Journal articles: 'Electric vehicles Testing'

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Popović, Predrag, Živko Stjelja, Branimir Miletić, Đorđe Vranješ, Veljko Stojanović, Vladimir Nikolić, and Milica Marčeta-Kaninski. "Hydrogen electric motor vehicles: Testing and control trends." Poljoprivredna tehnika 47, no. 4 (2022): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2204082p.

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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) are similar to EVs, in the aspect that they use an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine to power the wheels. The main difference is that EVs run on batteries that must be plugged in to recharge, while FCVs generate their electricity onboard. This manuscript presents overview of the hydrogen vehicle certification legislation. Inspection and testing of motor vehicle technology today represent a set of a whole series of procedures that are applied in different stages of the vehicle development, production and operation of vehicles, and whose task is to provide objective information about the quality of the vehicle and its assemblies and parts, as well as about the conditions in which the vehicles operate, about workloads, environment, etc. Although there are adopted technical regulative for hydrogen powered EVs, the appropriate standards and legislation are still evolving.

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Liang, Rongliang, and Chang Yang. "Intellectualized testing & evaluation application based on unmanned test platform." E3S Web of Conferences 268 (2021): 01036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126801036.

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Taking three pure electric vehicles as the research object, the energy consumption and acceleration performance of the electric vehicle are tested and evaluated through the use of the intelligent unmanned test platform of the whole vehicle, which ensures that the accurate and high-speed test of the road test can be realized on the basis of no driver in the vehicle. For the electric vehicle energy consumption test, the intelligent unmanned test platform is used for road test, which not only effectively avoids the driver driving the test vehicle for a long time, but also ensures the accuracy and reliability of the test data. According to the test results, the acceleration response and energy consumption test results of three pure electric vehicles are analyzed and evaluated.

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Ogitsu, Takeki, and Manabu Omae. "Experimental Testing of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control using Small Electric Vehicles." Journal of the Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers 4, no. 3 (July 25, 2016): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jiiae.4.118.

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Liu, Chang, Xueqiong Wang, Li Tian, Song Mei, and Zhendong Zhang. "Fuzzy Testing Method of CAN Bus of Charging Pile Based on Genetic Algorithm." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (April 13, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2745175.

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With the guidance of the new energy policy and the continuous expansion of the new energy market, electric vehicles are the development direction of the automotive industry in the future, and the electric vehicle charging infrastructure is an important guarantee for the use of electric vehicles, which plays a positive role in promoting the popularity of electric vehicles. CAN bus protocol is the communication protocol between charging pile and electric vehicle, and its security concerns the safety of electric vehicles. In this article, a CAN bus fuzzy testing method based on genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the security problem of charging pile CAN bus. In this method, genetic algorithm is added in the fuzzy testing process of CAN bus protocol, that is, genetic algorithm is introduced in the generation of fuzzy data to search the test case that best conforms to CAN bus protocol, so as to greatly improve the detection efficiency of CAN bus protocol.

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Chudy, Aleksander, and Henryka Danuta Stryczewska. "ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY TESTING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND THEIR CHARGERS." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.1687.

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The article presents the latest information about electromagnetic compatibility testing of electric vehicles, on-board chargers and electric vehicle charging stations with a consideration of current standards and Regulation No. 10 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The aspects of immunity, conducted and radiated emissions were taken into account.

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Kulikov, I. A., K. E. Karpukhin, R. Kh Kurmaev, and V. G. Ivanov. "X-in-the-Loop technology for research and development of electric vehicles." Trudy NAMI, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2021-2-6-14.

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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The article describes an X-in-the-Loop system intended for cyber-physical tests of electric vehicle's chassis components. The system allows connecting and synchronizing laboratories located in different geographic regions.The purpose of the study is to elaborate an X-in-the-Loop system allowing to perform geographically-scattered cyber-physical testing of the components belonging to an electric vehicle chassis.Methodology and research methods. The elaboration of the X-in-the-Loop system involves methods of cyber-physical testing whose functionality is extended by means of connecting and synchronizing the tested objects via a global network.Scientific novelty and results. A new research and development technology has been proposed for electric vehicles allowing for cooperation of geographically scattered laboratories within a real-time coherent environment that synchronizes tests of the electric vehicle components (both hardware and software) belonging to those laboratories.The practical significance. The proposed technology provides researchers and developers in the field of electric vehicles with advanced cyber-physical tools allowing them to increase the effectiveness of their cooperative work and shorten the time needed for producing development or research results.

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Han, Shuai, and Bo Zeng. "Research on a Portable Detection Device of DC Electric Energy in Electrical Vehicle Charging Station." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.392.

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To meet the testing need of wide range DC electrical energy meter in charging stations with the promotion of electrical vehicles, implementation of a portable DC electrical energy meter detection device is proposed. Based on the existing DC electrical energy meter testing procedure, the implementation, detection principle, hardware design and software ideas are introduced. Experiments show that the system can automatically detect the setting items and the testing results are reliable. Strong technical support and service for the development of electric vehicle charging stations is provided.

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Małek, Arkadiusz Krzysztof, and Marek Ogrodnik. "Test methods for autonomy of electric vehicles." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.348.

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The article discusses various types of testing methods for autonomy of electric vehicles. The tests were divided into laboratory and road tests and described in detail. An application for usefulness of selected types of tests to the size of the tested vehicles were presented: passenger cars, vans, trucks and buses. The research part presents road tests of the range of the prototype Ursus Elvi vehicle.

