Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Electric substations Automatic control'
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Ratshitanga, Mukovhe. "Investigation and design of an integrated monitoring, protection, and control system of a power reticulation network." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2710.
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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.As far as substation automation systems are concerned, one of the prime requirements of most utilities today is the interoperability between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) of different manufacturers. The standard IEC 61850 - Communication Networks and Systems in Substations - allows such interoperability between IEDs for protection and automation of substations. Presently, many manufacturers have implemented, or are in the process of implementing this standard in their IEDs. This has encouraged some utilities to specify IEC is to ensure that both system requirements are met and the features and benefits of the standard are fully exploited. The author of this thesis investigated and brought forward the design of an integrated monitoring protection and control system of a network in Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) campus based of the IEC 61850 standard. A method of testing the physical IED based on Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) configuration with the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) is developed and implemented. Mapping of IED Substation Configuration Language (SCL) with that of the RTDS GTNET cards is discussed and implemented to further exploit the use of realtime testing with Generic Object Oriented Substation Event messages (GOOSE). The thesis highlight the benefits of interconnecting the reticulation IEDs into a standardised communication network for protection, control and monitoring of each substation event. This improves the access to information and reduces maintenance cost on the reticulation network.
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Ghasemzadeh, H. R. "The power supply and automatic control of a mains electric tractor." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383690.
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Dillon, Brandon James. "The `Electric' Pascal: Absolute and Dynamic Calibration Techniques." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23929.
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This article describes a pressure generation technique that has been applied to the task of calibrating hydraulic pressure transducers. The technique combines principles given by the Lorentz Force and Faraday's Law of Induction to generate a hydrostatic pressure within a cavity. The time history of this pressure is given by the device without reliance on a reference transducer or knowledge of: the local gravity; thermodynamic properties of the working fluid; or acceleration of the cavity. In this way, the Pascal can be defined by reference only to the standards of the Amp, the Volt, the Meter, and -- in the case of time varying pressure -- the Second. Using this technique, a prototype device has been developed using commonly available tooling and can generate pressures in the range of 0.1 to 600 Pa with relative errors of 1.5%.Master of Science
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Wan, Yan. "New paradigms for design and control of dynamical networks." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/y_wan_022509.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, May 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 2, 2009). "School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 433-454).
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Zare, Abbas. "Implementation of Embedded Control System for Electric Drives based on Automatic Code Generation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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This project focuses on an improved methodology for embedded software development. MATLAB and Simulink allow the user to simplify control algorithm development for specific applications and load the implemented algorithms into the embedded target.
MATLAB allows constructing the control algorithms and its interface to different Digital Signal Processor (DSP) modules, such as A/D or D/A conversions and ePWM, as a block scheme in Simulink library. For example, Texas Instrument (TI) Company in collaboration with MATLAB allows the user to create a link between different DSPs of the TI and MATLAB software via the Simulink environment in order to generate automatically embedded C code adopted for different embedded targets.
The concepts of rapid prototyping and digital control technique in this project are realized based on using the Piccolo TMSF28035 TI C2000 MCU in conjunction with the Matlab/Simulink software based on an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) such as Code Composer Studio. Matlab/Simulink environment is used for the design, optimization, and off-line simulations of the model and power electronic circuits. The Real-Time Workshop converts the Simulink model to C or C++ programming code. Subsequently, the executable C code is automatically compiled to the assembly language for the TI C2000 MCUs, assembled, link-edited, and downloaded.
For the closed-loop controller, digital PI control is implemented and the values of the PI are defined by the pole placement method. Once the control scheme is built in Simulink, by automatic code generation capability of the MATLAB, the algorithm model is loaded into the DSP and runs the generated program.
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Abrahams, Leon Gary. "Computerised speed monitoring system for nylon spinning." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1123.
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Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town,1996The Southern Nylon Spinning plant, at South African Nylon Spinners in Bellville - Cape Town - South Africa, is one of the oldest on the site and a need arose to upgrade the existing method used in speed monitoring in this particular plant. This system was unable to produce alarms on speed limits being exceeded (i.e. on under-speed or over-speed). There was no alarm logging or historical trending. Manual records on speed were either incomplete or non-existent. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the existing speed monitoring system and implement a suitable computerised method of speed monitoring.
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Falkner, Catherine M. "Robust output feedback controllers for power system stabilization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14802.
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Miller, Joel Christopher. "Modulating dynamic stiffness of a direct-drive brushless linear DC motor." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16103.
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Boukas, Theocharis K. "Exact feedback linearization with state derivative feedback for high-performance field-oriented induction motor speed/position control." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14890.
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Tshemese, Nomzamo. "Design and PLC implementation of nonlinear PID cControllers for control of nonlinear processes." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1180.
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Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014A new control strategy for control of the nonlinear process of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration in the aerobic tank of wastewater treatment process is proposed. It provides means to improve the performance of the Linear Proportional Integration and Derivative (LPID) controller by extending it to a Nonlinear Proportional Integration and Derivative (NLPID) controller. The aim of the thesis is to develop methods, algorithms and software for design, simulation, and programmable logic controller (PLC) implementation of NLPID controllers in order to control the nonlinear process of dissolved oxygen. The thesis investigates the possibilities the widely used in theory and industry methods for the design of the LPID controllers for linear processes as Ziegler- Nichols and Pole Placement, to be applied to the design of NLPID controllers for the nonlinear process of DO concentration. Three cases are considered: Case 1: Application of the values of the parameters the linear PID controller designed by the Ziegler-Niched method for the linearized DO process model to be used as parameters of the nonlinear PID controllers to control the DO nonlinear process. Case 2: Application of the values of the parameters of the linear PID controller designed by the Pole placement method for the linearized DO process model, to be used as parameters of the nonlinear PID controller to control the nonlinear DO process. Case 3: Novel, proposed in the thesis, method based on the Pole placement method for direct design of the parameters of the linear and nonlinear PID controllers to control the nonlinear DO process. Software is developed to simulate in MATLAB environment the behavior of the closed loop DO process for the considered cases of controller designs. The results of the simulations show that in the Case1 and the Case 2 it is not possible to use the values of the LPID controller parameters designed for the linearized DO process, directly to control the nonlinear process by the NPID controllers. Additional tuning for some of the parameters is needed. The simulation in the Case 3 shows the excellent behaviors of the closed loop system for all linear and nonlinear PID controllers which prove that the new method is effective and applicable. Real-time simulations of the closed loop system are done in a TwinCAT 3 simulation environment of the Bechkoff EX5020 PLC. The deliverables of the thesis are applicable to many type nonlinear processes in chemical, manufacturing, and other industries.
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Wang, Shensheng. "Weighting normalization in optimal predictive control /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025659.
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Zonetti, Daniele. "Energy-based modelling and control of electric power systems with guaranteed stability properties." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS118/document.
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Pour traiter les systèmes non linéaires, à grande échelle, multi-domaine tels que les systèmes électriques de puissance, nous avons remarqué dans les dernières années un intérêt croissant pour les techniques de modélisation, analyse et contrôle basées sur la notion d'énergie. L'énergie est en fait un concept fondamental en science et en ingénierie, où typiquement les systèmes dynamiques sont regardés comme des dispositifs de transformation d'énergie. Cette perspective est particulièrement utile pour étudier des systèmes non linéaires assez complexes, qui peuvent être décomposés en sous-systèmes plus simples, caractérisés au niveau énergétique, et qui, à travers leurs interconnexions, déterminent le comportement global du système tout entier. Il représente bien évidemment le langage le plus naturel et intuitif pour représenter les systèmes électriques de puissance. En particulier, l'utilisation de systèmes Hamiltoniens à Ports a eu un impact très fort dans différentes applications, plus précisément dans le cas de systèmes mécaniques, électriques et électromécaniques. Dans ce contexte alors, l'approche Hamiltonien à Ports représentent sans doute une base solide qui montre une nouvelle fac{c}on d'aborder les problèmes d'analyse et contrôle de systèmes électriques de puissance. Basée sur cette approche, la thèse est structurée en trois étapes fondamentales:1 - Modélisation d'une classe très générale de systèmes électriques de puissance, basée sur la théorie des graphes et la formulation en Systèmes Hamiltoniens à Ports des composantes.2 - Modélisation, analyse et commande de systèmes de transmission de courant continu haute tension. Avec l'intention de construire un pont entre la théorie et les éventuelles applications, un des objectifs fondamentaux consiste à établir des relations évidentes entre les solutions adoptées dans la pratique et les solutions obtenues à travers une analyse mathématique précise.3 - Travaux apparentés de l'auteur, dans différents domaines des systèmes électriques de puissance: systèmes ac conventionnels et micro réseauxTo deal with nonlinear, large scale, multidomain, systems, as power systems are, we have witnessed in the last few years an increasing interest in energy–based modeling, analysis and controller design techniques. Energy is one of the fundamental concepts in science and engineering practice, where it is common to view dynamical systems as energy-transformation devices. This perspective is particularly useful in studying complex nonlinear systems by decomposing them into simpler subsystems which, upon interconnection, add up their energies to determine the full systems behavior. This is obviously the most natural and intuitive language to represent power systems. In particular, the use of port–Hamiltonian (pH) systems has been already proven highly successful in many applications, namely for mechanical, electrical and electromechanical systems. The port-Hamiltonian systems paradigm theremore provides a solid foundation, which suggests new ways to look at power systems analysis and control problems.Based on this framework, this thesis is structured in three main steps.1 - Modelling of a generalized class of electric power systems, based on graph theory and port-Hamiltonian representation of the individual components.2 - Modelling, analysis and control of multiterminal hvdc transmission systems. With the intention to bridge the gap between theory and applications, one of the main concerns is to establish connections between existing engineering solutions, usually derived via ad hoc considerations, and the solutions stemming from theoretical analysis.3 - Additional contributions of the author in other fields of electric power systems, including traditional ac power systems an microgrids
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Larsson, Camilla. "Reduction of oil pump losses in automatic transmissions." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-111937.
