Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electrical circuits and systems

Academic literature on the topic 'Electrical circuits and systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Electrical circuits and systems"

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Kaczorek, Tadeusz. "Singular fractional linear systems and electrical circuits." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-011-0028-8.

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Singular fractional linear systems and electrical circuitsA new class of singular fractional linear systems and electrical circuits is introduced. Using the Caputo definition of the fractional derivative, the Weierstrass regular pencil decomposition and the Laplace transformation, the solution to the state equation of singular fractional linear systems is derived. It is shown that every electrical circuit is a singular fractional system if it contains at least one mesh consisting of branches only with an ideal supercapacitor and voltage sources or at least one node with branches with supercoils.
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Matveenko, Valerii, Maksim Iurlov, Dmitrii Oshmarin, Nataliya Sevodina, and Nataliia Iurlova. "Modelling of vibrational processes in systems with piezoelements and external electric circuits on the basis of their electrical analogue." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 16 (June 11, 2018): 3254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18781025.

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The dissipative properties of electromechanical systems based on structure with elements made of piezomaterial can be controlled by attaching external electric circuits to the piezoelements. One can change electric circuit parameters in such a way as to ensure the greatest possible energy dissipation on an external electric circuit and, thereby, the best damping of the system’s specified oscillation frequency. Since the external electric circuits are a collection of elements with lumped parameters attached to a system with distributed parameters, the solution for such a system of electro-viscoelasticity problems in the complete formulation by the finite element method leads to a large solving system of algebraic equations. The solution of this system requires considerable time and computational resources. There are known approaches in mechanics that make it possible to represent mechanical systems with distributed parameters in the form of discrete systems with lumped parameters, such as a spring–mass–damper. In this article, it is proposed to model electromechanical systems with external electric circuits based on their electrical analogue in the form of equivalent electric substitution circuits, which are discrete electrical systems with lumped parameters. These discrete systems are analogues of the initial electromechanical systems in terms of frequency characteristics and the electrical processes that take place in them. The equivalent substitution circuit is based on the Van Dyke model and allows one to obtain the required number of complex eigenfrequencies of the electromechanical system under consideration.
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Kumar, Umesh. "A Retrospection of Chaotic Phenomena in Electrical Systems." Active and Passive Electronic Components 21, no. 1 (1998): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/32462.

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In the last decade new phenomena have been observed in all areas of non linear dynamics, principal among these being ‘Chaotic phenomena’. Chaos has been reported virtually from every scientific discipline. This paper summarizes a study of the chaotic phenomena in electrical systems and attempts to translate the mathematical ideas and techniques into language that engineers and applied scientists can use to study ‘Chaos’. Towards this end, the paper has summarized the study of chaos in several examples like Chua’s circuit family; Folded Torus circuit; non-autonomous circuits; switched capacitor circuits and hyper-chaos circuits. As observed in power systems, control systems and digital filters, chaos has been exhibited and shown on examples.
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Modes, Christina, Melanie Bawohl, Jochen Langer, Jessica Reitz, Anja Eisert, Mark Challingsworth, Virginia Garcia, and Sarah Groman. "Thick Film Pastes for Power Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, CICMT (September 1, 2013): 000155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-wp24.

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Electronic circuits made by thick film technology are commonly used today in electronic circuitry for automotive applications. Densely packed multi-layer hybrid circuits are very well established for motor and transmission management in standard gasoline fuelled vehicles. As automotive technology shifts from mechanical systems to electrical systems and toward more electrically driven vehicles, such as hybrid electric vehicles and full electric vehicles, thick film systems need to be adapted to fit the challenges and needs of these new applications. The following is a description of a new set of thick film pastes, both precious and base metal, which have attributes and performance suitable for power electronics in automotive applications. The materials provide a means to use common thick film technology to build power circuits to meet the new needs, such as high current carrying capacity and thermal dissipation.
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WAH WU, CHAI, GUO-QUN ZHONG, and LEON O. CHUA. "SYNCHRONIZING NONAUTONOMOUS CHAOTIC SYSTEMS WITHOUT PHASE-LOCKING." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 06, no. 03 (June 1996): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126696000182.

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Pecora and Carroll1 have shown how two nonautonomous chaotic circuits driven by periodic forcing can be synchronized using the master-slave driving principle. However, in their scheme, the periodic forcing in both circuits needs to be phase-locked through some additional circuitry for the system to synchronize. In this paper, we show two ways in which this can be avoided. In the first scheme, the two circuits are connected in a master-slave driving configuration and the periodic forcing is included in the driving signal such that it eliminates the need for the slave circuit to have an external periodic forcing signal. In addition, we can recover the periodic forcing signal at the slave circuit. In the second scheme, the two circuits are connected in a mutual coupling configuration. The two circuits will synchronize regardless of what the periodic forcing signals of the two circuits are. In particular, the two periodic forcing signals could have different phases, different frequencies, or different shapes. We discuss two interpretations of these synchronization schemes. First, we consider them as communication systems when the periodic forcing signal is replaced by a properly encoded information signal. We illustrate this in a physical circuit implementation. Second, we consider them as synchronization schemes for nonidentical systems by considering the external forcing signal as an error signal due to the difference between the two systems.
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Pana, L. "Simulation of protection functions in LV shipboard electrical power systems." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXV, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-22-i1-001.

