Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Electrical power plant'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Electrical power plant.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Electrical power plant.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
SILVA, FRANCISCO CARLOS SANTANNA DA. "ACTUAL REACTIVE POWER CAPABILITY EVALUATION IN AN ELECTRICAL POWER PLANT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2472@1.
Abstract:
ELETROBRAS - CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S. A.As curvas de capacidade de geração de potência reativa fornecidas pelos fabricantes são elaboradas em função dos parâmetros de projeto do gerador, e geralmente não consideram as condições de operação da planta e do sistema como fatores limitantes. É sabido que as condições de operação da planta, tais como tensões nominais do terminal do gerador e das barras auxiliares, valores limites dos reguladores de tensão, potência máxima da turbina e dispositivos de limitação e proteção de sub e sobreexcitação podem ser fatores limitantes da capacidade de geração e absorção de potência reativa. Neste trabalho foi elaborado um método e desenvolvida uma ferramenta computacional para identificar a curva de capacidade real de geração de potência reativa para qualquer ponto de operação. Este trabalho pode ser estendido para qualquer gerador, conhecidas as características da usina. Nos estudos de caso apresentados pôde-se verificar que é possível ampliar a capacidade de geração reativa da usina apenas conhecendo seus reais limites, não necessitando portanto, de grandes investimentos para o aumento dessa capacidade.
They show that different generator loads produce greater heating in different parts of generator. A method is described and a software is presented to evaluate the actual reactive power capability curve considering the operating condition.This paper shows that it is possible to enlarge the reactive power capability only by knowing the actual capability limitations, without raising costs and keeping operation safe.It is important to the generator agent to know its capabilities if it is desidered to provide reactive support as an ancillary service in the new competitive environment.
2
Chan, Lai Cheong. "Investigation on energy efficiency of electrical power system in Macau Coloane power plant." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586280.
3
Boesak, Dawid John Johannes. "Voltage stability analysis of a power system network comprising a nuclear power plant." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30056.
Abstract:
As recently as 2016, the performance of South Africa’s power utility has shown that it is not resilient enough to withstand the consequences of a power system blackout. Blackouts are defined as being a form of power system instability that can be brought about by a variety of abnormal network scenarios. The most common modes of failure are grouped under the term power system stability. In this dissertation, the different modes of power stability that can affect a nuclear power station will be investigated and discussed. The particular phenomenon that will be focused on, however, is the effect that voltage instability has on the ability of generators and loads to perform their standard functions, thus ensuring a secure power system. To investigate the effect that voltage instability has on a nuclear power station, this dissertation will look at relevant literature on the topic. In addition, by extracting from common examples of national and international occurrences of voltage stability, this dissertation will record the effects that this phenomenon has on the security of a power system, in particular on nuclear power plants. To model the network containing a nuclear power plant for the evaluation of voltage stability, the different mathematical models of the generation plant are presented, which include: the automatic voltage regulator, power system stabilizer, governor, nuclear reactor, and excitation system. Also presented are mathematical models of network equipment such as under voltage tap changers and the dynamic loads that are of interest when evaluating voltage stability. The models used for evaluation of the voltage stability phenomenon affecting a nuclear power plant and the surrounding integrated power system are built in the Digsilent PowerFactory® software. The scenario for evaluation is based on a voltage stability event that occurred around at the Koeberg nuclear power system situated in the Western Cape province on South Africa on 15 October 2003. It is commonly accepted that voltage stability can be evaluated at a steady state level by performing power versus voltage (PV) analysis to determine the voltage buses vulnerable to voltage collapse, and reactive power versus voltage (QV) analysis to determine the critical reactive devices required to avert a voltage instability event. The scenarios that are evaluated for voltage stability are divided into two sections: i) a PV and QV analysis as per the event that occurred on 15 October 2003 and ii) present-day voltage stability indices for PV and QV if mixed with a generation such as renewable energy sources that include wind, solar, biomass and concentrated solar power (CSPs). The result reveals the vulnerabilities of the nuclear power plant and the surrounding integrated power system due to a voltage instability event. Some of the solutions proposed include a review of the typical power system protection schemes — such as under and overvoltage detection scheme — that are used. In the study, PV and QV curves provide v good indications of the state of critical busbars and the reactive power reserve margins available before instability can potentially settle in. Simulations confirmed the effectiveness of critical equipment installed in the Western Grid and the effect on their electrical parameters such as torque and the slip on motors.
4
Claassens, Andries Johannes. "Transient modelling of induction motors in a petrochemical plant using Matlab." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20432.
Abstract:
Thesis (MScIng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The behaviour of induction motors at a petrochemical plant under transient conditions was investigated with the view to improve plant immunity to voltage fluctuations. The benefits of using a phase-variable induction motor model rather than the simpler d-q models usually employed are investigated. A simplified model of the plant electrical distribution system was derived. Phase variable and d-q induction motor models were implemented as well as a synchronous generator model. Practical considerations precluded the use of commercial software for the simulation of transient conditions and a basic simulation program was developed using Matlab to evaluate the behaviour of the dynamic machine models and distribution system. It was established that the configuration of the installed re-acceleration system can be optimised to reduce the possibility of plant outages as a result of voltage fluctuations. It was found that the use of more detailed induction machine models provide valuable insight into system behaviour and is justified if accurate motor parameters are available or can be estimated. The simplified plant model yielded useful results and enabled the identification of incorrect system data. The investigation showed that Matlab is suitable for the rapid development of a basic transient simulation program that can be used to study the behaviour of different interconnected dynamic machine models.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gedrag van induksiemotors in 'n petrochemiese aanleg onder oorgangstoestande is ondersoek ten einde die immuniteit van die aanleg vir spanningsfluktuasies te verbeter. Die voordele van die gebruik van 'n fase-veranderlike induksiemotor model eerder as die eenvoudiger d-q modelle wat normaalweg gebruik word is ondersoek. 'n Vereenvoudigde model van die aanleg se elektriese distribusiestelsel is afgelei. Faseveranderlike en d-q induksiemotor modelle is geimplementeer sowel as 'n sinkroongenerator model. Praktiese oorwegings het die gebruik van kommersiële programmatuur vir die simulasie van oorgangstoestande verhoed en 'n basiese program is in Matlab ontwikkel om die gedrag dinamiese masjienmodelle en die distribusiestelsel te evalueer. Daar is vasgestel dat die konfigurasie van die geinstalleerde herversnellerstelsel geoptimeer kan word om die moontlikheid van aanleg onderbrekings as gevolg van spanningsfluktuasies te verminder. Daar is gevind dat die gebruik van meer gedetaileerde induksiemasjien modelle waardevolle insig in die gedrag van die stelsel lewer en geregverdig is indien akkurate motorparameters beskikbaar is of afgeskat kan word. Die vereenvoudigde model van die aanleg het bruikbare resultate gelewer en die het die identifikasie van foutiewe stelseldata moontlik gemaak. Die ondersoek het getoon dat Matlab geskik is vir die snelle ontwikkeling van 'n basiese oorgangsimulasie program wat gebruik kan word om die gedrag van verskillende gekoppelde dinamiese masjienemodelle te bestudeer.
5
Al-Hamdan, Qusai Zuhair Mohammed. "Design criteria and performance of gas turbines in a combined power and power (CPP) plant for electrical power generation." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14041.
Abstract:
The simple gas turbine engine Operates on the basic Joule-Brayton cycle and it is notorious for its poor thermal efficiency. Several modifications have been made to the simple cycle in order to increase its thermal efficiency but, within the thermal and mechanical stress constrains, the efficiency still ranges between 28 and 35%. However, higher values of energy utilisation efficiency have been claimed in recent years by using low grade heat from the engine exhaust either for district heating or for raising low pressure steam for chemical processes. Both applications are not very attractive in hot countries. The concept of using the low grade thermal energy from the gas turbine exhaust to raise steam in order to drive a steam turbine and generate additional electricity, i. e. the combined power and power or CPP plant would be more attractive in hot countries than the CHP plant. It was hypothesized that the operational parameters, hence the performance of the CPP plant, would depend on the allowable gas turbine entry temperature. Hence, the exhaust gas temperature could not be decided arbitrarily. This thesis deals with the performance of the gas turbine engine operating as a part of the combined power and power plant. In a CPP plant, the gas turbine does not only produce power but also the thermal energy that is required to operate the steam turbine plant at achievable thermal efficiency. The combined gas turbine-steam turbine cycles are thermodynamically analysed. A parametric study for different configurations of the combined gas-steam cycles has been carried out to show the influence of the main parameters on the CPP cycle performance. The parametric study was carried out using realistic values in view of the known constraints and taking into account any feasible future developments. The results of the parametric study show that the maximum CPP cycle efficiency would be at a point for which the gas turbine cycle would have neither its maximum efficiency nor its maximum specific work output. It has been shown that supplementary heating or gas turbine reheating would decrease the CPP cycle efficiency; hence, it could only be justified at low gas turbine inlet temperatures. Also it has been shown that although gas turbine intercooling would enhance the performance of the gas turbine cycle, it would have only a slight effect on the CPP cycle performance. A graphical method for studying operational compatibility, i.e. matching, between gas turbine components has been developed for a steady state or equilibrium operation. The author would like to submit that the graphical method offers a novel and easy to understand approach to the complex problem of component matching. It has been shown that matching conditions between the compressor and the turbine could be satisfied by superimposing the turbine performance characteristics on the compressor performance characteristics providing the axes of both were normalised. This technique can serve as a valuable tool to determine the operating range and the engine running line. Furthermore, it would decide whether the gas turbine engine was operating in a region of adequate compressor and turbine efficiencies. A computer program capable of simulating the steady state off-design conditions of the gas turbine engine as part of the CPP plant has been developed. The program was written in Visual Basic. Also, another program was developed to simulate the steady state off-design operation of the steam turbine power plant. A combination of both programs was used to simulate the combined power plant. Finally, it could be claimed that the computer simulation of the CPP plant makes significant contribution to the design of thermal power plants as it would help in investigating the effects of the performance characteristics of the components on the performance of complete engines at the design and off-design conditions. This investigation of the CPP plant performance can be carried out at the design and engineering stages and thus help to reduce the cost of manufacturing and testing the expensive prototype engines.
