Journal articles on the topic 'Electrical circuits and systems'
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1
Kaczorek, Tadeusz. "Singular fractional linear systems and electrical circuits." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-011-0028-8.
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Singular fractional linear systems and electrical circuitsA new class of singular fractional linear systems and electrical circuits is introduced. Using the Caputo definition of the fractional derivative, the Weierstrass regular pencil decomposition and the Laplace transformation, the solution to the state equation of singular fractional linear systems is derived. It is shown that every electrical circuit is a singular fractional system if it contains at least one mesh consisting of branches only with an ideal supercapacitor and voltage sources or at least one node with branches with supercoils.
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Matveenko, Valerii, Maksim Iurlov, Dmitrii Oshmarin, Nataliya Sevodina, and Nataliia Iurlova. "Modelling of vibrational processes in systems with piezoelements and external electric circuits on the basis of their electrical analogue." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 16 (June 11, 2018): 3254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18781025.
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The dissipative properties of electromechanical systems based on structure with elements made of piezomaterial can be controlled by attaching external electric circuits to the piezoelements. One can change electric circuit parameters in such a way as to ensure the greatest possible energy dissipation on an external electric circuit and, thereby, the best damping of the system’s specified oscillation frequency. Since the external electric circuits are a collection of elements with lumped parameters attached to a system with distributed parameters, the solution for such a system of electro-viscoelasticity problems in the complete formulation by the finite element method leads to a large solving system of algebraic equations. The solution of this system requires considerable time and computational resources. There are known approaches in mechanics that make it possible to represent mechanical systems with distributed parameters in the form of discrete systems with lumped parameters, such as a spring–mass–damper. In this article, it is proposed to model electromechanical systems with external electric circuits based on their electrical analogue in the form of equivalent electric substitution circuits, which are discrete electrical systems with lumped parameters. These discrete systems are analogues of the initial electromechanical systems in terms of frequency characteristics and the electrical processes that take place in them. The equivalent substitution circuit is based on the Van Dyke model and allows one to obtain the required number of complex eigenfrequencies of the electromechanical system under consideration.
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Kumar, Umesh. "A Retrospection of Chaotic Phenomena in Electrical Systems." Active and Passive Electronic Components 21, no. 1 (1998): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/32462.
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In the last decade new phenomena have been observed in all areas of non linear dynamics, principal among these being ‘Chaotic phenomena’. Chaos has been reported virtually from every scientific discipline. This paper summarizes a study of the chaotic phenomena in electrical systems and attempts to translate the mathematical ideas and techniques into language that engineers and applied scientists can use to study ‘Chaos’. Towards this end, the paper has summarized the study of chaos in several examples like Chua’s circuit family; Folded Torus circuit; non-autonomous circuits; switched capacitor circuits and hyper-chaos circuits. As observed in power systems, control systems and digital filters, chaos has been exhibited and shown on examples.
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Modes, Christina, Melanie Bawohl, Jochen Langer, Jessica Reitz, Anja Eisert, Mark Challingsworth, Virginia Garcia, and Sarah Groman. "Thick Film Pastes for Power Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, CICMT (September 1, 2013): 000155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-wp24.
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Electronic circuits made by thick film technology are commonly used today in electronic circuitry for automotive applications. Densely packed multi-layer hybrid circuits are very well established for motor and transmission management in standard gasoline fuelled vehicles. As automotive technology shifts from mechanical systems to electrical systems and toward more electrically driven vehicles, such as hybrid electric vehicles and full electric vehicles, thick film systems need to be adapted to fit the challenges and needs of these new applications. The following is a description of a new set of thick film pastes, both precious and base metal, which have attributes and performance suitable for power electronics in automotive applications. The materials provide a means to use common thick film technology to build power circuits to meet the new needs, such as high current carrying capacity and thermal dissipation.
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WAH WU, CHAI, GUO-QUN ZHONG, and LEON O. CHUA. "SYNCHRONIZING NONAUTONOMOUS CHAOTIC SYSTEMS WITHOUT PHASE-LOCKING." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 06, no. 03 (June 1996): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126696000182.
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Pecora and Carroll1 have shown how two nonautonomous chaotic circuits driven by periodic forcing can be synchronized using the master-slave driving principle. However, in their scheme, the periodic forcing in both circuits needs to be phase-locked through some additional circuitry for the system to synchronize. In this paper, we show two ways in which this can be avoided. In the first scheme, the two circuits are connected in a master-slave driving configuration and the periodic forcing is included in the driving signal such that it eliminates the need for the slave circuit to have an external periodic forcing signal. In addition, we can recover the periodic forcing signal at the slave circuit. In the second scheme, the two circuits are connected in a mutual coupling configuration. The two circuits will synchronize regardless of what the periodic forcing signals of the two circuits are. In particular, the two periodic forcing signals could have different phases, different frequencies, or different shapes. We discuss two interpretations of these synchronization schemes. First, we consider them as communication systems when the periodic forcing signal is replaced by a properly encoded information signal. We illustrate this in a physical circuit implementation. Second, we consider them as synchronization schemes for nonidentical systems by considering the external forcing signal as an error signal due to the difference between the two systems.
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Pana, L. "Simulation of protection functions in LV shipboard electrical power systems." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXV, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-22-i1-001.
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The basic function of a shipboard electric power systems is to supply all consumers, both essential and non-essential, with electrical energy, as economically as possible and with an acceptable degree of quality. A shipboard electrical power system comprises three principal subsystems: generation (naval power plant-island mode plant), distribution and protection and automation. During operation all these subsystems may be affected by faults. In this aim all electrical installations on shipboards are to be protected against over-currents due to short- circuits or accidental overloads. The new ABB air circuit-breakers Emax 2 and Tmax T series can be used both as main circuit-breaker in low voltage generation and distribution systems. In addition to protection, the new air ABB circuit-breakers offer possibility of communication which are particularly suitable for automation, control, measurements, grid analysis, and energy savings. ABB Relays are high-performance electronic units for these circuit breakers. Their basic function is to monitor and protect the electric systems against fault current. The units also includes: measuring, data storage, communication, self-test, load control and zone selectivity functions for these circuit-breakers. This paper presents the analysis of protections and simulates how to trigger protections within shipboard power systems.
