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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric steam generator'
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1
Anshakov, A. S., E. K. Urbakh, S. I. Radko, A. E. Urbakh, and V. A. Faleev. "Electric-arc steam plasma generator." Thermophysics and Aeromechanics 22, no. 1 (January 2015): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0869864314010096.
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Chavan, Nilay, Sunit Anchan, and Saurabh Jadhav. "MTEG (Mylar and Turbine Electric Generator)." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 3, no. 5 (September 27, 2015): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.359.
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Mylar-Turbine Electric Generator (MTEG) that utilize solar energy to generate electricity. The resulting designs are cost efficient and can be used as an alternative for solar panel. The energy producing efficiency of MTEG is higher than conventional solar panel. The setup requires less area and is easily mobile. It consists of three main components Mylar parabolic reflector, steam turbine and electric generator. Mylar parabolic reflector is used to concentrate the solar rays on the water tank, the steam generated from this water is used to run the turbine which generates electricity. The idea behind this concept is to provide affordable electric generator to the people living in rural areas.MTEG is an eco-friendly idea and a leading innovation to the future.
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Egorov, Mikle, Ivan Kasatkin, Ivan Kovalenko, Irina Krectunova, Nataliya Lavrovskaya, and Nadezhda Litvinova. "Russian and foreign steam generators for NPP power units with wet steam turbines." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801007.
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The main aim of the current study is to analyze advantages and shortcomings of horizontal and vertical types of steam generator design. Design solutions and experience of operation of steam generators of horizontal type accepted in Russia and of vertical type applied by Westinghouse, Combustion Engineering, Siemens, Mitsubishi, Doosan were analyzed within the framework of the present study. It was established that steam generator equipment of horizontal type is characterized by disadvantages of design, technological and operational nature. Thus, horizontal steam generators with dimensions permissible for railroad transportation and, for VVER-1200 with reactor vessel diameter equal to 5 m, by water transport as well, have exhausted the possibilities for further significant increase of the per unit electric power. The demonstrated advantages of vertical-type steam generators are as follows: 1) absence of stagnant zones within the second cooling circuit; 2) uniformity of heat absorption efficiency of the heating surface that ensures improved conditions for moisture separation; 3) increased temperature drop with parameters of generated steam elevated by 0.3 – 0.4 MPa. Conclusion was made on the advisability of introduction of steam generators with vertical-type layout in the Russian nuclear power generation.
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Delson, J. K. "Thermal stress computation for steam-electric generator dispatch." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 9, no. 1 (1994): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.317550.
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Sultanov, M. M., and E. V. Kuryanova. "Research of the application of hydrogen as a fuel to improve energy and environmental performance of gas turbine plants." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-2-46-55.
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THE PURPOSE. To consider various variants of thermal schemes of power plants and to assess the main technical and economic parameters. The article presents the results of the development of schemes of electric power plants with a capacity of up to 100 kW with a steam-generating hydrogen-oxygen plant for modeling and selecting effective options for thermal schemes of microgeneration power plants at the stage of design and development of energy systems. METHODS. The analysis of the proposed variants of thermal schemes with a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator, including circuit solutions of micro-gas turbine installations with a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator, a scheme of a steam-gas installation with a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator and intermediate steam superheating, a scheme of a steam-turbine installation with a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator, a scheme of a steam-turbine installation with a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator and a single-stage intermediate steam superheating, is performed, the scheme of a steam turbine installation with a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator and an intermediate superheat of steam and a steam cooler. RESULTS. A variant of the thermal scheme is proposed, which will allow determining the approach to estimating the fuel component of the production cost of heat and electricity for domestic power plants. The article describes a chemical method for producing hydrogen under laboratory conditions in hydrogen generators based on the hydrolysis of a solid reagent-aluminum-in a reaction vessel, in which the contact of aluminum particles occurs in the liquid phase of an aqueous solution of caustic soda. A feature of the proposed method is the possibility of regulating the flow rates in the supply lines of an aqueous suspension of aluminum and an aqueous solution of caustic soda, which can significantly improve the quality of regulation and reduce the cost of operating such systems. To a large extent, the creation of such systems becomes possible if there is a demand for the generated electrical energy, which determines the need to ensure high values of technical and economic indicators of the operation of power plants. CONCLUSHION. Calculated estimates have shown that the specific consumption of conventional fuel for the production of electric energy by microgeneration systems based on gas turbine units with a hydrogen generator with a capacity of 5-100 kW ranges from 0.098 to 0.117 kg/kWh.
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Egorov, Mikhail Yu. "Vertical steam generators for VVER NPPs." Nuclear Energy and Technology 5, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.5.33980.
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Steam generators for NPPs are the important large-sized metal consuming equipment of nuclear power installations. Efficiency of steam generator operation determines the overall service life of the whole nuclear facility. The main aim of the current study is to analyze advantages and shortcomings of horizontal and vertical types of steam generator design. This analysis is aimed at the development of recommendations for designing advanced steam generators for future Russian units of NPPs with VVER reactors of increased power. Design solutions and fifty-year experience of operation of 400 steam generators of horizontal type accepted in Russia and of vertical type applied by Westinghouse, Combustion Engineering, Siemens, Mitsubishi, Doosan were analyzed within the framework of the present study. Advantages and drawbacks of both types of equipment determining the development of conditions of the operating processes were also identified and systematized. Currently NPPs equipped with VVER are characterized with extended surface area of containment shells due to the application of four-loop design configuration and horizontal-type steam generators. It was established that steam generator equipment of horizontal type is characterized by such inherent disadvantages of design, technological and operational nature as the following: 1) small height and volume of the vapor space above the evaporation surface reducing separation capabilities and the capacity of the equipment as a whole; 2) impossibility of organizing separate single-phase pre-boiling section. Because of the above, horizontal steam generators with dimensions permissible for railroad transportation and, for VVER-1200 with reactor vessel diameter equal to 5 m, by water transport as well, have exhausted the possibilities for further significant increase of the per unit electric power. The demonstrated advantages of vertical-type steam generators were as follows: 1) absence of stagnant zones within the second cooling circuit, and, consequently, of hold-ups in them; 2) uniformity of heat absorption efficiency of the heating surface ensuring, as well, improved conditions for moisture separation; 3) high degree of moisture removal from steam-water mixture due to the combination of moisture separating elements of chevron and swirl-vane types; 4) increased temperature drop with parameters of generated steam elevated by 0.3 – 0.4 MPa. Conclusion was made on the advisability of introduction of steam generators with vertical-type layout in the Russian nuclear power generation. Practical tasks that need to be addressed in order to ensure introduction of vertical steam generators at NPPs with high-power VVER reactors were formulated.
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Puzanov, O. "Employment of electric torch discharge and a steam-gas generator in surface schooping of materials." RADIOFIZIKA I ELEKTRONIKA 25, no. 4 (2020): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/rej2020.04.066.
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Subject and Purpose. The present paper is concerned with the method of surface schooping of materials using high-frequency torch discharge (HFTD) and glycerol vapor as a base for dissolving activating additives to the working gas. To approach the problem, a steam generator is employed in an effort to improve the HFTD catalytic performance in the activation of surfaces and deposition of coatings on them. The purpose is to develop a design technique of a steam generator intended for making a proper gas environment in the HFTD burning area. The discussed design techniques seek to enhance efficiency of the self-contained steam generator with allowance for its small size compared to the wavelength. Methods and Methodology. The analysis of the glycerol vapor behavior in the HFTD plasma depends on the knowledge of glycerol molecule ionization potential in the electron impact case. To find out about the measure to which the glycerol vapor affects the HFTD current, a known calcium ionization potential is used as a defined point. The heating elements as part of the steam generator are designed in terms of thermal design methodology adopted in the electroheating machine making. The calculation formulas of the running time ratios of the steam generator with various heating elements and energy efficiencies have been obtained in terms of galvanic cell theory. Results. It has been shown that glycerol vapor itself cannot affect the HFTD current. For the HFTD excitation, the microwave region has been chosen. In cooperation with activating additives to the discharge plasma, this factor also adds to the HFTD current increase. Hence, the HFTD catalytic performance depends not only on the HFTD energy and its excitation field frequency but on the glycerol-dissolved additives as well. A special design has been developed for the heating element as part of a small-size steam generator. Reference tables have been composed, enabling one to pick up a prpoper diameter and number of parallel connected wires in the spiral coil. Conclusion. A good use of glycerol vapor as a base for vaporous fluxes and activating additives to the HFTD working gas has been shown. The developed design technique concerning the heating element of the steam generator optimizes its heating circuit. Specifically, it enhances the steam generation and reduces the power consumption of the steam generator running on the galvanic cell. Second, it makes it possible to use stainless-steel spiral heating coils in regime of automatic temperature control.