6
Al-Hajri, Muhammad T. "Electrical power energy optimization at hydrocarbon industrial plant using intelligent algorithms." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12681.
Abstract:
In this work, the potential of intelligent algorithms for optimizing the real power loss and enhancing the grid connection power factor in a real hydrocarbon facility electrical system is assessed. Namely, genetic algorithm (GA), improve strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA2) and differential evolutionary algorithm (DEA) are developed and implemented. The economic impact associated with these objectives optimization is highlighted. The optimization of the subject objectives is addressed as single and multi-objective constrained nonlinear problems. Different generation modes and system injected reactive power cases are evaluated. The studied electrical system constraints and parameters are all real values. The uniqueness of this thesis is that none of the previous literature studies addressed the technical and economic impacts of optimizing the aforementioned objectives for real hydrocarbon facility electrical system. All the economic analyses in this thesis are performed based on real subsidized cost of energy for the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The obtained results demonstrate the high potential of optimizing the studied system objectives and enhancing the economics of the utilized generation fuel via the application of intelligent algorithms.
7
Emmanuel, Paul. "Investigation into transient stability of a nuclear power plant using DIgSILENT." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20322.
Abstract:
The current electricity crisis, coupled with the lack of generation, has led to a major focus on continuity of supply. The Western Cape has been severely affected, as it only has a limited number of generation sources, namely Koeberg Nuclear Power Station (base supply) along with other power stations used for peak load running such as Ankerlig, Palmiet, etc. Koeberg Nuclear Power Station is located at the end of a long transmission line with no other base-load generation for 1500km, between the power station and the mass pool of coal-fired generation in Mpumalanga. Koeberg Nuclear Power Station (herein referred to as "Koeberg") plays a significant role in ensuring the stability of the Western Cape's electricity network. Without this power stattion, the network power flow is greatly affected, and is placed under severe strain. Koeberg is the determining factor when the system operators control the Western Cape network. The network is modelled having one of Koeberg's unit offline, using contingency analysis N-1. The one Koeberg unit being the N-1 contingency factored into the transmission network. The network should be able to withstand a disturbance with one Koeberg unit out of service and maintain stability after the disturbance. With the Eskom's decision to increase Koeberg power plant's electrical output power, it became apparent that the impact of this upgrade needed to be assessed. In the past, various hand calculations and assumptions were made before implementation of these types of changes could occur. With the advent of technology, modern computer-based software simulation tools have reduced the time to analyse such changes and aid engineers to quickly assess the impact it would have on various components. A load flow and short circuit studies of the Koeberg internal networks were performed and verified against plant data. The original data was compared to simulated data using a computer-based simulation package. The simulation software package used to validate the results is the DIgSILENT software package. This is one of the standard software packages used by Eskom to validate models on the network. Load flow studies for Koeberg have been completed in the past, but many changes have since been made to the plant. There was thus a requirement to re-calculate the original load flow studies and ensure that all plant and protection settings are within an acceptable criterion. This new study found that there were minor errors in the on-site documentation and that the software is compatible with the plant data.
8
Lilje, Peter. "Stabilising an islanded nuclear power plant with a high- energy resistor." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5298.
9
Qur'an, Omar Ali Sammour. "Design criteria and performance of steam turbines in a CPP plant for electrical power generation." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247306.
10
Rico, Melgoza J. Jesús. "Steady state modelling of non-linear power plant components." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5319/.
Abstract:
This thesis studies the problem of periodic. waveform distortion in electric power systems. A general framework is formulated in the Hilbert domain to account for any given orthogonal basis such as complex Fourier. real Fourier. Hartley and Walsh.· Particular applications of this generalised framework result in unified frames of reference. These domains are unified frameworks in the sense that they accommodate all the nodes. phases and the full spectrum of coefficients of the orthogonal basis. Linear and linearised, non-linear elements can be combined in the same frame of reference for a unified solution. In rigorous waveform distortion analysis. accurate representation of non-linear characteristics for all power plant components is essential. In this thesis several analytical forms are studied which provide accurate representations of non-linearities and which are suitable for efficient. repetitive waveform distortion studies. Several harmonic domain approaches are also presented. To date most frequency domain techniques in power systems have used the Complex Fourier expansion but more efficient solutions can be obtained when using formulations which do not require complex algebra. With this in mind. two real harmonic domain frames of references are presented: the real Fourier harmonic domain and the Hartley domain. The solutions exhibit quadratic rate of convergence. Also, discrete convolutions are proposed as a means for free-aliasing harmonic domain evaluations; a fact which aids convergence greatly. Two new models in the harmonic domain are presented: the Three Phase Thyristor Controlled Reactor model and the Multi-limb Three Phase Transformer model. The former uses switching functions and discrete convolutions. It yields efficient solutions with strong characteristics of convergence. The latter is based on the principle of duality and takes account of the non-linear electromagnetic effects involving iron core, transformer tank and return air paths. The algorithm exhibits quadratic convergence. Real data is used to validate both models. Harmonic distortion can be evaluated by using true Newton-Raphson techniques which exhibit quadratic convergence. However, these methods can be made to produce faster solutions by using relaxation techniques. Several alternative relaxation techniques are presented. An algorithm which uses diagonal relaxation has shown good characteristics of convergence plus the possibility of parallelisation. The Walsh series are a set of orthogonal functions with rectangular waveforms. They are used in this thesis to study switching circuits which are quite common in modern power systems. They have switching functions which resemble Walsh functions substantially. Accordingly, switching functions may be represented exactly by a finite number of Walsh functions, whilst a large number of Fourier coefficients may be required to achieve the same result. Evaluation of waveform distortion of power networks is a non-linear problem which is solved by linearisation about an operation point. In this thesis the Walsh domain is used to study this phenomenon. It has deep theoretical strengths which helps greatly in understanding waveform distortion and which allows its qualitative assessment. Traditionally, the problem of finding waveform distortion levels in power networks has been solved by the use of repetitive linearisation of the problem about an operation point. In this thesis a step towards a true non-linear solution is made. A new approach, which uses bi-linearisations as opposed to linearisations, is presented. Bi-linear systems are a class of simple, non-linear systems which are amenable to analytical solutions. Also, a new method, based on Taylor series expansions, is used to approximate generic, non-linear systems using a bi-linear system. It is shown that when using repetitive bi-linearisations, as opposed to linearisations, solutions show super-quadratic rate of convergence. Finally, several power system applications using the Walsh approach are presented. A model of a single phase TCR, a model of three phase bank of transformers and a model of frequency dependent transmission lines are developed.
11
Meadowcroft, Brian K. "Hidden Failures in Shipboard Electrical Integrated Propulsion Plants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42754.
Abstract:
The differences between shipboard and land based power systems are explored to support the main focus of this work. A model was developed for simulating hidden failures on shipboard integrated propulsion plants, IPP. The model was then used to evaluate the segregation of the IPP high voltage, HV, buses in a similar fashion as a shipboard firemain. The HV buses were segregated when loss of propulsion power would put the ship as risk. This new treatment reduces the region of vulnerability by providing a high impedance boundary that limits the effects of a hidden failure of a current magnitude or differential based protective element, without the installation of any additional hardware or software. It is shown that this protection could be further improved through the use of a simple adaptive protection scheme that disarms unneeded protective elements in certain configurations.Master of Science
12
Goree, Adam Tracker. "Grounding design for personal safety of a large scale wind power plant." Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10164243.
Abstract:
Grounding of electrical power systems has and will always be one of the most essential aspects of any electrical system design. Without a proper, well designed and effective efficient grounding network personal safety is at risk, equipment protection cannot be assured, and proper system operation cannot be maintained. Because of these reasons grounding design has become well researched, with long established standards strictly dictating the construction and integration of such ground networks. However with an ever diversifying power grid generation mix, integration of new technologies has become common. The need for these diverse technologies along with their cultural and societal demand has enabled them to outrun the standards and conceptual knowledge required for their safe construction. One such area exists in the grounding design of large scale Wind Power Plants (WPP). While most generation facilities aim to reduce their landmass to the smallest possible footprint wind power plants require adequate spacing in order to optimize wind quality and power generation with construction costs. This necessitates a generation facility or power plant that can reach up to several square miles. At areas of this size and distribution, established grounding design practices become ineffective and inapplicable while current standards become insufficient due to failing assumptions.
This thesis offers an overview of grounding concepts tailored to the unique requirements of Wind Power Plants, a discussion concerning the recommended design methodology for such a network, and real world simulations of these problematic scenarios as a basis of study for WPP grounding. Currently there is very little literature and no standard or guidelines in industry for the specific challenges posed by WPP grounding. Lack of this documentation has led to debate in industry over the topic. It is hoped that this research will provide a basic WPP grounding design methodology and demonstrate the need for the further creation of a standard or guide.
13
Kariuki, Kibaara Samuel. "Technical and economic analysis of parabolic trough concentrating solar thermal power plant." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11929.
Abstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis reports on the technical and economic analysis of wet and dry cooling technologies of parabolic trough CSTP plant. This was done through modelling and simulation of a standalone and grid connected parabolic trough using the System Advisor Model (SAM).
