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1
Грабчак, Е. П., Е. Л. Логинов, and М. А. Шурупов. "Increasing the operation reliability of power plants under impact conditions geoinducted currents generated disturbances of the Earth’s magnetic field during geomagnetic storm." Vestnik of Russian New University. Series «Complex systems: models, analysis, management», no. 4 (January 10, 2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/rnu.v9187.21.04.p.068.
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Статья посвящена обеспечению надежности и безопасности работы объектов электроэнергетики в условиях воздействия геоиндуктированных токов, генерируемых возмущениями магнитного поля Земли в периоды геомагнитных бурь. Рассматриваются мероприятия по этой проблеме, включенные в проект «Стратегия обеспечения безопасности Единой энергетической системы России в условиях естественных и искусственных электромагнитных воздействий». Сформулированы пути повышения надежности работы объектов электроэнергетики для предотвращения вероятных чрезвычайных ситуаций в регионах России с повышенным уровнем геоиндуцированных токов. The article is devoted to ensuring the reliability and safety of the operation of electric power facilities under the influence of geoinduced currents generated by disturbances of the Earth’s magnetic field during periods of geomagnetic storms. Measures on this problem, included in the draft “Strategies for ensuring the security of the Unified Energy System of Russia in the conditions of natural and artificial electromagnetic influences” are considered. The ways of increasing the reliability of the electric power facilities to prevent possible emergencies in the regions of Russia with an increased level of geoinduced currents are formulated.
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Šmelcerović, Miodrag, and Pavle Trpeski. "ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF THE HYDROPOWER PLANTS OF THE FUTURE." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 47, no. 1 (August 16, 2021): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij4701191s.
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The impact of hydropower plants on the environment varies greatly, depending on site-specific mitigation measures and production strategies: if badly managed, hydropower production can reduce biodiversity and can significantly degrade fluvial ecosystems and associated ecosystem services.Ocean waves are an immense, unused source of energy. Since global attention is nowadays constantly being drawn to the fact that the level of CO2 is rising, creating the so called “greenhouse effect”, and influencing further climate changes, the focus on generating electricity from renewable sources forces itself as an important area of future research. The possibility to exploit the energy potential created by sea waves indisputably exists. Various researches conducted in the field of unused energy sources prove the necessity of seriously considering this potential of sea waves. The illustration of this point in noted in a recently performed estimation that up to 15 per cent of current UK electricity demand could be met by wave energy, and when this is combined with tidal stream generation, even up to 20 per cent of the UK demand for electrical power could be met. This paper introduces the readers to the topic of water power, as a natural source of renewable energy, investigating the possibility of using power of waves as one of the technically and ecologically appropriate solutions of exploiting this renewable natural source. It is a fact widely acknowledged that climate change and global warming are the number-one challenge of the contemporary world; practically every available research predicts that with the current rate of development the world is heading for at least 2, and even more likely 3-4, degrees warmer climate by the end of this century. As energy production and use account for two-thirds of global greenhouse-gas emissions, the energy industry is in a key role to cut emissions – while powering economic growth, boosting energy security and increasing energy access. In view of this, hydropower can make a major contribution to climate change mitigation. Not only is hydropower practically CO₂-free, thus eliminating its possible contribution to the greenhouse effect, but it is also both more efficient and flexible compared with existing fossil alternatives for base load and balancing power. Even though the world is aware of the potential of hydropower, and despite the fact that many wave energy devices are nowadays being investigated, most of these are currently at the research and development stage, with only a small range of devices having been tested at large scale, deployed in the oceans. Thus, one of the goals of this paper would be to present the technology used to turn the power of waves unto electric power, as well as the various types of turbines and devices which represent the latest technological achievements in this area. The goal of this paper is also to present the existing devices, their manner of functioning, and their efficiency and safety from the environmental aspect. It is also important to note that hydropower’s own overall environmental impact is limited, thus making hydropower more benevolent to the environment than other energy sources that have been exploited so far.
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PRYDATKO, I., Oleksandr Kollarov, N. TYUTYUNNYK, and D. KARDASH. "Development of alternative energy of Ukraine in the context of energy and environmental security of the state." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 23, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2020-2-87-91.