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Langston, Lee S. "The Elephant in the Room–Gas Turbine Power." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-dec-8.
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This article presents an overview of gas turbine combined cycle (CCGT) power plants. Modern CCGT power plants are producing electric power as high as half a gigawatt with thermal efficiencies approaching the 60% mark. In a CCGT power plant, the gas turbine is the key player, driving an electrical generator. Heat from the hot gas turbine exhaust is recovered in a heat recovery steam generator, to generate steam, which drives a steam turbine to generate more electrical power. Thus, it is a combined power plant burning one unit of fuel to supply two sources of electrical power. Most of these CCGT plants burn natural gas, which has the lowest carbon content of any other hydrocarbon fuel. Their near 60% thermal efficiencies lower fuel costs by almost half compared to other gas-fired power plants. Their installed capital cost is the lowest in the electric power industry. Moreover, environmental permits, necessary for new plant construction, are much easier to obtain for CCGT power plants.
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Allman, W. A., D. C. Smith, and C. R. Kakarala. "The Design and Testing of a Molten Salt Steam Generator for Solar Application." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 110, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268235.
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This paper describes the design and testing of the Steam Generator Subsystem (SGS) for the Molten Salt Electric Experiment at Sandia Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Molten Salt Electric Experiment (MSEE) has been established at the Department of Energy’s five megawatt thermal Solar Central Receiver Test Facility, to demonstrate the feasibility of the molten salt central receiver concept. The experiment is capable of generating 0.75 megawatts of electric power from solar energy, with the capability of storing seven megawatt-hours of thermal energy. The steam generator subsystem transfers sensible heat from the solar-heated molten nitrate salt to produce steam to drive a conventional turbine. This paper discusses the design requirements dictated by the steam generator application and also reviews the process conditions. Details of each of the SGS components are given, featuring the aspects of the design and performance unique to the solar application. The paper concludes with a summary of the test results confirming the overall design of the subsystem.
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Łebkowski, Andrzej. "Steam and Oxyhydrogen Addition Influence on Energy Usage by Range Extender—Battery Electric Vehicles." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 11, 2018): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092403.
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The objective of this paper is to illustrate the benefits of the influence of the steam and oxyhydrogen gas (HHO) on the composition of emitted exhaust gases and energy usage of operating the internal combustion engine (ICE) that drives a generator-powered battery electric vehicle (BEV). The employed internal combustion generating sets can be used as trailer mounted electric energy sources allowing one to increase the range of BEV vehicles, mainly during long distance travel between cities. The basic configurations of hybrid and electric propulsion systems used in a given Electric Vehicles (xEV) includes all types of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (xHEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles (xBEV), which are discussed. Using the data collected during traction tests in real road traffic (an electric car with a trailer range extender (RE) fitted with ICE generators (5 kW petrol, 6.5 kW diesel), a mathematical model was developed in the Modelica package. The elaborated mathematical model takes into account the dynamic loads acting on the set of vehicles in motion and the electric drive system assisted by the work of RE. Conducted tests with steam and HHO additives for ICE have shown reduced (5–10%) fuel consumption and emissions (3–19%) of harmful gases into the atmosphere.
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Dong, Li Yu, Zhi Wei Zhou, and Yang Ping Zhou. "Mathematical Model and Dynamic Characteristics of Spiral-Style Super-Critical Steam Generator Used HTGR." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1678–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1678.
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Modular HTGR nuclear power plant because of inherent safety and high thermal efficiency shows good prospects for development. The current high-temperature reactor demonstration power plant (HTR-PM) using two thermal power of 250MW of modular HTGR with an electric power 211MWe turbine unit. As one development goals of multi-reactor with one turbine unit, millions of kilowatt nuclear power plant will use more reactor module and steam generator module more like demonstration power plant (HTR-PM) with 1000MWe supercritical turbine generator unit. spiral-style super-critical steam generator design, modeling is a key factor. Analyzing the structure and the characteristic of moderate spiral coil steam generator which is used in Modular HTGR demonstration power plant, from the mechanism of equipments, based on the law of quality conservation, energy conservation, momentum conservation, authors build up the full scope real time simulation mathematical model of super critical steam generator. The dynamic experiments of feed water disturbance, power disturbance, Helium flux disturbance are made on the basis of the model. The experiments show that the model of super critical steam generator has excellent dynamic characteristics.
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Cho, Chan Hee, Min Woo Nam, Dong Hyun Jee, Jee Hong Jung, and Hee Jong Lee. "Implementation of Performance Demonstration Programs for Steam Generator Tubing Analysts." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1750.
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The Korea Electric Power Research Institute (KEPRI) has developed performance demonstration programs for non-destructive testing personnel who analyze ECT (eddy current testing) data for steam generator tubing since 2001. The purpose of these performance demonstration programs is to ensure a uniform knowledge and skill level of data analysts and contribute to safe operation of nuclear power plants. Many changes have occurred in non-destructive testing of steam generator tubing such as inspection scope, plugging criteria and qualification requirements in Korea. According to the Notice 2004-13 revised by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), the analyst for steam generator tubing shall be qualified as the qualified data analyst (QDA), and the site specific performance demonstration (SSPD) program shall be implemented. KEPRI developed these performance demonstration programs and they are being successfully implemented. The analyst's performance is expected to be improved by the implementation of these programs.
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Zabora, Igor. "Combined electromachine generators for energy-efficient mini-power plants." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 03038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825103038.
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The design, principle of operation and features of new combined electric machine – generator-transformer unit (GTU) are considered. The units are designed for generating units of mini thermal power plants with extreme parameters of moving media (steam-gas, gas-liquid, etc.) at high pressure and temperature. The possibility of reliable and efficient conversion of electric power by means of electric machines directly in sealed objects with extreme environmental conditions with help of new GTU is shown.
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Filinov, Evgeny, Andrey Tkachenko, Hewa Hussein Omar, and Viktor Rybakov. "Increase the Efficiency of a Gas Turbine Unit for Gas Turbine Locomotives by Means of Steam Injection into the Flow Section." MATEC Web of Conferences 220 (2018): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822003010.
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In the modern world of railways, electrification is given great importance. Currently, more than 50% of all freight traffic carried out by electric traction. However, today, about half of the railways are not electrified, so it is necessary to use thermal engines to drive the locomotive. One of the possible variant is use gas turbine unit. The power of the gas turbine unit is given to the electric generator, and the electric motors drive the locomotive. In the present paper, as a power plant of a gas turbine locomotive, considered gas turbine unit with a twin -shaft gas generator of two schemes: 1- with steam supply to the inlet of the high-pressure turbine (into the combustion chamber) and 2- with steam supply to inlet of the free turbine. By CAE system of ASTRA, Collaboration operation lines calculated for different variants of steam injection. When the steam injected into the inlet of a free turbine and a high-pressure turbine. in the case of steam supply to the input of the free turbine and the high-pressure turbine there is a significant shift in Collaboration operation lines, which can lead to a decrease in the gas-dynamical stability of the compressors, and efficiency. To maintain the position of Collaboration operation lines, was applied the correction of the throughput capacity of free turbine nozzle vanes (by 15%). In the case of steam supply to the inlet of a free turbine, to ensure gas-dynamic stability of the compressors, a change in the throughput capacity of its nozzle vanes is required.
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Gonzalez Gonzalez, Adrian, Jose Valeriano Alvarez Cabal, Miguel Angel Vigil Berrocal, Rogelio Peón Menéndez, and Adrian Riesgo Fernández. "Simulation of a CSP Solar Steam Generator, Using Machine Learning." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 3613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123613.