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In the vehicle industry it is of great interest to reduce the emissions and lower the fuel consumption.Up to now a lot of effort has been put into increasing the efficiency of the engine,but it starts to get expensive to keep improving the engine. In this master thesis the transmissionand especially the oil supply to the transmission is investigated. An example of how the requirements of an oil pump can be decided is described. Knowingthe requirements different pumps may be adapted to meet the demands. The gear pumpused today is compared with a variable displacement pump and an electric pump. The gearpump is not possible to control, but the other two are. A few simple control strategies areintroduced. The strategies are implemented and the three pumps are used in the same drivecycle. It is shown that it is possible to reduce the energy that the pump requires if it isreplaced by a variable vane pump or an electric pump.
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Zhou, Huafeng, and 周華鋒. "Design of grid service-based power system control centers for future electricity systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40687429.
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Zhou, Huafeng. "Design of grid service-based power system control centers for future electricity systems." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40687429.
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Bharadwaj, Aravind S. "Vector controlled induction motor drive systems." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-172143/.
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Sastry, Jyoti. "Direct AC control of grid assets." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41109.
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The objective of the proposed research is to investigate feasible approaches to dynamic control of the power grid. Growth in the demand for electric power, and an increase in the penetration of renewable energy resources are causing congestion on an already aging power grid. Conventional grid control involves the use of static assets that operate on long time scales. These assets provide no dynamic control on the grid, and are typically used for scheduled support. Existing solutions (FACTS devices) to dynamic grid control have seen minimal market penetration because of high cost and low reliability. The proposed research provides a solution for dynamic control of the power grid that augments existing grid assets with a thin AC converter (TACC) to realize enhanced dynamic control. The TACC is a direct AC converter with filter elements and no bulk energy storage that dynamically reflects the asset value on the grid. The converter has a fail-normal mode of operation that returns the asset to its initial operating state, thereby not degrading system reliability. Some applications of TACCs include Inverter-Less STATCOMs and Controllable Network Transformers, which are realized by augmenting shunt VAR capacitors and load tap changers respectively. The principle of virtual quadrature sources is proposed to enable conditioning of AC voltages and currents. The concept is a novel method to realize control of phase angle and, or harmonics in single-phase AC converters, with no bulk energy storage. This concept is used to control the TACC and provides the asset with significantly enhanced control capabilities. Scaling of the TACC to utility voltage and power levels has been addressed by proposing a novel multilevel direct AC converter. The concept proposes the use of commercially available low cost semiconductor devices to realize high power converters. The specific application chosen to validate the concept of TACCs, through a medium voltage design, is the Inverter-less STATCOM.
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Billis, Gerald. "The design and evaluation of a microprocessor-controlled triac cycloconverter two-phase induction motor drive." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1285072X.
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Taylor, William Patrick. "The design and fabrication of fully integrated magnetically actuated micromachined relays." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13345.
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Butt, Casey Benjamin. "Simplified fuzzy logic controller based vector control of an interior permanent magnet motor /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,155545.
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Liu, Kai, and 劉愷. "Optimal dispatch and management for smart power grid." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46336680.
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Ng, Kwok-kei Simon, and 吳國基. "Optimal planning and management of stochastic demand and renewable energy in smart power grid." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434299.
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To combat global climate change, the reduction of carbon emissions in different industries, particularly the power industry, has been gradually moving towards a low-carbon profile to alleviate any irreversible damage to the planet and our future generations. Traditional fossil-fuel-based generation is slowly replaced by more renewable energy generation while it can be harnessed. However, renewables such as solar and wind are stochastic in nature and difficult to predict accurately. With the increasing content of renewables, there is also an increasing challenge to the planning and operation of the grid.
With the rapid deployment of smart meters and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), an emerging approach is to schedule controllable end-use devices to improve energy efficiency. Real-time pricing signals combined with this approach can potentially deliver more economic and environmental advantages compared with the existing common flat tariffs. Motivated by this, the thesis presents an automatic and optimal load scheduling framework to help balance intermittent renewables via the demand side.
A bi-level consumer-utility optimization model is proposed to take marginal price signals and wind power into account. The impact of wind uncertainty is formulated in three different ways, namely deterministic value, scenario analysis, and cumulative distributions function, to provide a comprehensive modeling of unpredictable wind energy. To solve the problem in off-the-shelf optimization software, the proposed non-linear bi-level model is converted into an equivalent single-level mixed integer linear programming problem using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions and linearization techniques. Numerical examples show that the proposed model is able to achieve the dual goals of minimizing the consumer payment as well as improving system conditions. The ultimate goal of this work is to provide a tool for utilities to consider the demand response model into their market-clearing procedure.
As high penetration of distributed renewable energy resources are most likely applied to remote or stand-alone systems, planning such systems with uncertainties in both generation and demand sides is needed. As such, a three-level probabilistic sizing methodology is developed to obtain a practical sizing result for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system. The first-level consists of three modules: 1) load demand, 2) renewable resources, and 3) system components, which comprise the fundamental elements of sizing the system. The second-level consists of various models, such as a Markov chain solar radiation model and a stochastic load simulator. The third-level combines reliability indices with an annualized cost of system to form a new objective function, which can simultaneously consider both system cost and reliability based on a chronological Monte Carlo simulation and particle swamp optimization approach. The simulation results are then tested and verified in a smart grid laboratory at the University of Hong Kong to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model.
In summary, this thesis has developed a comprehensive framework of demand response on variable end-use consumptions with stochastic generation from renewables while optimizing both reliability and cost. Smart grid technologies, such as renewables, microgrid, storage, load signature, and demand response, have been extensively studied and interactively modeled to provide more intelligent planning and management for the smart grid.published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Choi, Sungyun. "Autonomous state estimation and its application to the autonomous operation of the distribution system with distributed generations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50250.
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The objective of this thesis is to propose guidelines for advanced operation, control, and protection of the restructured distribution system by designing the architecture and functionality for autonomous operation of the distribution system with DGs. The proposed architecture consists of (1) autonomous state estimation and (2) applications that enable autonomous operation; in particular, three applications are discussed: setting-less component protection, instant-by-instant management, and short-term operational planning. Key elements of the proposed approach have been verified: (1) the proposed autonomous state estimation has been experimentally tested using laboratory test systems and (2) the feasibility of the setting-less component protection has been tested with numerical simulations.
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Clarke, Thomas Leighton. "Aggregation of Electric Water Heaters for Peak Shifting and Frequency Response Services." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5033.
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The increased penetration of renewable energy sources poses new challenges for grid stability. The stochastic and uncontrollable generation of solar and wind power cannot be adjusted to match the load profile, and the transition away from traditional synchronous generators is reducing the grid capacity to arrest and recover from frequency disturbances.
Additionally, the distributed nature of many renewable energy sources makes centralized control of generation more complicated. The traditional power system paradigm balances the supply and demand of electricity on the grid by regulating generation. As this becomes more difficult, one alternative is to adjust the load instead. This is not entirely novel, and utilities have incentivized large industrial customers to reduce consumption during peak hours for years. However, the residential sector, which constitutes 37% of electricity consumption in the U.S., currently has very little capacity for load control.