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Flatscher, Matthias, Markus Neumayer, Thomas Bretterklieber, and Hannes Wegleiter. "Transmission Lines in Capacitance Measurement Systems: An Investigation of Receiver Structures." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031148.
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Dielectric sensing based on capacitive measurement technology is a favourable measurement approach in many industries and fields of application. From an electrical point of view, a coupling capacitance must be measured in the presence of stray capacitances. Different receiver circuit structures have been proposed for the underlying displacement current measurement. Ideally, the sensor assembly is directly connected to the sensor circuitry to minimize the influence with respect to these parasitic capacitances. However, under harsh operating conditions, e.g., at high temperatures, the sensor and the receiver circuit must be separated in order to protect the electronics. Consequently, the receiver circuit and the sensor have to be connected by cables, e.g., coaxial cables. The measurement setup differs significantly from the ideal design with a direct connection. In this paper, we investigate the behaviour of three common measurement circuits for capacitive measurements in instrumentations with cables. We study the interaction between the sensor and the electronics and analyse the operating behaviour of the circuit, as well as the operating states of the amplifiers used. We also address cross-sensitivities in the sensor design due to stray capacitances. The analyses are carried out for different cable lengths and measuring frequencies, and conditions for the usability of the circuit are deduced. In addition to the operational behaviour, we also evaluate the circuits by means of a noise analyses. Based on this analysis, we show a direct comparison of the circuits. The analysis is based on simulation studies, as well as collaborative measurements on test circuits where all circuit parameters are provided. The test circuits are realized with dedicated state-of-the-art circuit elements and, together with the analysis approach and the results, thus provide a basis for future developments.
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Kaczorek, T. "Positive time-varying continuous-time linear systems and electrical circuits." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2015-0095.
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AbstractThe positivity of time-varying continuous-time linear systems and electrical circuits are addressed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the positivity of the systems and electrical circuits are established. It is shown that there exists a large class of positive electrical circuits with time-varying parameters. Examples of positive electrical circuits are presented.
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Mroczkowski, Paweł, and Mirosław Neska. "Analysis Method for Finding the Sources of Failures in Circuits with a Frequency Converter." Solid State Phenomena 237 (August 2015): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.124.
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The dynamic development of devices that use electrical and electronic components makes it necessary to eliminate sources of interference occurring in circuits with systems of this type. These disturbances adversely affect the correct functioning other systems that work together as a network, as well as equipment located in neighbouring systems. The article presents a method of the analysis of the sources of faults occurring in electrical circuits, using a frequency converter. The discussed principle of the operation of the frequency converter and the impact of disturbances generated by these installations are presented in this article. The evaluation methodology of the installation is presented using the requirements of the Harmonized Standards and the authors’ own solutions. The verification of the method was conducted by applying it to a real electrical circuit. The potential sources of electrical faults were identified that were caused by the frequency converters and its circuit. The developed and presented analysis method of the faults sources can be used for evaluating other circuits of this type in which one of subsystems is a frequency converter circuit.
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Karimov, R. "USING OPTOELECTRONIC NONCON TRONIC NONCONTACT VOLTAGE RELAY IN ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS." Technical science and innovation 2019, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.19.2.-77-0028.
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In the article based on the results of the analysis of the existing opto-thyristor resistive circuits, a new scheme of the optoelectronic contactless voltage relay has been developed and its application in the power supply system has been considered. The possibility of controlling the operating modes of various installations amplifying electrical signals using optothyristors is presented and the ways of their inclusion in electrical circuits are presented. The optoelectronic contactless voltage relays were tested in laboratory conditions to obtain an input-output characteristic and a form of capacitance voltage. Based on the improvement of the proposed circuit, a circuit of an optoelectronic contactless voltage relay is developed and provide a high degree of reliability. The simulation of the proposed voltage relay circuits is performed using the MATLAB R2014a program, the results of which show that changes in the shape of the output voltage curve are close to a sinusoid and coincide with the results obtained analytically. As a result the obtained conditions of use make it possible to obtain a voltage with a sinusoidal shape on the load and achieve a relay return coefficient close to unity.
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Sindler, Yuri, and Simon Lineykin. "Static, Dynamic, and Signal-to-Noise Analysis of a Solid-State Magnetoelectric (Me) Sensor with a Spice-Based Circuit Simulator." Sensors 22, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 5514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155514.
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Modeling the non-electrical processes by equivalent electrical circuits is a widely known and successfully used technique in research and development. Although finite element methods software development has supplanted electrical analogy techniques due to greater accuracy and intuitiveness in recent decades, the modeling of physical processes based on analogies has several advantages in some cases. Representation of physical processes in the form of lumped circuits and graphs allows researchers to estimate the system with an alternative view, use standardized methods for solving electrical circuits for non-electrical systems, and, most importantly, allows us to use electrical circuit simulators with their unique capabilities. Of particular interest for using the analogy technique are systems that include electronic components along with components belonging to other physical domains, such as mechanical, thermal, magnetic, and others. A solid-state magnetoelectric (ME) sensor equipped with a charge amplifier is proposed in this study as an example of analysis using the equivalent electrical circuit and simulating these circuits using SPICE-based circuit simulators. Sensor analysis is conducted with an emphasis on noise budgeting and optimizing the sensor’s signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. In addition, the steady state, the phasor, and transient types of analyses were employed to study the static and dynamic behavior of the system. Validation of the model using analytical calculations and comparison with experimental data demonstrated superior results.
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Martin, F. G. "Circuit analysis of transmembrane voltage relationships in V-ATPase-coupled ion movements." Journal of Experimental Biology 172, no. 1 (November 1, 1992): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.172.1.387.
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The concept of electrical circuit analysis is extended to include components found in membrane ionic transport systems. As in classical electrical equivalent circuits, resistors and capacitors are used to represent ion channels and the membrane capacitances, respectively; batteries represent energy sources driven by chemical reactions. In the extensions proposed, energy stored in various ionic concentrations is treated as charges on compartmental capacitors; symporters and antiporters are treated as energy-coupling devices analogous to transformers in alternating current electrical circuits. Pumps are shown to be special cases of porters in which the input circuit derives its energy from a chemical reaction. Using these components, circuit diagrams are drawn for several examples of membrane ion transport systems. By applying appropriate circuit analysis techniques, these diagrams facilitate the quantitative description of the energy distributions throughout the system.