14
Mthwecu, Sabatha. "Modelling and macroeconomic analysis of a Solar PV/diesel hybrid power plant." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13729.
Abstract:
This research thesis covers the latest research on renewable energy globally and focuses on the solar panel and biofuels market. A full macroeconomic analysis is done on the Chinese Taipei, and this results in some parameters which then become the basis of this research. The macroeconomic parameters are then put into a tabular form and applied to India, Turkey and Australia to see how much weight the analysis can hold and if there is enough data per country on the macroeconomic parameters chosen. This research thesis conducts a shorter, custom version of a macroeconomic analysis on a South African area, and considers the national Gross Domestic Product, pollution, length of transmission lines, weather factors such as sunlight and temperature and more. Following from this, a hybrid power system is developed under these circumstances and the information is compared with past research. A very informative discussion is then had as to what the model means on a macroeconomic scale and how it performs technically. The technical solution at this point has no economic barriers. Economics can be a tool and not a financial hurdle in the face of technological advancement.
15
Sharifnia, Hamidreza. "Safety related model and studies of Trojan Nuclear Power Plant electrical distribution system." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3875.
Abstract:
The most important requirement for running a nuclear power plant safely is having a reliable safety system, especially during the emergency shutdown condition. For performing a scrutiny load flow and voltage drop study a detailed and comprehensive electrical model for the emergency electrical distribution system of the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant has been developed. This model includes the representation of the transformers, circuit breakers, motors, cables and load data from 4160 volts level down to the individual 480 volts loads.
16
Ercan, Noyan. "A Decision Support Tool For Feasibility Assessment Of Hydro Electrical Power Plant Projects." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613982/index.pdf.
Abstract:
The objective of this thesis is to develop a decision support tool to assess the feasibility of a hydro electrical power plant (HEPP) investment option by estimating its profitability under various scenarios. The decision support tool may help the decision makers to understand critical parameters that affect the internal rate of return (IRR) of a HEPP investment, create realistic scenarios by assigning different values to these parameters and monitor profitability under various scenarios. The information and the assumptions to construct the proposed decision support tool have been collected by conducting interviews with experts and its reliability has been tested by a real case study.
17
Hassan, Mohamed Elhafiz. "Power Plant Operation Optimization : Unit Commitment of Combined Cycle Power Plants Using Machine Learning and MILP." Thesis, mohamed-ahmed@siemens.com, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-395304.
Abstract:
In modern days electric power systems, the penetration of renewable resources and the introduction of free market principles have led to new challenges facing the power producers and regulators. Renewable production is intermittent which leads to fluctuations in the grid and requires more control for regulators, and the free market principle raises the challenge for power plant producers to operate their plants in the most profitable way given the fluctuating prices. Those problems are addressed in the literature as the Economic Dispatch, and they have been discussed from both regulator and producer view points. Combined Cycle Power plants have the privileges of being dispatchable very fast and with low cost which put them as a primary solution to power disturbance in grid, this fast dispatch-ability also allows them to exploit price changes very efficiently to maximize their profit, and this sheds the light on the importance of prices forecasting as an input for the profit optimization of power plants. In this project, an integrated solution is introduced to optimize the dispatch of combined cycle power plants that are bidding for electricity markets, the solution is composed of two models, the forecasting model and the optimization model. The forecasting model is flexible enough to forecast electricity and fuel prices for different markets and with different forecasting horizons. Machine learning algorithms were used to build and validate the model, and data from different countries were used to test the model. The optimization model incorporates the forecasting model outputs as inputs parameters, and uses other parameters and constraints from the operating conditions of the power plant as well as the market in which the plant is selling. The power plant in this mode is assumed to satisfy different demands, each of these demands have corresponding electricity price and cost of energy not served. The model decides which units to be dispatched at each time stamp to give out the maximum profit given all these constraints, it also decides whether to satisfy all the demands or not producing part of each of them.
18
Ishaque, Mohammed. "A new method for calculating the economic benefits of varying degrees of power factor correction for industrial plant loads." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4322.
Abstract:
A comparative study of the economic benefits that can be obtained from different degrees of power factor correction for medium and small scale industrial installations is shown. A new approach for precise calculation of kws and kvars required at different power factors is presented. These calculated values are used to find the return on investments for the capacitors needed for power factor correction. The developed method is easy to use, cost effective, accurate and will help electrical engineers with minimum knowledge of power systems to precisely determine the savings available by improving the power factor of an industrial load.
19
Amba, Harsha Vardhan. "Operation and Monitoring of Parabolic Trough Concentrated Solar Power Plant." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5891.
Abstract:
The majority of the power generated today is produced using fossil fuels,emitting carbon dioxide and other pollutants every second. Also, fossil fuels will eventually run out. For the increasing worldwide energy demand, the use f reliable and environmentally beneficial natural energy sources is one of the biggest challenges. Alongside wind and water, the solar energy which is clean, CO2-neutral and limitless, is our most valuable resource.
Concentrated solar power (CSP) is becoming one of the excellent alternative sources for the power industry. The successful implementation of this technology requires the efficient design of tracking and operation system of the CSP solar plants. A detailed analysis of components needed for the design of cost-effective and optimum tracker for CSP solar systems is required for the power plant modeling, which is the primary subject of this thesis. A comprehensive tracking and operating system of a parabolic trough solar power plant was developed focusing primarily on obtaining optimum and cost effective design through the simplified methodology of this work. This new model was implemented for a 50 kWe parabolic trough solar power plant at University of South Florida, Tampa.
20
Draganescu, Mihai. "Study of supercritical coal-fired power plant dynamic responses and control for grid code compliance." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73963/.
Abstract:
The thesis is concerned with the study of the dynamic responses of a supercritical coal-fired power plant via mathematical modelling and simulation. Supercritical technology leads to much more efficient energy conversion compared with subcritical power generation technology so it is considered to be a viable option from the economic and environmental aspects for replacement of aged thermal power plants in the United Kingdom. However there are concerns for the adoption of this technology as it is unclear whether the dynamic responses of supercritical power plants can meet the Great Britain Grid Code requirement in frequency responses and frequency control. To provide answers to the above concerns, the PhD research project is conducted with the following objectives: to study the dynamic responses of the power plant under different control modes in order to assess its compliance in providing the frequency control services specified by the Great Britain Grid Code; to evaluate and improve the performance of the existing control loops of the power plant simulator and in this regard a controller based on the Dynamic Matrix Control algorithm was designed to regulate the coal flow rate and another controller based on the Generalized Predictive Control algorithm was implemented to regulate the temperature of the superheated steam; to conduct an investigation regarding frequency control at the power plant level followed by an analysis of the frequency control requirements extracted from the Grid Codes of several European and non-European countries. The structure and operation of the supercritical power plant was intensively studied and presented. All the simulation tests presented in this thesis were carried out by the mean of a complex 600 megawatts power plant simulator developed in collaboration with Tsinghua University from Beijing, China. The study of the conducted simulation tests indicate that it is difficult for this type of power plant to comply with the frequency control requirements of the Great Britain Grid Code in its current control method. Therefore, it is essential to investigate more effective control strategies aiming at improving its dynamic responses. In the thesis, new Model Predictive Control power plant control strategies are developed and the performance of the control loops and consequently of the power plant are greatly improved through implementation of Model Predictive Control based controllers.
21
Le, Louarn Theobald. "Optimization Of A Virtual Power Plant In The German Electricity Market." Thesis, KTH, Elkraftteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217380.
Abstract:
Distributed energy sources are becoming more and more important in the German electricitynetwork. One solution to manage this growing number of distributed assets liesin the Virtual Power Plant concept. A Virtual Power Plant aggregates decentralizedgenerators and loads to behave like a large power plant. Based on new technologies, ituses advanced communication technologies to provide different services (generation ofenergy, steering of power systems, balancing services ...). This thesis proposes a mixedintegerstochastic model of a Virtual Power Plant. The participation to different productsis being studied: selling power on day-ahead basis on the spot market, providingflexibility to the secondary and tertiary reserve market. The particularity of this modelis to consider the revenue generated by the stochastic activation of the reserve market.An operational tool named AlocaBid is implemented in Python, based on the developedmathematical model. The performance of the model is being evaluated using four studycases, representing typical market situations. The results demonstrate the advantage ofthe proposed model over state-of-the-art method for bids’ allocation.Distribuerade energik¨allor blir allt viktigare i det tyska eln¨atverket. En l¨osning f¨or atthantera det v¨axande antalet distribuerade tillg°angar ¨ar Virtual Power Plant-konceptet.Ett virtuellt kraftverk styr decentraliserade generatorer och laster f¨or att efterlikna ettnormalt kraftverk. Baserat p°a ny teknik anv¨ander det avancerad kommunikationsteknikf¨or att tillhandah°alla olika tj¨anster (generering av energi, styrning av kraftsystem, balanseringstj¨anster ...). Denna avhandling f¨oresl°ar en stokastisk blanda heltalsmodell avett virtuellt kraftverk. Deltagandet i olika produkter studeras: F¨ors¨aljning av maktp°a daglig basis p°a spotmarknaden, vilket ger flexibilitet till den sekund¨ara och terti¨arareservmarknaden. Det speciella med denna modell ¨ar att den tar h¨ansyn till de int¨aktersom genereras av den stokastiska aktiveringen av reservmarknaden. Ett operationsverktygmed namnet AlocaBid implementeras i Python, baserat p°a den utvecklade matematiskamodellen. Modellens prestanda utv¨arderas med fyra studiefall, som representerartypiska marknadssituationer. Resultaten visar f¨ordelen med den f¨oreslagna modelleframf¨or den senaste tekniken f¨or budgivningens f¨ordelning.