Smart electric water heaters provide utilities with an appliance that can be remotely controlled and serves as a form of energy storage. They have very fast response times and make up a large amount of residential energy consumption, making them useful for load peak shifting as well as other ancillary grid services. As smart appliances become increasingly widespread, more and more devices can be brought into the utility's control network and aggregated into a flexible resource on a megawatt scale.
This work demonstrates the usefulness of aggregated electric water heaters for peak shifting and frequency response. Because a large number of assets are required, emulators are developed based on observations of real devices. Emulated water heaters are then connected to an energy resource aggregator using an internet-of-things network. The aggregator successfully uses these assets to shift consumption away from peak hours. An algorithm was developed for detecting upward frequency disturbances in real-time. The aggregator uses this algorithm to show that an aggregation of water heaters is well-suited to respond to these frequency disturbances by quickly adding a large amount of load to the grid.
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Sivertsson, Martin. "Optimization of Fuel Consumption in a Hybrid Powertrain." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-63563.
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Increased environmental awareness together with new legislative demands on lowered emissions and a rising fuel cost have put focus on increasing the fuel efficiency in new vehicles. Hybridization is a way to increase the efficiency of the powertrain.The Haldex electric Torque Vectoring Device is a rear axle with a built in electric motor, designed to combine all-wheel drive with hybrid functionality. A method is developed for creating a real time control algorithm that minimizes the fuel consumption. First the consumption reduction potential of the system is investigated using Dynamic Programming. A real time control algorithm is then devised that indicates a substantial consumption reduction potential compared to all-wheel drive, under the condition that the assumed and measured efficiencies are accurate. The control algorithm is created using equivalent consumption minimization strategy and is implemented without any knowledge of the future driving mission. Two ways of adapting the control according to the battery state of charge are proposed and investigated. The controller optimizes the torque distribution for the current gear as well as assists the driver by recommending the gear which would give the lowest consumption. The simulations indicate a substantial fuel consumption reduction potential even though the system primarily is an all-wheel drive concept. The results from vehicle tests show that the control system is charge sustaining and the driveability is deemed good by the test-drivers.
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Malvezzi, Victor Belieiro. "Estudo e projeto de controladores aplicados na malha de controle de corrente de um filtro ativo de potência paralelo." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1200.
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Este trabalho apresenta o estudo, projeto e implementação de quatro estratégias de controle de corrente de compensação para uma topologia monofásica de Filtro Ativo de Potência Paralelo (FAPP), sendo estas denominadas, controlador PI Clássico no eixo de coordenadas ( ), controlador PI Clássico no eixo de coordenadas ( – ), Controlador PI Ressonante no eixo de coordenadas ( ) e Controlador PI Ressonante no eixo de coordenadas ( ). A tensão no barramento CC é controlada por um controlador PI clássico. O FAPP é composto por um inversor full-bridge conectado a rede elétrica, o qual opera de modo a fornecer à rede elétrica uma corrente de compensação, com a mesma amplitude e em fase oposta à corrente harmônica da carga. O algoritmo baseado no sistema de eixos de referência síncrona (algoritmo ) é utilizado para obtenção da corrente de referência de compensação. Análises matemáticas são realizadas de forma a obter o modelo que representa o sistema físico do FAPP. Além disso, é apresentada uma metodologia de projeto para a obtenção dos ganhos dos controladores PI das malhas de corrente e de tensão do barramento CC. É também apresentada à metodologia para sintonia das parcelas ressoantes dos controlador e . Resultados de simulação e experimentais são apresentados de forma a validar o desenvolvimento teórico realizado e comparar o desempenho do FAPP, quando submetido às estratégias de controle propostas.This work presents the study, design and implementation of three control strategies for compensating current in a single-phase Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF), such as the conventional PI controller based on reference frame ( ), conventional PI controller based on reference frame ( ), PI plus resonant controller based on reference frame ( ) and PI plus resonant controller based on reference frame ( ). The DC bus voltage is controlled by using a linear PI controller. The SAPF consists of a full-bridge inverter connected to the grid. The main function of the shunt SAPF is to provide to the utility grid an adequate compensation current, containing the same amplitude and opposite phase of the load current harmonics. The algorithm used for obtaining the reference compensation current is based on the synchronous reference frame (SRF algorithm). Mathematical analyzes are developed in order to obtain the mathematical model which represents the SAPF physical system. In addition, it is presented a design methodology employed for obtaining the gains of the PI controllers used in both the compensation current and the DC-bus voltage loops. It is also presented methodology for tuning the resonant controllers. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical development and compare the performance of FAPP when submitted to the proposed control strategies.
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Blažiūnas, Giedrius. "Daugiafunkcinių dvikoordinačių vykdymo sistemų valdymas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050719_151258-32320.
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The research object is to develop and investigate methods and algorithms for fmleexthiboldes ,c othnetr oplr oobfl etmwso -ocfo osradviinnagt ea nddri vrea tisoynsatel mhas.n dAlipnpgl inogf edneevreglyo,p eeqdu cipomnternotl and global material resources have to be investigated in cases of two dimensional positioning and scanning processes under circumstances omaximal.
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Oda, George. "Aplicação do software scicoslab para análise do controle automático de geração de sistemas elétricos de potência." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2012. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14492.
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The purpose of this paper is to show that the software ScicosLab can be used as an interesting and effective computational tool to analyze the automatic generation control of electric power systems.
Firstly it is presented the software and, afterwards, the concepts and definitions of rotational movements in order to develop mathematical models for the generators equipped with steam turbines or hydraulic turbines and speed governors, and for their electrical loads.
For the studies it is used a system comprised by two distinct interconnected areas where a load increase in one area is simulated without/with the tieline, ignoring, and then considering the primary and supplementary controls.
Finally, it is analyzed a more realistic system with three distinct areas extracted from the Brazilian power system.
The computational results show graphically the variations of the two main quantities of interest: the frequency of each area of the system and the tieline power. These quantities allow the evaluation of the system behavior after a disturbance that affects the generation-load balance.
Within the above context, it is verified that the ScicosLab computer package effectively models and simulates the load-frequency control of power systems, qualifying, therefore, as an excellent alternative to replace any similar program which requires license payment.A proposta deste trabalho é mostrar que o software ScicosLab pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta computacional, interessante e eficaz, para analisar o controle automático de geração de sistemas elétricos de potência. Inicialmente é apresentado o software e, em seguida, os conceitos de movimentos rotativos que permitem desenvolver os modelos matemáticos para os geradores equipados com turbinas a vapor ou hidráulica e reguladores de velocidade, e para suas cargas elétricas. Para possibilitar os estudos é utilizado um sistema constituído por duas áreas distintas interligadas, onde é simulado um aumento de carga em uma destas áreas, sem e com a linha de interligação, desconsiderando e, em seguida, considerando os controles primário e suplementar. Finalmente, analisa-se um sistema mais realístico com três áreas distintas extraído do sistema elétrico brasileiro. Os resultados computacionais mostram graficamente as variações das duas principais grandezas de interesse: a frequência de cada área do sistema e a potência da linha de interligação. Estas grandezas permitem avaliar o comportamento do sistema após uma perturbação que afeta o balanço geração-carga. Considerando o exposto acima, constata-se que o pacote computacional ScicosLab modela e simula eficazmente o controle carga-frequência de sistemas elétricos de potência, qualificando-se, portanto, como uma excelente alternativa para substituir qualquer programa similar que exige pagamento de licença.
Mestre em Ciências
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Čivilis, Mindaugas. "Robotizuoto melžimo poveikis tešmens sveikatingumui." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140305_142025-94782.
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Darbo tikslas- įvertinti karvių bandos sergamumą mastitais, prieš įdiegiant automatizuotą melžimo sistemą ir po įdiegimo, kaip keitėsi pieno sudėties, kokybės rodikliai, bei ištirti pieno elektrini laidumą. Tyrimas atliktas ūkyje „x“ 2011- 2013 metų laikotarpyje. Surinkti pieno SLS, BBS, riebalų, baltymų, laktozės, urėjos duomenys iš 3-6m. amžiaus laktuojančių karvių melžiant į liniją ir pradėjus melžti „Lely Astronaut“ melžimo robotu, bei surinkti AMS duomenys apie pieno EL. Pieno sudėties bei kokybės tyrimai atlikti VĮ “Pieno tyrimai” laboratorijoje. Nustatyti dažniausi karvių mastito sukėlėjai ūkyje.The objective of this work is to assess the incidences of mastitis in the herd and to evaluate milk composition, quality indicators, and the milk electrical conductivity before and after an installation of an automated milking system. The study was conducted in the farm "x" during the year period from 2011 to 2013. During this study, milk SCC, TBC, fat, protein, lactose, and urea data of lactating cows from 3 to 6 years old was collected. The milk was firstly collected by using a pipeline milking system and later by using a “Lely Astronaut” robotic milking system (AMS). Data about the milk electric conductivity was collected from the AMS. Milk composition and quality research was performed by the State Enterprise “Pieno tyrimai” laboratory. The most common causes of mastitis were identified in the farm.