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Babkov, A. P., B. V. Malozyomov, and R. R. Dagaev. "Modern methods for diagnosing electric circuits of electric trains." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2176, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2176/1/012059.
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Abstract The article describes the field of application of these diagnostic methods. Much attention is given to the classification of methods for diagnosing electrical circuits, the assessment, and quality of diagnostic systems, as well as the improvement of diagnostic methods for electrical circuits of electric trains.
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Podbereznaya, Irina, and Aleksandr Tkachev. "Simulation of Ferroresonance Modes in Nonlinear Electrical Circuits Taking Into Account Magnetic Hysteresis." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 65, no. 1 (2022): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2022-1-13-24.
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The article provides a solution to the problem of numerical simulation of the resonant modes of voltages and cur-rents in electrical circuits arising from the serial and parallel connection of nonlinear inductive and capacitive elements. The Weber-ampere characteristic of the inductive element is set taking into account the hysteresis. Fer-roresonance modes arise in electrical circuits containing capacitive and nonlinear inductive elements, including power transformers, arc-extinguishing reactors, current and voltage measuring transformers, electric motors. The nonlinearity of the characteristics of inductive elements is the reason that when their magnetic systems are saturated, differential inductances change, resulting in ferroresonance, often abnormal and even emergency modes. A modified inverse Jiles-Atherton model is used to simulate magnetic hysteresis. Numerical integration of differential equations describing dynamic processes in electrical circuits is performed by the explicit Euler meth-od. As a result of the calculations performed, it is shown that as a result of ferroresonance, a trigger effect oc-curs, which manifests itself in the form of an abrupt change in the state of the circuit caused by the ambiguous nature of the volt-ampere characteristic for the input voltage and current. The proposed method of modeling transient and steady-state modes in nonlinear electrical circuits, taking into account magnetic hysteresis, can be generalized to the case of arbitrary circuits, including those with complex topology.
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Horyachko, Vsevolod, Orest Hamola, and Taras Ryzhyi. "Analysis of magnetic fields of electrical devices based on their circuit models." Computational Problems of Electrical Engineering 11, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jcpee2021.01.007.
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he article deals with an analysis of magnetic fields of electric machines and electromagnetic devices on the basis of their circuit mathematical models. The magnetic systems of electrical devices in these models are presented in the form of planar nonlinear magnetic circuits with lumped elements. The parameters of these elements are determined on the basis of geometric dimensions taking into account the design features of the devices and the physical parameters of the environment.
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Barboza, Ruy. "Diffusive Synchronization of Hyperchaotic Lorenz Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/174546.
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The synchronizing properties of two diffusively coupled hyperchaotic Lorenz 4D systems are investigated by calculating the transverse Lyapunov exponents and by observing the phase space trajectories near the synchronization hyperplane. The effect of parameter mismatch is also observed. A simple electrical circuit described by the Lorenz 4D equations is proposed. Some results from laboratory experiments with two coupled circuits are presented.
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Ilmi, Ulul. "Linear Equation System Study on Electrical Circuits Using Matlab." Jurnal Elektro 3, no. 1 (May 4, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/je.v3i1.210.
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In everyday life, especially in the electrical circuit, there are many usage of matrix. One use of a matrix is found in the system of linear equations. In the field of electrical circuits there are also problems involving systems of linear equations in matrix form. To solve the system of linear equations in matrix form, in addition to using elementary row operations, also used matlab.
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Yuan, Tong, Hongli Yang, and Ivan Ganchev Ivanov. "Reachability and Observability of Positive Linear Electrical Circuits Systems Described by Generalized Fractional Derivatives." Mathematics 9, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 2856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9222856.
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Positive linear electrical circuits systems described by generalized fractional derivatives are studied in this paper. We mainly focus on the reachability and observability of linear electrical circuits systems. Firstly, generalized fractional derivatives and ρ-Laplace transform of f is presented and some preliminary results are provided. Secondly, the positivity of linear electrical circuits systems described by generalized fractional derivatives is investigated and conditions for checking positivity of the systems are derived. Thirdly, reachability and observability of the generalized fractional derivatives systems are studied, in which the ρ-Laplace transform of a Mittag-Leffler function plays an important role. At the end of the paper, illustrative electrical circuits systems are presented, and conclusions of the paper are presented.
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Kalpaktsoglou, Dimitrios, Anastasios Tsiakalos, and Μanos Roumeliotis. "The Thyristor Switched Parallel Capacitors (TSPC) Converter for Power Factor Correction in Wind Power Systems." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 16 (August 4, 2021): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2021.16.15.
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This paper presents a novel power factor correction circuit suitable for low-speed electric generators usually used in direct drive wind turbines. The Thyristor Switched Parallel Capacitors (TSPC) circuit belongs to the Controlled Series Capacitor (CSC) circuits. Those circuits have been used in power transmission lines to correct the power factor and improve the performance of the electrical system. Such a circuit can be used in wind power systems to improve and maximize the efficiency of a wind turbine. A typical direct-drive wind power system employs variable speed electric generators, but the downside is that systems like that suffer from high and variable inductive reactance. In order to correct the power factor and to improve the efficiency of the system, the inductive reactance of the generator must become equal in value to the capacitive reactance. A TSPC circuit uses a set of capacitors, connected in series with anti-parallel thyristors. In every cycle, a controller triggers the appropriate thyristors, allowing the current to pass from the capacitor which then provides the system with the capacitive reactance that matches the generator’s inductor reactance. Therefore, the TSPC circuit is able to counteract for any reactive losses and improve the power factor, as well as, the efficiency. This paper introduces this novel power factor correction circuit that employs capacitors in parallel configuration. This circuit was simulated in PSPICE and was implemented and tested in the lab. Based on the simulation and implementation results, we discuss the benefits as well as the drawbacks of the proposed circuit
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Souza, Delmar Carvalho de, Marcelo do Carmo Gaiotto, Guilherme Nunes Nogueira Neto, Maria Claudia Ferrari de Castro, and Percy Nohama. "Power amplifier circuits for functional electrical stimulation systems." Research on Biomedical Engineering 33, no. 2 (June 2017): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2446-4740.07716.
