergey D., and Vladimir S. Prokopiev. "Electrical Resistivity of Aluminum under Shock Compression." Siberian Journal of Physics 16, no. 1 (2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-9447-2021-16-1-101-108.

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Electrical resistance measurements of aluminum foil are conducted under shock compression using the electric contact technique. Shock wave pressure p dependences of the electrical resistance R and the resistivity r are obtained for pressure range up to 22 GPa. The found dependence R(p) is a monotonically increasing smooth function of the pressure. The dependence r(p) is more complex: with increasing pressure, the electrical resistivity first decreases and then increases.

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19

Catania, Kenneth C. "Electrical Potential of Leaping Eels." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 89, no. 4 (2017): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000475743.

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When approached by a large, partially submerged conductor, electric eels (Electrophorus electricus) will often defend themselves by leaping from the water to directly shock the threat. Presumably, the conductor is interpreted as an approaching terrestrial or semiaquatic animal. In the course of this defensive behavior, eels first make direct contact with their lower jaw and then rapidly emerge from the water, ascending the conductor while discharging high-voltage volleys. In this study, the equivalent circuit that develops during this behavior was proposed and investigated. First, the electromotive force and internal resistance of four electric eels were determined. These values were then used to estimate the resistance of the water volume between the eel and the conductor by making direct measurements of current with the eel and water in the circuit. The resistance of the return path from the eel's lower jaw to the main body of water was then determined, based on voltage recordings, for each electric eel at the height of the defensive leap. Finally, the addition of a hypothetical target for the leaping defense was considered as part of the circuit. The results suggest the defensive behavior efficiently directs electrical current through the threat, producing an aversive and deterring experience by activating afferents in potential predators.

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20

Wu, Xiang-Fa, Zhengping Zhou, and Wang-Min Zhou. "Electrical contact resistance in filaments." Applied Physics Letters 100, no. 19 (May 7, 2012): 193115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4718019.

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21

Datta, Supriyo. "Electrical resistance: an atomistic view." Nanotechnology 15, no. 7 (May 19, 2004): S433—S451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/15/7/051.

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22

Bringuier, E. "The electrical resistance of vacuum." European Journal of Physics 34, no. 4 (May 7, 2013): 931–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/34/4/931.

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23

Gomes, M. A. F., and J. H. P. Soares. "Electrical resistance of crumpled surfaces." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 22, no. 7 (July 14, 1989): 989–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/22/7/019.

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24

Hassinger, Elena, and Tobias Meng. "Magnetic modification of electrical resistance." Science 365, no. 6451 (July 25, 2019): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay3059.

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25

Fryer, Peter, and Zhang Li. "Electrical resistance heating of foods." Trends in Food Science & Technology 4, no. 11 (November 1993): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-2244(93)90018-6.

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26

Hayat, Ahmad Zaenal, Agung Tjahjo Nugroho, and Nurul Priyantari. "Prototype Portable Electrical Resistance Tomography." IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science 32, no. 3 (January 8, 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j20882033.v32i3.8843.

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27

Chung, D. D. L. "OS02W0410 Damage evolution in cement-based materials, studied by electrical resistance measurements." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS02W0410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os02w0410.

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28

Todoroki, Akira, Keisuke Suzuki, Ryosuke Matsuzaki, and Yoshihiro Mizutani. "OS08-4-2 Electrical Resistance Change of CFRP Caused by Compression Loading." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS08–4–2—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os08-4-2-.

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29

Sławski, Sebastian, Marek Kciuk, and Wojciech Klein. "Assessment of SMA Electrical Resistance Change during Cyclic Stretching with Small Elongation." Sensors 21, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 6804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206804.

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In this article, changes in NiTi alloy (Flexinol) electrical resistance during cyclic stretching with small elongation were investigated. A dedicated test stand consisting of motorized vertical test stand, force gauge, and electric resistance measuring device with an accuracy of 0.006 Ω was developed. A dedicated control algorithm was developed using LabVIEW software. Changes in electrical resistance were investigated for the 0.1 mm Flexinol wire with length of 120 mm. Testing was performed in the elongation range between 0.25% and 1.5% in martensite phase. Tested samples were subjected to 30 stretching cycles with a movement speed of 10 mm/min. Obtained results show that the cyclic stretching of Flexinol wire reduces its electrical resistance with each stretching cycle. Moreover, it was noted that changes in Flexinol electrical resistance during cycling stretching depend on the assumed elongation and number of the already performed stretching cycles. The observed electrical resistance change decreases with each stretching cycle. Thus, the observed changes are greater during the first stretching cycles. For elongations exceeding 1%, the Flexinol electrical resistance in the first stretching cycle increases. In each subsequent cycle, electrical resistance decreases, as in the case of the smallest value of assumed elongation. In almost all tested cases (except in the case with 1.5% of assumed elongation), Flexinol electrical resistance after 30 stretching cycles was smaller than before the test.