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Developing an accurate concentrated solar power (CSP) performance model requires significant effort and time. The power block (PB) is the most complex system, and its modeling is clearly the most complicated and time-demanding part. Nonetheless, PB layouts are quite similar throughout CSP plants, meaning that there are enough historical process data available from commercial plants to use machine learning techniques. These algorithms allowed the development of a very accurate black-box PB model in a very short amount of time. This PB model could be easily integrated as a block into the PM. The machine learning technique selected was SVR (support vector regression). The PB model was trained using a complete year of data from a commercial CSP plant situated in southern Spain. With a very limited set of inputs, the PB model results were very accurate, according to their validation against a new complete year of data. The model not only fit well on an aggregate basis, but also in the transients between operation modes. To validate applicability, the same model methodology is used with a data from a very different CSP Plant, located in the MENA region and with more than double nominal electric power, obtaining an excellent fitting in the validation.
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Ahmed, Awais, Khaled Khodary Esmaeil, Mohammad A. Irfan, and Fahad A. Al-Mufadi. "Design methodology of heat recovery steam generator in electric utility for waste heat recovery." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 13, no. 4 (September 12, 2018): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cty045.
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Barbosa dos Santos, Paulo Sérgio, Ricardo Alan Verdú Ramos, Marcelo Caldato Fiomari, Emanuel Rocha Woiski, and Thaisa Calvo Fugineri Moreti. "Performance analysis of a condensation-extraction steam turbine operating in a sugar-alcohol factory cogeneration system." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss8.1675.
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In this work a thermodynamic analysis for a condensation-extraction steam turbine capable of driving a 40 MVA electric generator in a sugar-alcohol factory was carried out. Sensibility analyses were performed to evaluate the behavior of the overall energy efficiency of a plant with the condensation-extraction steam turbine in function of the boiler efficiency, the specific consumption of steam in the processes as well as the condensation rate in the turbine. The analysis results have shown that this turbine in the cogeneration system contribute to increasing the power generation, although the condensation reduces the overall efficiency of the plant. It has also been observed that the plant efficiency is very sensitive to the condensation rate variation and increases with the demand for steam in the processes.
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LEE, HEE JONG, MIN WOO NAM, CHAN HEE CHO, and DONG HYUN JEE. "OPTIMIZED DESIGN PARAMETERS OF EDDY CURRENT BOBBIN PROBE FOR STEAM GENERATOR TUBE IN NPPS." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 11 (May 10, 2008): 1057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908015838.
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The bobbin probe is now widely accepted as a basic and important ECT technique among various ECT techniques for steam generator tube integrity assessment that is practiced during each plant outage. The bobbin probe is also one of the essential components which consist of the whole ECT examination system, and provides us with decisive data for the evaluation of tube integrity in accordance with acceptance criteria described in specific procedures. Accordingly, the design of ECT probe is especially important to examination results because the quality of acquired ECT data is determined by the optimized probe design characteristics, such as coil geometry, electrical properties, operation frequency, and so on. In this study, the relationship between electric characteristic changes and differential coil gap variation for the optimization of the ECT probe signal was investigated. As a result, for the examination of volumetric flaws fabricated on the O.D. side of ASME type calibration standard, we propose that the best Lissajous signal for the examination will be obtained when the coil gap of differential bobbin probe is approximately 1.2 ~ 1.6 mm .
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Sornek, Krzysztof, Wojciech Goryl, and Mariusz Filipowicz. "Experimental tests of the prototypical micro-cogeneration system with a 100 kW biomass-fired boiler." E3S Web of Conferences 70 (2018): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187003014.
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Renewable energy based micro cogeneration systems are an interesting option for domestic, agricultural and commercial sectors. In this paper, a dedicated system with a 100 kWth biomass-fired boiler was proposed. Developed system works according to modified Rankine Cycle operation. Steam generated in two shell and tube heat exchangers is used to power steam engine (connected with power generator) and then flows via condenser to degasifier. During the presented tests, the selected parameters of the boiler, oil circuit and steam/condensate circuit were analyzed. As was shown, the maximum thermal power taken from the oil circuit to evaporate condensate and superheat steam was ~105 kWth (it was ~91% of thermal power generated in the boiler). The value steam pressure varied from 2 to 5 bars during operation of the steam engine. Steam mass flow was then equal to ~105 kg/h, what allowed to generate electric power at a level of ~1.05 kWel. Such a low value resulted e.g. from limitations in the oil temperature, limitations in the steam temperature, steam pressure and steam flow, limitations caused by power generator’s construction, as well as other construction and operating parameters.
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Lu, Zhi Cheng. "Application and Development on Electric Power Facilities with Vibration Isolator to Control and Minimize the Mechanical Vibration." Advanced Materials Research 644 (January 2013): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.644.247.
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The principle and type and design essential and application fields of vibration isolator are put forward. At the same time, the application in Great-steam Generator sets and electric power facilities of transformer with vibration isolating device is prospective.
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Burnham, J. B., M. H. Giuliani, and D. J. Moeller. "Development, Installation, and Operating Results of a Steam Injection System (STIG™) in a General Electric LM5000 Gas Generator." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 109, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240033.
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This paper describes the first full-scale field test of a steam injection system for a natural-gas-fired G.E. LM5000 gas generator for the purpose of: (a) decreased exhaust emissions, (b) increased power output, and (c) improved efficiency. It discusses the steam supply system, engine features, test results, and plant economics for steam injection into the combustor and compressor discharge sections of the LM5000 at rates up to 65,000 lb/hr (29,510 kg/hr).
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Aminov, R. Z., and A. N. Egorov. "HYDROGEN-OXYGEN STEAM GENERATOR FOR A CLOSED HYDROGEN COMBUSTION CYCLE." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 13-15 (August 11, 2018): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.13-15.068-079.
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The paper analyzes the problems of combustion hydrogen in an oxygen medium for produce high-temperature steam that can be used to produce electricity at various power plants. For example, at the nuclear power plants, the use of a H2-O2 steam generator as part of a hydrogen energy complex makes it possible to increase its power and efficiency in the operational mode due to steam-hydrogen overheating of the main working fluid of a steam-turbine plant. In addition, the use of the hydrogen energy complex makes it possible to adapt the nuclear power plants to variable electric load schedules in conditions of increasing the share of nuclear power plants and to develop environmentally friendly technologies for the production of electricity. The paper considers a new solution of the problem of effective and safe use of hydrogen energy at NPPs with a hydrogen energy complex.Technical solutions for the combustion of hydrogen in the oxygen medium using direct injection of cooling water or steam in the combustion products have a significant drawback – the effect of “quenching” when injecting water or water vapor which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of recombination during cooling of combustion products that is expressed in an increase fraction of non-condensable gases. In this case, the supply of such a mixture to the steam cycle is unsafe, because this can lead to a dangerous increase in the concentration of unburned hydrogen in the flowing part of the steam turbine plant. In order to solve this problem, the authors have proposed a closed hydrogen cycle and a hydrogen vapor overheating system based on it, and carried out a study of a closed hydrogen combustion system which completely eliminates hydrogen from entering the working fluid of the steam cycle and ensures its complete oxidation due to some excess of circulating oxygen.The paper considers two types of hydrogen-oxygen combustion chambers for the system of safe generating of superheated steam using hydrogen in nuclear power plant cycle by using a closed system for burning hydrogen in an oxygen medium. As a result of mathematical modeling of combustion processes and heat and mass transfer, we have determined the required parameters of a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator taking into account the temperature regime of its operation, and a power range of hydrogen-oxygen steam generators with the proposed combustion chamber design.
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Fauyan, Muchamad. "The Shifting of Religiosity in the Area Affected by Steam Powered Electric Generator Batang Project." Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 27, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 149–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ws.27.1.3806.