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Bing Sheu. "Circuits and Systems." IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine 11, no. 6 (November 1995): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcd.1995.476614.
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Nedobitkov, A. I. "On specific short circuit parameters of 12 vautomobile electric systems." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 29, no. 6 (January 13, 2021): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/pvb.2020.29.06.50-60.
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Introduction. The data presented in the article show that the problem of differentiating primary and secondary short circuits is very important. The purpose of the article is to develop a scientifically grounded research method for copper conductors of automobile electric systems showing signs of a short circuit to identify the cause of its damage in a fire investigation. Materials and methods. The research was conducted with the help of JSM-6390LV scanning electron microscope having an energy dispersive microanalysis unit attached, DuraScan 20 microhardness tester, and Fluke Ti400 infrared thermal imager. Results and discussion. It is experimentally proven that the microhardness of a copper conductor subjected to a primary short circuit differs from that of a copper conductor subjected to an overcurrent or external high temperature. Images of microhardness measurement areas of a copper conductor subjected to a primary short circuit are provided. The results of an energy dispersive analysis and characteristic diagnostic features allowing to establish the cause of the copper conductor damage in case of fire (primary or secondary short circuit) are provided. The temperature of the copper conductor is measured for short circuits that entail sparking and an arc. The applicability of the computational method for determining the conductor temperature in the event of a short circuit is experimentally proved. Conclusions. A differentiation method is proposed for telling primary short circuits from secondary ones arising in copper conductors of automobile electrical systems. It is shown that the microhardness testing method can supplement the scanning electron microscopy method. The results provided in the article can be used by specialists to study copper conductors extracted from burned vehicles in order to identify the mechanism of their damage and, eventually, the cause of the car fire.
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Kotwal, Tejas, Fischer Moseley, Alexander Stegmaier, Stefan Imhof, Hauke Brand, Tobias Kießling, Ronny Thomale, Henrik Ronellenfitsch, and Jörn Dunkel. "Active topolectrical circuits." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 32 (August 4, 2021): e2106411118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106411118.
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The transfer of topological concepts from the quantum world to classical mechanical and electronic systems has opened fundamentally different approaches to protected information transmission and wave guidance. A particularly promising emergent technology is based on recently discovered topolectrical circuits that achieve robust electric signal transduction by mimicking edge currents in quantum Hall systems. In parallel, modern active matter research has shown how autonomous units driven by internal energy reservoirs can spontaneously self-organize into collective coherent dynamics. Here, we unify key ideas from these two previously disparate fields to develop design principles for active topolectrical circuits (ATCs) that can self-excite topologically protected global signal patterns. Realizing autonomous active units through nonlinear Chua diode circuits, we theoretically predict and experimentally confirm the emergence of self-organized protected edge oscillations in one- and two-dimensional ATCs. The close agreement between theory, simulations, and experiments implies that nonlinear ATCs provide a robust and versatile platform for developing high-dimensional autonomous electrical circuits with topologically protected functionalities.
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IBADULLAEV, Muhtarhan, Akrom N. TOVBAEV, and Azamat Zh ESENBEKOV. "On the General Theory for Analysis of Subharmonic Oscillations in Three-Phase Ferroresonance Circuits and Systems." Elektrichestvo, no. 12 (2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2021-12-35-44.
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The general theory for analysis of subharmonic oscillations at a frequency of ω/3 in three-phase ferroresonance circuits is presented. The occurrence and existence of ferroresonance oscillations at subharmonic frequencies in power transmission lines and power supply systems is highly undesirable, since they cause overvoltages at various frequencies. At the same time, there is an extensive class of nonlinear electrical circuits in which the excitation of autoparametric oscillations at the frequency of subharmonics forms the basis of phase-discrete frequency converting devices serving as secondary power sources. To study the regularities of excitation and maintaining of subharmonic oscillations at a frequency of ω/3 in three-phase ferroresonance circuits, theoretical and experimental studies of an equivalent model of a three-phase circuit with nonlinear inductance were carried out. A generalized nonlinear differential equation for a three-phase circuit with mixed connection of its elements is derived. The steady-state mode of subharmonic oscillations at a frequency of ω/3 is analyzed using the small parameter (averaging) method, which made it possible to determine their existence domains and circuit critical parameters. A mathematical model and algorithm for calculating autoparametric oscillations have been developed to study the subharmonic oscillation excitation processes at a frequency of ω/3 in three-phase ferroresonance circuits depending on the initial conditions, circuit parameters and input voltage. The theoretical study results have been confirmed experimentally.
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Gómez-Aguilar, J. F., J. Rosales-García, R. F. Escobar-Jiménez, M. G. López-López, V. M. Alvarado-Martínez, and V. H. Olivares-Peregrino. "On the Possibility of the Jerk Derivative in Electrical Circuits." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9740410.
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A subclass of dynamical systems with a time rate of change of acceleration are called Newtonian jerky dynamics. Some mechanical and acoustic systems can be interpreted as jerky dynamics. In this paper we show that the jerk dynamics are naturally obtained for electrical circuits using the fractional calculus approach with order γ. We consider fractional LC and RL electrical circuits with 1⩽γ<2 for different source terms. The LC circuit has a frequency ω dependent on the order of the fractional differential equation γ, since it is defined as ω(γ)=ω0γγ1-γ, where ω0 is the fundamental frequency. For γ=3/2, the system is described by a third-order differential equation with frequency ω~ω03/2, and assuming γ=2 the dynamics are described by a fourth differential equation for jerk dynamics with frequency ω~ω02.
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Tykhovod, Sergii, and Ihor Orlovskyi. "Development and Research of Method in the Calculation of Transients in Electrical Circuits Based on Polynomials." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 8550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228550.