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Małek, Arkadiusz, and Tomasz Łusiak. "Interactive test stand for electric vehicle components." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 20, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2019): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.014.

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The article discusses an interactive stand for testing the components of electric vehicles. They can also be used in the didactics of technical subjects such as vehicle construction and vehicle diagnostics with a focus on hybrid or full electric vehicles. The article discusses the individual components of the research stand and presents examples of their use in research and teaching. Particular attention was paid to the components responsible for energy storage on-board the vehicle and the charging process of the lithium-ion battery.

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Vaidya, Vishwas, and Haresh Bhere. "Driverless chassis dynamometer testing of electric vehicles." ATZautotechnology 10, no. 6 (November 2010): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03247195.

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Ching, Tze Wood. "Road Testing of Electric Vehicles in Macau." Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles 9, no. 2 (2011): 1491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4130/jaev.9.1491.

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Vaidya, Vishwas, and Haresh Bhere. "Driverless chassis dynamometer testing of electric vehicles." ATZ worldwide 111, no. 2 (February 2009): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03225155.

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Figenbaum, Erik, and Christian Weber. "Estimating Real-World Emissions of PHEVs in Norway by Combining Laboratory Measurement with User Surveys." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 2 (August 10, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9020031.

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The paper presents the results of experimental testing of the exhaust emission and energy consumption of two gasoline plug-in hybrid vehicles in an emission testing laboratory with different drive cycles and drive modes and at summer and winter temperatures. One was a compact vehicle with a type approval electric mode range of 50 km, the other a mid-sized vehicle with an electric mode range of 31 km. Additionally, an online survey of 2065 private plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) owners investigated the usage pattern of the vehicles. Combining the laboratory tests with the user survey results provided an estimate for the reduction of CO2-emission of PHEVs in use in Norway. The main conclusion is that the PHEV is a vehicle type that needs to match well with the use pattern to produce low CO2- and local emissions. The achievable CO2-emission reduction was proportional to the range in electric drive-mode (E-mode), i.e., 50 km range resulted in about 50% reduction.

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Martis, Radu, Florin Pop-Piglesan, Sorin Cosman, and Claudia Martis. "Considerations on design, development and testing of Electrical Machines for automotive HVAC." MATEC Web of Conferences 322 (2020): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032201042.

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HVAC represents one of the highest energy consumer in a vehicle and for full electric vehicles, the design of HVAC and the dimensioning of its driving system is of utmost importance in order to avoid the limitation of driving range. Due to its advantages, especially when it comes to power density, PMSM is one of the most used electrical machines for a wide range of automotive applications, including HVAC systems. The paper presents the generation of the requirements, design, analysis and HiL testing of a PMSM for HVAC applications. The challenge is to develop a machine answering to the requirements for an electric vehicle HVAC at low- voltage. An experimental model of the machine was tested using a test- bench, based on HiL techniques.

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Yu, Bin, Zhice Wang, Dayou Zhu, Guoye Wang, Dongxin Xu, and Jie Zhao. "Optimization and testing of suspension system of electric mini off-road vehicles." Science Progress 103, no. 1 (October 15, 2019): 003685041988187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850419881872.

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Mini vehicles with a small wheelbase are extremely sensitive to road roughness. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of road information on ride comfort and enhance the ride comfort of mini vehicles. According to the 5-degree-of-freedom vibration model of an electric mini off-road vehicle, the partial differential matrix equation of system motion is established using the Lagrange method, and the frequency response characteristic of the system is analyzed. The input matrix of pavement unevenness is obtained by considering the mutual power spectrum density between front and rear wheels. Road surface roughness information is obtained using an instrument for measuring road roughness. A comprehensive objective function and a constraint condition are established for comfort and safety. Based on the parameters obtained through the optimum design of a 1/4 vehicle model, the optimized stiffness and damping coefficient of suspension are obtained using a MATLAB optimization program. The law of the vibration performance of off-road vehicles with respect to suspension stiffness and the damping coefficient is obtained through the analysis of optimized results. A driving simulation and a test are conducted on the electric mini off-road vehicle. The results show that the use of the measured pavement data as simulation input is closer to the actual situation and provides higher accuracy compared to the simulated pavement model. According to the optimization and test results, the parameters optimized by a 1/2 vehicle (5 degrees of freedom) vibration model are better than those optimized by the 1/4 vehicle vibration model. The optimization results confirm reduction in acceleration, acceleration power spectrum density, and the root mean square of the weighted acceleration of the seat. This shows that the electric mini off-road vehicle provides better ride comfortability after optimization.

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Yang, Qingzheng. "Simulation of Electric Vehicles Based on Simulink." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2417, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2417/1/012012.

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Due to the increasing popularity of electric vehicles in recent years, the research and development requirements for electric vehicles are also increasingly high. This paper is based on Simulink modeling simulation and simulation debugging to get the impact of each parameter on the performance of the car. The content includes: understanding the basic structure of pure electric vehicles and related performance requirements; Based on various data summary data, the battery, motor, and other models of the electric vehicle are designed. Learn Matlab, Simulink-related knowledge, and simulation modeling. This paper analyses electric vehicles, the basic mechanism, performance characteristics, and key links of electric vehicles and other parts of the matching design. Finally, the design, modeling, simulation, and testing in the development process of automotive embedded systems can be organically combined to form a relatively complete development mode. Through analysis, it is found that the simulation model of this design plays an important role in improving development efficiency.