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Маслій, Андрій Сергійович. "Структурний та параметричний синтез систем автоматичного керування лінійними електродвигунами моношпального стрілочного переводу." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/35870.
Full textAbstract:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.07 – автоматизація процесів керування. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018.
Дисертація присвячена вирішенню науково-практичної задачі вдосконалення мікропроцесорної системи автоматичного керування безредукторним регульованим електроприводом стрілочного переводу моношпального типу на базі лінійного двигуна для отримання заданого закону керування рухом гостряків та зменшення часу переводу стрілки. Стрілочний перевід є основним виконавчим елементом систем залізничної автоматики. Системи, розроблені в 70-80 роках минулого століття, в багаторічній практиці роботи показали себе з позитивного боку, але на сьогоднішній день вони не можуть впоратися з новими проблемами, функціями і завданнями. Вирішення цього завдання вимагає застосування нових двигунів, а також створення спеціалізованих систем автоматичного керування. Крім того, розвиток мікросхемотехніки дає можливість створення мікропроцесорних систем керування, а також розширення функціональних можливостей приводу, використання безконтактних датчиків нового покоління, застосування електронної перетворювальної техніки, захисту двигуна під час переводу без використання фрикційного зчеплення. У дисертаційній роботі розроблено математичну модель стрілочного переводу з урахуванням характеристики навантаження. Ідентифіковано параметри лінійних двигунів для стрілочного переводу з урахуванням габаритів шпали. Обґрунтовано рекомендації щодо зміни конструкції стрілочного переводу, а саме – повний перехід до поступального руху, що дозволяє значно знизити коливальний процес в кінематичній лінії. Синтезовано ПІД-регулятор швидкості для індукторної лінійної машини методом Чина – Хронса – Ресвіка, а також нейронний регулятор положення для машини електромагнітного типу методами генетичних алгоритмів. Це дозволило поліпшити динаміку роботи електроприводу стрілочного переводу в різних режимах та захистити елементи електродвигуна від пошкодження. У розробленому макетному зразку реалізовано запропоновані алгоритми управління електроприводом стрілочного переводу моношпального типу.Dissertation for scientific degree of candidate of engineering science on speciality 05.13.07 – automation of control processes. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2018. The thesis is devoted to solving the problem of multipurpose synthesis of automatic control systems of a sleeper-type point machine based on two types of linear electric motors using various optimization methods and genetic control algorithms. In the thesis a mathematical model of the point machine with the characteristic of the load is developed. The parameters of linear motors for the point machine are identified taking into account the size of the sleepers. The recommendations for changing the switch design are justified, namely, a complete transition to the translational motion, which made it possible to significantly reduce the oscillatory process in the kinematic line. The PID speed controller for the inductor linear machine was synthesized by the Chien – Hrones – Reswick method. Also the neuron position controller for the electromagnetic-type machine was synthesized by genetic algorithm methods. In the developed model prototype, the proposed algorithms for controlling the electric drive of the sleeper-type point machine are implemented. The tests of the automatic control system showed the possibility of reducing the transfer time to 0.7 seconds.
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Маслій, Андрій Сергійович. "Структурний та параметричний синтез систем автоматичного керування лінійними електродвигунами моношпального стрілочного переводу." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/35869.
Full textAbstract:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.07 – автоматизація процесів керування. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018.
Дисертація присвячена вирішенню науково-практичної задачі вдосконалення мікропроцесорної системи автоматичного керування безредукторним регульованим електроприводом стрілочного переводу моношпального типу на базі лінійного двигуна для отримання заданого закону керування рухом гостряків та зменшення часу переводу стрілки. Стрілочний перевід є основним виконавчим елементом систем залізничної автоматики. Системи, розроблені в 70-80 роках минулого століття, в багаторічній практиці роботи показали себе з позитивного боку, але на сьогоднішній день вони не можуть впоратися з новими проблемами, функціями і завданнями. Вирішення цього завдання вимагає застосування нових двигунів, а також створення спеціалізованих систем автоматичного керування. Крім того, розвиток мікросхемотехніки дає можливість створення мікропроцесорних систем керування, а також розширення функціональних можливостей приводу, використання безконтактних датчиків нового покоління, застосування електронної перетворювальної техніки, захисту двигуна під час переводу без використання фрикційного зчеплення. У дисертаційній роботі розроблено математичну модель стрілочного переводу з урахуванням характеристики навантаження. Ідентифіковано параметри лінійних двигунів для стрілочного переводу з урахуванням габаритів шпали. Обґрунтовано рекомендації щодо зміни конструкції стрілочного переводу, а саме – повний перехід до поступального руху, що дозволяє значно знизити коливальний процес в кінематичній лінії. Синтезовано ПІД-регулятор швидкості для індукторної лінійної машини методом Чина – Хронса – Ресвіка, а також нейронний регулятор положення для машини електромагнітного типу методами генетичних алгоритмів. Це дозволило поліпшити динаміку роботи електроприводу стрілочного переводу в різних режимах та захистити елементи електродвигуна від пошкодження. У розробленому макетному зразку реалізовано запропоновані алгоритми управління електроприводом стрілочного переводу моношпального типу.Dissertation for scientific degree of candidate of engineering science on speciality 05.13.07 – automation of control processes. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2018. The thesis is devoted to solving the problem of multipurpose synthesis of automatic control systems of a sleeper-type point machine based on two types of linear electric motors using various optimization methods and genetic control algorithms. In the thesis a mathematical model of the point machine with the characteristic of the load is developed. The parameters of linear motors for the point machine are identified taking into account the size of the sleepers. The recommendations for changing the switch design are justified, namely, a complete transition to the translational motion, which made it possible to significantly reduce the oscillatory process in the kinematic line. The PID speed controller for the inductor linear machine was synthesized by the Chien – Hrones – Reswick method. Also the neuron position controller for the electromagnetic-type machine was synthesized by genetic algorithm methods. In the developed model prototype, the proposed algorithms for controlling the electric drive of the sleeper-type point machine are implemented. The tests of the automatic control system showed the possibility of reducing the transfer time to 0.7 seconds.
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Araujo, Carlos Eduardo de. "Implante neural controlado em malha fechada." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1687.
Full textAbstract:
Um dos desafios propostos por pesquisadores em neurociência aos engenheiros biomédicos é a interação cérebro-máquina. O sistema nervoso comunica-se interpretando sinais eletroquímicos, e circuitos implantáveis podem tomar decisões de modo a interagir com o meio biológico. Sabe-se também que a doença de Parkinson está relacionada a um déficit do neurotransmissor dopamina. Para controlar a concentração de dopamina diferentes técnicas tem sido empregadas como estimuladores elétricos, magnéticos e drogas. Neste trabalho obteve-se o controle da concentração do neurotransmissor de maneira automática uma vez que atualmente isto não é realizado. Para tanto, projetou-se e desenvolveu-se quatro sistemas: a estimulação cerebral profunda ou deep brain stimulation (DBS), a estimulação transmagnética ou transmagnetic stimulation (TMS), um controle de bomba de infusão ou infusion pump control (IPC) para a entrega de drogas e um sistema de voltametria cíclica de varredura rápida ou fast scan ciclic voltammetry (FSCV) (circuito que detecta variações de concentração de neurotransmissores como a dopamina - DA). Também foi necessário o desenvolvimento de softwares para a visualização de dados e análises em sincronia com acontecimentos ou experimentos correntes, facilitando a utilização destes dispositivos quando emprega-se bombas de infusão e a sua flexibilidade é tal que a DBS ou a TMS podem ser utilizadas de maneira manual ou automática além de outras técnicas de estimulação como luzes, sons, etc. O sistema desenvolvido permite controlar de forma automática a concentração da DA. A resolução do sistema é de 0.4 µmol/L podendo-se ajustar o tempo para correção da concentração entre 1 e 90 segundos. O sistema permite controlar concentrações entre 1 e 10 µmol/L, com um erro de cerca de +/- 0,8 µmol/L. Embora desenhado para o controle da concentração de dopamina o sistema pode ser utilizado para controlar outros neurotransmissores. Propõe-se continuar o desenvolvimento em malha fechada empregando FSCV e DBS (ou TMS, ou infusão), utilizando modelos animais parkinsonianos.One of the challenges to biomedical engineers proposed by researchers in neuroscience is brain machine interaction. The nervous system communicates by interpreting electrochemical signals, and implantable circuits make decisions in order to interact with the biological environment. It is well known that Parkinson’s disease is related to a deficit of dopamine (DA). Different methods has been employed to control dopamine concentration like magnetic or electrical stimulators or drugs. In this work was automatically controlled the neurotransmitter concentration since this is not currently employed. To do that, four systems were designed and developed: deep brain stimulation (DBS), transmagnetic stimulation (TMS), Infusion Pump Control (IPC) for drug delivery, and fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) (sensing circuits which detect varying concentrations of neurotransmitters like dopamine caused by these stimulations). Some softwares also were developed for data display and analysis in synchronously with current events in the experiments. This allowed the use of infusion pumps and their flexibility is such that DBS or TMS can be used in single mode and other stimulation techniques and combinations like lights, sounds, etc. The developed system allows to control automatically the concentration of DA. The resolution of the system is around 0.4 µmol/L with time correction of concentration adjustable between 1 and 90 seconds. The system allows controlling DA concentrations between 1 and 10 µmol/L, with an error about +/- 0.8 µmol/L. Although designed to control DA concentration, the system can be used to control, the concentration of other substances. It is proposed to continue the closed loop development with FSCV and DBS (or TMS, or infusion) using parkinsonian animals models.