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Increased greenhouse gas emissions, climate change; loss of diversity of fauna and flora, depletion of mineral deposits, accumulation of huge volumes of industrial waste, increasing risks of shortages of some types of energy has led to the development and reaching new levels of renewable energy in many countries, mainly with strong economies. To date, a number of EU countries have virtually abandoned traditional nuclear energy, virtually curtailed fuel energy using nonrenewable fossil resources, and are working hard to develop new energy-saving technologies. In Ukraine, there is a similar tendency to reduce the production of electricity from thermal power plants and increase the share of renewable energy in total production. Unfortunately, in 2020 the structure of electricity production in Ukraine has changed and does not correspond to global trends in energy development. The share of electricity generation at TPPs has increased significantly, and the share of cleaner and cheaper NPP generation has decreased to 40%. There are a number of reasons for this, but we consider it urgent to return to the process of reducing TPP generation capacity. The dynamics of renewable energy development in the country is quite positive. Additional measures are also needed to ensure the safety of nuclear energy - to finally eliminate dependence on Russian fuel. Many countries have decided to abandon cars with internal combustion engines altogether. In Ukraine, the market for electric cars is also developing and the demand for such cars is growing every month. We are among the top 5 countries in terms of market development dynamics. The development of car designs with so-called "nuclear batteries" cannot be ruled out. There are many such technologies, but all of them are currently unfinished and limited in the use of security issues. It is necessary to stimulate the development of hydrogen and electric transport in our country at the legislative level. And last but not least: in order to form a philosophy of ecological consumption among the citizens of Ukraine, it is necessary to develop appropriate government programs, introduce them in education, science and industrial production
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Dobrowolski, Zbysław. "Energy and Local Safety: How the Administration Limits Energy Security." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 4841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164841.
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Energy safety is multifaceted and is not limited only to nuclear plants. The research on local energy safety is not considerable. This article creates new ground by analysing the Polish local energy safety system in the cause–effect context. Consistent with an abductive approach, this paper’s insights have emerged iteratively based on the theory reviewed and the empirical case. The research aimed to determine whether the local administration negatively affected energy security and proposed preventive measures increased limited energy security. The findings show that flawed local government operations reduce local energy safety. Moreover, the State authorities did not recognise the weaknesses of the local energy safety system properly. The findings make two main contributions: first, they contribute to developing energy safety theory; and second, this article contributes to a further contextual diagnosis of the comprehensive energy system and can, in turn, be relevant for its further studies in worldwide context.
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Coronas, Sergio, Jordi de la Hoz, Àlex Alonso, and Helena Martín. "23 Years of Development of the Solar Power Generation Sector in Spain: A Comprehensive Review of the Period 1998–2020 from a Regulatory Perspective." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041593.
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Spain has become one of the leading countries in the world in promoting electricity generation from renewable energy sources (RES), due to their positive socioeconomic and environmental impacts, through highly favorable regulatory frameworks and public incentives set by Spanish governments mainly during the first decade of 2000s, i.e., Royal Decree (RD) 2818/1998, RD 436/2004 and RD 661/2007. Conversely, the highly favorable regime applicable to RES, and specifically to solar power plants during the 1998–2008 promotion period turned into an extremely unfavorable scenario during the 2008–2020 cost-containment stage, characterized by the dismantling of the previous promotion schemes so as to reduce the skyrocketing electricity system tariff deficit, in which regulations such as RD 1578/2008, Royal Decree Law (RDL) 6/2009, RDL 14/2010, RDL 1/2012, Law 15/2012, RDL 9/2013, Law 24/2013 and RD 413/2014 stood out. Nonetheless, the Spanish renewable sector, and especially the solar power sector, has shown great dynamism in its energy policy in the period 1998–2020. This academic contribution provides a comprehensive review of the energy policy evolution for the whole solar power sector in Spain, specifically both solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, over the last 23 years. Thus, considering both the boom in the solar power sector as well as the solar sector’s bust, a survey of the different legislation in force during the 1998–2020 period, as well as of the existing academic literature dealing with this issue, is conducted to first contextualize and describe, and then carefully assess, the last 23 years of solar energy policy in Spain. In brief, the decisive role of the Spanish government in developing the RES sector, and especially the solar power sector, in recent years has been noted. In this vein, a good planning of the energy development model, the regulatory stability, the simplicity and agility of the corresponding administrative process, the appropriate design of support mechanisms, as well as security and predictability of support levels in the mid and long term, play an important role in providing certainty to all the stakeholders. During the 1998–2008 promotion stage, even with a stable, quite favorable and easily predictable RES support mechanism in place, the Spanish solar system behaved as an open-loop system without any control structure detecting and reacting to problematic situations. The fact that the Spanish government was compelled to implement ex-post measures during the period 2008–2020, seriously jeopardizing the viability of the power plants in operation, as well as compromising the legal–economic stability of the renewable energy sector, clearly indicated a malfunctioning of the energy policy control mechanism. In essence, it is hoped that the lessons extracted from this 23-year comprehensive review of the Spanish solar power sector pathway could be quite useful for other countries either in the initial development stage or fully immersed in the promotion of solar power sector or any other renewable technology.