22
Mohamed, Omar R. Ibrahim. "Study of energy efficient supercritical coal-fired power plant dynamic responses and control strategies." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3662/.
Abstract:
The world is facing the challenge of global warming and environment protection. On the other hand, the demand of electricity is growing fast due to economic growth and increase in population. Since the growth in demand is also a heavy factor in energy equations, then the renewable energy alone is not able to generate enough electricity to fill the gap within a short time of period. Therefore, fossil fuel such as coal fired power plants cannot be ruled out immediately due to their generation capacity and flexibility in load following. However, any new coal fired stations should be cleaner compared with traditional power plants. Supercritical power plants are one of the most suitable choices for environmental enhancement and higher efficiency. However, there has been an issue of whether or not to adopt this technology in the UK because it is not clear whether the performance for SC plants can satisfy the British Gird Code requirement. This thesis reports a study of dynamic responses of SC power plants through mathematical modeling, and simulation for Gird Code compliance. It also presents a new control strategy based on an alternative configuration of generalized predictive control for power plant control.
23
Suliman, Ahmad. "A test case for implementing feedback control in a micro hydro power plant." Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6847.
Abstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Dwight D. Day
Micro-hydro turbines generate power for small villages and industries in Afghanistan. They usually produce less than 100 kW of power. Currently the flow into the turbine is controlled manually and the voltage is controlled automatically with an electronic load controller. Excess power not used by the village is dumped into a community water heater. For larger sites that have a reservoir and/or large variable load throughout the day and night, the turbine needs to be fitted with an automatic flow control system to conserve water in the reservoir or deal with the variable loads. Large turbines usually use hydraulic governors that automatically adjust the flow of water into the turbine. For micro-hydro sized plants this method would be too expensive and be difficult to build and maintain locally. For this reason, a 3 phase AC induction motor will be used to move the internal flow control valve of the turbine. Because a sudden change in load is possible (30 – 40%) for micro-hydro plants, the electronic load controller will also be needed to respond to quick changes in load so that the village voltage does not exceed 220V. This report documents the process of building a test system comprising of a dynamic resistive load, microcontroller controlled resistive load, a three phase AC generator and a DC Motor. Where the dynamic resistive load represents the load of the village, the computer controlled resistive load would represent the community water heater, the three phase AC generator represents the Generator on site and the DC Motor together with its DC input voltage would emulate the turbine and its water flow respectively. The DC input voltage would be also controlled with a PWM signal through a delay loop to represent the water gate delay effects on the turbine as close as possible. With this, it would be possible to completely build and test a control system that emulates the dynamics of a water turbine generator.
24
SILVA, BRUNO NOGUEIRA. "SET UP OF A FORECASTING MODEL FOR ELECTRICAL ENERGY SPOT PRICES IN BRAZIL AND VALUATION OF A THERMOELECTRICAL POWER PLANT USING REAL OPTIONS MODEL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1941@1.
Abstract:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORO Setor de energia elétrica no Brasil vem sofrendo fortes mudanças estruturais, cujo principal objetivo é criar um caráter competitivo para permitir ao setor crescer não mais por investimentos estatais, mas sim pelas mãos do capital privado. Com isso, espera-se que a oferta possa acompanhar a demanda crescente nos últimos anos, devido a falta de investimentos no setor, e fazer com que o risco de déficit de carga no futuro diminua. O Programa Prioritário de Termelétricas, lançado pelo governo federal, vai aumentar a oferta de energia no país com a construção de usinas termelétricas, aproveitando o fato da disponibilidade de gás natural existente, e com isso aumentará a participação de geração térmica na matriz energética brasileira. Essa mudança vai conferir mais confiabilidade ao parque gerador de energia, diminuindo o risco de déficit energético pela redução do nível de água dos reservatórios das usinas hidrelétricas. Além disso, as usinas termelétricas são uma alternativa de curto prazo para o Brasil, pois devido ao reduzido prazo de construção, permitiria o aumento da oferta durante a transição para o mercado competitivo, minimizando com isso os riscos de déficit no futuro. As termelétricas, nessa nova estrutura do setor elétrico brasileiro, podem se declarar flexíveis ou inflexíveis. Uma termelétrica flexível é aquela onde sua energia pode ser comercializada no Mercado Atacadista de Energia (MAE), logo ficando sujeita a volatilidade do mercado spot, mas podendo obter grandes lucros. Uma termelétrica inflexível é aquela onde toda sua energia é comercializada mediante contratos bilaterais, ou seja, a energia gerada não é comercializada no MAE. Isto reduz as incertezas, mas também reduz as oportunidades de grandes lucros. A maior incerteza de um projeto do setor elétrico brasileiro é o preço da energia elétrica que em países onde este setor foi reestruturado, como o Brasil, é determinado através do custo marginal de curto prazo (CMCP), por um modelo de otimização energética não publicado ao mercado. Em vista disso, essa dissertação se propõe a formular um modelo para os preços de energia elétrica no Brasil, avaliar uma planta de geração térmica utilizando a Teoria de Opções Reais aliada a técnica de simulação de Monte Carlo e comparar os resultados com os obtidos por Alessandro de Lima Castro em sua dissertação de Mestrado defendida em abril de 2000 cujo título é Avaliação de Investimento de Capital em Projetos de Geração Termoelétrica no Setor Elétrico Brasileiro Usando Teoria das Opções Reais.
The Brazilian Electricity Sector has experienced strong structural changes, whose main objective is to create a competitiveness character to allow for the sector to grow not more for state investments, but now for the hands of the private capital. So, it is expected that supply can meet the growing demand in the last years, due to the lack of investments in the sector, and consequently reduce the risk of load deficit in the future. The Emergency Program of Thermal Plants, introduced by the federal government, will increase the offer of energy in the country with the construction of thermal plants, taking advantage of the availability of natural gas, and thus, will increase the participation of thermal generation in Brazil. That change will give more reliability to the Brazilian Electric System, reducing the risk of energy deficit due to the reduction of the level of water in the reservoirs of the hydro plants. Besides, thermal plants is a short-term alternative to Brazil, because its construction term is shorter than that of hydro plants, so this will increase the offer of energy during the transition for the competitive market, and so reducing the risk of load deficit in the future. Thermal Plants, in that new structure of the Brazilian Electric Sector, can be declared flexible either or inflexible. A flexible thermal plant is that where its energy can be negotiated in a WholeSale Energy Market, and so being subjects the volatility of the spot market, but it could obtain great profits. An inflexible thermal plant is that where its whole energy is negotiated by through bilateral contracts, that is, the energy generated is not negociated in the WholeSale Energy Market. This reduces uncertainties, but it also reduces the opportunities of great profits. The largest uncertainty of a project of the Brazilian electric sector is the price of electricity, and in countries where this sector was restructured, like in Brazil, it is determined through the short run marginal cost (SRMC), for energetic otimization model not published to the market. Thus, this dissertation intends to formulate a model for the price of electricity in Brazil, to evaluate a thermal plant using Real Options Theory and Monte Carlo simulation, and to compare the results with CASTRO´s dissertation: Evaluation of Capital Investment in Thermoelectric Generation Projects in the Brazilian Electricity Sector Using Real Options Theory.
El Sector de energía eléctrica en Brasil ha sufrido fuertes cambios extructurales, con el objetivo de crear un carácter competitivo que permita el crecimiento de este sector, en manos del capital privado y no más por inversiones estatales. Con esto, se espera que la oferta consiga acompañar la demanda cresciente en los últimos años, debido a la falta de inversiones en el sector, y conseguir que el riesgo de déficit de carga en el futuro disminuya. El Programa Prioritario de Termoeléctricas, lanzado por el gobierno federal, pretende aumentar la oferta de energía en el país con la construcción de centrales termoeléctricas, aprovechando la disponibilidad de gas natural existente. Como consecuencia aumentará la participación de la generación térmica en la matriz energética brasilera. Este cambio dará mayor confiabilidad al parque generador de energía, diminuyendo el riesgo de déficit energético por la reducción del nível de agua de los depósitos de las centrales hidroeléctricas. Además, las centrales termoeléctricas constituyen una alternativa de corto plazo para Brasil que, gracias al reducido plazo de construcción, permitiría el aumento de la oferta durante la transición para el mercado competitivo, minimizando así, los riesgos de déficit en el futuro. Las termoeléctricas, en esta nueva extructura del sector eléctrico brasilero, pueden declararse flexibles o inflexibles. Em una termoeléctrica flexible la energía puede ser comercializada en el Mercado Atacadista de Energía (MAE), sujetándose a la volatilidad del mercado spot, pero pudiendo obtener grandes lucros. Una termoeléctrica inflexível comercializa toda su energía mediante contratos bilaterales, o sea, la energía generada no se comercializa en el MAE. Esto reduce los riesgos, pero también reduce las oportunidades de grandes lucros. El mayor riesgo de un proyecto del sector eléctrico brasilero es el precio de la energía eléctrica que, en países donde este sector fue reextructurado, (como en Brasil) se determina a través del costo marginal de corto plazo (CMCP); a través de un modelo de optimización energética no publicado al mercado. Esta disertación se propone formular un modelo para los precios de energía eléctrica en el Brasil, evaluar una planta de generación térmica utilizando la Teoría de Opciones Reales aliada a la técnica de simulación de Monte Carlo; y comparar nuestros resultados con los obtenidos por Alesandro de Lima Castro en su disertación de Mestrado defendida en abril de 2000 bajo el título Evaluación de Inversión de Capital en Proyectos de Generación Termoeléctrica en el Sector Eléctrico Brasilero Usando Teoría de las Opciones Reales.