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The basic function of a shipboard electric power systems is to supply all consumers, both essential and non-essential, with electrical energy, as economically as possible and with an acceptable degree of quality. A shipboard electrical power system comprises three principal subsystems: generation (naval power plant-island mode plant), distribution and protection and automation. During operation all these subsystems may be affected by faults. In this aim all electrical installations on shipboards are to be protected against over-currents due to short- circuits or accidental overloads. The new ABB air circuit-breakers Emax 2 and Tmax T series can be used both as main circuit-breaker in low voltage generation and distribution systems. In addition to protection, the new air ABB circuit-breakers offer possibility of communication which are particularly suitable for automation, control, measurements, grid analysis, and energy savings. ABB Relays are high-performance electronic units for these circuit breakers. Their basic function is to monitor and protect the electric systems against fault current. The units also includes: measuring, data storage, communication, self-test, load control and zone selectivity functions for these circuit-breakers. This paper presents the analysis of protections and simulates how to trigger protections within shipboard power systems.
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Flatscher, Matthias, Markus Neumayer, Thomas Bretterklieber, and Hannes Wegleiter. "Transmission Lines in Capacitance Measurement Systems: An Investigation of Receiver Structures." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031148.

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Dielectric sensing based on capacitive measurement technology is a favourable measurement approach in many industries and fields of application. From an electrical point of view, a coupling capacitance must be measured in the presence of stray capacitances. Different receiver circuit structures have been proposed for the underlying displacement current measurement. Ideally, the sensor assembly is directly connected to the sensor circuitry to minimize the influence with respect to these parasitic capacitances. However, under harsh operating conditions, e.g., at high temperatures, the sensor and the receiver circuit must be separated in order to protect the electronics. Consequently, the receiver circuit and the sensor have to be connected by cables, e.g., coaxial cables. The measurement setup differs significantly from the ideal design with a direct connection. In this paper, we investigate the behaviour of three common measurement circuits for capacitive measurements in instrumentations with cables. We study the interaction between the sensor and the electronics and analyse the operating behaviour of the circuit, as well as the operating states of the amplifiers used. We also address cross-sensitivities in the sensor design due to stray capacitances. The analyses are carried out for different cable lengths and measuring frequencies, and conditions for the usability of the circuit are deduced. In addition to the operational behaviour, we also evaluate the circuits by means of a noise analyses. Based on this analysis, we show a direct comparison of the circuits. The analysis is based on simulation studies, as well as collaborative measurements on test circuits where all circuit parameters are provided. The test circuits are realized with dedicated state-of-the-art circuit elements and, together with the analysis approach and the results, thus provide a basis for future developments.
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Kaczorek, T. "Positive time-varying continuous-time linear systems and electrical circuits." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2015-0095.

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AbstractThe positivity of time-varying continuous-time linear systems and electrical circuits are addressed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the positivity of the systems and electrical circuits are established. It is shown that there exists a large class of positive electrical circuits with time-varying parameters. Examples of positive electrical circuits are presented.
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Mroczkowski, Paweł, and Mirosław Neska. "Analysis Method for Finding the Sources of Failures in Circuits with a Frequency Converter." Solid State Phenomena 237 (August 2015): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.124.

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The dynamic development of devices that use electrical and electronic components makes it necessary to eliminate sources of interference occurring in circuits with systems of this type. These disturbances adversely affect the correct functioning other systems that work together as a network, as well as equipment located in neighbouring systems. The article presents a method of the analysis of the sources of faults occurring in electrical circuits, using a frequency converter. The discussed principle of the operation of the frequency converter and the impact of disturbances generated by these installations are presented in this article. The evaluation methodology of the installation is presented using the requirements of the Harmonized Standards and the authors’ own solutions. The verification of the method was conducted by applying it to a real electrical circuit. The potential sources of electrical faults were identified that were caused by the frequency converters and its circuit. The developed and presented analysis method of the faults sources can be used for evaluating other circuits of this type in which one of subsystems is a frequency converter circuit.
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Karimov, R. "USING OPTOELECTRONIC NONCON TRONIC NONCONTACT VOLTAGE RELAY IN ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS." Technical science and innovation 2019, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.19.2.-77-0028.