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This study aims to reveal religious attitude shifting of Ujungnegoro society as a village affected by the building of PLTU and its resolution. The method used was descriptive with study case technique. The data were collected through interviews, Focus Group Discussion, observation, and documentation. The qualitative analysis used Miles and Huberman Model. The shifting of religiosity of Ujungnegoro society was observed from 5 dimensions: Aqidah (creed), knowledge, ritual, religious practice, and appreciation. In the aspect of Aqidah, there is no change as new viewpoint appears. Knowledge dimension seemed increasing while others tended to decrease in quality. Spirituality and inner attitude of the society experienced inconvenience vis a vis modern lifestyle which is individualistic and materialistic. The shifting was influenced by the level of religious appreciation, family finance, and community environment factor applying consumptive and hedonistic culture. Negative effect of the building of PLTU on religious attitude was tackled by government figures, society, and religion through recitations and intense religious activities. However, those were not successful on increasing the societies spirituality, making simultaneous, systematic, systemic, and synergic da’wah with education technology approach through society’s literate improvement is needed which in turns is hoped to be followed by the bloom of inner spirituality.
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Kalina, Jacek. "Fossil fuel savings, carbon emission reduction and economic attractiveness of medium-scale integrated biomass gasification combined cycle cogeneration plants." Thermal Science 16, no. 3 (2012): 827–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120126124k.
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The paper theoretically investigates the system made up of fluidized bed gasifier, SGT-100 gas turbine and bottoming steam cycle. Different configurations of the combined cycle plant are examined. A comparison is made between systems with producer gas (PG) and natural gas (NG) fired turbine. Supplementary firing of the PG in a heat recovery steam generator is also taken into account. The performance of the gas turbine is investigated using in-house built Engineering Equation Solver model. Steam cycle is modeled using GateCycleTM simulation software. The results are compared in terms of electric energy generation efficiency, CO2 emission and fossil fuel energy savings. Finally there is performed an economic analysis of a sample project. The results show relatively good performance in the both alternative configurations at different rates of supplementary firing. Furthermore, positive values of economic indices were obtained.
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Jevtic, Milenko, Ljiljana Radovanovic, and Zivoslav Adamovic. "Numerical and experimental aspects of thermally induced vibration in real rotors." Thermal Science 15, no. 2 (2011): 545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci110314039j.
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Temperature fields in electric energy generators may lead to mechanical dissbalance of an already balanced rotor. The author collected information in a number of steam power plants and confirmed the existence of the problem. This paper is presents the specific case of thermal deformation of the rotor, caused by an asymmetrical temperature field in scale of rotor. On the grounds of the relevant physical aspects, we propose a mathematical model identifying fields in a turbo generator rotor and suggest the optimum control by which the unwanted effects are eliminated.
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A. AbdulKareem, Mishaal. "Experimental Investigation and Mathematical Modelling of Pressure Response for Steam Generator." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.19 (November 27, 2018): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.19.28077.
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Cold startup of boiler is the process of boiler operation with water at ambient temperature and pressure with all intake and discharge valves are fully closed to permit fast development of pressure. A mathematical model is developed to estimate the pressure response during cold startup of a perfectly insulated steam generator unit. A commercial type pressure switch is used in this unit to control and maintain the desired set point of the steam operating pressure. This mathematical model assume that the thermal properties of the supplied liquid water are temperature dependent. It is based on a novel Pressure Marching Technique that is coded using a FORTRAN language computer program. The maximum percentage error of (8.24 %) was obtained when comparing the predicted results of the mathematical model with the measured values obtained from the experimental test that was done using a (2 kW) electric steam generator unit with a volume of (30 litter) and maximum operating pressure of (8 bar). In addition, the same behavior of the predicted results was obtained when compared with results of a previously published article. It was found that the time constant of the pressure control system is directly proportional with its operating pressure set point and with the volume of the steam generator and its void fraction. A (50%) increase in the pressure set point will increase the time constant by (66.16%). Increasing the boiler volume by (166.667%) will increase the time constant by (166.677%) and increasing the boiler void fraction by (150%) will increase the time constant by (23.634%). The time constant is inversely proportional with the heating power of the steam generator. A (100%) increase in the heating power will decrease the time constant by (50%). The time constant is independent of the initial water temperature. Also, it was found that the time delay to start water evaporation is directly proportional with the volume of the steam generator. A (166.667%) increase in boiler volume will increase the time delay by (166.65%). The time delay is inversely proportional with the initial water temperature and with the heating power and void fraction of the steam generator. A (38.889%) increase in the initial water temperature will decrease the time delay by (8.882%). Increasing the heating power by (100%) will decrease the time delay by (50%) and increasing the boiler void fraction by (150%) will decrease the time delay by (16.665%). The time delay is independent on the operating pressure set point.
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Ayeleso, Ayokunle Oluwaseun, and Atanda Kamoru Raji. "An Enhanced Solar Hybrid Brayton and Rankine Cycles with Integrated Magnetohydrodynamic Conversion System for Electrical Power Generation." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 4 (May 8, 2021): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.34927.
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In many developing countries,the use of conventional power plants to generate electricity is not meeting the increasing demands. Therefore, it has become important to find sustainable alternatives. In the present study, a solar hybrid combined cycle power plant consisting of a solar thermal plant, large-scale gas and steam turbines, and a magnetohydrodynamic generator has been investigated under oxy-fuel combustion. The performance analysis of this system under fuel pressure rate varying from 10 to 25 bar was conducted using Cycle Tempo software. The analysis of the gas and steam combined cycle shows that the net powers and the net efficiencies obtained ranged from 98 MWe to 134 MWe and 30.5% to 40%, respectively. In addition, the integration of the magnetohydrodynamic generator to the combined cycle led to an increase in the overall power from 169 MWe to 205 MWe. Moreover, it is seen that the fuel mass rate (2.81 kg/s) obtained in the gas turbine system under oxy-fuel combustion is significantly reduced when compared to conventional systems. The incorporation of solar energy and oxy-fuel combustion in the gas turbine system has increased the combustor inlet and outlet temperature and reduced the fuel consumption. From these observations, the solar hybrid system proposed in this study does not only generates electric power but also reduce the turbine exhaust fumes and CO2 emissions, which is a key factor in minimizing environment pollution.
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Sudadiyo, Sri, and Jupiter Sitorus Pane. "DESAIN AWAL TURBIN UAP TIPE AKSIAL UNTUK KONSEP RGTT30 BERPENDINGIN HELIUM." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2016.18.2.2319.