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Pena, Jailson Silvério. "Eficiência energética por meio de um controlador PI autossintonizado por lógica fuzzy em sistema de distribuição de água de um setor da grande Curitiba." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2018. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3116.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação apresenta uma aplicação de inteligência artificial, a lógica fuzzy, estruturada como um controlador fuzzy, para a sintonia dos ganhos Kp e Ki de um controlador PI. Este último, configurado num conversor de frequência para a operação de um conjunto motor-bomba do sistema de abastecimento de água potável na região denominada de Recalque Mercês (RMER), na cidade de Curitiba, compreendendo 4 bairros com 140 km de tubulação e mais de 13 mil ligações a clientes. Hoje, o sistema funciona com controle PI tradicional de ganhos fixos, variando a velocidade do conjunto motorbomba, controlados por um sensor de pressão à jusante do bombeamento. Contudo, a variação de consumo de água potável fornecida é muito grande durante o período de um dia, sendo máxima no entardecer e mínima durante a madrugada, e com características sazonais, o consumo aumenta com o calor e diminui no frio, o que faz esse tipo de controle fixo ser ineficiente em determinados momentos. A proposta é adotar o controle fuzzy para alterar os coeficientes do controlador PI ao longo do dia, de forma autônoma, de acordo com o consumo instantâneo e assim, alcançar uma melhor eficiência energética do sistema, prezando pela qualidade do serviço prestado à população. Isto é, garantindo a vazão e a pressão de água para o consumidor. Por meio do MatLab®, mais precisamente os toolbox’s de simulação, Simulink® e SimScape®, foram criados dois modelos, um com o controle atual e o outro com a proposta inteligente, de uma abreviação da rede e do sistema de bombeamento da elevatória existente, a diminuição de 4 conjuntos motor-bomba para apenas 1 (um) e num trajeto único, perfazendo 5,4 km de distância, até o local denominado de ponto crítico, onde é mais longe, alto e difícil de se manter a pressão no patamar de 10 m.c.a. (1 bar), por norma. O controlador fuzzy desenvolvido possui 2 entradas, o nível do reservatório e a pressão à jusante do conjunto motor-bomba, e 2 saídas, os ganhos proporcional e integral para o PI. Com a estrutura baseado em regras, foram criadas 123 regras de inferência para que o sistema obtenha um desempenho favorável. As simulações foram realizadas com a referência de dados – 3 meses de histórico – de medições do reservatório e do sensor de pressão que é a realimentação do controle PI existente. Assim, a eficiência energética de 6,15% ao mês, em termos de energia elétrica consumida, foi conseguida, comparando com o modelo de controle tradicional.This dissertation presents an application of artificial intelligence, the fuzzy logic, structured as a fuzzy controller, for the tuning of the Kp and Ki gains of a PI controller. The latter, configured in a frequency converter for the operation of a motor-pump assembly of the drinking water supply system in the region called Recalque Mercês (RMER), in the city of Curitiba, comprising 4 districts with 140 km of pipeline and more than 13 thousand connections to customers. Today, the system operates with PI traditional control with fixed gains, varying the speed of the motor-pump assembly, controlled by a pressure sensor downstream to the pumping. However, the variation in the consumption of potable water supplied is very large during the period of one day, being maximum at dusk and minimum during the dawn, and with seasonal characteristics, consumption increases with heat and decreases in the cold, which makes static control inefficient at certain times. The proposal is to adopt the fuzzy control to change the coefficients of the PI controller throughout the day, autonomously, according to the instantaneous consumption and thus achieve a better energy efficiency of the system, appreciating the quality of service provided to the population. That is, ensuring the flow and pressure of water to the consumer. Through MatLab®, simulation tools, Simulink® and SimScape®, two models were created, one with the current control and the other with the intelligent proposal. An abbreviation of the network and the existing pumping system of the lift, the reduction of 4 engine-pump assemblies to only 1 (one) and a single path, making 5.4 km distance, to the socalled critical point location, where it is further, higher and more difficult to keep the pressure at the 10 mwg (1 bar), as a rule. The developed fuzzy controller has 2 inputs, the reservoir level and the downstream pressure of the motor-pump assembly, and 2 outputs, proportional and integral gains for the PI. With the rulesbased framework, 123 inference rules were created for the system to perform favorably. The simulations were carried out with the reference of data – 3 months of historical – of measurements of the reservoir and pressure sensor that is the feedback of the existing PI control. Thus, the energy efficiency of 6.15% per month, in terms of electric power consumed, was achieved, compared to the traditional control model.
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Сарняк, Ігор Миколайович, and Ihor Sarniak. "Розробка автоматизованої системи управління електропри водом для постачання води приватним житловим господарствам." Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, кафедра електричної інженерії,Тернопіль, Україна, 2020. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/33493.
Full textAbstract:
Уже протягом тривалого часу відцентрові насоси створюють комфортні умови в життєдіяльності суспільства, приймають участь в значній кількості виробничих процесів. Проведені дослідження свідчать, що майже 27% всієї виробленої на земній кулі електроенергії витрачається на роботу електричного приводу відцентрових механізмів, а основна доля цієї енергії припадає на відцентрові насоси. Більшість електроприводів вказаних механізмів на даний час є нерегульованими [1].
Класичні методи регулювання подачі води в насосних установках полягають у дроселюванні напірних ліній та зміні повної кількості робочих агрегатів. Зазначені методи регулювання дозволяють вирішити технологічні задачі але на практиці не враховують енергетичних проблем подачі води [2].
В більшості випадків електротехнічне та гідравлічне обладнання при проектуванні систем насосних станцій розраховують за максимальними технічними характеристиками (подача, напір води і ін.) водопостачання та водовідведення. Але на практиці, при введені в експлуатацію таких насосних установок, виявляється, що вони можуть вийти на проектні режими тільки за декілька років. Відповідно, діючі насосні станції дуже часто працюють в режимах, які не відповідають розрахунковим. Варто також врахувати сезонні, тижневі та добові нерівномірні графіки витрат і напорів, що характеризуються непостійним водоспоживанням, в наслідок чого робочі режими насосів виходять поза межі робочих параметрів їх характеристикУ даній кваліфікаційній роботі виконано теоретичну розробку автоматичної системи управління насосною установкою, яка здійснює подачу води до приватних житлових поселень. Основним критерієм вибору при проектуванні системи автоматичного управління і її елементної бази є доступність складових частин електроприводу можливість безпосередньої їх купівлі в Україні, доступність технічної документації та умови гарантійного обслуговування. Опираючись на результати проведених розрахунків та вибрану елементну базу було розроблено структурну схему системи автоматичного управління, на основі якої було виконано моделювання динамічних режимів системи автоматичного управління на персональному комп’ютері
In this qualification work the theoretical development of the automatic control system of the pump installation which carries out water supply to private housing estates. The main criterion for selection in the design of the automatic control system and its element base is the availability of components of the electric drive the possibility of their direct purchase in Ukraine, the availability of technical documentation and warranty conditions. Based on the results of the calculations and the selected element base, the structural scheme of the automatic control system was developed, on the basis of which the modeling of the dynamic modes of the automatic control system on a personal computer was performed.