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In the article based on the results of the analysis of the existing opto-thyristor resistive circuits, a new scheme of the optoelectronic contactless voltage relay has been developed and its application in the power supply system has been considered. The possibility of controlling the operating modes of various installations amplifying electrical signals using optothyristors is presented and the ways of their inclusion in electrical circuits are presented. The optoelectronic contactless voltage relays were tested in laboratory conditions to obtain an input-output characteristic and a form of capacitance voltage. Based on the improvement of the proposed circuit, a circuit of an optoelectronic contactless voltage relay is developed and provide a high degree of reliability. The simulation of the proposed voltage relay circuits is performed using the MATLAB R2014a program, the results of which show that changes in the shape of the output voltage curve are close to a sinusoid and coincide with the results obtained analytically. As a result the obtained conditions of use make it possible to obtain a voltage with a sinusoidal shape on the load and achieve a relay return coefficient close to unity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electrical circuits and systems"

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Smith, Nathan. "Substrate integrated waveguide circuits and systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92388.

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This thesis investigates substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based interconnects, components, and systems. SIWs are high performance broadband interconnects with excellent immunity to electromagnetic interference and suitable for use in microwave and millimetre-wave electronics, as well as wideband systems. They are very low-cost in comparison to the classic milled metallic waveguides as they may be developed using inexpensive printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication techniques. In this thesis, the interconnect design is studied by investigating the modes supported by SIW using fullwave simulations. Also, SIW transitions, as well as miniaturization methods to decrease the waveguide footprint are evaluated. Next, a miniaturized Wilkinson SIW power divider is developed exhibiting excellent isolation of up to 40dB between its output ports. Another SIW component investigated in this thesis is an SIW cavity resonator. A circular SIW cavity resonator fed by a microstrip line and via probe through an opening on the top cavity wall is designed. The aperture on the top wall creates a radiating folded slot and measurements show a gain of 7.76dB for this cavity-backed antenna at 16.79GHz. The antenna exhibits a bandwidth of 250MHz (return loss > 10dB). With this resonator, a microwave oscillator is designed to produce a 10dBm tone. Measurements of the fabricated oscillator demonstrate a low phase noise of -82dBc/Hz. Finally, a new SIW component, i.e. tapered SIW reflector, is designed to counteract the dispersive behavior of an SIW interconnect near cutoff. Two dispersion equalization systems are implemented using either a circulator or a coupler to route the compensated reflected signal. The systems are tested when a 1Gbps pseudo-random binary signal is up-converted to 10.7GHz and launched into the SIW interconnect. Observation of the compensated output eye-diagrams reveals achievement of a lower distortion in the highly dispersive band just above the cutoff frequency.
Cette thèse examine des interconnexions, des composantes et des systèmes basés sur des guides d'ondes intégrés au substrat (GIS). Les GIS sont des interconnexions de haute performance à large bande qui possèdent d'excellentes caractéristiques d'immunité contre les interférences électromagnétiques et qu'on pourrait utiliser dans des systèmes microondes et des circuits d'ondes millimétriques. Le coût des GIS est très faible comparativement à celui des guides d'ondes métalliques communs, car leur fabrication utilise des techniques peu coûteuses de production de cartes de circuits imprimés. Cette thèse étudie, au moyen de simulations à onde entière, le design de l'interconnexion et les modes supportés par le GIS. De plus, la thèse évalue les transitions des GIS ainsi que les méthodes de miniaturisation visant à diminuer l'empreinte du guide d'onde. Ensuite, la thèse expose le développement d'un répartiteur de puissance GIS Wilkinson qui possède d'excellentes propriétés isolantes allant jusqu'à 40dB entre les bornes de sortie. La thèse examine aussi une autre composante GIS: un résonateur à cavité GIS. La thèse décrit la conception d'un résonateur à cavité GIS qui est alimenté par une ligne microbande et une sonde passées par une aperture sur le mur supérieur de la cavité. L'aperture dans le mur supérieur crée une encoche plissée rayonnante, et des mesures ont révélé un gain de 7,76dB pour l'antenne adossée d'une cavité de 16,79 GHz. L'antenne possède une bande passante de 250MHz (perte de réflexion > 10dB). En plus de ce résonateur, un oscillateur micro-onde est conçu pour produire une tonalité de 10dBm. Les mesures de l'oscillateur fabriqué montrent un faible bruit de phase de -82dBc/Hz. Enfin, une nouvelle composante de GIS (un réflecteur effilé) est conçue pour compenser la caractéristique dispersive d'une interconnexion GIS près de la fréquence de coupure. Deux systèmes de correction de la disp
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Tassoudji, Mohammad Ali. "Electromagnetic interference in electronic circuits and systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35392.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-198).
by Mohammad Ali Tassoudji.
Ph.D.
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Tavakoli, Dastjerdi Maziar 1976. "Analog VLSI circuits for inertial sensory systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86766.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-68).
by Maziar Tavakoli Dastjerdi.
S.M.
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Macqueen, Christopher Neil. "Time based load-flow analysis and loss costing in electrical distribution systems." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1700/.