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Hanauer, Dieter. "Mode 2 Charging—Testing and Certification for International Market Access." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9020026.

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This paper provides an analysis of the current IEC 62752 standard. Establishing measures to protect against electric shock is one of the major tasks in the development of safe electric appliances. For electric vehicles this is very important too, because they are movable and in a public area most of the time. Even during recharge of the batteries, it is very likely that the electric vehicle is accessible to playing children or other people. IEC 62752 is a standard for a product which connects the electric vehicle with a standard household socket. This connection is required to provide electricity to the on-board charger of the electric vehicle and is called Mode 2 charging. In this article, the complexity of worldwide standardization for eMobility products is shown. Because the development of these products is still going on, some special requirements of IEC 62752 are explained, and some unique tests are described to help development engineers to design a safe, reliable, and durable product.

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Kang, Sungwook, Minjae Kwon, Joung Yoon Choi, and Sengkwan Choi. "Full-scale fire testing of battery electric vehicles." Applied Energy 332 (February 2023): 120497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120497.

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Vrazic, Mario, Marinko Kovacic, Hrvoje Dzapo, and Damir Ilic. "Concept of mobile lab for electric vehicle systems research and testing." ACTA IMEKO 2, no. 1 (August 16, 2013): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v2i1.45.

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When one wants to research different systems (measurement, control, etc.) on electric vehicles it is useful to have some sort of test bed for researched system. In order to enable such research at the closest way possible to real thing, the design and large part of actual realization was already made on an actual electric vehicle that should pass homologation and be able to drive among other cars. That vehicle with all its present and designed future research possibilities will be presented here.

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Zecchi, Laura, Giulia Sandrini, Marco Gadola, and Daniel Chindamo. "Modeling of a Hybrid Fuel Cell Powertrain with Power Split Logic for Onboard Energy Management Using a Longitudinal Dynamics Simulation Tool." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 6228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176228.

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This work aims to develop a mathematical model for the simulation of a fuel cell (FC) hybrid powertrain. The work starts from modeling a single cell to obtain information on the entire FC stack. The model obtained was integrated into a simulation tool presented in the literature that simulates the longitudinal dynamics of auxiliary power unit hybrid electric vehicles and fully electric vehicles. Therefore, the integrated model allows the simulation of hybrid vehicles equipped with FC and a battery pack that acts as a peak power source. The tool simulates the mechanical and electrical behavior of the vehicle, introducing an investigation of the power flows relating to the FC and batteries. An appropriate power split logic has been implemented, allowing the correct management of the power distribution between the FC and the batteries. The importance of analyzing FC vehicles’ behavior arises from the recent necessity to find alternative propulsion systems, overcoming the range problems associated with fully electric vehicles. The innovation lies in the versatility and modularity of the model, which is open to modifications and features a low computational burden, making it suitable for testing new solutions by performing first design and sizing calculations.

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Menyhárt, József, Gerald Mies, and István Komlósi. "Measurement Chamber Design for Testing Batteries of the Electric Vehicles." Repüléstudományi Közlemények 32, no. 2 (2020): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32560/rk.2020.2.8.

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Crucial factors with respect to modern autonomous vehicles include reliability and design. Researchers and engineers strive to increase the number of vehicles over the latest possibilities both in industrial and in military applications. A number of modern batteries are available on the market for the electric autonomous vehicles. The authors suggest the use of test chambers to investigate optimal battery use and performance in vehicles. The results of the theoretical research suggest that the use of test chambers during battery management system development is necessary.

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Liu, Mengmeng, and Shupeng Zhang. "Research on Hydrogen Fuel Cell Safety Detection Analysis Based on Leakage Quality Limit Detection Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2174, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2174/1/012049.

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Abstract As the state has increased its support for hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles, many domestic companies and scientific research institutions have carried out the research and development of fuel cell vehicles, and many models have also received national announcements. However, due to the lack of standards related to the hydrogen safety detection of fuel cell electric vehicles after collision in the current international standard systems, various companies formulate their own testing plans and technical requirements when conducting collision tests, and there are standards inconsistencies. After comparative analysis of foreign standards on the hydrogen safety detection methods and requirements of fuel cell electric vehicles after collision, relevant suggestions are given to the collision plan, which provides a reference for the domestic development of fuel cell vehicle collision research.

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Cieslik, Wojciech, Filip Szwajca, Jedrzej Zawartowski, Katarzyna Pietrzak, Slawomir Rosolski, Kamil Szkarlat, and Michal Rutkowski. "Capabilities of Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) Electricity Generation to Charge Electric Vehicle (EV) Operating in Real Driving Conditions (RDC)." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 7591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227591.

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The growing number of electric vehicles in recent years is observable in almost all countries. The country’s energy transition should accompany this rise in electromobility if it is currently generated from non-renewable sources. Only electric vehicles powered by renewable energy sources can be considered zero-emission. Therefore, it is essential to conduct interdisciplinary research on the feasibility of combining energy recovery/generation structures and testing the energy consumption of electric vehicles under real driving conditions. This work presents a comprehensive approach for evaluating the energy consumption of a modern public building–electric vehicle system within a specific location. The original methodology developed includes surveys that demonstrate the required mobility range to be provided to occupants of the building under consideration. In the next step, an energy balance was performed for a novel near-zero energy building equipped with a 199.8 kWp photovoltaic installation, the energy from which can be used to charge an electric vehicle. The analysis considered the variation in vehicle energy consumption by season (winter/summer), the actual charging profile of the vehicle, and the parking periods required to achieve the target range for the user.