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Long electromagnetic transients occur in electrical systems because of switching and impulse actions As a result, the simulation time of such processes can be long, which is undesirable. Simulation time is significantly increased if the circuit in the study is complex, and also if this circuit is described by a rigid system of state equations. Modern requests of design engineers require an increase in the speed of calculations for realizing a real-time simulation. This work is devoted to the development of a unified spectral method for calculating electromagnetic transients in electrical circuits based on the representation of solution functions by series in algebraic and orthogonal polynomials. The purpose of the work is to offer electrical engineers a method that can significantly reduce the time for modeling transients in electrical circuits. Research methods. Approximation of functions by orthogonal polynomials, numerical methods for integrating differential equations, matrix methods, programming and theory of electrical circuits. Obtained results. Methods for calculating transients in electrical circuits based on the approximation of solution functions by series in algebraic polynomials as well as in the Chebyshev, Hermite and Legendre polynomials, have been developed and investigated. The proposed method made it possible to convert integro-differential equations of state into linear algebraic equations for images of time-dependent functions. The developed circuit model simplifies the calculation method. The images of true current functions are interpreted as direct currents in the proposed equivalent circuit. A computer program for simulating the transient process in an electrical circuit was developed on the basis of the described methods. The performed comparison of methods made it possible to choose the best method and a way to use it. The advantages of the presented method over other known methods are to reduce the simulation time of electromagnetic transients (for the considered examples by more than 6 times) while ensuring the required accuracy. The calculation of the process in the circuit over a long time interval showed a decrease and stabilization of errors, which indicates the prospects for using research methods for calculating complex electrical circuits.
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Chatzinikolaou, Theodoros Panagiotis, Iosif-Angelos Fyrigos, Vasileios Ntinas, Stavros Kitsios, Michail-Antisthenis Tsompanas, Panagiotis Bousoulas, Dimitris Tsoukalas, Andrew Adamatzky, and Georgios Ch Sirakoulis. "Chemical Wave Computing from Labware to Electrical Systems." Electronics 11, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11111683.
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Unconventional and, specifically, wave computing has been repeatedly studied in laboratory based experiments by utilizing chemical systems like a thin film of Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reactions. Nonetheless, the principles demonstrated by this chemical computer were mimicked by mathematical models to enhance the understanding of these systems and enable a more detailed investigation of their capacity. As expected, the computerized counterparts of the laboratory based experiments are faster and less expensive. A further step of acceleration in wave-based computing is the development of electrical circuits that imitate the dynamics of chemical computers. A key component of the electrical circuits is the memristor which facilitates the non-linear behavior of the chemical systems. As part of this concept, the road-map of the inspiration from wave-based computing on chemical media towards the implementation of equivalent systems on oscillating memristive circuits was studied here. For illustration reasons, the most straightforward example was demonstrated, namely the approximation of Boolean gates.
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Rozegnał, Bartosz, Paweł Albrechtowicz, Dominik Mamcarz, Natalia Radwan-Pragłowska, and Artur Cebula. "The Short-Circuit Protections in Hybrid Systems with Low-Power Synchronous Generators." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010160.
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Single-phase short-circuits are most often faults in electrical systems. The analysis of this damage type is taken for backup power supply systems, from small power synchronous generators. For these hybrid installations, there is a need for standard protection devices, such as fuses or miniature circuit breaker (MCB) analysis. Experimental research mentioned that a typical protective apparatus in low-voltage installations, working correctly during supplying from the grid, does not guarantee fast off-switching, while short-circuits occur during supplication from the backup generator set. The analysis of single-phase short-circuits is executed both for current waveform character (including sub-transient and transient states) and the carried energy, to show the problems with the fuses and MCB usage, to protect circuits in installations fed in a hybrid way (from the grid and synchronous generator set).
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Kolářová, Edita. "Applications of second order stochastic integral equations to electrical networks." Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications 63, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tmmp-2015-0028.
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The theory of stochastic differential equations is used in various fields of science and engineering. This paper deals with vector-valued stochastic integral equations. We show some applications of the presented theory to the problem of modelling RLC electrical circuits by noisy parameters. From practical point of view, the second-order RLC circuits are of major importance, as they are the building blocks of more complex physical systems. The mathematical models of such circuits lead to the second order differential equations. We construct stochastic models of the RLC circuit by replacing a coefficient in the deterministic system with a noisy one. In this paper we present the analytic solution of these equations using the Itô calculus and compute confidence intervals for the stochastic solutions. Numerical simulations in the examples are performed using Matlab.
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Bilgehan, Bülent, Buğçe Eminağa, and Mustafa Riza. "New Solution Method for Electrical Systems Represented by Ordinary Differential Equation." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 02 (December 23, 2015): 1650011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500110.
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Electrical circuits based on linear and nonlinear modelling principles have difficulties to meet demands caused by a large amount of data generated and processed. The aim is to examine the existing models from bigeometric calculus point of view to obtain accuracy on the results. This work is an application of bigeometric Runge–Kutta (BRK4) method aiming to solve differential equations with nonzero initial condition. This type of work arises from applications where the systems are defined by ordinary differential equations such as noise, filter, audio, chaotic circuits, etc. Solutions to these types of equations are not always easy. The improvement in this work is obtained by introducing bigeometric calculus in the process of seeking a solution to differential equations. Different classes of input signals are applied as input to the system and processed to determine the accuracy of the output. The applicability is tested against the classical method called Runge–Kutta (RK4). Simulation results confirm the application of BRK4 method in electrical circuit analysis. The new method also provides better results for all types of input signals, i.e., linear, nonlinear, constant or Gaussian.
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BROCK, DARREN K. "RSFQ TECHNOLOGY: CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 11, no. 01 (March 2001): 307–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156401000861.
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Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum (RSFQ) logic is a superconductor IC technology that, with only a modest number of researchers worldwide, has produced some of the world's highest performance digital and mixed-signal circuits. This achievement is due, in part, to a constellation of characteristics that manifest themselves at the circuit level – namely, high-speed digital logic at low-power, ideal interconnects, quantum accuracy, scalability, and simplicity of fabrication. A necessary key to translating these advantages to the system-level involves understanding the I/O, synchronization, and packaging issues associated with a cryogenic technology. The objective of this paper is to review the status of current RSFQ circuit-level infrastructure components and their potential impact on system-level applications.
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Kosarev, Boris. "FERRORESONANT PROCESSES IN POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS WITH DISTRIBUTED GENERATION." Electrical and data processing facilities and systems 18, no. 3-4 (2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2022-18-3-4-56-64.