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30

Arimieari, L. W., and J. O. Ademiluyi. "Sludge Filtration Resistance Model Based on Electrical Resistance Analogy." Journal of Environmental Protection 09, no. 01 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2018.91001.

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31

Książek, D., M. Koza, M. Bieroński, O. Krasa, and R. Kuś. "Examination of Electrical Resistance of Carburizers Used for Cast Iron Production." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0085.

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Abstract The publication presents the results of examination of selected carburizers used for cast iron production with respect to their electric resistance. Both the synthetic graphite carburizers and petroleum coke (petcoke) carburizers of various chemical composition were compared. The relationships between electrical resistance of tested carburizers and their quality were found. The graphite carburizers exhibited much better conductivity than the petcoke ones. Resistance characteristics were different for the different types of carburizers. The measurements were performed according to the authors’ own method based on recording the electric current flow through the compressed samples. The samples of the specified diameter were put under pressure of the gradually increased value (10, 20, 50, 60, and finally 70 bar), each time the corresponding value of electric resistance being measured with a gauge of high accuracy, equal to 0.1μΩ. The higher pressure values resulted in the lower values of resistance. The relation between both the thermal conductance and the electrical conductance (or the resistance) is well known and mentioned in the professional literature. The results were analysed and presented both in tabular and, additionally, in graphic form.

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32

Fellag, Sid. "Steady State and Dynamic Evaluation of Electrical Shaft System." Journal of Electrical Engineering 61, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-010-0040-5.

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Steady State and Dynamic Evaluation of Electrical Shaft System In this paper a steady state and dynamic assessment of electrical shaft with common resistance are performed. New steady state formulae that take into account the stator resistances are developed. The system is presented in a full version similar to individual induction machine in the dq frame but without stator resistance simplifications. It is found that the stator resistance is worth-taking into account.

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33

Dankat, Gideon Gwanzuwang, and Laurentiu Marius Dumitran. "Computation of the Electrical Resistance of a Low Current Multi-Spot Contact." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 2056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062056.

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In high complexity electrical systems such as those used in the automotive industries, electric connectors play an important role. The automotive industry is gradually shifting its attention to electric cars, which means more electrical connectors for sensors and data collection. A fault in connectors for sensors used in a vehicle can cause drastic damage to capital equipment and, in the worst case, the loss of life. The studies of faults or degradation of electrical contacts are essential for safety in vehicles and various industries. Although such faults can be due to numerous factors (such as dust, humidity, mechanical vibration, etc.) and some yet to be discovered, high contact resistance is the main factor causing erratic behavior of electrical contacts. This paper presents a study on the computation of electrical contact resistance of two metal conductors (in the form of a disk) with analytical relations and a numerical computation model based on the finite element method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics. The contact spots were considered to have a higher electrical resistivity value (ρcs) than those of the two metal conductors (ρCu). Studies such as the one in view that is carried out on a microscopic level are often difficult to investigate experimentally. Therefore, with the help of a simplified numerical model, the consequences of the degradation of electrical contacts are investigated. To validate the FEM model, the numerical results were compared to those obtained from analytical models.

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34

Hsu, Li-Shan, Pao-Chang Huang, Chih-Cheng Chou, Kung-Hsu Hou, Ming-Der Ger, and Gao-Liang Wang. "Effect of Nickel–Phosphorus and Nickel–Molybdenum Coatings on Electrical Ablation of Small Electromagnetic Rails." Coatings 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111082.

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The electromagnetic rail catapult is a device that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy, which means that the strength of electrical energy directly affects the muzzle speed of armature. In addition, the electrical conductivity, electromagnetic rails and armature surface roughness, and the holding force of the rail are influencing factors that cannot be ignored. However, the electric ablation on the surface of the electromagnetic rails caused by high temperatures seriously affects the service life performance of the electromagnetic catapult system. In this study, electrochemically deposited nickel-phosphorus and nickel-molybdenum alloy coatings are plated on the surface of electromagnetic iron rails and their effects on the reduction of ablation are investigated. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) detector, XRD (X-ray diffraction), 3D optical profiler, and Vickers microhardness tester are used. Our results show that the sliding velocity of the armature decreases slightly with the increased roughness of the rail coating surface. On the other hand, the area of electric ablation on the rail surface is inversely related to the hardness of the rail material. The electrically ablated surface areas of the rails are in: annealed nickel–molybdenum < nickel–molybdenum < annealed nickel–phosphorus < nickel–phosphorus < iron material. Heat treatment at 400 and 500 °C, respectively for Ni–P and Ni–Mo alloys, significantly increases hardness due to the precipitation of intermetallic compounds such as Ni3P and Ni4Mo phases. Comprehensive data analysis shows that the annealed nickel–molybdenum coating has the best electrical ablation wear resistance. The possible reason for that might be attributed to the high hardness of the heat-treated nickel–molybdenum coating. In addition, the thermal resistance capability of molybdenum is better than that of phosphorus, which might also contribute to the high wear resistance to electric ablation.