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ABSTRAK DESAIN AWAL TURBIN UAP TIPE AKSIAL UNTUK KONSEP RGTT30 BERPENDINGIN HELIUM. Konsep reaktor daya nuklir yang dikembangkan merupakan jenis reaktor berpendingin gas dengan temperatur tinggi (RGTT). Gas yang digunakan untuk mendinginkan teras RGTT adalah helium. Konsep RGTT ini dapat menghasilkan daya termal 30 MWth sehingga dinamakan RGTT30. Temperatur helium mampu mencapai 700 °C ketika keluar dari teras RGTT30 dan digunakan untuk memanaskan air di dalam steam generator hingga mencapai temperatur 435 °C. Steam generator dihubungkan dengan turbin uap yang dikopel dengan generator listrik untuk membangkitkan daya 7,27 MWe. Uap yang keluar dari turbin dilewatkan kondensor untuk mencairkan uap menjadi air. Rangkaian komponen dari steam generator, turbin, dan kondensor dinamakan sistem turbin uap. Turbin terdiri dari sudu-sudu yang dimaksudkan untuk mengubah tenaga uap kedalam tenaga mekanis berupa putaran. Efisiensi turbin merupakan parameter yang harus diperhatikan dalam sistem turbin uap ini. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk mengusulkan sudu tipe aksial dan untuk menganalisa perbaikan efisiensi turbin. Metode yang digunakan yaitu aplikasi prinsip termodinamika yang berhubungan dengan konservasi energi dan massa. Perangkat lunak Cycle-Tempo dipakai untuk mendapatkan parameter termodinamika dan untuk mensimulasikan sistem turbin uap berbasis RGTT30. Pertama, dibuat skenario dalam simulasi sistem turbin uap untuk mengetahui efisiensi dan laju aliran massa uap yang diperoleh nilai optimal 87,52 % dan 8,759 kg/s pada putaran 3000 rpm. Kemudian, turbin uap diberi sudu tipe aksial dengan diameter tip 1580 mm dan panjang 150 mm. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah nilai efisiensi turbin uap naik menjadi 88,3 % pada putaran konstan (3000 rpm). Penambahan nilai efisiensi turbin sebesar 0,78 % menunjukkan peningkatan kinerja RGTT30 secara keseluruhan. Kata kunci: Tipe aksial, turbin uap, RGTT30 ABSTRACT PRELIMINARY DESIGN ON STEAM TURBINE OF AXIAL TYPE FOR HELIUM-COOLED RGTT30 CONCEPT. The concept of a nuclear power reactor, which evolves, is high temperature gas-cooled reactor type (HTGR). Gas that is used to cool the HTGR core, is helium. The HTGR concept used in this study can yield thermal power of 30 MWth so that named RGTT30. Helium temperature can reach 700 °C when come out from the RGTT30 core and it is used for heating the water within steam generator to achieve the temperature of 435 °C. The steam generator is connected to a steam turbine, which is coupled with an electricity generator, for generating electric power of 7.27 MWe. The steam that comes out from the turbine is flowed through condenser for changing the steam into water. The component train of steam generator, turbine, and condenser was given the name of steam turbine system. The turbine consists of blades that are intended to transform the steam power into mechanical power in the form of rotational speed. Turbine efficiency is a parameter that must be considered in this steam turbine system. The aims of this paper are to propose blade of axial type and to analyze the efficiency improvement of the turbine. The method used is the application of the thermodynamic principles associated with conservations of energy and mass. Cycle-Tempo software is used to obtain thermodynamic parameters and to simulate the steam turbine system based on RGTT30. Firstly, a scenario is created to model and simulate the steam turbine system for determining the efficiency and the mass flow rate of steam. The optimal values for the efficiency and the mass flow rates at the speed of 3000 rpm are 87.52 % and 8.759 kg/s, respectively. Then, the steam turbine was given the blade of axial type with a tip diameter of 1580 mm and a length of 150 mm. The results obtained are turbine efficiency increasing to 88.3% on constant speed (3000 rpm). Enhancement in the turbine efficiency value of 0.78% showed raising the overall performance of RGTT30. Keywords: Axial type, steam turbine, RGTT30
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Crawford, Mark C., and Thomas Romer. "Increasing Efficiency." Mechanical Engineering 139, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2017-dec-5.
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This article discusses the technology used at the John W. Turk Jr. Power Plant in Fulton, Ark., to tackle the challenges of raising the pressure and temperature of the steam to new heights. The Turk plant is the first in the United States where the final steam conditions exceed both the critical pressure and a temperature of 1,100°F. Operating as an ultrasupercritical boiler, the Turk plant has the highest net plant efficiency of any solid fuel power plant in the United States. In this plant, Southwestern Electric Power Company tapped Babcock & Wilcox to design, supply, and erect the 600-MW advanced supercritical steam generator. To best optimize efficiency, the design team selected a single reheat cycle with elevated steam pressure and temperature. Babcock & Wilcox engineers also employed computational fluid dynamics modeling to place burners and overfire air ports to make the best use of low-sulfur coal.
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Nofvowan, Anang Dasa, Mochammad Mieftah, and Wijaya Kusuma. "Analisis Stabilitas Transien Tegangan dan Frekuensi pada Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap." ELPOSYS: Jurnal Sistem Kelistrikan 8, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/elposys.v8i1.31.
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Electrical energy generated also comes from several energy, namely water, steam, nuclear, etc. In Indonesia the type of steam power plant is a type of power plant that is widely used, where one of the crucial problems that are often encountered in this generation system, namely the problem of stability. The stability of the electric power system is the ability of the system to return to normal or steady operation after a large load load switching or interference. Disruption or load switching that exist in the system must be muted and aligned in a certain time to be said to be stable. Causes of instability are disruptions in the form of large capacity load switching, and the type of interference. One aspect that affects the stability itself is the transient stability. The transient stability is related to the sudden influx of large-capacity loads and affect the performance of the generator, therefore it is necessary to analyze the voltage and frequency transient stability for the evaluation of the capability of the electrical system so that the system maintains the continuity of the supply of electrical energy to the load normally. Based on the research results, the current flowing before the disturbance of 98.9 A and current disturbance of 145.2 kA. This causes the voltage response to decrease 50% of the nominal, and the frequency increases to 50.36 Hz. The time required from the disturbance condition to a stable condition within 5 seconds. Thus, the voltage response does not meet the standards and the frequency is still within the standard according to the 2007 EMR Energy Regime during an emergency. So to keep the transient stability of voltage and frequency can be adjusted voltage with AVR, setting speed droop governoring and release and connection of load.
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Siswanto, Jatmiko Edi. "Analisa Pengaruh Perubahan Beban Output Turbin Terhadap Efisiensi Boiler." Journal of Electrical Power Control and Automation (JEPCA) 3, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jepca.v3i2.39.
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In palm oil processing companies to become oil, the boiling process is carried out to make it easier for the loose fruit to come from the bunches, to stop the development of free fatty acids and will cause the tbs to soften so the oil extraction process becomes easier. The boiling process requires steam from steam. Steam is obtained by heating a vessel filled with water with fuel. Generally, boilers use liquid, gas and solid fuels. Steam functions as a boiling and electric generator, the company uses a boiler as a steam producer to support the production process. A boiler or steam boiler is a closed vessel used to produce steam through an energy conversion process. To find out the boiler efficiency, a calculation is carried out by taking the parameters needed for boiler operation, from the analysis the highest boiler efficiency results are 83.56% and the lowest is 75.25%, where the heating value with 13% fuel at 1000 Kw load is 83, 56%. And the calorific value with 10% fuel at a load of 750 Kw is smaller with a value of 75.25%.
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Artyomovich, Mukolyants Arsen, Buranov Mardon Davronovich, Sotnikova Irina Vladimirovna, and Аzimova Munira Muminovna. "Analysis of the influence of the input parameters on the efficiency of the operation of the detander generator unit in the gas network system of the republic of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601130.
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The article is devoted to the generally recognized dilemma of using secondary energy resources in the transportation and distribution of natural gas. At stations where throttle devices are used, excessive gas pressure as the main component of secondary energy resources for technological processes is practically not used. Currently, the replacement of throttle devices with turbo-expander units is determined by energy and economic efficiency. This is due to the fact that the use of excess gas pressure in the turbo expander both at gas distribution stations and at compressor stations of gas pipelines without preheating has not yet been widely used. Expander-generator technology is probably one of the most effective technologies for reducing the consumption of fuel and energy resources. The combination of expander-generator units with heat pump units contributes to the creation of highly efficient power generating complexes that can generate electricity without burning fuel. Expansion of high-pressure natural gas at gas distribution stations is one of the technologies for generating electricity without combustion. To determine the share of electric energy supplied to the electric network based on the expander-generator set in the gas supply system, an analytical dependence was determined. Based on this, an arithmetic model of the installation with single-stage expander-generator units and steam-compression heat pump units is proposed. All data will be presented in detail in this article.
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Garimella, S., and V. S. Garimella. "Commercial Boiler Waste-Heat Utilization for Air Conditioning in Developing Countries." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 121, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795983.
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This study investigates the utilization of waste heat from commercial process steam boilers for air conditioning using absorption cooling systems. An ammonia-water generator absorber heat exchange system was developed and modeled to use waste heat from the boiler flue gases and deliver chilled water. Based on approximately 1000 process steam boilers at an average throughput of 2000 kg/h in one metropolitan area in India, the study estimates that installation of these systems could result in annual operating cost savings of $10,200,000 in this region alone. These 1000 systems would also reduce the installed electric capacity needs by 16 MW. Annual coal consumption would decrease by 87,000 tonnes, while ash production would decrease by 39,000 tonnes. Carbon-based emissions are estimated to decrease by 176,000 tonnes. Therefore, installation of these systems on a countrywide basis and also in other developing countries with high year-round cooling loads and coal-based power generation would significantly alleviate installed power capacity shortages, conserve energy resources, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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Martinez-Frias, Joel, Salvador M. Aceves, J. Ray Smith, and Harry Brandt. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Zero-Atmospheric Emissions Power Plant." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1635399.