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El-Damak, Dina Reda. "Power management circuits for ultra-low power systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99821.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 137-145).
Power management circuits perform a wide range of vital tasks for electronic systems including DC-DC conversion, energy harvesting, battery charging and protection as well as dynamic voltage scaling. The impact of the efficiency of the power management circuits is highly profound for ultra-low power systems such as implantable, ingestible or wearable devices. Typically the size of the system for such applications does not allow the integration of a large energy storage device. Therefore, extreme energy efficiency of the power management circuits is critical for extended operation time. In addition, flexibility and small form factor are desirable to conform to the human body and reduce the system's over all size. Thus, this thesis presents highly efficient and miniature power converters for multiple applications using architecture and circuit level optimization as well as emerging technologies. The first part presents a power management IC (PMIC) featuring an integrated reconfigurable switched capacitor DC-DC converter using on-chip ferroelectric caps in 130 nm CMOS process. Digital pulse frequency modulation and gain selection circuits allow for efficient output voltage regulation. The converter utilizes four gain settings (1, 2/3, 1/2, 1/3) to support an output voltage of 0.4 V to 1.1 V from 1.5 V input while delivering load current of 20 [mu]A to 1 mA. The PMIC occupies 0.366 mm² and achieves a peak efficiency of 93% including the control circuit overhead at a load current of 500 [mu]A. The second part presents a solar energy harvesting system with 3.2 nW overall quiescent power. The chip integrates self-startup, battery management, supplies 1 V regulated rail with a single inductor and supports power range of 10 nW to 1 [mu]W. The control circuit is designed in an asynchronous fashion that scales the effective switching frequency of the converter with the level of the power transferred. The ontime of the converter switches adapts dynamically to the input and output voltages for peak-current control and zero-current switching. The system has been implemented in 180 nm CMOS process. For input power of 500 nW, the proposed system achieves an efficiency of 82%, including the control circuit overhead, while charging a battery at 3 V from 0.5 V input. The third part focuses on developing an energy harvesting system for an ingestible device using gastric acid. An integrated switched capacitor DC-DC converter is designed to efficiently power sensors and RF transmitter with a 2.5 V regulated voltage rail. A reconfigurable Dickson topology with four gain settings (3, 4, 6, 10) is used to support a wide input voltage range from 0.3 V to 1.1 V. The converter is designed in 65 nm CMOS process and achieves a peak efficiency of 80% in simulation for output power of 2 [mu]W. The last part focuses on flexible circuit design using Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS₂), one of the emerging 2D materials. A computer-aided design flow is developed for MoS₂-based circuits supporting device modeling, circuit simulation and parametric cell-based layout - which paves the road for the realization of large-scale flexible MoS₂ systems.
by Dina Reda El-Damak.
Ph. D.
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Mandal, Soumyajit 1979. "Far field RF power extraction circuits and systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28551.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-199).
In this thesis, I describe efficient methods for extracting DC power from electromagnetic radiation. This will become an important necessity for a number of applications involving remotely powered devices, such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and bionic implants. I first investigate the problem abstractly, allowing theoretical bounds on system performance to be derived. Next I devise circuit, antenna and impedance matching network design strategies to efficiently approach these theoretical bounds. Finally, I use these strategies to create an experimental power extraction system that collects RF power at low electromagnetic field strengths. This system enables a substantial increase in the operating range of remotely powered devices.
by Soumyajit Mandal.
S.M.
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Zhang, Zheng Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Uncertainty quantification for integrated circuits and microelectrornechanical systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99855.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 155-168).
Uncertainty quantification has become an important task and an emerging topic in many engineering fields. Uncertainties can be caused by many factors, including inaccurate component models, the stochastic nature of some design parameters, external environmental fluctuations (e.g., temperature variation), measurement noise, and so forth. In order to enable robust engineering design and optimal decision making, efficient stochastic solvers are highly desired to quantify the effects of uncertainties on the performance of complex engineering designs. Process variations have become increasingly important in the semiconductor industry due to the shrinking of micro- and nano-scale devices. Such uncertainties have led to remarkable performance variations at both circuit and system levels, and they cannot be ignored any more in the design of nano-scale integrated circuits and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). In order to simulate the resulting stochastic behaviors, Monte Carlo techniques have been employed in SPICE-like simulators for decades, and they still remain the mainstream techniques in this community. Despite of their ease of implementation, Monte Carlo simulators are often too time-consuming due to the huge number of repeated simulations. This thesis reports the development of several stochastic spectral methods to accelerate the uncertainty quantification of integrated circuits and MEMS. Stochastic spectral methods have emerged as a promising alternative to Monte Carlo in many engineering applications, but their performance may degrade significantly as the parameter dimensionality increases. In this work, we develop several efficient stochastic simulation algorithms for various integrated circuits and MEMS designs, including problems with both low-dimensional and high-dimensional random parameters, as well as complex systems with hierarchical design structures. The first part of this thesis reports a novel stochastic-testing circuit/MEMS simulator as well as its advanced simulation engine for radio-frequency (RF) circuits. The proposed stochastic testing can be regarded as a hybrid variant of stochastic Galerkin and stochastic collocation: it is an intrusive simulator with decoupled computation and adaptive time stepping inside the solver. As a result, our simulator gains remarkable speedup over standard stochastic spectral methods and Monte Carlo in the DC, transient and AC simulation of various analog, digital and RF integrated circuits. An advanced uncertainty quantification algorithm for the periodic steady states (or limit cycles) of analog/RF circuits is further developed by combining stochastic testing and shooting Newton. Our simulator is verified by various integrated circuits, showing 10² x to 10³ x speedup over Monte Carlo when a similar level of accuracy is required. The second part of this thesis presents two approaches for hierarchical uncertainty quantification. In hierarchical uncertainty quantification, we propose to employ stochastic spectral methods at different design hierarchies to simulate efficiently complex systems. The key idea is to ignore the multiple random parameters inside each subsystem and to treat each subsystem as a single random parameter. The main difficulty is to recompute the basis functions and quadrature rules that are required for the high-level uncertainty quantification, since the density function of an obtained low-level surrogate model is generally unknown. In order to address this issue, the first proposed algorithm computes new basis functions and quadrature points in the low-level (and typically high-dimensional) parameter space. This approach is very accurate; however it may suffer from the curse of dimensionality. In order to handle high-dimensional problems, a sparse stochastic testing simulator based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) is developed to accelerate the low-level simulation. At the high-level, a fast algorithm based on tensor decompositions is proposed to compute the basis functions and Gauss quadrature points. Our algorithm is verified by some MEMS/IC co-design examples with both low-dimensional and high-dimensional (up to 184) random parameters, showing about 102 x speedup over the state-of-the-art techniques. The second proposed hierarchical uncertainty quantification technique instead constructs a density function for each subsystem by some monotonic interpolation schemes. This approach is capable of handling general low-level possibly non-smooth surrogate models, and it allows computing new basis functions and quadrature points in an analytical way. The computational techniques developed in this thesis are based on stochastic differential algebraic equations, but the results can also be applied to many other engineering problems (e.g., silicon photonics, heat transfer problems, fluid dynamics, electromagnetics and power systems). There exist lots of research opportunities in this direction. Important open problems include how to solve high-dimensional problems (by both deterministic and randomized algorithms), how to deal with discontinuous response surfaces, how to handle correlated non-Gaussian random variables, how to couple noise and random parameters in uncertainty quantification, how to deal with correlated and time-dependent subsystems in hierarchical uncertainty quantification, and so forth.
by Zheng Zhang.
Ph. D.
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Groom, C. G. "Fuzzy logic and its application to dynamic security assessment of electrical power systems." Thesis, University of Bath, 1994. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239955.