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Cahyono, Thofiq Puji, Triwahju Hardianto, and Bambang Sri Kaloko. "PENGUJIAN KARAKTERISTIK BATERAI LITHIUM-ION DENGAN METODE FUZZY DENGAN BEBAN BERVARIASI." Jurnal Arus Elektro Indonesia 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jaei.v6i3.19708.

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The use of lithium-ion batteries today is very popular among the electronics world. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used in electric vehicles to store electric energy electric vehicles. Government will also make inroads on electric vehicles. The Indonesian government targets that by 2020 it will carry 13 million electric vehicles and by 2030 will reach 100 million. Electric vehicles have no emissions or exhaust gases like conventional vehicles now. Electric vehicles also do not cause environmental pollution because they do not have exhaust gases and do not cause very noisy noise. In the study using fuzzy method and without using fuzzy method and done comparison with simulation results on simulink matlab. The results of lithium-ion battery testing when using fuzzy control with constant current 1,11 ampere obtained a capacity of 2,6 Ah and experienced a battery temperature increase of 2,44 celsius.While testing without using controls with a 10 watt lamp load obtained a battery capacity of 2,07 Ah and a battery temperature increase of 2,71 celsius. And when compared to simulations on simulink matlab obtained a capacity of 2,7 Ah. Keywords — Lithium-ion Batteries, Fuzzy Inference System, constant current.

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Jung, Heejung. "Fuel Economy of Plug-In Hybrid Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Effects of Vehicle Weight, Hybridization Ratio and Ambient Temperature." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11020031.

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Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are evolving rapidly since the introduction of Toyota Prius into the market in 1997. As the world needs more fuel-efficient vehicles to mitigate climate change, the role of HEVs and PHEVs are becoming ever more important. While fuel economies of HEVs and PHEVs are superior to those of internal combustion engine (ICE) powered vehicles, they are partially powered by batteries and therefore they resemble characteristics of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) such as dependence of fuel economy on ambient temperatures. It is also important to understand how different extent of hybridization (a.k.a., hybridization ratio) affects fuel economy under various driving conditions. In addition, it is of interest to understand how HEVs and PHEVs compare with BEVs at a similar vehicle weight. This study investigated the relationship between vehicle mass and vehicle performance parameters, mainly fuel economy and driving range of PHEVs focused on 2018 and 2019 model years using the test data available from fuel economy website of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Previous studies relied on modeling to understand mass impact on fuel economy for HEV as there were not enough number of HEVs in the market to draw a trendline at the time. The study also investigated the effect of ambient temperature for HEVs and PHEVs and kinetic energy recovery of the regenerative braking using the vehicle testing data for model year 2013 and 2015 from Idaho National Lab (INL). The current study assesses current state-of-art for PHEVs. It also provides analysis of experimental results for validation of vehicle dynamic and other models for PHEVs and HEVs.

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Kumar N, Sanjay, and Venkatashwarra S. "ELECTRIC ROAD – A REVIEW." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 11 (March 1, 2022): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v06i11.021.

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An electric road, eroad, or electric road system (ERS) is a road which supplies electric power to vehicles travelling on it. Common implementations are overhead power lines above the road and ground-level power supply through conductive rails or inductive coils embedded in the road. Overhead power lines are limited to commercial vehicles while ground-level power can be used by any vehicle, which allows for public charging through power metering and billing systems. 10–11 Korea was the first to implement a public electric road with a commercial bus line in 2013 after testing an experimental shuttle service in 2009. Sweden has been performing assessments of various electric road technologies. since 2013 and expects to start formulating a national electric road system in 2022 and finish planning by2033 Furthermore, the technology is more expensive, as inductive charging requires drive electronics and coils in both device and charger, thus, it increases the complexity and cost of manufacturing.

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Wang, Di. "A Analysis on the Importance of Lithium Battery Cooling for Pure Electric Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.83.

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Pure lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles in the course of the temperature rise, not only directly affect the performance and life of the battery, there is a potential safety hazard. In this paper, a pure electric vehicle with a lithium-ion battery pack with no heatsink, through testing and without thermal simulations with a model feasibility analysis.

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Alwafaie, Mohammed, and Bela Kovacs. "Testing LAD1 of harvesting electric roads." Acta Mechatronica 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/am.v7i4.87.

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Alternative power sources for roadway accessories have been brought to light through energy harvesting technologies. Several types of nanogenerators can harvest energy from rotating automobile tires by using the piezoelectric effect to generate electricity from these roads. As the wheel is pressed against the piezoceramic disks, energy is harvested by embedding them within a protective package. In this paper, we demonstrate the testing of several types of electric vehicles and how they are tested for electric performance and determine the output voltage and current.

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Gan, Jing, Xiaobin Fan, Zeng Song, Mingyue Zhang, and Bin Zhao. "Power Test System Development and Dynamic Performance State Estimation Based on Hub Motor Vehicle." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797613666200131143626.