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This paper presents a theoretical thermodynamic analysis of a zero-atmospheric emissions power plant. In this power plant, methane is combusted with oxygen in a gas generator to produce the working fluid for the turbines. The combustion produces a gas mixture composed of steam and carbon dioxide. These gases drive multiple turbines to produce electricity. The turbine discharge gases pass to a condenser where water is captured. A stream of pure carbon dioxide then results that can be used for enhanced oil recovery or for sequestration. The analysis considers a complete power plant layout, including an air separation unit, compressors and intercoolers for oxygen and methane compression, a gas generator, three steam turbines, a reheater, two preheaters, a condenser, and a pumping system to pump the carbon dioxide to the pressure required for sequestration. This analysis is based on a 400 MW electric power generating plant that uses turbines that are currently under development by a U.S. turbine manufacturer. The high-pressure turbine operates at a temperature of 1089 K (1500°F) with uncooled blades, the intermediate-pressure turbine operates at 1478 K (2200°F) with cooled blades and the low-pressure turbine operates at 998 K (1336°F). The power plant has a net thermal efficiency of 46.5%. This efficiency is based on the lower heating value of methane, and includes the energy necessary for air separation and for carbon dioxide separation and sequestration.
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Aziz, Amiral. "Analisa Eksergi PLTU Berbahan Bakar Sampah Padat Kota Kapasitas 600 Ton per Hari." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 20, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v20i2.2755.
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ABSTRACTExergy analysis was conducted in evaluating the performance of Muncipal Solid Waste Fired Steam Power Plant (PLTSa) to determine the locations and quantities of exergy losses. Wastes and exergy destructions in different processes of the plant were also been calculated. Total exergy available at incinerator input was 60.560,54 kW, consisted of 58.242,45 kW in MSW and 2.318,08 kW in the combustion air. The burning of 600 ton per day MSW in the PLTSa produced 8.482,83 kW Net Electric Power, accounted for 14,01 % of the overall exergy efficiency of the power plant. The plant produced electrical energy 59.447.673 kWh/year and reduced 240.900 ton MSW/year, thus contributing to CO2 emission reduction. Exergy efficiency of the turbine generator and condenser were 86,21 % and 78,48 % respectively. PLTSa component with the largest exergy destructions was incinerator-boiler (56,53 %), far exceeded the turbine generator (8,69 %), and condenser (3,79 %).Keywords: Exergy, Exergy Destruction, Steam Power Plant, Muncipal Solid Waste (MSW), Exergy Efficiency.ABSTRAKPentingnya analisa eksergi dalam mengevaluasi kinerja PLTSa telah terbukti. Analisa eksergi PLTSa telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui lokasi dan jumlah kerugian eksergi. Limbah dan destruksi eksergi dalam proses yang berbeda telah diindikasikan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa total eksergi yang tersedia pada input Incenerator adalah 60560,54 kW. Nilai ini terdiri dari 58242,45 kW yang terkandung dalam MSW dan 2318,08 kW dalam udara pembakaran. Pembakaran 600 ton per hari MSW pada sistem PLTSa menghasilkan 8482,83 kW daya listrik bersih dan 14,01 % efisiensi eksergi keseluruhan pembangkit. Pembangkit menghaslkan energi listrik sebesar 59447673 kWh/tahun dan mengurangi timbunan sampah sebanyak 240900 ton MSW/tahun, sehingga berkontribusi dalam mengurangi emisi CO2. Efisiensi eksergi dari sistem turbin generator dan sistem kondensor masing-masing adalah 86,21 % dan 78,48 %. Komponen PLTSa dimana terjadi destruksi eksergi yang terbesar berturut-turut adalah pada sistem Insinerator-boiler sebesar 56,53 % , sistem turbine - generator 8,69% dan sistem kondensor 3,79%.Kata kuncis: Eksergi, Destruksi Eksergi, PLTUSa, Sampah Padat Kota (MSW), Efisiensi Eksergi
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Jiang, Di, Zhe Dong, Miao Liu, and Xiaojin Huang. "Dynamic Matrix Control for the Thermal Power of MHTGR-Based Nuclear Steam Supply System." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 4, 2018): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102651.
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The modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor (MHTGR) based nuclear steam supplying system (NSSS) is constituted by an MHTGR, a once-through steam generator (OTSG) and can generate superheated steam for industrial heat or electric power generation. The wide range closed-loop stability is achieved by the recently proposed coordinated control law, in which the neutron flux and the temperatures of both main steam and primary coolant are chosen as controlled variables, and the flowrates of both primary and secondary loop and the control rod speed are chosen as manipulated variables. However, the thermal power is only controlled in open loop manner and hence could be further optimized through feedback. Motivated by this, a dynamic matrix control (DMC) is proposed for optimizing the thermal power of MHTGR based NSSS. A simple step-response model with the thermal power response data is utilized in designing the DMC. The design objective of DMC is to optimize the deviation of the thermal power from its reference under its rate constraint. Then, by the virtue of strong stability of existing control law and optimization ability of DMC, a cascade control structure is implemented for the thermal power optimization, with the coordinated control law in the inner loop and DMC in the outer loop. Numerical simulation results show the satisfactory improvement of thermal power response. This cascade control structure inherits the advantages of both proportional-integral-differential (PID) control and DMC, by which the zeros offset and the short settling time of thermal power are realized.
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Klimenko, A. V., V. S. Agababov, A. V. Koryagin, S. N. Petin, and P. N. Borisova. "USE OF EXPANDER-GENERATOR UNIT AT CHP OF METALLURGICAL PLANT FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC POWER AND INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSOR." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 9 (October 23, 2019): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-9-698-704.
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The ability of saving energy in the production of compressed air is one of the most energy-consuming production in which much of the used energy is lost. The proposed technical solution is based on the united use of two energy-saving technologies. The first of them is the use of technological pressure drop of transported natural gas which lost irrevocably when it is throttled at gas control stations. The second one is air cooling before the compressor sections to reduce compression work. A scheme of a combined steam blowing and heat power plant of a metal manufacturer is proposed. In addition to a power and heat generating turbine and a two-section air compressor with a steamturbine drive, a two-stage expander-generator unit (EGU) producing electricity and cold is used. The thermodynamics of gas expansion processes in the expander is considered, the choice of a two-stage scheme is founded. The cold produced in the EGU is used to lower the air temperature at the inlet to the first and second sections of the compressor, thus reducing fuel consumption for air compression. Using the proposed scheme allows to reduce fuel consumption to the compressor drive, to use the heat of compressed air to preheat the transported gas before the steps of the expander and to generate additional electric power. At the same time, fuel is not used to generate electricity, and the heat of the cooled air is not discharged into the environment, therefore the plant operation is characterized by high environmental performance. The procedure for calculating of fuel economy when using the proposed scheme is given. The assessment has shown that the use of this scheme allows, under given conditions of calculation, to reduce fuel consumption at the combined heat power and steam blowing plant by 11.2 thousand tons of fuel equivalent per year, which is 0.84 %. The generated electric power of the EGU will be 5.3 MW.
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Li, Xiao Meng, Hua Wang, Zhen An Zhang, Min Liu, and De Chao Xu. "Simulation of Power Plant Subsynchronous Resonance Possibility Based on ADPSS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (October 2013): 932–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.932.
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The rotor shaft of a steam turbine generator consists of several masses, such as rotors of turbine sections, generator section and exciter section. When the generator is perturbed, it will cause torsional oscillation between different sections. In long-distance high-capacity transmission lines, series compensation with capacitors can enhance power transfer capability of power system, however it may cause subsynchronous resonance (SSR) between the turbine shaft and serial compensation., which produce large shaft torques can result in a reduction in the shaft fatigue life and possibly shaft failure, threatening the security of generator unit and stability of power system. In China the 1000kV HVAC transmission line with series compensation has been put in operation since 2009. Near the Nanyang substation, there has a power plant in Henan power grid. So it is necessary to model the power plant and HVAC transmission line to simulate the possibility of SSR problem. Based on the power system simulation software ADPSS developed by China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI), this paper built up the simulation model using the electromechanical-electromagnetic transient hybrid method, and simulated the SSR possibility between the power plant and HVAC transmission line series compensation. The simulation results showed that with the generator parameters given, there has no risk of SSR between them. This paper also gives an evaluation principle of generator SSR risk when connected into a power grid.