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Relevance The article is devoted to the study of the possibility of occurrence of ferroresonant processes in power supply systems with distributed generation. Ferroresonant processes cause overvoltages in electrical installations and lead to their failure. In backbone and distribution networks without distributed generation facilities, the phenomenon of ferroresonance has been studied quite deeply, effective hardware and operational measures have been developed to prevent the occurrence of ferroresonance surges in electrical installations. However, the issue of the occurrence of ferroresonant processes in power supply systems with distributed generation, which is a promising direction in the development of the energy sector, seems to be little studied. Aim of research The main aim of the research is to investigate circuit-mode conditions for the occurrence of ferroresonant processes in power supply systems with distributed generation. Research methods To study the circuit-mode conditions for the occurrence of ferroresonant processes in power supply systems with distributed generation, the main provisions of the theory of electrical complexes and systems, the theory of nonlinear electrical circuits, and the principles of controlling objects of electrical complexes and industrial systems were used. Results The circuit-mode conditions for the occurrence of ferroresonant processes in power supply systems with distributed generation are studied. The power supply system of a HF radio center, containing a power plant with a lower installed power or corresponding to the maximum power consumption of the load, was chosen as the object of study. The features of the scheme-mode conditions for the occurrence of ferroresonant processes under conditions of distributed generation are as follows. Due to the insignificant remoteness of distributed generation facilities and consumers, additional opportunities arise for subharmonic ferroresonant processes. When a generating plant is connected to low-voltage busbars, conditions are created for the occurrence of a ferroresonant process involving low-voltage windings of power transformers. The low dynamic stability of generating installations of distributed generation facilities based on synchronous generators reduces the likelihood and duration of ferroresonant processes in the event of phase wire breaks and short circuits on the power line. Generating plants connected via grid inverters have a limited output current and can be turned off by emergency automatics in the event of an emergency operation of the grid, which, as a rule, precedes the appearance of ferroresonant overvoltages in electrical installations. Thus, in power districts with distributed generation facilities, the circuit-mode conditions for the occurrence of ferroresonant processes, known in the centralized power supply system, undergo changes, and it is also possible to form new ferroresonant oscillatory circuits. Keywords: distributed generation, ferroresonant process, power supply system, oscillatory circuit, generating plant, relay protection and automation devices Acknoledgements: The work was carried out under the state order of the Omsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (project state registration number 122011200349-3).
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BERKOVICH, Y., and G. GOLAN. "ELECTRIC MODELS OF LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS AND THEIR ANALOGY TO THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 15, no. 04 (August 2006): 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126606003258.
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The paper deals with electric models applied in the investigation of complex systems, such as transport, economic, and neuron systems. The increasing interest in such systems can be explained by the fact that they are characterized by parallel (collective) means of complex calculation processes, under the influence of inner information processes. Electric models can also be looked upon as original structures for neuron-like systems. The paper puts emphasis on comparison between the electric models suggested by the authors, on the one hand, and the mechanical and thermal models, on the other hand. It has been shown that entropy phenomena, typical for the latter, can be closely compared to those of electric models, which are distinguished by pure electric values. Also, it has been shown that irreversible processes of energy dissipation, e.g., entropy processes in mechanical models, are corresponded to processes of energy concentration, energy transfer, and/or energy exchange in electric models. This enables us to shed a new light on processes in electric circuit, especially those concerning with structural improvements of electric circuitry and their self-organization, meaning a neg-entropic information character of these processes. Models of two economic tasks have been considered, wherein the calculation process is characterized under the influence of these processes. Assumption on the importance of reactive elements such as carriers of neg-entropy in electric circuits was made as well.
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Y. N., Sharath Kumar, and Dinesha P. "TFI-FTS: An efficient transient fault injection and fault-tolerant system for asynchronous circuits on FPGA platform." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 2704. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2704-2710.
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Designing VLSI digital circuits is challenging tasks because of testing the circuits concerning design time. The reliability and productivity of digital integrated circuits are primarily affected by the defects in the manufacturing process or systems. If the defects are more in the systems, which leads the fault in the systems. The fault tolerant systems are necessary to overcome the faults in the VLSI digital circuits. In this research article, an asynchronous circuits based an effective transient fault injection (TFI) and fault tolerant system (FTS) are modelled. The TFI system generates the faults based on BMA based LFSR with faulty logic insertion and one hot encoded register. The BMA based LFSR reduces the hardware complexity with less power consumption on-chip than standard LFSR method. The FTS uses triple mode redundancy (TMR) based majority voter logic (MVL) to tolerant the faults for asynchronous circuits. The benchmarked 74X-series circuits are considered as an asynchronous circuit for TMR logic. The TFI-FTS module is modeled using Verilog-HDL on Xilinx-ISE and synthesized on hardware platform. The Performance parameters are tabulated for TFI-FTS based asynchronous circuits. The performance of TFI-FTS Module is analyzed with 100% fault coverage. The fault coverage is validated using functional simulation of each asynchronous circuit with fault injection in TFI-FTS Module.
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Sapuppo, Francesca, Florinda Schembri, Luigi Fortuna, and Maide Bucolo. "Microfluidic circuits and systems." IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine 9, no. 3 (2009): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcas.2009.933853.
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CHEN, QINGQING, GYÖRGY CSABA, PAOLO LUGLI, ULF SCHLICHTMANN, MARTIN STUTZMANN, and ULRICH RÜHRMAIR. "CIRCUIT-BASED APPROACHES TO SIMPL SYSTEMS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 01 (February 2011): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126611007098.
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This paper presents circuit-based approaches to SIMPL Systems (SIMulation Possible, but Laborious Systems), which could be regarded as a "public-key" version of Physical Unclonable Functions. The use of these systems can help us to avoid some of the potential vulnerabilities of conventional cryptography, such as its dependency on secret binary keys. Two specially designed circuits for SIMPL systems are discussed: "skew" memories and massively parallel analog processor arrays known as Cellular Nonlinear Networks. We argue that these circuits are able to serve as SIMPL systems in practice, and discuss their security against numerical and physical attacks.
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KILIÇ, RECAİ. "IMPULSIVE SYNCHRONIZATION BETWEEN TWO MIXED-MODE CHAOTIC CIRCUITS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 14, no. 02 (April 2005): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126605002325.