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Background: The power performance of an electric vehicle is the basic parameter. Traditional test equipment, such as the expensive chassis dynamometer, not only increases the cost of testing but also makes it impossible to measure all the performance parameters of an electric vehicle. Objective: A set of convenient, efficient and sensitive power measurement system for electric vehicles is developed to obtain the real-time power changes of hub-motor vehicles under various operating conditions, and the dynamic performance parameters of hub-motor vehicles are obtained through the system. Methods: Firstly, a set of on-board power test system is developed by using virtual instrument (Lab- VIEW). This test system can obtain the power changes of hub-motor vehicles under various operating conditions in real-time and save data in real-time. Then, the driving resistance of hub-motor vehicles is analyzed, and the power performance of hub-motor vehicles is studied in depth. The power testing system is proposed to test the input power of both ends of the driving motor, and the chassis dynamometer is combined to test so that the output efficiency of the driving motor can be easily obtained without disassembly. Finally, this method is used to carry out the road test and obtain the vehicle dynamic performance parameters. Results: The real-time current, voltage and power, maximum power, acceleration time and maximum speed of the vehicle can be obtained accurately by using the power test system in the real road experiment. Conclusion: The maximum power required by the two motors reaches about 9KW, and it takes about 20 seconds to reach the maximum speed. The total power required to maintain the maximum speed is about 7.8kw, and the maximum speed is 62km/h. In this article, various patents have been discussed.

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Andersen, Peter Bach, Seyedmostafa Hashemi Toghroljerdi, Tiago Sousa, Thomas Meier Soerensen, Lance Noel, and Bjoern Christensen. "The Parker Project: Cross-Brand Service Testing Using V2G." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 4 (October 26, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040066.

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The Parker project sought to experimentally validate that contemporary series-produced electric vehicles (EVs), capable of V2G, are ready to participate in a number of advanced grid services. In such services, the timing, size and direction of power and energy exchanged between the EV battery and grid is controlled as to support either a single building, the local neighborhood or the regional power system. Vehicles purposely designed for such services are referred to as grid integrated electric vehicles (GIVs). The field of research, describing how GIVs may be used to actively support the power system, is called Vehicle–Grid Integration (VGI).The purpose of this paper is to present how the Danish Parker project has systematically categorized a range of grid services, collected in a service catalog, and then illustrate state-of-the-art EVs ability to support such services through experimental validation. Results are presented for three different tests performed in Parker; marginal emission factor charging, frequency containment reserves and a performance test for controlling power setpoints. The ultimate aim of this paper, and the Parker project, is to promote the GIV concept so that it may inform the design and capabilities of present and future EVs, EV supply equipment (EVSE) and communication standards.

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Dong, Mengyuan, Yuezhen Fan, Donglei Yu, and Qingchun Wang. "Research on Electric Vehicle Rollover Prevention System Based on Motor Speed Control." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4 (October 18, 2021): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040195.

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Vehicle driving safety is an important performance indicator for vehicles, and there is still much room for development in the active safety control of electric vehicles. A vehicle rollover is an important road traffic safety problem, as rollover accidents cause serious casualties and huge economic losses. It is very easy for vehicles in high-speed sharp turns or high-speed overtaking to roll over; in order to improve the vehicle in these conditions with the anti-rollover stability, this study proposed a real-time motor control strategy, mainly through the acquisition of vehicle attitude data and the use of multi-sensor fusion on the vehicle running state for real time. The lateral load transfer rate was used as the vehicle rollover evaluation index, and the test results indicate that when the real-time rollover index exceeds the set limit safety threshold, the motor speed is reduced through active control so that the vehicle avoids rollover accidents, or the risk of rollover is reduced. The STM32F103RET6 was used as the main chip for hardware design, control board fabrication, control program software design, and joint testing of software and hardware. The tests and data analysis prove that the motor control strategy is reliable in real time and can significantly improve the active safety of electric vehicles.

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Santhira Sekeran, Maya, Milan Živadinović, and Myra Spiliopoulou. "Transferability of a Battery Cell End-of-Life Prediction Model Using Survival Analysis." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 2930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082930.

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Electric vehicles are increasingly becoming the vehicle of choice in today’s environmentally conscious society, and the heart of an electric vehicle is its battery. Today, lithium-ion batteries are mainly used to power electric vehicles for its increased energy storage density and longevity. However, in order to estimate battery life, long and costly battery testing is required. Therefore, there is a need to investigate efficient ways that could reduce the amount of testing required by reusing existing knowledge of aging patterns from different kinds of battery chemistry. This work aims to answer two research questions. The first addresses the challenge of battery cell testing data that contain battery cells that do not reach the End-of-Life (EOL) threshold by the time the testing has been completed. For this challenge, we propose to implement survival analysis that is able to handle incomplete data or what is referred to as censored data. The second addresses how to reuse a model trained on one type of battery cell chemistry to predict the EOL of another battery cell chemistry by implementing transfer learning. We develop a workflow to implement a prediction model for one type of battery cell chemistry and to reuse this pre-trained model to predict the EOL for another type of battery cell chemistry.

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Li, Chun, Fan Yang, and Zhenchong Wang. "Experimental study on high-speed endurance of electric vehicle at normal temperature (25℃)." E3S Web of Conferences 268 (2021): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126801032.