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Han, Long, and Guang Yi Deng. "Influences of Clean Syngas Preheating Temperature on IGCC Power Plant Performances." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.823.
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400 MW IGCC power plants were modeled by using commercial software GT PRO. The high pressure unsaturated water extracted from heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) was used to heat clean syngas to various temperatures. The influences of clean syngas preheating temperature on plant performances were investigated. Results showed that net power output and coal consumption both reduced with the increase of syngas preheating temperature, and coal consumption reduced to a larger extent. Moreover, when syngas preheating temperature increased, the net electric efficiency increased and the net heat rate decreased gradually. It was concluded that preheating clean syngas in a reasonable way was beneficial to improve the performances of IGCC power plant.
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Kolpakhchyan, P. G., and D. V. Olkhovatov. "Sensorless control of the high-speed switched reluctance generator of the micro power plant." Vestnik of Don State Technical University 19, no. 4 (January 3, 2020): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/1992-5980-2019-19-4-357-365.
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Introduction. In the distributed and autonomous generation systems using renewable energy sources, low-power generating units (not more than 100-200 kW) based on microturbines function. Microturbines operate most efficiently at high rotational speeds. In this regard, the generator running with a microturbine must also be a high-speed one. A generator is a switched reluctance electric machine (EM) that needs information on the rotor position. It is difficult to use a position sensor in such mechanisms at high speeds. This paper discusses the issues of sensorless control of a high-speed switched reluctance electric generator in conjunction with a steam microturbine.Materials and Methods. So, it is required to evaluate the proof-of-principle developed to control a high-speed switched reluctance EM. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been created including models of the investigated EM, an electric power converter, and a control system. For the EM under consideration, the active resistance is determined, as well as the dependence of the phase flux linkage on the current flowing through it and the position of the moving element. The method used involves probing the idle phase of an electric machine with short voltage pulses of equal duration, and measuring the current in this phase. If the voltage pulse length is much shorter than the phase time constant, then the current pulse amplitude is inversely proportional to the inductance. Thus, registering the maximum current pulse amplitude, it is possible to determine the rotor passage through an uncoordinated position for the probed phase. This information is used to form control actions by other phases. Moreover, the length of the test voltage pulses, required to obtain current pulses sufficient for measuring the value, is of significance versus the duration of the pulsing time. Hence, with an increase in the rotational speed, the number of test pulses is insufficient for measuring the position with the accuracy required for the control goals. This reduces drastically the precision of determining the rotor position; therefore, at high speeds, the application of this method is limited without further refinement of the rotor position. In this case, to increase the precision of measurements, it is necessary to evaluate the rate of current rise when applying the basic voltage pulse or the voltage pulse rate forming the phase current before switching to a single-pulse control mode. Research Results. Two conclusions important for correcting the estimation of the rotor position in a single-pulse operation mode of a reluctance EM are proved. The first conclusion is on the efficiency of the proposed technique of filtering phase current measurement data, the second one concerns the applicability of the identified information criteria. The analysis results of the processes in the switched reluctance EM using sensorless control that implements the described principles for determining the rotor position are presented.Discussion and Conclusions. To correct the estimation of the rotor position, the following information criteria can be used: the presence of a pause between the excitation pulse and the start of the generation process; the decrease in current by the time the generation begins. To refine the estimate, the following fact can be used: on the generation interval, the current curve knee corresponding to the maximum phase inductance is observed at the same rotor position.
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Ravi, Rajesh, and Senthilkumar Pachamuthu. "Design and Development of Innovative Protracted-Finned Counter Flow Heat Exchanger (PFCHE) for an Engine WHR and Its Impact on Exhaust Emissions." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 2717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102717.
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This article describes and evaluates an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for waste heat recovery system both theoretically as well as experimentally. Based on the thermodynamic analysis of the exhaust gas temperature identified at different locations of the exhaust manifold of an engine, the double-pipe, internally–externally protruded, finned counter flow heat exchanger was innovatively designed and installed in diesel engine for exhaust waste heat recovery (WHR). The tests were conducted to find the performance of heat recovery system by varying the fin geometries of the heat exchanger. The effect of heat exchanger on emission parameters is investigated and presented in this work. The experimental results demonstrated that the amount of heat transfer rate, the effectiveness of heat exchange rand the brake thermal efficiency improved with an increase in length and number of the fins. A significant reduction was observed in all major emissions after the implementation of catalytic-coated, protracted finned counter flow heat exchanger. It also demonstrated the possibility of electric power production using steam turbo-electric-generator setup driven by the recovered exhaust heat energy.
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Veselova, G. P., A. F. Egorov, Yu S. Kulabukhov, and V. A. Yugai. "Estimate of water inleakage into sodium in the steam generator of an atomic electric power plant that is stable with respect to industrial noise." Soviet Atomic Energy 72, no. 1 (January 1992): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01121319.
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Vajpayee, Vineet, Elif Top, and Victor M. Becerra. "Analysis of Transient Interactions between a PWR Nuclear Power Plant and a Faulted Electricity Grid." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061573.
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This paper presents the transient stability analysis of a pressurised water-type nuclear power plant following faults and disturbances affecting the electricity grid to which it is connected. The modelled nuclear plant consists of various integrated subsystems, such as core neutronics and thermal-hydraulics, piping and plenum, pressuriser, steam generator, turbine, governor, and dynamics shaft, in addition to the turbine-speed controller. The nonlinear nuclear power plant model is linearised at the operating point to acquire a linear model for controller design. The turbine-speed control loop effectively enacts a closed-loop implementation of the nuclear power plant connected to the electric grid. The various transient stability enhancement components such as the power system stabiliser, static var compensator, and static synchronous compensator are employed to test performance during severe contingencies. The interaction between the nuclear power plant, electric grid, and protection system is studied under various scenarios such as single-phase fault, three-phase fault, and permanent load loss. The performance of the nonlinear plant is further observed during load-following operation. The dynamic behaviour of the overall system is analysed using simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink/Simscape environment.
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Rubio, John D. "The Effects of Ion Implantation on the Surface Features of Inconel 600." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100118333.
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The degradation of steam generator tubing at nuclear power plants has become an important problem for the electric utilities generating nuclear power. The material used for the tubing, Inconel 600, has been found to be succeptible to intergranular attack (IGA). IGA is the selective dissolution of material along its grain boundaries. The author believes that the sensitivity of Inconel 600 to IGA can be minimized by homogenizing the near-surface region using ion implantation. The collisions between the implanted ions and the atoms in the grain boundary region would displace the atoms and thus effectively smear the grain boundary.To determine the validity of this hypothesis, an Inconel 600 sample was implanted with 100kV N2+ ions to a dose of 1x1016 ions/cm2 and electrolytically etched in a 5% Nital solution at 5V for 20 seconds. The etched sample was then examined using a JEOL JSM25S scanning electron microscope.
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Colantoni, Andrea, Mauro Villarini, Vera Marcantonio, Francesco Gallucci, and Massimo Cecchini. "Performance Analysis of a Small-Scale ORC Trigeneration System Powered by the Combustion of Olive Pomace." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 2279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122279.
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The utilisation of low- and medium-temperature energy allows to reduce the energy shortage and environmental pollution problems because low-grade energy is plentiful in nature and renewable as well. In the past two decades, thanks to its feasibility and reliability, the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has received great attention. The present work is focused on a small-scale (7.5 kW nominal electric power) combined cooling, heating and power ORC system powered by the combustion of olive pomace obtained as a by-product in the olive oil production process from an olive farm situated in the central part of Italy. The analysis of the employment of this energy system is based on experimental data and Aspen Plus simulation, including biomass and combustion tests, biomass availability and energy production analysis, Combined Cooling Heat and Power (CCHP) system sizing and assessment. Different low environmental impact working fluids and various operative process parameters were investigated. Olive pomace has been demonstrated to be suitable for the energy application and, in this case, to be able to satisfy the energy consumption of the same olive farm with the option of responding to further energy users. Global electrical efficiency varied from 12.7% to 19.4%, depending on the organic fluid used and the working pressure at the steam generator.