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Arfin, Scott K. (Scott Kenneth). "Low power circuits and systems for wireless neural stimulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65999.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-161).
Electrical stimulation of tissues is an increasingly valuable tool for treating a variety of disorders, with applications including cardiac pacemakers, cochlear implants, visual prostheses, deep brain stimulators, spinal cord stimulators, and muscle stimulators. Brain implants for paralysis treatments are increasingly providing sensory feedback via neural stimulation. Within the field of neuroscience, the perturbation of neuronal circuits wirelessly in untethered, freely-behaving animals is of particular importance. In implantable systems, power consumption is often the limiting factor in determining battery or power coil size, cost, and level of tissue heating, with stimulation circuitry typically dominating the power budget of the entire implant. Thus, there is strong motivation to improve the energy efficiency of implantable electrical stimulators. In this thesis, I present two examples of low-power tissue stimulators. The first type is a wireless, low-power neural stimulation system for use in freely behaving animals. The system consists of an external transmitter and a miniature, implantable wireless receiver-and-stimulator utilizing a custom integrated chip built in a standard 0.5 ptm CMOS process. Low power design permits 12 days of continuous experimentation from a 5 mAh battery, extended by an automatic sleep mode that reduces standby power consumption by 2.5x. To test this device, bipolar stimulating electrodes were implanted into the songbird motor nucleus HVC of zebra finches. Single-neuron recordings revealed that wireless stimulation of HVC led to a strong increase of spiking activity in its downstream target, the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA). When this device was used to deliver biphasic pulses of current randomly during singing, singing activity was prematurely terminated in all birds tested. The second stimulator I present is a novel, energy-efficient electrode stimulator with feedback current regulation. This stimulator uses inductive storage and recycling of energy based on a dynamic power supply to drive an electrode in an adiabatic fashion such that energy consumption is minimized. Since there are no explicit current sources or current limiters, wasteful energy dissipation across such elements is naturally avoided. The stimulator also utilizes a shunt current-sensor to monitor and regulate the current through the electrode via feedback, thus enabling flexible and safe stimulation. The dynamic power supply allows efficient transfer of energy both to and from the electrode, and is based on a DC-DC converter topology that is used in a bidirectional fashion. In an exemplary electrode implementation, I show how the stimulator combines the efficiency of voltage control and the safety and accuracy of current control in a single low-power integrated-circuit built in a standard 0.35 pm CMOS process. I also perform a theoretical analysis of the energy efficiency that is in accord with experimental measurements. In its current proof-of-concept implementation, this stimulator achieves a 2x-3x reduction in energy consumption as compared to a conventional current-source-based stimulator operating from a fixed power supply.
by Scott Kenneth Arfin.
Ph.D.
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Paidimarri, Arun. "Circuits and protocols for low duty cycle wireless systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103674.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 191-200).
IoT devices are helping improve efficiency and expanding capabilities in an increasing number of applications including industrial, home and personal fitness. Device lifetimes are still a concern, and improved energy efficiency is needed. Additionally, aggressive duty cycling is needed to operate these IoT devices in severely energy-constrained applications. Wireless communication, which consumes a large fraction of the power in these devices, is the primary focus of this thesis. We present circuit (active RF, leakage management and timing) and protocol (medium access and coding) techniques for total power minimization in low duty cycle systems. First, we present a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) transmitter optimized for low duty cycles. It maintains a high efficiency >40% while delivering +10dBm. At the same time, aggressive power gating brings the leakage down to <400pW, giving an on/off power ratio of 7.6 x 10⁷. Second, we look at protocols for low duty cycle wireless communication. The tradeoffs between network capacity and sensor node power consumption are considered and a fully asynchronous protocol is proposed. Additionally, we look at two coding techniques, Digital Network Coding (DNC) and Spinal coding, to enhance the intrinsic range of communication. Finally, for systems requiring accurate clocks, the standard is to use crystal oscillators. However, in order to reduce cost and board area, we propose a fully-integrated RC oscillator architecture that achieves high stability while maintaining low power. Overall, the techniques explored in this thesis aim to expand operation of IoT devices to ever more energy constrained situations and with increased lifetimes.
by Arun Paidimarri.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Electrical circuits and systems"