25
Malevanovas, Rimantas. "Saulės elektrinės parametrų stebėjimo įrenginys. Bakalauro darbas." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140716_102900-72939.
Abstract:
Bakalauro darbo tikslas - sukurti bei sukonstruoti testinį saulės elektrinės parametrų stebėjimo sistemos prototipą. Buvo sukurti du elektroninės įrangos įrenginiai, parašytos dvi programos (įrenginio valdymo ir duomenų apdorojimo kompiuteryje). Sistemos pagrindą sudaro AtMega168 mikrovaldiklis, per SPI sąsają renkantis duomenis iš matavimo įrenginių ir per LAN juos perduodantis į kompiuterį apdorojimui ir saugojimui. Kompiuterio programinė įranga veikia dvigubo serverio principu: priima matavimo įrenginio siunčiamus duomenis per UDP portą ir, kitame procese, per TCP portą aptarnauja interneto užklausas, gražindama pagal šabloną sugeneruotą tinklapį su naujausiais apdorotais duomenimis.The objective of bachelor’s project was to design, build and test prototype of a Solar Power Plant Monitoring system. Two hardware pieces and two software (monitoring program for PC and firmware for hardware) items were designed. System is based on AtMega168 microcontroller collecting data from via SPI bus attached measurement device and transmitting collected data to PC software via LAN for processing, displaying and saving the data. PC software works as dual server: receives data from hardware using and, in separate process, services requests from internet users, returning webpage template with most recent processed data.
26
Macháč, Petr. "Výpočet ustáleného chodu sítě 110 kV." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220676.
Abstract:
This thesis deals with load flow calculation of electrical network 110 kV before and after the connection to the 70MW gas supply and the 58MW steam and gas supply. This grid can be powered from two 400/110kV substations, namely Sokolnice and Otrokovice. The load flow calculation is realized for the power supply either from Otrokovice or Sokolnice. Furthermore, the calculation of the uni-phase and three phase short circuits in the substations of 110kV network is realized in this thesis. The result of the thesis is the assessment of the voltage ratio in the network, current load of the power line and short circuit resistance of the substations.
27
Borges, Rafael Cruz. "Um algoritmo para sintonia de controladores robustos para amortecimento de modos intra-planta em sistemas de potência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-10082009-114735/.
Abstract:
O problema de modos intra-planta em sistemas de potência é caracterizado pela oscilação dos geradores de uma mesma usina uns contra os outros. Estes modos são geralmente bem amortecidos, mas uma sintonia inadequada dos parâmetros dos PSSs (Power System Stabilizers), visando fornecer um amortecimento aos modos locais, por exemplo, pode reduzir o amortecimento dos modos intra-planta. Esta possibilidade pode ser evitada por uma sintonia cuidadosa dos estabilizadores, em um modelo que seja capaz de representar os modos intra-planta. Este processo de sintonia pode ser tedioso e demorado, exigindo muitas horas de trabalho de um especialista. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um algoritmo computacional capaz de realizar esse processo, com uma intervenção mínima do projetista (reduzindo, portanto, o esforço do engenheiro projetista na sintonia do PSS e deixando que o computador faça de maneira eficiente) e aplicamos este algoritmo para encontrar uma sintonia adequada de PSSs para o amortecimento dos modos local e intra-planta coexistentes no mesmo sistema. Como mostrado neste trabalho, o algoritmo é capaz de sintonizar os PSSs para varias condições de operação de uma só vez, o que pode também resultar em uma melhor sintonia quando comparado com abordagens seqüenciais de projeto.The problem of intra-plant modes is characterized by the oscillation of the machines within a power station against each other. These modes are usually well-damped, but improper settings for the parameters for power system stabilizers (PSSs), aiming at enhancing the damping of local modes, for example, can reduce the damping of the intra-plant modes. This possibility must be avoided by a careful tuning of the stabilizers, over a model that is able to represent the intra-plant modes. This tuning process may be involved and time-consuming, requiring many hours of work from a specialist. In this paper, we present a computerized algorithm that is capable of performing this process with minimum intervention of the human designer (therefore alleviating the burden of PSS tuning for the engineer and placing most of it on the computer) and apply it to find a PSS tuning to damp both local and intra-plant modes of the same plant. As shown in the paper, the algorithm is capable of tuning PSSs for several operating conditions at once, which may also result in better tuning when compared to sequential approaches.
28
GROULT, Mathieu. "Optimization of Electromechanical Studies for the Connection of Hydro Generation." Thesis, KTH, Elkraftteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-221802.
Abstract:
The current model for electricity generation is based on power plants connected to the transmission network. This provides electricity to the distribution network and after that to the consumers. To ensure the security of the electrical network and prevent a blackout, the performance of every electricity generation unit connected to the network is quantified in grid codes. In the case of the French transmission system, the requirements regarding the performance are written in a document produced by the French Transmission System Operator (TSO). Various events with various configurations of connection to the network have to be simulated and the corresponding performance has to be evaluated. The aim of these simulations is to determine the stability of the generators and key elements, including the response time on the active power after events such as a short circuit.Taking into account the amount of generators connected to the transmission network, the need for optimization appears and is the purpose of this Master Thesis. To perform those simulations in an efficient way on all the generators owned by the main French electricity producer, EDF, this Master Thesis contributes with a tool called AuDySim coded with the softwares MATLAB and EUROSTAG. The implemented tool allows the user to configure an electricity generation unit before realizing all the simulations specified by the TSO and produces a report containing the results by means of curves and data. The simulations and the production of the report are achieved automatically to create a gain of time and resources.In order to validate the performance of the tool, two case studies are performed on different types of power plants. The two case studies analyzed present a hydraulic and a nuclear power plant. In the results the performance of each type of power plant is assessed focusing on the rotor angle stability of the machine and key elements, such as the voltage and the active power. These results lead to the conclusion that AuDySim fulfills its mission, by achieving automatically an analysis of the performance of an electrical generation unit and producing it in a report.Den nuvarande elproduktionsmodellen baseras på kraftverk som är direktkopplade till stamnätet. Stamnätet i sin tur matar distributionsnätet som därefter levererar el till slutkonsumenterna. För att säkerställa stamnätets integritet samt säkerhet och undvika strömavbrott kvantifieras prestandan hos varje generator som är ansluten till det med hjälp av nätkoder. När det gäller det franska stamnätet skrivs prestandakraven i ett dokument som utfärdas av den franska transmissionssystemoperatören (TSO). Olika händelser med olika anslutningskonfigurationer måste simuleras där dess prestanda ska utvärderats. Syftet med dessa simuleringar är att identifiera stabiliteten vid varje elproduktionsenhet med bl. a. dess reaktionstid för den aktiva effekten efter kortslutningar.Med tanke på antalet generatorer som är anslutna till stamnätet framträder ett behov för överföringsoptimering vilket är syftet med detta examensarbete. För att utföra dessa simuleringar på ett effektivt sätt på alla generatorer som ägs av den ledande franska elproducenten, EDF, bidrar denna avhandling med ett verktyg som heter AuDySim kodat i mjukvarorna MATLAB och EUROSTAG. Verktyget gör det möjligt för användaren att konfigurera en elproduktionsenhet innan man utför alla simuleringar som specificeras av TSO:n och samtidigt producerar en rapport som innehåller grafisk- och data resultat. Både simuleringar och rapporten produceras automatiskt för att optimera en bearbetningstid och resursanvändning.För att validera verktygets prestanda utförs två fallstudier på olika typer av kraftverk. De två fallstudierna fokuserar på ett hydraulisk- respektive ett kärnkraftverk. I resultaten utvärderas prestanda för varje typ av kraftverk, med fokus på maskinens rotorvinkelstabilitet och andra viktiga faktorer, såsom spänning och aktiv effekt. Resultat leder till slutsatsen att AuDySim uppfyller sitt uppdrag genom att automatiskt analysera prestanda hos en elektrisk generationsenhet och presentera analysen i en rapport.
29
Kapusto, Rimas. "Mažosios vėjo jėgainės tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140617_111846-15327.
Abstract:
Ištirti mažos galios horizontaliosios ašies vėjo jėgainės energetines charakteristikas ir nustatyti efektyvumo didinimo galimybes.Survey energy characteristics of little capacity horizontal axis wind power plant and identify efficiency increase potential.
30
Dembinskas, Donatas. "Kogeneracinės jėgainės elektrotechninė dalis." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110804_093038-46733.
Abstract:
Kogeneracija – techniškai pažangus šilumos ir elektros energijos gamybos būdas. Elektros energija gaunama iš generatoriaus, o šilumos energija gaunama variklio aušinimo metu. Kadangi Lietuvoje elektros ir šilumos gamyba iš atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių yra labai aktualu, darbo tikslas: suprojektuoti kogeneracinės jėainės vidaus elektros tinklą, parinkti kogeneratorių.Cogeneration technologically advanced of heat and electricity production. It is particularly relevant for Lithuania, because there exists a strong need for heat production, the restructuring of heat and electricity networks, is changing its legal framework, the development of market relations. Undergraduate work is designed combined heat and power plant. Cogeneration plant will be used for alternative fuel: biogas which derived from the landfill. However, in order to improve the efficiency of cogeneration landfill gas is mixed with natural gas in certain proportion. Combined heat and power plant is designed according to the Republic of Lithuania laws and regulations. Heat comes from cogeneration emissions into the atmosphere in summer. It was found that in order to increase the heat recovery efficiency, not only in winter but in summer, for example to be equipped with heated vegetable production complexes.
31
Razyapova, Aygul. "Tvorba a estimace modelu malé vodní elektrárny v programu PSCAD." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242038.