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So far, impulsive synchronization method has been applied to several well-known chaotic circuits and systems such as Chua's circuit, Lorenz system and hyperchaotic circuit. Here, we present a study of impulsive synchronization of another chaotic circuit, namely mixed-mode chaotic circuit which oscillates both autonomous and nonautonomous chaotic dynamics. By choosing two mixed-mode chaotic circuits as driving and driven chaotic circuits, we investigated whether these circuits are synchronized impulsively or not by evaluating the minimum length of impulse width (Q), and the ratio of impulse width to impulse period (Q/T). The results of our investigation confirm that two mixed-mode chaotic circuits can be synchronized impulsively with very narrow impulse width.
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Ciontea, Catalin Iosif. "Symmetrical Components and Sequence Networks Connections for Short-Circuit Faults in Five-Phase Electrical Systems." Electricity 3, no. 3 (June 24, 2022): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity3030015.
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The method of symmetrical components is an important mathematical tool for electrical engineering, as it simplifies the analysis of unbalanced electrical circuits. The method is used almost exclusively for three-phase networks, but with the advancement of multiphase electrical systems, it could be convenient to utilize it for such systems as well. In this paper, the method of symmetrical components is used to analyze a generic five-phase electrical system for various short-circuit faults and to determine the sequence networks connections for these faults. The analysis performed covers the derivation of the symmetrical components for voltage/current and of fault currents. The analytical results and the inferred sequence networks connections are validated by computer simulations. This paper therefore extends the literature on short-circuit analysis of multiphase electrical systems using the method of symmetrical components.
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Tkachev, Alexander, Ivan Shkuropadsky, Sergey Basan, Alexander Pashkovskiy, and Dmitry Chernoivan. "Construction of the Scheme of Substitution of Magnetic Systems of Electrical Devices Using Connected Field Potentials." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 63, no. 5 (2020): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2020-5-5-16.
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The problem of developing an algorithm for the formalized construction of equivalent circuits for electro-mechanical devices containing several magnetic systems, the relative position of which in space can change, is considered and solved. It is assumed that the magnetic systems are made of anisotropic electrical steel with non-linear characteristics. Generalized formulations of boundary value problems describing the distribution of the magnetic field in the considered electrical systems and their variational formulations are given. A combined method of finite elements and complex boundary elements is described, which makes it possible to calculate the field in magnetic systems and in an area not filled with steel. A formalized procedure for constructing magnetic equivalent circuits for electrical devices using conjugate potentials that have the meaning of the scalar poten-tial and the magnetic field flux function is described. It is shown that the use of conjugate potentials makes it possible to directly find the magnetic fluxes and magnetic voltages used for constructing equivalent circuits without numerical differentiation and integration. A step-by-step algorithm for finding the equivalent circuit topology and component branch equations is described. An example of building a chain model of an electro-magnet is given. The estimation of the error in calculating its characteristics using a magnetic equivalent cir-cuit is carried out.
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Sousa, Vladimir, Hernán Hernández Herrera, Enrique C Quispe, Percy R Viego, and Julio R Gómez. "Harmonic Distortion Evaluation Generated by PWM Motor Drives in Electrical Industrial Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 3207. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3207-3216.
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This paper evaluates the harmonic distortion generated by PWM motor drives in an electrical industrial system of a wheat flour mill company. For this, a comparative study between two industrial circuits connected at the same point of common coupling (PCC) with similar characteristics of load and transformers is presented. The difference is that one circuit has PWM motor drives and the other does not have them. In the study, a practical method based on the statistical characterization of the total harmonic distortion of voltage (THDV) and current (THDI), individual voltage distortion (IVD), individual current distortion (ICD) and K-Factor is applied. As result, it was observed that PWM motor drives generated voltage harmonics mainly of fifth and seventh order with values that exceed limits established by standards in both circuits. With these values, the operation of elements such as capacitors, motors and transformers can be affected. In the work is also demonstrated that in the analysis of harmonics is necessary to consider various parameters and not only one.
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De Los Santos, H. J. "Nanoelectromechanical quantum circuits and systems." Proceedings of the IEEE 9, no. 11 (November 2003): 1907–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2003.818321.
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Kaczorek, Tadeusz. "Normal positive electrical circuits." IET Control Theory & Applications 9, no. 5 (March 19, 2015): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2014.0183.
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Ahn, Choi, Lim, and Yu. "Electrical Coupling and Simulation of Monolithic 3D Logic Circuits and Static Random Access Memory." Micromachines 10, no. 10 (September 23, 2019): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10100637.
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In order to simulate a circuit by applying various logic circuits and full chip using the HSPICE model, which can consider electrical coupling proposed in the previous research, it is investigated whether additional electrical coupling other than electrical coupling by top and bottom layer exists. Additional electrical coupling were verified through device simulation and confirmed to be blocked by heavily doped source/drain. Comparing the HSPICE circuit simulation results using the newly proposed monolithic 3D NAND (M3DNAND) structure in the technology computer-aided design (TCAD) mixed-mode and monolithic 3D inverter (M3DINV) unit cell model was once more verified. It is possible to simulate various logic circuits using the previously proposed M3DINV unit cell model. We simulated the operation and performances of M3DNAND, M3DNOR, 2 × 1 multiplexer (MUX), D flip-flop (D-FF), and static random access memry (SRAM).
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Melnik, V. G., P. I. Borshchov, S. V. Dzyadevych, and O. Y. Saiapina. "METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF LOCAL CHANGES IN ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY OF SOLUTIONS IN DIFFERENTIAL CONDUCTOMETRIC BIOSENSOR SYSTEMS." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini, no. 61 (May 25, 2022): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2022.61.062.
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A method for measuring local changes in the electrical conductivity of solutions using differential conductometric sensors is considered. The method makes it possible to significantly reduce the measurement error due to changes in the background electrical conductivity of the measuring medium when applying the test substance with non-identical parameters of equivalent electrical circuits of the sensor components. The bridge measuring circuit is brought to a quasi-balanced state, while the voltages in the sections of the working solution of the working and reference transducers of the sensor coincide in phase with each other, and their values are proportional to the conductivity of these sections. At the same time, changes in the background electrical conductivity of the solution do not lead to a change in the imbalance signal of the bridge circuit, which allows measuring the informative local change in the electrical conductivity of the working transducer with high sensitivity. The method can be used for highly sensitive and accurate quantification of solutions of electrically conductive substances in technological processes in the energy, chemical, and food industries, in the latest technologies, in particular in biosensor analyzers. The research results of the experimental sample of the conductometric analyzer are given. Ref. 9, table.