1

Kaczorek, Tadeusz, and Krzysztof Rogowski. Fractional Linear Systems and Electrical Circuits. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11361-6.

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Díaz, Carlos H. Modeling of Electrical Overstress in Integrated Circuits. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995.

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Smith, Ralph Judson. Circuits, devices, and systems: A first course in electrical engineering. 5th ed. New York: Wiley, 1992.

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Smith, Ralph J., and Ralph Judson Smith. Circuits, Devices, and Systems: And SPICE. 5th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1995.

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Electrical circuits and systems: An introduction for engineers and physical scientists. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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C, Dorf Richard, ed. Circuits, devices, and systems: A first course in electrical engineering. 5th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1992.

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Bigelow, Timothy A. Electric Circuits, Systems, and Motors. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31355-5.

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Siebert, William McC. Circuits, signals, and systems. London: MIT Press, 1985.

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Circuits, signals, and systems. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1986.

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C, Toumazou, Battersby N. C, Porta Sonia, and IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (1994 : London, England), eds. Circuits and systems tutorials. New York: IEEE Press, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electrical circuits and systems"

1

Scaddan, Brian. "Installation Circuits and Systems." In Electrical Installation Work, 179–206. 10th ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003324324-15.

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Bigelow, Timothy A. "Electrical Safety." In Electric Circuits, Systems, and Motors, 35–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31355-5_2.

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Kaczorek, Tadeusz, and Krzysztof Rogowski. "Positive Fractional Electrical Circuits." In Fractional Linear Systems and Electrical Circuits, 49–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11361-6_2.

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Krarti, Moncef. "Overview of Electrical Circuits." In Energy-Efficient Electrical Systems for Buildings, 19–50. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372297-2.

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Morris, Noel M., and Frank W. Senior. "Polyphase Systems." In Electric Circuits, 266–93. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11232-6_12.

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Krarti, Moncef. "Branch Circuits and Feeders." In Energy-Efficient Electrical Systems for Buildings, 141–82. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372297-6.