ВСТУП …6 1 АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ РОЗДІЛ ...10 1.1 Насосні установки і частоні перетворювачі для систем водопостачання ...10 1.2 Частотне регулювання швидкості асинхронних електроприводів ...15 1.3 Система підпорядкованого регулювання ... 21 1.4 Висновки до розділу ...23 2 ПРОЕКТНО-КОНСТРУКТОРСЬКИЙ РОЗДІЛ ...24 2.1 Конструкція промислової установки та задача автоматизації ...24 2.2 Вибір електродвигуна для системи водопостачання ...27 2.3 Вибір частотного перетворювача ...31 2.4 Вибір давача тиску системи водопостачання ...38 2.5 Вибір захисного обладнання ...42 2.6 Висновки до розділу ...46 3 РОЗРАХУНКОВО-ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКИЙ РОЗДІЛ ...47 3.1 Аналітичне дослідження системи автоматичного керування ...47 3.2 Розрахунок ПІД-регулятора для автоматичної системи управління ...51 3.3 Дослідження моделі лінійної системи без обмежень ...53 3.4 Дослідження моделі лінійної системи з урахуванням обмежень ...55 3.5 Дослідження системи автоматизованого управління ...58 3.6 Висновки до розділу ...61 4 ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКА В НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ ...62 4.1 Заходи безпеки при обслуговуванні автоматичної системи керування насосною установкою ...62 4.2 Вимоги пожежної безпеки при роботі з автоматичною системою керування насосною установкою ...65 ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИСНОВКИ ...68 ПЕРЕЛІК ПОСИЛАНЬ ...69
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Афанасов, Андрій Михайлович, Андрей Михайлович Афанасов, and Andriy M. Afanasov. "Розвиток наукових основ та вдосконалення енергоефективних методів випробування тягових електричних машин постійного та пульсуючого струму." Thesis, Видавництво Дніпропетровського національного університету залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, 2013. http://eadnurt.diit.edu.ua:82/jspui/handle/123456789/1688.
Full textAbstract:
Афанасов, А. М. Розвиток наукових основ та вдосконалення енергоефективних методів випробування тягових електричних машин постійного та пульсуючого струму: авт. дис. д-ра т. н.: 05.22.09; 05.22.12 / А. М. Афанасов ; Дніпропетр. нац. ун-т залізн. трансп. ім. акад. В. Лазаряна. - Д. : Вид-во Дніпропетр. нац. ун-ту залізн. трансп. ім. акад. В. Лазаряна, 2013 ГРНТИ
73.29.21 УДК 656.213.073.23(043.3)Захист - 27 червня 2013 рокуUK: АНОТАЦІЯ Дисертація присвячена розвитку наукових основ та вдосконаленню енерго- ефективних методів випробування тягових електричних машин постійного та пульсуючого струму тягового рухомого складу магістрального та промислового залізничного транспорту. У роботі проблема удосконалення системи приймально-здавальних випробувань тягових електромашин розглядається як омплексна і вирішується шляхом обґрунтування нових принципів визначення раціональних схем та режимів навантажування тягових електромашин. Розроблено принципи синтезу систем взаємного навантажування тягових електромашин постійного та пульсуючого струму, на основі яких визначений повний ряд можливих варіантів схеми взаємного навантажування. Науково обґрунтовано універсальні принципи регулювання режимів взаємного навантажування тягових електромашин. Визначено раціональні схеми та режими взаємного навантажування тягових електромашин, які забезпечують зниження сумарної потужності джерел випробувальної станції, підвищення енергетичної ефективності та якості випробувань
RU: АННОТАЦИЯ Диссертация посвящена развитию научных основ и совершенствованию энергоэффективных методов испытания тяговых электрических машин постоянного и пульсирующего тока тягового подвижного состава магистрального и промышленного железнодорожного транспорта. В данной работе проблема усовершенствования системы приемо-сдаточных испытаний тяговых электромашин рассматривается как комплексная и решается путем обоснования новых принципов определения рациональных схем и режимов нагружения тяговых электромашин. Сформулированы энергетические и электромеханические принципы взаимного нагружения электромашин постоянного тока. Разработана методика синтеза систем взаимного нагружения, с помощью которой определен полный ряд принципиально возможных вариантов электромеханической схемы взаимной нагрузки тяговых электромашин постоянного и пульсирующего тока последовательного возбуждения. Научно обоснованы универсальные принципы управления режимами взаимного нагружения тяговых электромашин путем изменения параметров источников и преобразователей мощности, а также регулированием возбуждения испытуемых электромашин. Разработаны функциональные схемы систем автоматического управления стендами взаимной нагрузки тяговых электромашин постоянного и пульсирующего тока. Выполнен анализ влияния на режим взаимного нагружения пары испытуемых тяговых электромашин степени расхождения их магнитных характеристик. Установлено влияние на значение суммарной типовой мощности источников испытательной системы количества этих источников, к. п. д. испытуемых электромашин и нормируемого допустимого относительного отклонения частоты вращения их роторов в часовом режиме. Получены аналитические выражения для определения степени влияния отдельных видов потерь в испытуемых электромашинах на превышение температуры их обмоток. Исследовано влияние на расхождение тепловых нагрузок обмоток якорей и обмоток возбуждения пары испытуемых тяговых электромашин режимов взаимного нагружения, расхождения магнитных характеристик и удельных потерь мощности в электромашинах. Выполнен анализ энергетических показателей систем и режимов взаимного нагружения тяговых электромашин. Энергетическая эффективность испытания электромашин на нагрев представлена в виде комплексного параметра, определяемого энергетическими эффективностями системы взаимного нагружения и процесса нагревания. Получены аналитические выражения для определения энергетической эффективности косвенных методов компенсации потерь и процесса нагревания обмоток электромашин. Установлена зависимость энергетической эффективности нагревания обмоток испытуемых электромашин от величины тока нагрузки. Выполнен анализ рациональных вариантов источников и преобразователей электрической и механической мощности, разработана методика определения характеристик и параметров источников и преобразователей мощности, которые могут быть применены в системах взаимного нагружения тяговых электрических машин. Установлены основные направления повышения энергоэффективности и качества приемо-сдаточных испытаний тяговых электромашин. Определены рациональные схемы и режимы взаимного нагружения, обеспечивающие снижение суммарной мощности источников испытательной станции, повышение энергетической эффективности и качества испытаний электромашин тягового подвижного состава магистрального и промышленного железнодорожного транспорта.
EN: ABSTRACT The thesis is devoted to the development of scientific bases and improve energy efficiency test methods traction electric machines and pulsating DC current of traction and rolling stock of main industrial railways. In this science work the problem of improving the system acceptance testing electric traction is seen as a complex and solved by determining the justification of new principles of rational schemes and modes of loading electric traction. The principles of mutual fusion of electric traction load continuous and pulsed current, which is defined on the basis of a full range of possible schemes of mutual activity. Scientifically grounded universal principles of mutual adjustment mode loading electric traction. Rational schemes and modes relative loading of electric traction, to reduce the total power testing station sources, energy efficiency and quality testing.
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Bednář, Vojtěch. "Rekonstrukce elektrické části vytloukacího roštu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241115.
Full textAbstract:
This Diploma work is concerned with the design of project documentation for discharging shakeout machine electric installation. This work continues in the Semestral project 2 in which the background of a new machine was made. Then, this work deals with the replacement of a switch room with required devices including the design of a new connecting cables and power streams. In the first part, the work deals with the control part of the device and the design of control and signal cables including the product documentation of the device. In the second part, the work deals with the proposal of building electro installation in which a new lighting and its use is described. The last part focuses on the coordination during the realization of a suggested device. In this part, all problems coming from the particular working procedures including a proposal of possible solutions are described. According to the project documentation and following realization, the documentation of final concept reflecting the real status of the device is described.
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Kannangara, Indunil Chanaka. "Low cost integrated substation protection and control system." Thesis, 1994. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/17909/.