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Mourad, Samiha. "Computer-Aided Testing Systems: Evaluation and Benchmark Circuits." VLSI Design 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/89495.
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As the demand on Computer-Aided Testing Systems (CATS)—Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) and logic and fault simulations as well as testability analysis—increases and the choice becomes more varied, a need to compare the merits of the different systems emerges. Benchmark circuits are used to carry out the comparisons.In this paper, criteria for selecting the benchmark circuits are discussed. These criteria are partly based on the results of experiments carried out to characterize CATS. The focus is particularly on Automatic Test Pattern Generators. The preliminary results show that there is no general agreement on how: 1) fault collapsing is performed, and 2) fault coverage is calculated. In addition, the performance of the ATPGs depends on the circuit representation, topology and size as well as the algorithm. In order to compare the performance of the ATPGs as the circuit under test increases in complexity, it is important to use regular structures that consist of replication of medium size circuits. Practical considerations involved in benchmarking are also examined. Emphasis is on the transfer of circuits between different CATS systems and the use of EDIF as a neutral exchange language.
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Ma, Siyu, Ping Zhou, Jun Ma, and Chunni Wang. "Phase synchronization of memristive systems by using saturation gain method." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 09 (April 10, 2020): 2050074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220500745.
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A variety of electric components can be used to bridge connection to the nonlinear circuits, and continuous pumping and consumption of energy are critical for voltage balance between the output end. The realization and stability of synchronization are mainly dependent on the physical properties of coupling channel, which can be built by using different electric components such as resistor, capacitor, induction coil and even memristor. In this paper, a memristive nonlinear circuit developed from Chua circuit is presented for investigation of synchronization, and capacitor, induction coil are jointed with resistor for building artificial synapse which connects one output of two identical memristive circuits. The capacitance and inductance of the coupling channel are carefully adjusted with slight step increase to estimate the threshold of coupling intensity supporting complete synchronization. As a result, the saturation gain method applied to realize the synchronization between chaotic circuits and physical mechanism is presented.
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Gómez, J. C., D. Toum, C. Reineri, and F. Romero. "Fuses in distribution systems: new applications in DC circuits." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 19 (September 2021): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj19.314.
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The vast majority of distribution systems currently in use, work with alternating current at 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Several of the distributed resources (generators or storage) supply electrical energy in the form of direct current. Also, there are continuous end-use applications such as centralized variable speed drives, and the rapidly growing application in electric cars which has recently started. This panorama leads to the growing interest in the application of fuses in direct current systems, not as an adaptation of the alternating current fuse but as a specific design. The article presents the crucial differences between direct and alternating circuits, oriented to the operation of the fuse, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, citing the complications in the design that are required for this growing application. The continuous operation of the fuse is explained in its three fundamental parts: pre-arc, arc and post-arc. The most important current applications are analyzed, such as the protection of: circuits with batteries, circuits of electric vehicles for individual use, power electronics, photovoltaic cells, public transport and circuits in mining. It is concluded in the need to deepen the study of these applications in order to achieve specific fuses designs for direct current and not mere adaptations of the traditional alternating current fuse designs.
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Xun, Russell Yang Qi. "Emerging Scientists Supplementary Issue II: Topological Circuits - A Stepping Stone in the Topological Revolution." Molecular Frontiers Journal 04, Supp01 (January 1, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2529732520970020.
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The 2016 Nobel prize in physics was awarded to the pioneers who studied topological systems in Condensed Matter Physics such as the Quantum Hall Effect, where edge currents in a material are restricted to discrete values. Topology was developed to study geometric structures where only global properties are of concern (like the number of holes in an object). It has since been applied to physical systems with remarkable success; such as circuit theory. In this project, Kirchhoff ’s Laws are reformulated so that circuits can be analysed using the powerful tool of topology. This sheds light on the properties of exotic real materials such as graphene[1]. The quantum edge effect in a polyacetylene chain happens only when the edge of the chain is conducting. This was recreated experimentally using electrical circuits. Physical laws govern the properties of the bulk in a material to that of the edge. However, dissipation introduced into circuits using voltage controlled current sources was shown to have broken these laws. Results are attributed to boundary conditions affecting all states in the bulk, not just edge states, implying a new state of matter. Studying Condensed matter systems using electrical circuits gives physicists an accessible, scalable and inexpensive way to study real materials.
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Kryukov, Andrey, Konstantin Suslov, Le Van Thao, Tran Duy Hung, and Azat Akhmetshin. "Power Flow Modeling of Multi-Circuit Transmission Lines." Energies 15, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 8249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218249.
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To reduce the allocation of land for the construction of electric power facilities, it is possible to leverage multi-circuit overhead transmission lines (MCTLs), in which the conductors of several circuits of different voltage classes are placed on the same tower. The unique features of the arrangement of conductors on MCTL towers cause unequal inductances and capacitances of different phases. In addition, there are significant mutual electromagnetic influences on the line circuits. To account for these factors, it is advisable to model the power flow of electric power systems equipped with MCTLs using the phase frame of reference. On the basis of such models, it is possible to determine the power flows while taking into account lateral and transverse asymmetries and to analyze electromagnetic safety conditions along the routes of multi-circuit transmission lines. We proposed a technique for modeling power flows and electromagnetic fields of multi-circuit power transmission lines, in which conductors of several circuits of different voltage classes are placed on the same tower. The methodology is based on the application of phase coordinates, which are the most natural description of three-phase power systems. The method is versatile enough to be applied to solving the specified problems for MCTLs of different designs. The article presents the results of research aimed at developing a method for modeling MCTL power flows. The results of modeling power flows of an electrical network including a three-circuit power transmission line are presented. The practical use of the models developed by the authors will make it possible to make well-grounded choices regarding the options for the use of multi-circuit power lines.
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Deans, N. D., S. J. Chalmers, C. Paterson, and A. Jutagir. "Computer Aided Design of Systems at Functional Level." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 26, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072098902600122.
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Existing CAD tools are largely used to examine and verify the behaviour of circuits already designed by engineers. This paper describes high-level behavioural modelling facilities developed to simulate algorithmic state machines and digital signal processing systems and so confirm their behaviour before detailed circuit design work is undertaken.