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Electric vehicle[1] endurance has always been a major concern for car buyers. Based on the six conventional electric vehicles selected from the market, the driving range of the chassis dynamometer with the environment warehouse is first carried out under the CLTC-P condition of normal temperature environment, and compared with the vehicle meter-display driving range. After testing the speed of 100 km/h of the driving range, the high-speed driving range at normal temperature is obtained, and then compared with the normal temperature driving range and the meter-display driving range, the drop rate of high-speed driving range is obtained. By analyzing and comparing the different test conditions of 6 vehicles, the influence trend of battery quantity, test quality, resistance and driving mode on high-speed driving range is obtained. Allowing consumers to anticipate their travel plans and also provides data for subsequent car companies to improve the quality of electric vehicles.

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Grebenikov, V. V., V. B. Pavlov, R. V. Gamaliia, and V. S. Popkov. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC MACHINES CHARACTERISTICS WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND WIND TURBINES." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2022, no. 4 (July 4, 2022): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2022.04.021.

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The results of a numerical and experimental study of an electric machine with cylindrical permanent magnets are presented. It is shown that if a squirrel-cage rotor in a standard induction motor is replaced by a rotor with permanent magnets, then a significant increase in the specific power of the electric machine can be obtained. Numerical studies and analyses of the characteristics of an electric machine with tangentially magnetized neodymium and ferrite magnets in the motor mode have been carried out. It is shown that in order to ensure maximum specific characteristics for use in electric vehicles, it is necessary to take into account the driving cycle and carry out liquid cooling of the electric motor. Also, a comparison of the characteristics obtained during testing of an experimental sample in the generator mode and the characteristics obtained in the calculation models was made. It is shown that the discrepancy between the calculated and experimental dependences for several values of the rotor speed is no more than 4%. The characteristics of the electrical machines under study were calculated using the Simcenter MagNet and Simcenter MotorSolve software packages. References 7, figures 6, tables 2.

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Breban, Stefan, Marius Dranca, Mihai Chirca, Alexandru-Madalin Pacuraru, Petre-Dorel Teodosescu, and Claudiu-Alexandru Oprea. "Experimental Tests on a Spoke-Type Permanent Magnets Synchronous Machine for Light Electric Vehicle Application." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063019.

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In an attempt to limit the effects of global warming, virtually all car manufacturers have introduced in the last years Hybrid or full Electric Vehicles. The current study shows the experimental testing of a spoke-type PMSM that was developed based on the requirements of the L6e European light vehicle class. A test bench was developed for this purpose, using a DC machine fed by a bidirectional DC Power Supply that allowed the testing of the PMSM prototype both in motor and generator/brake regimes. The Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) was implemented on the control stage of the testing set-up, allowing an accurate estimation of the PMSM-based E-drivetrain performance. The test results validated the FEM-simulated results and provided an insight on the efficiency of the entire drive system (battery–inverter–PMSM) and the autonomy of the L6e light EV. The electric drive system was integrated and tested on a prototype vehicle in normal operating conditions, validating the results obtained on the developed test bench.

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Ahn, Kyoungho, Hesham A. Rakha, and Sangjun Park. "Eco Look-Ahead Control of Battery Electric Vehicles and Roadway Grade Effects." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 10 (July 31, 2020): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120935445.

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Roadway grade is one of the major variables that affects a vehicle’s energy consumption. This study demonstrates the potential benefits of an eco look-ahead control for battery electric vehicles (BEVs). The proposed eco look-ahead controller was developed for the lead vehicle of a platoon of BEVs. The eco look-ahead control predicts the optimum speed and acceleration levels within a preset speed window to minimize energy consumption considering the instantaneous energy used and the regenerated energy. The developed BEV eco look-ahead control system integrates a BEV energy consumption model and a powertrain model to save fuel while maintaining vehicle speed within a user-specified window. In addition, the study demonstrates the effects of roadway grade on BEV energy consumption. The results show that the energy consumption of BEVs are significantly reduced on downhill roads compared with internal combustion engine vehicles owing to regenerative braking. Specifically, testing showed that BEVs could even produce extra energy on downhill roads. The study also tested the eco look-ahead control on an 18-km section of I-81 and found that the system produced savings of 8.51% and 26.88% in the uphill and downhill directions, respectively. This study demonstrated that regenerative energy in BEVs is a critical factor in energy efficiency and the developed eco look-ahead control significantly improved the energy efficiency for BEVs.

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Adedeji, Bukola Peter. "Parametric Predictions for Pure Electric Vehicles." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4 (December 8, 2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040257.

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Demand for pure electric vehicles has been found to be increasing over the years. This has necessitated the development of a model that would serve as a predicting machine for manufacturing different types of pure electric vehicles. Direct Artificial Neural Network approach was used for predictions of nine different parameters commonly found in pure electric cars. Predictions were found to be of high degree of accuracy while using unit and overall model errors as the basis of performance measurement. The mean absolute error, mean square error and root mean square error of the model were 0.109, 0.218 and 0.467, respectively, when the combined electric charge consumption was used for modeling. For the model formation, using the same variable, the losses for the training and testing were 3.9132 × 10−6 and 9.698 × 10−7, respectively. The model was also evaluated using redefined datasets. The developed model can be used by manufacturers and engineers to simulate future designs when certain parameters are given.

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Kil, Bum Soo, and Gang Chul Kim. "Per-Charge Range-Testing Method for Two-Wheeled Electric Vehicles." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2014.38.1.037.

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Nicolaica, Mihai-Ovidiu. "New Testing Process for Software Development in Hybrid Electric Vehicles." International Journal of Computer Applications 120, no. 14 (June 18, 2015): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/21295-4304.