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Kaczorek, Tadeusz, and Krzysztof Rogowski. "Minimum Energy Control of Electrical Circuits." In Fractional Linear Systems and Electrical Circuits, 197–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11361-6_7.

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Dhiman, Rohit, and Rajeevan Chandel. "Design Challenges in Subthreshold Interconnect Circuits." In Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering, 7–24. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2132-6_2.

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Kaczorek, Tadeusz, and Krzysztof Rogowski. "Descriptor Linear Electrical Circuits and Their Properties." In Fractional Linear Systems and Electrical Circuits, 81–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11361-6_3.

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Kaczorek, Tadeusz, and Krzysztof Rogowski. "Stability of Positive Standard Linear Electrical Circuits." In Fractional Linear Systems and Electrical Circuits, 117–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11361-6_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electrical circuits and systems"

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Silva, Tarcísio M. P., Vagner Candido de Sousa, Marcel A. Clementino, and Carlos De Marqui. "Novel Equivalent Electrical Circuits for Linear and Nonlinear Electromechanically Coupled Systems." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3914.

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In the last years, researchers have presented concentrated and distributed parameter models of electromechanically coupled systems, leading to appropriate estimation of their electroelastic behavior. Equivalent electrical circuits have also been investigated and provide useful simulation tools to investigate the system behavior as well as to developed new energy harvesting or control circuits. In general, RLC (resistor, inductor and capacitor) circuits represent, respectively, the mass, damping and stiffness of single or multi-degree-of-freedom electromechanically coupled systems. In practice, however, the equivalent electrical representation of high-quality-factor systems demand equivalent circuits with extremely low internal resistance values. Furthermore, the assumption of an ideal transformer cannot be obtained in practice. This work presents a novel equivalent electrical circuit for linear and nonlinear electromechanically coupled systems. The effects of inductance, capacitance and electromechanical coupling are represented through operational-amplifier based sub-circuits of extremely low internal resistance. First, the linear behavior of a mass-spring-damping system is verified. Later, the behavior of a nonlinear electromechanically coupled system is investigated. In both cases, numerical results (Matlab-Simulink simulations) and experimental results (from breadboard implementations) will be verified against experimental results presented in the literature.
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Tzou, H. S., and J. H. Ding. "Equivalent Active Circuits of Distributed Control Systems." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1782.

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Abstract Modeling distributed parameter systems (DPS) by electronic circuits and fabricating the complicated equivalent circuits to evaluate the system characteristics always poses many challenging research issues for years. Modeling and analysis of distributed sensing/control of smart structures and distributed structronic systems are even scarce. This paper is to present a technique to model distributed structronic systems with electronic circuits and to evaluate control behaviors with the fabricated equivalent circuits. Electrical analogies and analysis of distributed structronic systems is proposed and dynamics and control of beam/sensor/actuator systems are investigated. To determine the equivalent circuits and system parameters, higher order partial derivatives are simplified using the finite difference method; partial differential equations (PDE) are transformed to finite difference equations and further represented by electronic components and circuits. To provide better signal management and stability, active electronic circuit systems are designed and fabricated. Electric signals from the distributed system circuits (i.e., soft and hard) are compared with results obtained by classical theoretical and other (e.g., the finite element, and experimental) techniques.
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Dorai, Arvind, Kumaraswamy Ponnambalam, and Arnold W. Heemink. "Yield optimization of electrical circuits." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems (SCS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icscs.2009.5412285.

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Barry, Noel. "The application of quaternions in electrical circuits." In 2016 27th Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issc.2016.7528440.

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"Circuits and systems." In 2011 8th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecticon.2011.5947754.

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Banerjee, Soumitro, Damian Giaouris, Otman Imrayed, Petros Missailidis, Bashar Zahawi, and Volker Pickert. "Nonsmooth dynamics of electrical systems." In 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2011.5938164.

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Fujishiro, Yoshikazu, Takahiko Yamamoto, and Kohji Koshiji. "Modal S-parameters and the circuit representation of symmetric circuits." In 2013 IEEE Electrical Design of Advanced Packaging and Systems Symposium (EDAPS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edaps.2013.6724404.

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Ramasubramanian, Ramesh, D. Prabhu, and G. Karthikeyan. "Optimization techniques in electrical systems." In 2013 International Conference on Circuits, Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccpct.2013.6528856.

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IEEE. "Components, Circuits, Devices & Systems." In 2022 Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ElConRus). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elconrus54750.2022.9755763.

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Santana, Mike, and Alfredo V. Herrera. "Methodology to Correlate Defect Reduction Systems to Electrical Test Data via Artificially Manufactured Defects." In ISTFA 2002. ASM International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2002p0587.