Abstract:
This thesis focused on creating a model of a small hydropower plant model (SHPP) and a part of the electricity network in the simulation software "PSCAD" (basing on real sources). The model will be specified on the basis of the data obtained from the measurements to correspond with the real equipment.
32
Rader, Jordan D. "Loss of normal feedwater ATWS for Vogtle Electric Generating Plant using RETRAN-02." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31741.
Abstract:
Thesis (M. S.)--Nuclear Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Abdel-Khalik, Said I.; Committee Member: Ghiaasiaan, S. Mostafa; Committee Member: Hertel, Nolan E. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
33
Iindombo, Julia Dimbulukweni. "Efficiency plan for large interconnected urban ring main network under contingency conditions." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1185.
Abstract:
Thesis (MTech(Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011In a situation, where there is a shortage of power generation or the power stations are operating with a very low reserve margin, as is typically the current position in South Africa, there is a need to operate distribution network at the highest possible efficiency by utilising network power loss reduction techniques. Such techniques are especially important when contingencies occur as they tend to increase loss, reduce efficiencies and cause power supplies to such networks to increase. This increase can cause the network or multiples of such networks to be load shed as the power stations do not have the reserve margins to meet this increased demand. The ideal situation would thus be to minimise network loss and in so doing decrease the amount of power needed and possibly avoid load shedding. Thus, there is a need to study efficiency, network loss reduction under contingency conditions and this is the focus of the research. Most large urban distribution networks are operated as ring main networks. Ring networks are considered to have less power loss. However, a major component in a ring network can cause the loss to substantially increase; resulting in power shortage in the network. There is an urgency to eliminate high network loss. An efficiency plan was developed for a large ring network that reduces the loss so that its input power can be decreased. In this way, the available power existing due to the contingency can be more evenly spread, and the number of ring main networks to be load shed could be reduced.
34
Li, Rong. "Power plant investment appraisal : electric industry and economic growth nexus." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25811.
Abstract:
Electric power industries are undergoing restructuring around the world. Under deregulation, the non-utility, independent power producers (IPP) are allowed to invest in the power system. Each year, many new investments in different types of power plants are proposed by generators all over the world. However, investment in generation projects involves large amounts of capital with a long payback period, comparable with the lifetime of the plant. Moreover, macroscopic situation of electrical industry and economic environment also need to be taken into account. Therefore, how to make an investment decision is a complex problem. This thesis considers the power plant investment issues in UK and China from microscopic and macroscopic viewpoint. The microscopic viewpoint focuses on investment appraisal approaches, different types of generation technologies, and levelised cost of generation. The macroscopic viewpoint focuses on investment environment in UK and China, such as the relationship among electricity consumption, installed capacity and GDP. The thesis begins by presenting the current situation of electricity generation in UK and China. It continues to introduce some classic and practical investment theories and project analysis tools. Then, the applications of these approaches on the investment of eight types of electricity generation technologies in the UK and pulverised coal plant in China are given. The analysis results show evidences for several investment advices on microscopic viewpoint. These advices could help investors to more clearly make their investment decision on different types of power plant. From macroscopic viewpoint, the relationship among electricity consumption, economic growth and installed capacity in the UK and China are found by applying econometric approaches. The forecast of electricity consumption and GDP of China are also given. After this, the thesis takes into account the differences of economic growth and environment in different regions of China, and classifies China's provinces into four parts: Northeast, Coastal, Central and West. The relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in China are determined based on provincial data and panel time series approaches. These results can help investors to fully understand the electric industry investment environment of China, which lead to some policy suggestions.
35
Scimone, Tommaso. "Energy Storage in Electric Power Generation Plant from Renewable Sources." Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/228.
Abstract:
During last years the utilization of renewable energy resources has received considerable attention because of the adverse environmental impacts and cost escalation of conventional fuel generation plants. Solar photovoltaic and wind energy industries are two sectors very rapidly growing, and both of them are attracting investments of billions of dollars. However, photovoltaic and wind, like most of the renewable energy sources are characterized by high variability and discontinuity. The high unpredictability of the primary resource makes diffi-cult to forecast the energy production. This is a major trouble for network utility grid management and for the final user, especially in the case of systems operated in island mode. Application of high efficiency energy storage techniques could stimulate in a near future a larger exploitation of renewable energy sources. Energy storage, in fact, could not only improve the quality of the produced power, but, it could also make possible the implementa-tion of sophisticated energy management strategies, fully decoupling the power delivery from power generation.
36
Itiki, Rodney. "Metodologia para mapeamento de zonas operacionais em sistemas de transmissão VSC-HVDC." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-09042018-145504/.
Abstract:
Sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica em corrente contínua e alta tensão baseados em tecnologia de conversores a fonte de tensão (VSC-HVDC), ao contrário de linhas de transmissão em corrente alternada, operam como elementos de controle de variáveis elétricas, podendo ser úteis na estabilidade do sistema de potência. Mas apesar desta vantagem, sistemas VSC-HVDC possuem limitações no desempenho estável, o que enseja o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para mapeamento de suas zonas de operação estável e possíveis regiões de instabilidade. Inicialmente estudou-se os detalhes da tecnologia VSC-HVDC tais como o funcionamento da eletrônica de potência e estratégias de controle utilizadas. Em seguida, investigou-se os modelos de geradores síncronos para interconexão com o lado CA das estações conversoras do VSC-HVDC. E, finalmente, aplicou-se a tecnologia VSC-HVDC sobre um modelo de sistema de potência com uma estação conversora localizada em um porto offshore e uma outra no continente, próxima à rede de alta tensão em corrente alternada. Simulações e análise deste sistema foram executadas considerando várias condições operacionais. O gráfico de potência gerada e consumida, obtido pela aplicação da metodologia, apresenta grande potencial de uso prático como por exemplo sua implementação na interface homem-máquina da estação de operação do porto offshore, provendo informação em tempo real de alto nível ao operador do sistema elétrico do porto offshore e consequentemente aumentando sua consciência situacional quanto a proximidade dos limites de instabilidade.High voltage direct current power transmission systems based on voltage source converters (VSC-HVDC), as opposed to alternating current ones, operates as elements of control of electrical variables, being useful for stability of power system. Besides this advantage, VSC-HVDC systems have limitations in stable performance, which instigates the development of a methodology for mapping its operational zones of stability and possible regions of instability. The author initially studied the details of the VSC-HVDC technology such as the power electronic principles and the control strategies used on this research. Subsequently, the author investigated synchronous generator models for interconnection on the AC side of the VSC-HVDC converter stations. Finally, the author applied the VSC-HVDC technology on a model of power system with two converter stations, one located on an offshore port and the other on the shore, next to an alternating current high voltage power grid. Simulations and analysis of this system were carried out considering various operational conditions. The graphic of generated and consumed power on offshore port, obtained by the application of the methodology for mapping operational zones, presents a great potential of being implemented in the man-machine interface of an operation workstation, thus providing high level online information for the operator of the offshore port electrical system and consequently improving its situational awareness of the proximity to instability limits.
37
Ly, Cuong. "Reliability study of the Callide power station electrical system." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36023/1/36023_Ly_1997.pdf.
Abstract:
The reliable operation of the electrical system at Callide Power Station is of extreme importance to the
normal everyday running of the Station.
The electrical system configuration and hardware are inherently very reliable. However, in all cases the
failure of components such as circuit breakers, switchboards, and transformers would directly or indirectly
effect the Station's capability to generate at full load capacity and hence maximise revenue.
This study has applied the principles of reliability and has utilised a reliability software package to do an
analysis on the electrical system at Callide Power Station.
The study analyses other possible system configurations that could increase the reliability of the Station.
The study identifies priority maintenance on load points displaying high reliability indices. An analysis
was done on the impact of unusual system configurations such as Boiler Feed Pump motor startups.
Using the results from the study an appropriate level of maintenance was suggested for the current
Callide electrical system configuration and recommendations on the replacement of some 41 SV circuit
breaker tripping toggles was made.
38
Murphy, Jill E. "Determination of failure criteria for electric cables exposed to fire for use in a nuclear power plant risk analysis." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0114104-132801.
39
CHAGAS, EDUARDO BARROS DAS. "PROJECT FINANCE IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY: THE BARRA GRANDE HYDRO POWER PLANT CASE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8340@1.
Abstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA presente pesquisa se destina a estudar, de forma descritiva e explicativa, o Project Finance como modo de estruturação financeira de projetos de investimento, especialmente às vantagens e desvantagens desta estrutura em comparação às estruturas de financiamentos corporativos tradicionais e na questão do tratamento dispensado por esta estrutura aos diversos riscos relativos ao investimento. Para tal, através da coleta e análise de dados e informações de domínio público, foi utilizada a metodologia de estudo de caso simples aplicada ao caso da Usina Hidrelétrica de Barra Grande, empreendida pela Barra Grande Energética S/A - BAESA, no contexto macro econômico do novo modelo institucional para o setor elétrico.
This research work intends to examine, in a descriptive and explaining manner, the Project Finance as a way to financially structure investment projects, especially when it comes to the advantages and disadvantages of this financial structure as compared to traditional corporate financing, and in the assessment of investment related risks. To do so, publicly available data was collected and analyzed through the Simple Case Research method applied to the Barra Grande Hydro Power Plant Case, within the new Brazilian electric power institutional framework.
40
Bergman, Andrew. "Determinants of Fuel Choice in New Electric Power Plants." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/774.
Abstract:
Despite increasing fuel cost volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and imminent shifts to industry dynamics, utility managers are forced to make tough decisions in regards to installing long-life generation assets. This study seeks to identify and quantify determinants of fuel choice in new electric power plants given vast uncertainties in the electricity generation sector.