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35

Khan, Waseem S., Ramazan Asmatulu, and Mohamed M. Eltabey. "Electrical and Thermal Characterization of Electrospun PVP Nanocomposite Fibers." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/160931.

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Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions incorporated with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were electrospun at various weight percentages, and then the electrical resistance and some thermal properties of these nanocomposite fibers were determined using a high-accuracy electrical resistance measurement device. During the electrospinning process, system and process parameters, such as concentrations, applied voltage, tip-to-collector distance, and pump speeds, were optimized to receive the consistent nanocomposite fibers. When polymers are used in many industrial applications, they require high electrical and thermal conductivities. Most polymers exhibit low electrical conductivity values; however, in the presence of conductive inclusions, the electrical resistance of the MWCNT fibers was reduced from 50 MΩ to below 5 MΩ, which may be attributed to the higher electrical conductivities of these nanoscale inclusions and fewer voids under the applied loads. This study may open up new possibilities in the field for developing electrically conductive novel nanomaterials and devices for various scientific and technological applications.

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36

Liu, Kai Qi, Shou Zeng Wang, Yu Ding, and Yong Feng Liu. "Test Method and Equipment for Electrically Conducting Property of Ceramic/Carbon Composites." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.180.

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Ceramics/carbon composites have been used widely, Such as, the magnesia/carbon refractory was used in some DC electric arc furnaces as anode, because of its high temperature performance and electrical conduction. The ceramic/carbon composite was easily oxidized in high-temperature at atmosphere with oxide, so the test of high-temperature electrically conducting properties needs protection. This paper proposed a test method and equipment for specific resistance both in room and high temperature, according to the electrically conducting property of ceramics/carbon composite. And the specific resistance of magnesia/carbon composites (C content <20%) was tested by this equipment. It is showed that, as the carbon content growing, there is a threshold at which the specific resistance falls sharply. Moreover, as the heating temperature increasing, the composites’ specific resistance shows a “gradual- sudden- slow- comparatively steady” changing process. The minimal specific resistance level of the developed ceramics/carbon composite (C content<20%) is about 10-5Ω·m.

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Puzakov, A. V. "AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP’S FAULTS: RESULTS OF THE PHYSICAL MODELING." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 16, no. 5 (November 2, 2019): 592–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2019-5-592-604.

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Introduction. A significant proportion of the fuel pump’s faults is associated with an electric motor (about 40%), the technical condition of which is determined by the value of the electrical resistance of the winding circuit. However, direct measurement of electrical resistance without removing the vehicle is difficult. Therefore, it is possible to diagnose the performance of the electric motor (and the pump as a whole) by the amount of consumed current.Materials and methods. The author used physical modeling of faults by adjustable resistance for acceleration of the experiment and establishment of precise limits in the efficiency of the electric motor. The criterion for the operability of an electric fuel pump was the value of the developed pressure of at least 0.25 MPa.Results. An increase in the series-connected resistance led to a decrease in the current consumption of the pump, as well as a decrease in its performance. When the critical resistance value reached 11.2 ohms, the pump stopped working. A decrease in the resistance connected in parallel also led to a decrease in the current consumed by the pump since a significant part of it is bypassing of the electric motor through resistance. When the critical resistance value of 0.2 Ohm was reached, the pump stopped working.Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the author develops the mathematical model of the electric motor’s efficiency, which allows determining its technical condition by the usage both the value of electrical resistance and the consumed current. Moreover, measuring the current consumed by an electric motor serves as the basis for diagnosing electric fuel pumps directly on a vehicle and reduces the labor intensity and downtime of vehicles under repair.

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BAKSAN, Bedri, Ibrahim CELIKYUREK, and Adem TASDEMIR. "Effect of Secondary Aging of Copper-Chromium Alloys to Electrical Conductivity." Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics 16 (December 31, 2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1068548.