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Abstract This paper describes a methodology for correlating physical defect inspection/navigation systems with electrical bitmap data through the fabrication of artificial defects via reticle alterations or circuit modifications using an inline FIB. The methodology chosen consisted of altering decommissioned reticles to create defects resulting in both open and shorted circuits within areas of an AMD microprocessor cache. The reticles were subsequently scanned using a KLA SL300HR StarLight inspection system to confirm their location, while wafers processed on these reticles were scanned at several layers using standard inline metrology. Finally, the wafers were electrically tested, bitmapped, and physically deprocessed. All defect data was then analyzed and cross-correlated between each system, uncovering some important system deficiencies and learning opportunities. Data and images are included to support the significance and effectiveness of such a methodology.
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Reports on the topic "Electrical circuits and systems"

1

Weinschenk, Craig, Daniel Madrzykowski, and Paul Courtney. Impact of Flashover Fire Conditions on Exposed Energized Electrical Cords and Cables. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hdmn5904.

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A set of experiments was conducted to expose different types of energized electrical cords for lamps, office equipment, and appliances to a developing room fire exposure. All of the cords were positioned on the floor and arranged in a manner to receive a similar thermal exposure. Six types of cords commonly used as power supply cords, extension cords, and as part of residential electrical wiring systems were chosen for the experiments. The non-metallic sheathed cables (NMB) typically found in residential electrical branch wiring were included to provide a link to previous research. The basic test design was to expose the six different types of cords, on the floor of a compartment to a growing fire to determine the conditions under which the cord would trip the circuit breaker and/or undergo an arc fault. All of the cords would be energized and installed on a non-combustible surface. Six cord types (18-2 SPT1, 16-3 SJTW, 12-2 NM-B, 12-3 NM-B, 18-3 SVT, 18-2 NISPT-2) and three types of circuit protection (Molded case circuit breaker (MCCB), combination Arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI), Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)) were exposed to six room-scale fires. The circuit protection was remote from the thermal exposure. The six room fires consisted of three replicate fires with two sofas as the main fuel source, two replicate fires with one sofa as the main fuel source and one fire with two sofas and MDF paneling on three walls in the room. Each fuel package was sufficient to support flashover conditions in the room and as a result, the impact on the cords and circuit protection was not significantly different. The average peak heat release rate of the sofa fueled compartment fires with gypsum board ceiling and walls was 6.8 MW. The addition of vinyl covered MDF wall paneling on three of the compartment walls increased the peak heat release rate to 12 MW, although most of the increased energy release occurred outside of the compartment opening. In each experiment during post flashover exposure, the insulation on the cords ignited and burned through, exposing bare conductor. During this period the circuits faulted. The circuit protection devices are not designed to provide thermal protection, and, thus, were installed remote from the fire. The devices operated as designed in all experiments. All of the circuit faults resulted in either a magnetic trip of the conventional circuit breaker or a ground-fault trip in the GFCI or AFCI capable circuit protection devices. Though not required by UL 1699, Standard for Safety for Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters as the solution for detection methodology, the AFCIs used had differential current detection. Examination of signal data showed that the only cord types that tripped with a fault to ground were the insulated conductors in non-metallic sheathed cables (12-2 NM-B and 12-3 NM-B). This was expected due to the bare grounding conductor present. Assessments of both the thermal exposure and physical damage to the cords did not reveal any correlation between the thermal exposure, cord damage, and trip type.
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Shoemaker, Jordan. Damage Detection and Electrical Performance Impact of Flat-Flexible Circuits. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1870617.

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Bernal Heredia, Willy, Dylan Cutler, and Jesse Dean. Case Study: Field Evaluation of a Low-Cost Circuit-Level Electrical Submetering System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762442.

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Yu, Paul K., S. S. Lau, W. X. Chen, A. R. Clawson, and G. L. Li. Photonics Circuits Technology for RF Photonics Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384486.

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A. Ilic, E. Baker, R. Hatcher, S. Ramakrishnan, and et al. NSTX Electrical Power Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15127.

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Cutler, Dylan, Willy Bernal Heredia, and Jesse Dean. Case Study: Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Circuit-Level Electrical Submetering with Integrated Metering System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1810060.

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Muljadi, Eduard, Robert Nelms, Erol Chartan, Robi Robichaud, Lindsay George, and Henry Obermeyer. Electrical Systems of Pumped Storage Hydropower Plants: Electrical Generation, Machines, Power Electronics, and Power Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1804447.

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Robertson, T. A., and S. J. Huval. Electrical power systems for distributed generation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460175.

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Konkel, H. The Dynamic Balancer electrical safety systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/677010.

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Akin, Meriem B., and Ana C. Arias. A Comprehensive Surface Mount Technology Solution for Integrated Circuits onto Flexible Screen Printed Electrical Interconnects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada602487.

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