Using a probit functional form to estimate marginal effects on the likelihood of choosing wind versus natural gas powered generation, I find positive effects of natural gas prices in the period three years prior to initial operation of the new facility, positive effects of static-level standard score of mix, and positive effects of wind-power density. Additional feedstock choice sets and parameters are considered.
All models suggest that (a) feedstock costs are significant predictors of fuel choice, (b) state-level regulatory learning enhances likelihood of choosing relatively young technologies, (c) Renewable Portfolio Standards result in artificial substitution between wind and solar technologies, and (d) population density, more so than political influence, predicts choices to install wind-powered capacity. Public policy and managerial implications are discussed.
41
Bengtsson, Sara. "Modelling of a Power System in a Combined Cycle Power Plant." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-149318.
Abstract:
Simulators for power plants can be used for many different purposes, like training for operators or for adjusting control systems, where the main objective is to perform a realistic behaviour for different operating conditions of the power plant. Due to an increased amount of variable energy sources in the power system, the role of the operators has become more important. It can therefore be very valuable for the operators to try different operating conditions like island operation. The aim of this thesis is to model the power system of a general combined-cycle power plant simulator. The model should contain certain components and have a realistic behaviour but on the same time be simple enough to perform simulations in real time. The main requirements are to simulate cold start, normal operation, trip of generator, a controlled change-over to island operation and then resynchronisation. The modelling and simulations are executed in the modelling software Dymola, version 6.1. The interface for the simulator is built in the program LabView, but that is beyond the scope of this thesis. The results show a reasonable performance of the power system with most of the objectives fulfilled. The simulator is able to perform a start-up, normal load changes, trip of a generator, change-over to island operation as well as resynchronisation of the power plant to the external power grid. However, the results from the changing-over to island operation, as well as large load losses during island operation, show an unreasonable behaviour of the system regarding the voltage magnitude at that point. This is probably due to limitations in calculation capacity of Dymola, and the problem has been left to further improvements due to lack of time. There has also been a problem during the development of a variable speed regulated induction motor and it has not been possible to make it work due to lack of enough knowledge about how Dymola is performing the calculations. Also this problem has been left to further improvements due to lack of time.
42
Öström, Daniel. "Styrning av värmepanna med PLC : Från relästyrning till digital styrning." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31091.
Abstract:
På det kommunalägda energiföretaget Sala Heby Energi AB pågår arbetet med att konvertera styrningen av en värmepanna från relästyrning och analog övervakning till digital styrning med PLC. Inom ramarna för detta examensarbete studeras tre specifika delar av denna konvertering: en teoretisk studie med syfte att kartlägga fördelar och nackdelar med konverteringen, en undersökning huruvida det finns möjlighet att förbättra en-skilda styrfunktioner i samband med konverteringen och upprättande av ett principschema eller översiktsbild över värmepannan som ska fungera som underlag till dess implementering i kraftvärmeverkets SCADA-system. En fördel med relästyrningen är att den kan vara kostnadseffektiv för att klara enskilda enkla styruppgifter. Dock, överlag och i synnerhet för styrning av större mer komplexa processer talar det mesta till den digitala styrningens fördel. Detta i form av kostnadseffektivitet för större system, möjligheter till mer effektiv larmhantering och möjligheten till loggning av driftdata. Två enskilda funktioner studeras: reglering av värmepannans siktskärm i förhållande till ångdomstrycket och styrning för bränslehanteringen. För reglering av siktskärmens höjd jämförs två alter-nativ med hjälp av simuleringar i Simulink. Konventionell PID-reglering jämförs mot en egenkonstruerad fuzzy-regulator. Mycket på grund av en bristfälligt underbyggd modellering av processen går inte fuzzy-regulatorns eventuella fördelar mot PID-regulatorn att fastställa. Framtida studier av fuzzy-regulatorn skulle potentiellt kunna ändra på detta förhållande. Vidare diskuteras styrningen av funktioner i bränslehantering och då främst autentisering av chaufförer som ska bränslefylla. För att de ska få tillgång till bränslehanteringens funktioner när kraftvärmeverket är obemannat föreslås det en lösning med nyckelbrytare för att aktivera aktuella styrfunktioner. Slutligen tas en ny digital översiktsbild fram över systemet för värmepannan. Denna innehåller mindre uppdateringar och anpassningar jämfört med två översiktsbilder som finns uppritade på de gamla styrskåpen.At the municipality-owned energy company Sala Heby Energi AB work is underway to convert the control of a heating-pan from relay control and analog monitoring to digital control with PLC. Within the framework of this degree project, three specific parts of this conversion are studied: a theoretical study aimed at mapping the pros and cons of the conversion, an examination of the possibility of improving individual control functions in conjunction with the conversion and the establishment of a schematic diagram or overview of the heat boiler that will serve as a basis for its implementation in the SCADA-system of the combined power and heating plant. An advantage of relay control is that it can be cost-effective to handle individual simple control tasks. However, overall and in particular for controlling major more complex processes the benefits of digital control is large. This in terms of cost-effectiveness for larger systems, possibilities for more efficient alarm management and the ability to log operational data. Two individual functions are studied: control of the heating pans damper in relation to the steam pressure and fuel management control. To adjust the height of the damper, two control options are compared using Simulink simulations. Conventional PID control is com-pared to a self-configured fuzzy controller. Much due to a poorly substantiated modelling of the process, the fuzzy regulator's possible benefits to the PID regulator can not be determined. Future studies of the fuzzy regulator could potentially change this circumstance. Furthermore, the control of functions for the fuel management are discussed, mainly authorship of drivers who will fill fuel to the fuel storage. In order for them to have access to the fuel management functions when the combined power and heating plant is unmanned, a key switch solution is proposed to activate the control functions. Finally, a new digital overview picture is produced for the system of the heating pan. This contains minor up-dates and adjustments compared to two overview images depicted on the old control cabinets.
43
Huss, William Reed. "Load forecasting for electric utilities /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487263399023837.
44
Kaymaz, Pinar Valenzuela Jorge F. "Electric power generation expansion in deregulated markets." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%2002-04-08/KAYMAZ_PINAR_52.pdf.
45
Prada, Gil Mikel de. "Design, operation and control of novel electrical concepts for offshore wind power plants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277427.
Abstract:
Offshore wind is an emerging energy sector with a huge potential to be tapped in the near future. Offshore Wind Power Plants (OWPPs) are becoming increasingly relevant in Europe and worldwide mainly because the wind speeds are potentially higher and smoother than their onshore counterpart, which leads to higher wind power generation. Moreover, OWPPs have less space limitations constraints, so that it allows the possibility of using larger wind turbines. Nowadays, environmental and social aspects are forcing OWPPs to be constructed further from shore, (which usually leads to deeper waters) and the trend is expected to continue in the coming years.
Several studies have demonstrated that if the distance between an OWPP and its grid connection point at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) exceeds a certain critical distance (approximately 55-70 km), HVDC transmission becomes a more interesting solution than HVAC, since reduce cable energy losses and decrease reactive power requirements.
This trend towards larger OWPPs located further away from shore is posing some technical, economic and political challenges that must be overcome to be fully competitive in the longer term compared to other energy sources. Today, there is an important concern about reducing the current Levelised Cost Of Energy (LCOE) of offshore wind projects by improving system reliability and availability, reducing O&M costs and/or increasing energy generation.
This thesis aims to propose novel electrical WPP concepts more cost-effective than the existing ones and to comprehensive analyse their technical and economic feasibility. Specific challenges related to the design, optimisation, modelling, operation and control of these new concepts will be addressed in the study. All the concepts presented throughout this thesis, are focused on the collector grid of an OWPP, which encompasses all the necessary equipment to collect the power generated by the wind turbines and to export it to the offshore transmission HVDC platform.
The first novel WPP concept assessed can be applied to either an onshore or offshore WPP with a MVAC collection grid connected to the grid through either an HVAC or HVDC transmission link, whilst the rest of the OWPP configurations analysed are motivated by the presence of HVDC technology and its ability to electrically decouple the OWPP from the onshore power system. Thus, the first wind power plant concept evaluated consists in properly derating some specific wind turbines in order to reduce the wake effect within the collection grid and, therefore, to maximise the energy yield by the whole wind power plant during its lifetime of the installation. The following three OWPP concepts analysed arise thanks to the opportunity provided by HVDC technology to operate the collection grid at variable frequency. Thus, the second proposed OWPP concept investigated is based on removing the individual power converter of each wind turbine and connecting a synchronous generator-based OWPP (or a wind turbine cluster) to a single large power converter which operates at variable frequency. Likewise, the third OWPP configuration assessed deals with the optimisation of this aforementioned concept and with the proposal of an hybrid MVAC/MVDC OWPP concept for the offshore collection grid. Regarding the fourth OWPP design, it consists of a DFIG-based OWPP with reduced power converters (approximately 5% of rated slip) connected to a single HVDC substation. This proposal is analysed both static and dynamically by means of simulations. Finally, the last novel OWPP concept presented in this thesis deals with the analysis of an entire offshore wind power plant in DC, with the aim of reducing the losses both in the inter-array and the export cable(s).