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Ostler, Jon N., W. Jerry Bowman, Deryl O. Snyder, and Timothy W. McLain. "Performance Flight Testing of Small, Electric Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 1, no. 3 (November 2009): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/175682909789996177.

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Mahato, B. K., G. H. Brilmyer, and K. R. Bullock. "Performance testing of advanced lead—acid batteries for electric vehicles." Journal of Power Sources 16, no. 2 (October 1985): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(85)80084-7.

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Mahato, B. K., G. H. Brilmyer, and K. R. Bullock. "Performance testing of advanced lead-acid batteries for electric vehicles." Journal of Power Sources 17, no. 1-3 (January 1986): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(86)80027-1.

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Maulana, Febryan. "KONSEP DESAIN KENDARAAN LISTRIK RODA TIGA RAMAH LINGKUNGAN." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v10i2.141.

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Dalam penelitian Â ini dirancang sebuah kendaraan listrik roda tiga dengan menggunakan metode VDI (Verein Duetscher Ingeniure). Perancangan kendaraan listrik ini terfokus pada desain kontruksi rangka dan perhitungan kebutuhan motor listrik yang sesuai sebagai elemen utama kendaraan listrik. Dalam perancangan kendaraan listrik roda tiga terdapat 3 varian dan berdasarkan nilai evaluasi varian yang paling tinggi adalah varian 2 dengan nilai 0,05. Kendaraan roda tiga mempunyai dimensi panjang 2500 mm, lebar 1250 mm, tinggi 1400 mm dengan tingkat kestabilan 46%.Setelah dilakukan analisa dan pengujian terhadap kontruksi rangka yang menggunakan bahan S45C, maka dapat diketahui bahwa kontruksi rangka ini mampu menahan beban sebesar 250 kg. Dan Â dengan spesifikasi motor listrik 5 Kw yang dibutuhkan pun tersedia di pasar, sehingga memungkinkan kendaraan listrik roda tiga ini untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut.In this study will be designed a three-wheeled electric vehicle using the VDI (Verein Duetscher Ingeniure). The design of electric vehicles is focused on the design and calculation of required construction frame corresponding electric motor as the main element of the electric vehicle. In the design of three-wheeled electric vehicles, there are 3 variants and variants based on the value of the highest evaluation is a variant 2 with a value of 0.05. Three-wheeled vehicle has dimensions of length 2500 mm, width 1250 mm, height 1400 mm with a 46% degree of stability.After analysis and testing of construction materials using S45C frame, it can be seen that the frame construction can support the weight of 250 kg. And with a 5 Kw electric motor specifications required is available in the market, thus allowing the three-wheeled electric vehicles to be developed further.Dalam penelitian Â ini dirancang sebuah kendaraan listrik roda tiga dengan menggunakan metode VDI (Verein Duetscher Ingeniure). Perancangan kendaraan listrik ini terfokus pada desain kontruksi rangka dan perhitungan kebutuhan motor listrik yang sesuai sebagai elemen utama kendaraan listrik. Dalam perancangan kendaraan listrik roda tiga terdapat 3 varian dan berdasarkan nilai evaluasi varian yang paling tinggi adalah varian 2 dengan nilai 0,05. Kendaraan roda tiga mempunyai dimensi panjang 2500 mm, lebar 1250 mm, tinggi 1400 mm dengan tingkat kestabilan 46%.Setelah dilakukan analisa dan pengujian terhadap kontruksi rangka yang menggunakan bahan S45C, maka dapat diketahui bahwa kontruksi rangka ini mampu menahan beban sebesar 250 kg. Dan Â dengan spesifikasi motor listrik 5 Kw yang dibutuhkan pun tersedia di pasar, sehingga memungkinkan kendaraan listrik roda tiga ini untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut.In this study will be designed a three-wheeled electric vehicle using the VDI (Verein Duetscher Ingeniure). The design of electric vehicles is focused on the design and calculation of required construction frame corresponding electric motor as the main element of the electric vehicle. In the design of three-wheeled electric vehicles, there are 3 variants and variants based on the value of the highest evaluation is a variant 2 with a value of 0.05. Three-wheeled vehicle has dimensions of length 2500 mm, width 1250 mm, height 1400 mm with a 46% degree of stability.After analysis and testing of construction materials using S45C frame, it can be seen that the frame construction can support the weight of 250 kg. And with a 5 Kw electric motor specifications required is available in the market, thus allowing the three-wheeled electric vehicles to be developed further.

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Vo-Duy, Thanh, Minh C. Ta, Bảo-Huy Nguyễn, and João Pedro F. Trovão. "Experimental Platform for Evaluation of On-Board Real-Time Motion Controllers for Electric Vehicles." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 6, 2020): 6448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236448.

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Electric vehicles are considered to be a greener and safer means of transport thanks to the distinguished advantages of electric motors. Studies on this object require experimental platforms for control validation purpose. Under the pressure of research, the development of these platforms must be reliable, safe, fast, and cost effective. To practically validate the control system, the controllers should be implemented in an on-board micro-controller platform; whereas, the vehicle model should be realized in a real-time emulator that behaves like the real vehicle. In this paper, we propose a signal hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for electric vehicles that are driven by four independent electric motors installed in wheels (in-wheel motor). The system is elaborately built on the basis of longitudinal, lateral, and yaw dynamics, as well as kinematic and position models, of which the characteristics are complete and comprehensive. The performance of the signal hardware-in-the-loop system is evaluated by various open-loop testing scenarios and by validation of a representative closed-loop optimal force distribution control. The proposed system can be applied for researches on active safety system of electric vehicles, including traction, braking control, force/torque distribution strategy, and electronic stability program.