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Lee, Hyang Beom. "Effects of 3D Eddy Current Finite Element Formulations on ECT Signals." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.464.
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To obtain the simulated eddy current testing (ECT) signals of steam generator (SG) in nuclear power plant (NPP), nodal-based finite element (FE) analysis with magnetic vector potential (MVP) is usually used. To perform the numerical analysis, we derive the governing equation in terms of MVP and electric scalar potential (ESP) from Maxwell’s equations. To insure the uniqueness of solution, gauge condition has to be considered. In eddy current problems, Coulomb gauge condition (CGC) is usually used. In 2-D or 3-D axis-symmetric analysis, CGC is included during formulation and ESP is eliminated using some special assumption. Because CGC is not used during the formulation in 3-D analysis, we have to include artificially. And because of the heavy computation cost for 3-D analysis modified magnetic vector potential (MMVP) is used by elimination ESP. In this paper, effects of artificial treatment of CGC and elimination of ESP on ECT signal are investigated in order to help for obtaining accurate numerical simulation results.
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Redlarski, Grzegorz, Janusz Piechocki, and Mariusz Dąbkowski. "Studies of the Modelling Accuracy of Steam Turbine Control Systems for Diagnostic Tests of Automatic Synchronizers." Solid State Phenomena 199 (March 2013): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.199.61.
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One of the important factors that affect the reliable operation of the power system and the rapid restitution after disaster is a quick and effective combining synchronous electric power facilities to operate in parallel [. Hence, diagnostics of automatic synchronizers at every stage of their life, from building a prototype, through the whole life, until removing such devices from the operation, is an extremely important and responsible activity. In ordinary practice, this action is performed by dedicated test of mechatronics systems, called simulators [2, , in close to real - or even more restricted - conditions. One of the major limitations in the relevant field undoubtedly concerns the selection of an appropriate structure and implementation of models of the angular velocity control systems involved in the process of connection. These models must be simple enough to allow computation with a frequency of kHz, and, at the same time, developed enough to be able to form diverse and close to real working conditions. For these reasons, classical approach is not possible, allowing the use of well-known Parks model [ of the synchronous generator and the complex - and often nonlinear [. Hence, considered above-mentioned requirements and indicated constraints, to test the automatic synchronizer the designers of mechatronics systems use a number of simplifications during modeling of the angular speed control systems [. However, models are not detailed enough to study the impact of changes in the shape of relevant characteristics under the influence of changes the angle of phase discrepancy in the process of connecting. Hence, this paper presents the results of the research of the currently used method of modeling the most commonly used control systems of angular velocity, in the respective systems.
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Liang, Xiufan, and Yiguo Li. "Transient Analysis and Execution-Level Power Tracking Control of the Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Plant." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081564.
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Concentrating solar power (CSP) is a promising technology for exploiting solar energy. A major advantage of CSP plants lies in their capability of integrating with thermal energy storage; hence, they can have a similar operability to that of fossil-fired power plants, i.e., their power output can be adjusted as required. For this reason, the power output of such CSP plants is generally scheduled to maximize the operating revenue by participating in electric markets, which can result in frequent changes in the power reference signal and introduces challenges to real-time power tracking. To address this issue, this paper systematically studies the execution-level power tracking control strategy of an CSP plant, primarily aiming at coordinating the control of the sluggish steam generator (including the economizer, the boiler, and the superheater) and the fast steam turbine. The governing equations of the key energy conversion processes in the CSP plant are first presented and used as the simulation platform. Then, the transient behavior of the CSP plant is analyzed to gain an insight into the system dynamic characteristics and control difficulties. Then, based on the step-response data, the transfer functions of the CSP plant are identified, which form the prediction model of the model predictive controller. Finally, two control strategies are studied through simulation experiments: (1) the heuristic PI control with two operation modes, which can be conveniently implemented but cannot coordinate the control of the power tracking speed and the main steam parameters, and (2) advanced model predictive control (MPC), which overcomes the shortcoming of PI (Proportional-Integral) control and can significantly improve the control performance.
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Skalozubov, V., V. Spinov, D. Spinov, Т. Gablaya, V. Kochnyeva, and Yu Komarov. "SUBSTANTIATION OF MODERNIZED BLACKOUT & LOSS-OF-COOLANT ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS WITH WWER." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 2, no. 61 (2020): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.2.61.2020.08.
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The analysis of the known results of RELAP5/V.3.2 simulation for loss of coolant & blackout accidents at WWER nuclear power plants showed that the design accident management strategies with design passive safety systems do not provide the necessary safety conditions for the maximum permissible temperature of fuel claddings, the minimum permissible level of coolant in the reactor and feed water in the steam generators. A conservative thermohydrodynamic model for a design and modernized blackout & loss-of-coolant accident management strategy at a nuclear power plant with WWER has been developed. Design passive safety systems carry out the design accident management strategy: pressurizer safety valves, secondary steam relief valves, and hydraulic reservoirs of the emergency core cooling system of the reactor. Promising afterheat removal passive systems and the reactor level and steam generator water level control systems carry out the modernized blackout & loss-of-coolant accident management strategy. The main conservative assumptions of the presented model of blackout & loss-of-coolant accidents: complete long-term failure of all electric pumps of active safety systems, the temperature of nuclear fuel in the central part of the fuel matrix is assumed as the maximum allowable one, effect of “run down” flow of a turbine feed pump and the coolant level in pressurizer on accident process is not considered. Computational modelling has found that violations of the safety conditions are over the entire range of leak sizes for the design blackout & loss-of-coolant accident management strategy. For the modernized blackout & loss-of-coolant accident management strategy, safety conditions are provided for 72 hours of the accident and more. The presented results of computational modelling of blackout accident management strategies for nuclear power plants can be used to modernize and improve symptom-informed emergency instructions and guidelines for the severe accident management at nuclear power plants with WWER. Application of the results of computational modelling of blackout accident management strategies is generally not substantiated for other types of reactor facilities. In this case, it is necessary to develop calculated models for blackout accident management taking into account the specifics of the structural and technical characteristics and operating conditions for safety related systems of nuclear power plants.
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Погудин, Андрей Владимирович, and Сергей Викторович Губин. "МИНИМИЗАЦИЯ ВРЕМЕНИ ПОДГОТОВКИ РАБОЧЕГО ТЕЛА К ЗАПУСКУ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ С ЭЛЕКТРОНАГРЕВНЫМ ДВИГАТЕЛЕМ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.1.01.
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The subject of the research in the article is the process of preparing the working fluid for launching an engine installation with an electric heating engine. The goal is to minimize the time for preparing the working fluid for launch by developing an algorithm for thermostating and barostating of elements of a propulsion system with limited power of the power supply system. Tasks: analysis of the structure of a propulsion system with an electric heating engine, selection of an installation control controller, the formation of an algorithm for preparing the working fluid for the first launch, the study of the reserve time for preparing the working fluid for launch with limited power supply system, the formation of an algorithm for minimizing the starting time. The methods used are: circuit analysis, energy balance and algorithmic analysis. The following results were obtained: the structural diagram of the propulsion system was analyzed, a control unit based on the Arduino Leonardo controller was selected, the first start-up algorithm was compiled, which consisted of the barostatting of the tank, thermostatting of the steam generator, barostatting of the receiver, and thermostatting of the electric heating engine; A start-up cyclogram with reduced time was constructed, an algorithm with a minimum start-up time of the propulsion system was formed. The scientific novelty of the results is as follows: the procedures included in the algorithm for preparing the working fluid for the first launch of the propulsion system are formed, a cyclogram for preparing the working fluid for the first launch is constructed, a cyclogram for reducing the time for preparing the working fluid for the first launch of the installation is constructed based on the energy balance of power consumption with limitation power plant output parameters, an algorithm for reducing the preparation time of the working fluid for the first launch of a propulsion system with an electric heating engine was built, the value of the start time was established by the modified first start algorithm with limited values of the power supply system.