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Copper-chromium alloys are the most important spot-welding tips and disks; it is also used where high strength together with electrical conductivity is required. Electrical conductivity is also important for optimum energy consumption. It is obvious that if highly conductive materials are used, we need low electric current where today energy is a very precious thing. In our study due to the industrial requirement of highly durable and more consistent parts needs, secondary aging was used to obtain more efficient materials. Electrical conductivity is a must, therefore the copper chromium alloys were observed for their resistances for various processing conditions, like as cast, aged, and secondarily aged. The electrical resistance measurements for all conditions were done and compared. The aging heat treatment was done at 650 oC for 4 hours. Secondary aging heat treatment was done at 400 oC for 2, 4, and 6 hours. The lowest specific electrical resistivity was obtained from secondary aged at 400 oC for 2 hours as 0.0074 mΩ mm2/mm. The resistance of as-cast copper-chromium alloy was measured as 0.078 mΩ mm2/mm which is almost ten-fold resistive than secondarily aged sample therefore it can be said that the secondary aging heat treatment was found to have a favorable electrical conductance.

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Abdullazyanov, E. Yu, E. I. Gracheva, A. N. Gorlov, Z. M. Shakurova, T. V. Tabachnikova, and S. Valtchev. "Algorithms for estimating equivalent resistances of in-plant electrical networks." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-4-3-13.

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THE PURPOSE. Investigation of the degree of influence of the characteristics of in- plant electrical networks on the reliability of the results in the algorithms for estimating equivalent resistances. METHODS. When solving this problem, a study of the radial power supply scheme of the tool shop section was carried out with the calculation and modeling of equivalent and reference values of the circuit resistances. Algorithms and methods for estimating the values of equivalent resistances have been developed, taking into account the main technical characteristics of in-plant networks.RESULTS. The data of calculations of the equivalent resistance values of the circuits with an assessment of the heating factor of the conductors and the resistance factor of the contact devices are analyzed. The proportions of the influence of the resistances of the contact equipment and lines, taking into account the number of electric power receivers connected to the power point, on the value of the equivalent resistances of the circuit are revealed. CONCLUSION. The article develops algorithms for estimating the values of equivalent resistances of in-plant power supply circuits. Nomograms are presented that take into account the number and length of the circuit lines with the allocation of the zone of accounting for the resistances of contact equipment in the equivalent resistances of the circuits. The obtained algorithms and results are recommended to be used to clarify the amount of power and electrical energy losses in the intra- factory networks, which will increase the reliability of calculations.

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Velychko, O., V. Dovgan, D. Nikitenko, and Ia Brezytskyi. "Interlaboratory Comparisons of Calibration Results of the Measures of Electrical Resistance of Direct Current." Metrology and instruments, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(2)2018.25-30.

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The article presents the results of the first round of inter-laboratory comparisons of the measures of electric resistance on a direct current of three resistance nominals: 1 Om, 10 Om and 100 Om. The reference laboratory has studied the measures of electrical resistance as a means of comparison, defined the reference values of comparison with the calculation of their extended uncertainties. The comparison of the results of measurements obtained during the calibration of the measures of electrical resistance of eight laboratories took place according to the radial scheme in 2016. The deviations of the results obtained by each laboratory were determined and their correctness was evaluated taking into account the uncertainty of measurements by one of the criteria for performance statistics for the selected electrical resistance ratings.

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Baláš, Martin, Josef Gallo, and Ivan Kuneš. "Work sampling and work process optimization in sonic and electrical resistance tree tomography." Journal of Forest Science 66, No. 1 (January 30, 2020): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/66/2019-jfs.

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Using non-destructive techniques in investigating tree stem rots is a modern approach in arboriculture and urban forestry. We used PiCUS<sup>®</sup> 3 Sonic tomograph (SoT) and TreeTronic<sup>®</sup> electrical resistance tomograph (ERT) to inspect the health status of urban and park trees. The process of setting up the device and measuring is time demanding as it requires numerous delicate operations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the time needed for measurement and to propose an optimal workflow. The results of work sampling suggest that scanning of one average-difficulty tree by SoT and ERT resistance tomography takes an average approximately 52 min (when one operator measures one scan), and approx. 37 min (when two operators measure a queue of trees). Working in two-person-team is moderately more efficient. Typically, the overall costs of one scan are approximately EUR 25–30 (~ CZK 650–780), depending on many variables.

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Shcherba, А. А., N. I. Suprunovska, and D. S. Ivashchenko. "PROBABILISTIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CAPACITOR CHARGE CIRCUIT WITH STOCHASTIC ACTIVE RESISTANCE." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2018, no. 6 (October 25, 2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2018.06.014.