Full textAbstract:
With the recent developments in the digital equipment associated with the power
system such as digital relays and transducers the development of integrated substation
protection and control systems were possible. In this thesis the use of the currently
available very sophisticated and reliable, yet inexpensive high level third generation
software to develop such application is dicussed. Low cost integrated system does
not depend on any particular power protection or control manufacturers protocol but
uses standard IEEE '802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Accesses/Collision Detection
(CSMA/CD) protocol (Ethernet). Data Acquisition and control is done directly so that
it could be used on a range of different manufacturers' equipment. These capabilities
make this development to act as a system integrator for substation protection and
control and will overcome many disadvantages associated with the traditional
protection and control systems.
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Njova, Dion. "Evaluating of DNP3 protocol over serial eastern operating unit substations and improving SCADA performance." Diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27683.
Full textAbstract:
A thesis which models the DNP3 and IEC 61850 protocol in OPNETSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a critical part of monitoring and controlling of the electrical substation. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the performance of the Distributed Network Protocol Version 3.3 (DNP3) protocol and to compare its performance to that of International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) 61850 protocol in an electrical substation communication network environment. Building an electrical substation control room and installing the network equipment was going to be expensive and take a lot of time. The better option was to build a model of the electrical substation communication network and run simulations. Riverbend modeller academic edition known as Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) was chosen as a software package to model substation communication network, DNP3 protocol and IEC 61850 Protocol stack. Modelling the IEC 61850 protocol stack on OPNET involved building the used Open System Interconnection (OSI) layers of the IEC 61850 protocol stack onto the application definitions of OPNET. The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) configuration settings of DNP3 protocol were also modelled on the OPNET application definitions. The aim is to compare the two protocols and determine which protocol is the best performing one in terms of throughput, data delay and latency. The substation communication model consists of 10 ethernet nodes which simulate protection Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), 13 ethernet switches, a server which simulates the substation Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) and the DNP3 Protocol over TCP/IP simulated on the model. DNP3 is a protocol that can be used in a power utility computer network to provide communication service for the grid components. DNP3 protocol is currently used at Eskom as the communication protocol because it is widely used by equipment vendors in the energy sector. DNP3 protocol will be modelled before being compared to the new recent robust protocol IEC 61850 in the same model and determine which protocol is the best for Eskom on the network of the power grid. The network load and packet delay parameters were sampled when 10%, 50%, 90% and 100% of devices are online. The IEC 61850 protocol model has three scenarios and they are normal operation of a Substation, maintenance in a Substation and Buszone operation at a Substation. In these scenarios packet end to end delay of Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE), vi © University of South Africa 2020 Generic Substation Status Event (GSSE), Sampled Values (SV) and Manufacturing Messaging Specification (MMS) messages are monitored. The throughput from the IED under maintenance and the throughput at the Substation RTU end is monitored in the model. Analysis of the results of the DNP3 protocol simulation showed that with an increase in number of nodes there was an increase in packet delay as well as the network load. The load on the network should be taken into consideration when designing a substation communication network that requires a quick response such as a smart gird. GOOSE, GSSE, SV results on the IEC 61850 model met all the requirements of the IEC 61850 standard and the MMS did not meet all the requirements of the IEC standard. The design of the substation communication network using IEC 61850 will assist when trying to predict the behavior of the network with regards to this specific protocol during maintenance and when there are faults in the communication network or IED’s. After the simulation of the DNP3 protocol and the IEC 61850 the throughput of DNP3 protocol was determined to be in the range (20 – 450) kbps and the throughput of IEC61850 protocol was determined to be in the range (1.6 – 16) Mbps.
College of Engineering, Science and Technology
M. Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
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Morais, Bruno. "Emerging Technologies and Future Trends in Substation Automation Systems for the Protection, Monitoring and Control of Electrical Substations." Dissertação, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/73912.
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Morais, Bruno Tiago Pires. "Emerging technologies and future trends in substation automation systems for the protection, monitoring and control of electrical substations." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/72634.
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Morais, Bruno Tiago Pires. "Emerging Technologies and Future Trends in Substation Automation Systems for the Protection, Monitoring and Control of Electrical Substations." Master's thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/66849.
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Morais, Bruno Tiago Pires. "Emerging technologies and future trends in substation automation systems for the protection, monitoring and control of electrical substations." Dissertação, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/72634.
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Gunasekera, Srilal. "Design and Development of Protection, Control and SCADA of Model Zone Substation Laboratory Based on The IEC61850 Communication Standard." Thesis, 2017. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40051/.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction of IEC61850 standard for substation automation has envisaged higher efficiencies and reliability in operation of energy management systems (EMS). However, despite its benefits, utility companies are hesitant to adopt and integrate IEC61850 standard because of lack of knowledge and skills among engineers in power supply industry. Under this circumstance Victoria University has been a pioneer to model Victoria University Zone Substation Automation System based on IEC61850 standard which can be a test bench and training facility for people from industry and students in academic. Basically, the focus of this research project is concerned with the design and implementation of a model zone substation automation laboratory based on IEC61850. To simulate a real-world scenario, the model zone substation primary system is designed to match the exact requirements and arrangements as exists in Melbourne-Victoria grid terminal zone substations. Therefore, the Victoria University model Substation Automations Systems (SAS) also included two sub-transmission lines, two distribution transformers, bus couplers and feeders and their protection, control, measuring ang monitoring systems. For this SAS arrangements there are eight protection and control panels have been included to match the real-world scenario. Therefore, protection and control segregation have been designed for Main Protection (X - Protection) using ABB relays and Backup Protection (Y-Protection) using GE relays, and Communication switches, RTU and SCADA also from different venders like ABB, SIEMENS and other, and all of them compatible with the IEC61850 standard. For the designing purpose two stages have been defined; station bus level which includes configuration and communication between Protective Relays from ABB & GE, and stage two is process bus level including IEDs, CBs and Merging Units for sample values (SVs) Measurements. Through this project, interoperability facilities are inherent in IEC61850 communication standard are utilized to communicate and share substation events and reports among protection relays from different manufacturers such as ABB and GE and other. To implement this fundamental aspect of IEC61850 the overall communication system is connected to Ruggedcom switches and configured according to IEC61850 standards, using proprietary software packages and a system configuration (SCL).
In fact, the main idea for development of Victoria zone substation laboratory is to provide power engineering students, and industries like utilities for hands on experience such as how to perform tests in IEC61850 functions using various software tools from different manufacturers.
The main work for this research project was to identify the current industry requirements for SAS and design and develop a simulation system for the use of academic back ground. Therefore, to fulfil this task successfully my background as SAS design engineer work experiences contributed to a greater extent to design and implementation process of this research project.
Moreover, with the extension of the IEC61850 from substation automation level to cover distribution & transmission automation for IEC61850- 9-2 LE. In short, Victoria University’s model zone substation laboratory can be utilized for R&D purposes customizing for any research studies based on IEC61850 communication standard, and given the capabilities offered by IEC61850 standard and limited implementation at substation level, development of a test bench for further utilization of IEC61850 in Power System Automation level is appreciable.
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Chatterjee, Sreenita. "Dimensioning Of Corona Control Rings For EHV/UHV Line Hardware And Substations." Thesis, 2012. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2446.
Full textAbstract:
High voltage (EHV and UHV) transmission facilitates transfer of large amount of power over long distances. However, due to the inherent geometry, the line and substation hardware of EHV and UHV class generate high electric fields, which results in local ionisation of air called corona discharges. Apart from producing audible noise in the form of frying or hissing sound, corona produces significant electromagnetic interferences in the radio range. The limit for this corona generated Radio Interference (RI) has been stipulated by international standards, which are strictly to be followed.
In line and substation hardware, corona control rings are generally employed to limit or avoid corona. Standard dimensions of corona rings are not available for EHV and UHV class. In most of the cases, their design is based on either a trial and error method or based on empirical extrapolation. Only in certain specific cases, the dimensioning of the rings is carried out using electric field calculations. In any of these approaches, the unavoidable surface abrasions, which can lead to corona, are not considered. There are also efforts to account for nominal surface irregularity by using a surface roughness factor, which is highly heuristic.
In order to address this practically relevant problem, the present work was taken up. The intended exercise requires accurate field computation and a suitable criterion for checking corona onset. For the first part, the Surface Charge Simulation Method is adopted with newly proposed sub-modelling technique. The surface of the toroid is discretised into curvilinear patches with linear approximation for the surface charge density. Owing to its high accuracy, Galerkin’s method of moments formulation is employed. The problem of singularity encountered in the numerical approach is handled using a method based on Duffy’s transformation. The developed codes have also been validated with standard geometries.
After a survey of relevant literature the ‘Critical Avalanche Criteria’ is chosen for its simplicity and applicability to the problem. Through a detailed simulation, the effect of avalanche space charge in reducing the corona onset voltage is found to be around 1.5% and hence it is not considered further.