In general terms, all the novel OWPP concepts analysed suggest a good potential to be applied to future offshore wind power plants by reducing in all the cases the LCOE in comparison with the existing OWPPs.La energía eólica marina es un sector emergente que se encuentra en plena expansión. Múltiples circunstancias tales como que cada vez sea más difícil encontrar lugares propicios en tierra (principalmente en Europa) para la instalación de parques eólicos, que a medida que el parque se aleja de la costa el impacto visual y auditivo es menor y que en el mar el viento sopla con más intensidad y de una manera más constante que en tierra, lo cual posibilita obtener una mayor generación de energía eólica, han provocado que cada vez existan más parques eólicos marinos. Hoy en día, factores medioambientales y sociales están obligando a construir los parques eólicos marinos cada vez más alejados de la costa y se espera que esta tendencia continúe en los próximos años. Varios estudios han demostrado que a partir de una cierta distancia crítica entre el parque eólico y su punto de conexión a tierra (aproximadamente 55-70 km), la transmisión mediante alta tensión en corriente continua (ATCC) resulta una opción más interesante que a través de una transmisión en alta tensión de corriente alterna (ATCA), ya que las pérdidas en los cables se ven reducidas, así como los requerimientos de potencia reactiva. Esta tendencia hacia construir parques eólicos marinos cada vez mayores y a ubicarlos más alejados de la costa, supone el tener que resolver ciertos retos técnicos, económicos y políticos a fin de poder ser más competitivos en el futuro en comparación con otras fuentes de generación de energía. Hoy en día existe una importante preocupación por tratar de reducir el elevado coste actual de la energía para los proyectos de eólica marina a base de mejorar la fiabilidad y disponibilidad del sistema, reducir costes de operación y mantenimiento y/o incrementar la generación de energía. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo proponer conceptos eléctricos novedosos, aplicados a parques eólicos marinos, que resulten más rentables que los existentes actualmente. Asimismo, esta tesis pretende analizar de una manera exhaustiva la factibilidad, tanto técnica como económica, de dichos conceptos. Asuntos tales como el diseño, la optimización, el modelaje, la operación y el control son presentes en la tesis. El alcance del trabajo se focaliza en la zona colectora de un parque eólico y, por lo tanto, no se analiza, el sistema de transmisión ni su integración a la red. Dicha zona comprende todo el equipamiento necesario para recolectar la potencia generada por los aerogeneradores y transmitirla a la plataforma marina de ATCC. El primer concepto innovador de parque eólico evaluado puede ser aplicado tanto en parques situados en tierra como en el mar, que tengan una red colectora interna de corriente alterna en media tensión (MTCA) y un sistema de transmisión tanto ATCC o ATCA. Respecto al resto de configuraciones presentadas, estas vienen motivadas por la presencia de la tecnología ATCC y su capacidad para desacoplar eléctricamente la red interna del parque eólico del sistema eléctrico de potencia situado en tierra. Así pues, la primera propuesta de parque eólico a analizar consiste en operar algunas máquinas concretas por debajo de su punto óptimo de operación a fin de poder reducir el efecto estela dentro del parque y poder así maximizar la potencia total extraída por el mismo. Las tres siguientes configuraciones de parque analizadas se fundamentan en la posibilidad que ofrece la tecnología ATCC de poder operar la red interna del parque eólico a una frecuencia variable. En base a este nuevo concepto, la segunda propuesta de parque investigada consiste en prescindir de los convertidores individuales de cada turbina y conectar todos los generadores síncronos del parque eólico (o un simple grupo de máquinas) directamente al convertidor central, el cual opera a frecuencia variable. El tercer diseño de parque eólico se basa en una topología híbrida dentro del parque combinado MTCA y MTCC. Esta configuración surge de optimizar la propuesta anterior de parque eólico. Asimismo, la cuarta propuesta a analizar estudia la posibilidad de tener un parque consistente en generadores de inducción doblemente alimentados conectados a un convertidor común de tensión controlada situado en la plataforma marina, en el cual los convertidores de cada máquina sean de un tamaño menor a lo habitual (aproximadamente a un deslizamiento nominal de un 5%). Este sistema es analizado en detalle tanto estática como dinámicamente. Finalmente, el último concepto que se presenta en esta tesis analiza la posibilidad de considerar un parque eólico marino completamente (transmisión y red interna del parque) constituido mediante tecnología en CC, con el fin de poder reducir las pérdidas tanto en la red interna del parque como en el cable de exportación. En términos generales se puede concluir que todos los conceptos propuestos a lo largo de esta tesis sugieren un gran potencial para poder ser aplicados en futuros parques eólicos marinos, ya que su coste de energía se ve reducido en comparación con los parques eólicos existentes hoy en día.
46
Jones, I. D. "Assessment and design of small-scale hydro-electric power plants." Thesis, University of Salford, 1988. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2212/.
Abstract:
Appraisal and design of small-scale hydro power plants requires a knowledge of hydraulics, hydrology, civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering, and basic economics. Further, small hydro is site specific in nature and marginal from an economic view point. Methods of appraisal and design are required therefore that will keep engineering fees to a minimum and yet still achieve a reliable evaluation of scheme potential and economics. In this context it should be appreciated that small hydro is not large hydro scaled down, and that small hydro needs its own experts (Ref. 1). This thesis considers techniques for appraisal of small hydropower schemes, the selection and specification of scheme components, their costing and economic evaluation. These appraisal techniques are subsequently applied to regional assessment of small-scale hydro-electric potential in the U. K, and to the development and application of a new type of ultra low-head hydropower generator called the Salford Transverse oscillator (STO). Although this work is predominately concerned with assessment of scheme potential in the U.K., it also draws on experience gained by the writer during short visits to India and Nepal, and during a six month design appraisal for rehabilitation of mini-hydro schemes in Sri Lanka (Ref. 2).
47
Al-qalawi, Usama. "On estimation of efficiencies of hospitals and electric power plants /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674093241&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008."Department of Economics." Keywords: Estimation, Hospitals, Electric power plants, Efficiency. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-93). Also available online.
48
Al-Qalawi, Usama Robin. "On Estimation of Efficiencies of Hospitals and Electric Power Plants." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/254.
Abstract:
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Usama Al-qalawi, For the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Economics, presented on Oct 10th , 2008, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: On Estimation of Efficiencies of Hospitals and Electric Power Plants MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Subhash C. Sharma Our objective of this dissertation was to estimate the efficiencies and the sources of total factor productivity (TFP) of hospitals and the efficiency of electrics power plants. In addition, we investigate the effect of some factors that are associated with the variation in efficiency. A translog functional form is estimated using Stochastic Frontier analysis. Then we decompose productivity growth to its main components: the economic of scale effect, the technical progress effect and the change in inefficiency effect. The dissertation is divided to three main subjects. The first subject is about Californian hospitals, the second one is about Veterans hospitals and the last one is about the electricity power plants. The results indicate that the average cost efficiency of Californian hospitals is 90.0% during the period between 1995 and 2005. It implies that those hospitals on average have a cost about 10% above the cost frontier that represent the minimum possible cost. Furthermore, the state of California lost $ 3.28 billion a year on average as consequence of this cost inefficiency. The results also indicate that inefficiency increases over time and by raising the unoccupied beds. In addition, the results suggest that inefficiency decreases as the severity of inpatient increases, and is lower for psychiatric, big and DSH reporting hospitals. The average cost efficiency of the V.A. Hospitals was 81.39 % during the period 2003 and 2007. The average annual total cost for VA hospitals during the period of study was $ 27.4 billion; out of which $ 5.4 billion can be attributed to inefficiency. Further more, the total annual cost of VA hospitals rise during the period of the study from $ 23.3 billion to $ 31.15 billion. With average growth rate equal to 7.53 %. Cost efficiency of Californian hospitals increased during the period between 2003 and 2006 while it slightly decreases in the 2007. Moreover, a concave relation between the number of beds and the efficiency of VA hospitals are founded. As the number of beds increases, efficiency of hospitals increases until it reaches the highest point of efficiency when hospitals have between 100 and 149 beds. Then, it goes back down until it reaches its lowest value for hospitals that have more than 350 beds. Furthermore, average growth of TFP was -0.0320 during the period of study and this suggests that productivity of VA hospitals decreases due to technological recess. The results specify that the technical efficiency of electric power plants was 23.63%. Moreover, it indicates that older plants are more inefficient, and inefficiency will be lower for those plants that face higher net peak demand and have smaller size measured by the maximum generator name plate. In addition, we found that storage plants are more efficient than hydro electric plants and the latter plants are more efficient than renewable energy plants and all are more efficient than fossil energy fueled plants. Furthermore, we found that the most efficient generators are associated with gulf cooling water, used closed-loop cooling systems and are using a mix of petroleum and renewable fossil material as a fuel.
49
Smyth, Thomas Paton. "A review of the emergency electric power supply systems at PWR nuclear power plants." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22430.
Abstract:
Bibliography: pages 168-174.The Emergency Electric Power Supply Systems at Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plants are reviewed, problem areas are identified, and recommendations are made for existing and future Nuclear Power Plants. A simplified introduction to a typical Pressurized Water Nuclear Reactor is given and the problems associated with the commercial use of nuclear power are discussed. An overview of the Nuclear industry's solutions is presented and covers the Reliability of equipment and the American Regulatory requirements. The alternating and direct current power supply systems are examined in terms of plant operational state and equipment type (Diesel generators, Grid network, Lead-acid batteries, Battery chargers, Inverters, and Power Distribution networks). The trends in the design of Emergency Electric Power supply systems at Nuclear Power Plants are presented. The loss of all alternating current power, known as Station Blackout, is discussed and the American and European response to this. problem is presented. Problems experienced in the direct current systems are discussed and solutions are presented. The experience at Koeberg Nuclear Power station with Lead-acid batteries is included in the discussion. The thesis concludes with recommendations for designers and operators of the Electric Power Supply Systems at Nuclear Power Stations.
50
Pappu, Venkata Ajay Kumar. "Implementing frequency regulation capability in a solar photovoltaic power plant." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Pappu_09007dcc807d51ca.pdf.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed July 19, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-90).