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Hemant Kagra, Hemant Kagra. "Impact of Surface Film on Electrical Contact Resistance of Silver Impregnated Graphite Contacts." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/may2013/71.

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Aizawa, Shifumi, Toshio Ogasawara, and Takeshi Ogawa. "OS09W0305 Sensitive strain monitoring of SiC fiber/epoxy composite using electrical resistance change." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS09W0305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os09w0305.

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Demchenko, A. I., A. P. Rukosuev, and S. B. Vasil'ev. "Calculation of electrical resistance of sheets in resistance spot welding." Welding International 15, no. 4 (January 2001): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507110109549363.

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Wang, Chao, Qingqing Cao, Yuxiang Chen, Huaxiang Wang, and Ziqiang Cui. "Evaluation of parasitic resistance in voltage-driven electrical resistance tomography." Measurement Science and Technology 31, no. 5 (February 6, 2020): 055901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab5092.

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Ignatiev, Igor E., Pavel V. Kotenkov, Elena V. Ignatieva, Eduard Yu Goyda, and Valery V. Krymsky. "Effect of nanosecond electropulse effects on the properties of the alloy Cu-1.75% Cr." Butlerov Communications 58, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-5-133.

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The hardness, electrical resistance, deformation resistance of the Cu-1.75%Cr alloy obtained by irradiating its melt at a temperature of one thousand three hundred and fifty degrees Celsius by nanosecond unipolar electrical pulses of one thousand Hertz, a single signal duration of one nanosecond and ten kilowatts were experimentally determined. The dependences of the determined properties of the metal on the duration of the electric pulse irradiation are established. A comparison was made between irradiated and unirradiated, but obtained under the same thermal and temporal conditions, alloy samples. An improvement was observed in both mechanical (increase in hardness up to eight percent) and electrical (decrease in electrical resistance to fourteen and a half percent) characteristics due to electric pulse effect on the melt. It was found that the best time for electropulse treatment is from five to ten minutes. It is shown that the effect of irradiation of the Cu-1.75%Cr melt on the electrical resistance of the resulting alloy and its hardness differs from the results of irradiation of the Cu-1%Cr melt, but retains the same tendencies in changing properties. A significant difference was found in the hardness values of unirradiated samples of Cu-1.75%Cr and Cu-1%Cr alloys. A model of the connection of electrical resistance and hardness of Cu-Cr alloys with the redistribution of chromium in their volume is proposed. The results of melt processing by nanosecond unipolar electric pulses are presented in the form of microstructure snapshots, tables, and mathematical formulas. On the basis of the obtained results, it was concluded that the proposed model is useful for assessing the quality of Cu-Cr system alloys from the standpoint of increasing their hardness and decreasing electrical resistance, including after electropulse treatment of the corresponding melts.

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Kempers, R., A. J. Robinson, and A. Lyons. "Characterization of Thermal Contact Resistance in Metal Micro-Textured Thermal Interface Materials Using Electrical Contact Resistance Measurements." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 1190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.1190.

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A novel Metal Micro-Textured Thermal Interface Material (MMT-TIM) has been developed to address a number of shortcomings in conventional TIMs. This material consists of a thin metal foil with raised micro-scale features that plastically deform under an applied pressure thereby creating a continuous, thermally conductive, path between the mating surfaces. One of the difficulties in experimentally characterizing MMT-TIMs however, is distinguishing the bulk thermal resistance of the MMT-TIM from the thermal contact resistance that exists where it contacts the test apparatus. Since these materials are highly electrically conductive, this study attempts to employ electrical contact resistance measurements to estimate their thermal contact resistance. Tests using flat silver and gold specimens of known bulk thermal conductivity were used to develop a correlation between electrical and thermal contact resistance. This relationship was then employed to estimate the thermal contact resistance of a prototype silver MMT-TIM and indicates the thermal contact resistance accounts for approximately 10% of the measured thermal contact resistance. A number of issues related to this technique are discussed as well as its future outlook.

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Filippov, V., D. Yagodin, K. Shunyayev, and L. Leontiev. "Electrical Resistance of Cu-Zr Melts." Доклады академии наук 483, no. 6 (December 2018): 646–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086956520003440-7.

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Anderson, D. Greg, Lawrence R. Wierzbowski, Daniel M. Schwartz, Alan S. Hilibrand, Alexander R. Vaccaro, and Todd J. Albert. "Pedicle Screws With High Electrical Resistance." Spine 27, no. 14 (July 2002): 1577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200207150-00018.

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