For utilities not interested in a detailed calculation procedure for dimensioning of corona rings, design curves are developed for circular corona rings of both 400 kV and 765 kV class with surface roughness factor in the range 0.8 – 1.
In the second part of the work, a methodology for dimensioning is developed wherein the inevitable surface abrasion in the form of minute protrusions can be accounted. It is first shown that even though considerable field intensification occurs at the protrusions, such localised modification need not lead to corona. It is shown that by varying the minor radius of the corona ring, it is possible to get a design where the prescribed surface abrasion does not lead to corona onset.
In summary, the present work has successfully developed a reliable methodology for the design of corona rings with prescribed surface abrasions. It involved development of an efficient field computation technique for handling minute surface protrusions and use of appropriate criteria for assessing corona inception. It has also provided design curves for EHV and UHV class corona rings with surface roughness factor specified in the range 0.8 – 1.0.
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Zhou, Dongsheng 1964. "Dynamic control of brushless doubly-fed machines." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34676.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents the development of dynamic control strategies for the
brushless doubly-fed machine (BDFM). A simple open-loop scalar controller is first
investigated and its response is found to be oscillatory. Using the speed feedback
signal, an improved closed loop scalar control algorithm is designed. Steady state
performance is controlled by the magnitude of the BDFM control winding current.
Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the closed loop algorithm has a
slow response and is suitable for low performance drive applications. A model
reference adaptive control algorithm is investigated in simulation, attempting to improve
the BDFM dynamic response and assure its robustness against system parameter
variations.
Further investigations reveal that the field orientation principle for conventional
induction machines can be adapted for the BDFM. This enables the design of a rotor
flux oriented control algorithm, based on a newly established synchronous reference
frame model. Simulation results illustrate the algorithm's fast dynamic response and
robustness against parameter variations.
The verification of various control algorithms is carried out on a laboratory
system consisting of an experimental BDFM, a power converter and associated control
hardware. An Intel 80196Kr microprocessor is used to implement inverter switching
and current regulation for the BDFM control winding. The rotor flux oriented control
algorithm is implemented using an Intel 80960KB floating point microprocessor,
achieving a control bandwidth in the kHz-order.
Evaluation of a BDFM synchronous angle shows its significance in control
design, and it is incorporated into the later control algorithm development in order to
eliminate electric torque estimation. This simplifies control algorithm design and is
verified experimentally. Consequently, the control algorithm for the BDFM can
approach the simplicity of equivalent induction machine control techniques.Graduation date: 1996
46
Rodrigues, Terence Keith. "Computerised dynamic control of an ac dynamometer." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33740.
Full textAbstract:
The Motor Systems Resource Facility (MSRF) at Oregon State University
presently conducts a variety of steady state tests on Motors and Generators, with
ratings of upto 300Hp.(225kW), using a dynamometer. The dynamometer consists of
an induction motor fed by a power electronic converter. A control computer uses a
serial link, to send the desired steady state values of speed or torque to the converter.
The objective of the work of this thesis was the conversion of the existing
control interface, to one that could support programmable dynamic operation. Some
of the capabilities that the resulting system has acquired, include the ability to
simulate a general, predefined torque or speed profile, from a generalised polynomial
function, a sine wave of torque or speed added to a constant offset, and a general
purpose mode which allows the user to specify an atypical profile. The conversion to
dynamic operation, permits the study and laboratory simulation of dynamic effects
like the Sub-Synchronous Resonance phenomenon observed in turbine- generator
sets attached to the power grid, the effect of "tower shadow" on wind power
generation, time-varying load profiles, testing of machines under real world
operating situations etc.
Several tests were performed to ensure that the actual speed/torque profiles
obtained from the machine, corresponded to the reference profiles specified in each
case. Measured performance of specific examples is given.Graduation date: 1999
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Wu, I.-Lung, and 吳奕隆. "Study of Gear Shift Control of an Automatic Transmission for Electric Bus." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91325134937796042062.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
車輛工程系所
104
This study is devoted to develop a gear-shift control strategy for electric bus clutch-less automated manual transmission (CLAMT). The mechanism layout of the CLAMT modified from a conventional AMT and the operation details of synchronizer are expounded in this thesis. The developed gear-shift method is to control the adjacent gear-shift actuators independently at the same time so that the speed synchronization process of gear engagement is fully relied on the synchronizers of gearbox to accomplish the gear change. Since the speed synchronization procedure isn’t depended upon electrical speed regulation via the power motor driver any more, the electric control unit (ECU) can avoid the demand to have the motor controllability of rapid mode-switching (between torque mode and speed mode) during gear shifting. The proposed gear-shift control scheme mainly combined a Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to manipulate the adjacent gear-shift actuators simultaneously. Since the driveline dynamics are hard to characterize precisely and subject to environmental uncertainties, adaptive control scheme is alternatives for handling processes with unknown uncertainty and parameter variation. The adopted MRAC is to automatically regulate the entire friction torque of synchronizers, which can make the dynamic of gearbox shaft follow the desire speed trajectory of reference model so as to guarantee satisfactory gear-shifting time. Motivation for application of PSO approach is to determine the optimum allocation ratio of friction torque in accordance with the requirements of minimum and equalization abrasion for each synchronizer during upshifting and downshifting on the ECER40 drive cycle. Computer simulations are conducted on the derived dynamic model of the CLAMT driveline system in order to verify the validity and performance of the proposed gear-shift control strategy. Parameter disturbances are added to the system to examine the robustness of the adopted MRAC scheme. To analyze the effect of friction work accumulated in each synchronizer due to difference distribution ratio of friction torque, some different cost functions and constraints applied on the PSO approach are also proceeded in the same drive cycle pattern for comparison. Simulation results have demonstrated that the developed gear-shift control strategy not only can make speed synchronization process smooth and rapid during the gear-shifting process, but make accumulated friction work of each synchronizer minimum and equal to improve the life of synchronizers.
48
Hicks, Glenn V. "An investigation of automatic generation control for an isolated power system /." 1997.
Find full text
49
Bathon, Tobias Siegfried. "Passively controlled variable-speed generator system." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33228.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents both an analysis and simulations of a passively controlled variable-speed generator system, which can be applied for renewable energy sources such as wind turbines. Parallel connected passive/external resistors and inductors are connected to the slip rings of a wound rotor induction machine to provide an acceptable speed operation range, while maintaining high efficiency of the generator system. Two generators, of 80 kW and 186 kW ratings, have been tested and compared to their simulations and good correlation has been obtained.
It is shown by both modelling and by laboratory tests that the steady-state power characteristic is well suited to the application and the efficiency compares well with similar rated machines in which either a fixed speed is required or power electronic converters provide the adjustable speed control. Thus, the tested systems are comparable in energy capture while being lower in costs and being both more robust and more reliable. In consequence, it is a more practical solution than power electronics for remote locations.
The dynamic results indicate that the generator is dynamically stable following three types of transient conditions: connections to the grid at non-synchronous speed; sudden decreases and increases in applied torque to simulate wind gusts; cyclic torque changes to demonstrate tower shadow effects. Unreasonable transients and undamped conditions have been neither predicted nor observed.
Finally, it is proposed that the external elements could be developed to be linked to the rotor circuit without slip rings enabling a complete passive and brushless system.Graduation date: 2000
50
Lin, Joel, and 林建雄. "The Research of Automatic Switch Control System between Kinetic and Electric Energy – The Application for Electric Power Vehicles." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14783147170281278336.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
電機工程學系碩士在職專班
93
This study transformed the kinetic energy in moving vehicle to electric power for battery charging, based on the concepts of Pure Electric Vehicle (PEV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). It aims to improve the obstructing factors in the development of electric vehicles, such as insufficient charging device and time-consuming charging, which limit the efficiency of electric vehicles and result in inconvenience, and in order to improve the functions of electric vehicles and increase the market share, in turn to decrease the environmental pollution caused by gasoline vehicles and consumption of petroleum resources. The experiment used 8052 single chip to control the dual battery set to detect the voltage conditions automatically, and electric system composed of switch-controlled circuit and generating set on moving vehicles to conduct auto-detection of battery voltage and control the electric discharge of the dual battery set and instant charging conditions. It used simple design electric vehicle for the system integration experiment. In idle test, the results of two cycles of charge and discharge showed that the single battery usage time increased from 120 minutes to over 500 minutes. The road test, the results of charge and discharge cycle showed that the single battery usage time increased from 50 minutes to over 200 minutes. The efficiency evaluation and consumption analysis were discussed in the paper.