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Kong, Zhiguo, Wei Zhang, and Helin Zhang. "Testing and Evaluation of the Electric Drive System on the Vehicle Level." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4 (October 11, 2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040182.

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In order to obtain the performance of the electric drive system (EDS) on the vehicle level correctly and effectively, the authors carried out research on the testing and evaluation technology. Firstly, the typical control strategy and its influence and limitations regarding the EDS performance were discussed in detail. Secondly, a test system on four-wheel dynamometers with a high-performance data acquisition and analysis system was introduced. A dedicated test was performed. Further analysis of the results was introduced. It is proved that the method introduced here is feasible and effective, which is beneficial to benchmarking and evaluation of the EDS used in electric vehicles.

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Cui, Sheng Min, Yuan Lu, Jin Ping Song, Jian Feng Wang, and Wen Feng Ding. "Study on Zn-PANi Battery Characteristics Used for Electric Vehicles." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1374.

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To study Zn-PANi (polyaniline) battery dynamic characteristics a vehicle power supply based on miniature electric vehicles was designed. And the power battery dynamic test cycle was determined according to the vehicle test cycle prescribed under GB using Land battery testing system. The power battery steady characteristics tests include battery voltage test, per gram capacity test, self-discharge rate test, open circuit voltage and impedance test, cycle life test and short circuit test. Battery discharge characteristics include the relationship between discharge voltage and time, DOD(depth of discharge), the relationship between open circuit voltage, impedance and SOC in different discharge currents. Rationalization proposals in using Zn-PANi batteries efficiently by analyzing battery characteristics, advantages and disadvantages as power batteries are put forward.

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Wang, Ye Qin, and Yi Xing Liu. "Design of Distributed Electric Vehicle Battery Management System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 274 (January 2013): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.274.475.

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According to the requirements of the battery pack on pure electric vehicles, designed a distributed battery management system using the bus communication technology, the system can detect various operating parameters of the battery in real-time, diagnose and alarm according to the battery status. The system can also share information with the other systems of the vehicle through CAN bus. Through testing the system, the result shows that it can accurately measure the current and voltage of the battery, and the measurement accuracy meets the actual requirements.

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Yong, Wang, Bian Haihong, and Wang Chunning. "Research on Charging and Discharging Dispatching Strategy for Electric Vehicles." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 8, no. 1 (September 10, 2015): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01508010176.

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The popularity of electric vehicles may lead to negative effects on the power system if the charging procedures of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are uncoordinated. In order to solve the problem, the hierarchical and zonal dispatching architecture and a new bi-level optimization model are respectively presented for the charging/discharging schedules of the PEVs. The upper level model is devoted to minimizing the system load variance so as to implement peak load shifting by optimizing the dispatching plan of all periods for each electric vehicle aggregator (EVA), and the lower one is aimed at tracing the dispatching scheme determined by the upper decision-maker through presenting an optimal schedule of charging and discharging for electric vehicles in the charging areas. Two highly efficient commercial solvers, AMPL/IPOPT and AMPL/CPLEX respectively, are employed to solve the developed optimization problem. Finally, the testing IEEE system consisting of 5 agents and 30 nodes is adopted to illustrate the characteristics of the model and solving method presented in this paper.

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Iwańkowicz, Remigiusz. "Effective Permutation Encoding for Evolutionary Optimization of the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 6651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206651.

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This paper addresses the problem of route planning for a fleet of electric vehicles departing from a depot and supplying customers with certain goods. This paper aims to present a permutation-based method of vehicle route coding adapted to the specificity of electric drive. The developed method integrated with an evolutionary algorithm allows for rapid generation of routes for multiple vehicles taking into account the necessity of supplying energy in available charging stations. The minimization of the route distance travelled by all vehicles was taken as a criterion. The performed testing indicated satisfactory computation speed. A real region with four charging stations and 33 customers was analysed. Different scenarios of demand were analysed, and factors affecting the results of the proposed calculation method were indicated. The limitations of the method were pointed out, mainly caused by assumptions that simplify the problem. In the future, it is planned for research and method development to include the lapse of time and for the set of factors influencing energy consumption by a moving vehicle to be extended.

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Iwańkowicz, Remigiusz. "Effective Permutation Encoding for Evolutionary Optimization of the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 6651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206651.

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This paper addresses the problem of route planning for a fleet of electric vehicles departing from a depot and supplying customers with certain goods. This paper aims to present a permutation-based method of vehicle route coding adapted to the specificity of electric drive. The developed method integrated with an evolutionary algorithm allows for rapid generation of routes for multiple vehicles taking into account the necessity of supplying energy in available charging stations. The minimization of the route distance travelled by all vehicles was taken as a criterion. The performed testing indicated satisfactory computation speed. A real region with four charging stations and 33 customers was analysed. Different scenarios of demand were analysed, and factors affecting the results of the proposed calculation method were indicated. The limitations of the method were pointed out, mainly caused by assumptions that simplify the problem. In the future, it is planned for research and method development to include the lapse of time and for the set of factors influencing energy consumption by a moving vehicle to be extended.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric vehicles Testing'

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