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Rudenko, D., and A. Dominik. "INFLUENCE OF HEAT FLOW ON MULTI-FUNCTIONAL ROBOTIC MODULE DURING EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN MINES." Fire Safety, no. 33 (December 31, 2018): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.33.2018.11.
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Conclusion.Coal is used as a technological raw material in the ferrous metallurgy and chemical industry for the production of mineral fertilizers and plastics, and coal is used as energy raw material for the production of electricity at thermal power plants, for heating residential and public buildings. The unsatisfactory state of the coal industry is due to interaction over a fairly long period of a number of factors, which by their nature have both objective and subjective character.
Purpose.In order to enter the market economy, the branch needs restructuring, the main objectives of which are the formation of competitive coal enterprises, the consistent reduction of state support to the enterprises of the industry, the use of less energy consuming extractive equipment, the improvement of safety at work in mines, the provision of trouble-free work, as well as social security of industry workers.
Methods. Empirical and theoretical methods.
Results. In the event of a fire in the mining area of the mine and subsequent possible destruction of the elements of the bearing structures of the mining shaft, as already noted earlier, in many cases it is necessary to extinguish and rescue. The presence of combustion products makes it difficult to carry out these measures. Combustion products are characterized by a high temperature (over 1000 °C), which leads to the failure of the electronic (control system) and electrical equipment (rechargeable batteries, electric motors) of the robotic module.
The heat flux studied also negatively affects the work of the robotic module. According to the technical instructions, rechargeable batteries can only operate at temperatures below 72 ºС. To protect the batteries from the heat flow, they are placed under the protective cover. However, the protective cover over time heats up and begins to heat the internal space of the robotic module, which increases the temperature of the battery. In order to provide the normal working conditions, it is necessary to install an additional insulating layer in addition to the metal cover of the multifunctional module, and from the outside it should be washed with a water solution.
Introduction. Based on the calculations of the proposed conditions of torch combustion and experimental studies, it has been established that the time of continuous work of the robotic module is 50 minutes, but when extinguishing in the places of mine workings of the mine, the maneuverability is limited and therefore this time increases. On the other hand, the heat flow should not heat the module within the specified time to the critical temperature achieved by the system of cooling the surface.
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Dubickiy, Mihail. "OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY THE SECURITY OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2018, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-2018-1-139-139.
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The main classes of tasks of the methodical plan within which questions of safety of
power systems are considered are allocated. The article considers the main tasks ensure the safety of
nuclear power plants.
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Zhang, Tong, Ke He Wu, and Wei Li. "Research and Design of the Security Area Classification Model of Electric Power Information System." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.519.
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Because of the special position of electric power industry in national economy and social life, electric power information security has been given particular attention. In recent years, the security defense of Electric Power Information System has been all under the principle of security area classification, which applies different security defense measures for the information systems in different security level. However, because of lacking theory guidance, the recent method of security area classification is not in accord with the requirements of real production and management, and security threaten occurs at times. In order to meet the requirements of real production and management and the needs of security area classification defense in Electric Power Information System, based on the theory of network business security, a new security area classification model of Electric Power Information System has been proposed, and the access rules of the information transmission and sharing between different security areas have also been proposed. The new security area classification model can provide theoretical basis for security area classification in Electric Power Information System, and can deal with the conflict between the requirements of real production and the needs of information security.
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Liu, Jiu, Le Shen, and Kakon Sultana. "Ensuring Information Disclosure and Environmental Impact on Nanoradioactive Operation of Civil Nuclear Facilities in China." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (October 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5908166.
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Japan was struck by a massive earthquake that triggered a tsunami in March 2011, which led to a severe nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of the Tokyo Electric Power Company. Now, more than 10 years later, it is widely acknowledged that the civil nuclear industry is of great importance in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving natural environmental quality, and safeguarding national energy security. Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, which have gained wide consideration in recent years, have shown a wide variety of application potentials in the future nuclear energy system. Thus, China has been developing its civil nuclear industry throughout the years, despite the nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan. As a result, China is currently one of the countries with the most nuclear power plants. However, due to the potential radioactive risk, the public has an instinctive fear of civil nuclear development. To alleviate the public’s antinuclear sentiment, the Nuclear Safety Law was formally implemented in 2018, and Measures for Disclosure of Nuclear Safety Information were issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China in 2020, both stipulating that the public has the right to obtain information about nuclear safety and be involved in related activities. The purpose of such legislation is to eliminate the public’s doubts and phobia about the development of the civil nuclear industry. However, challenges still exist. Although such suggestions have been proposed, such as information disclosure and social involvement should begin as early as the siting of such nuclear facilities, mechanisms to provide sufficient compensation to the public living near nuclear facilities should be established, and these suggestions still have not been applied in the law of China and either not been practiced exactly so far. So, even though all the suggestions have strong feasibility themselves under today’s circumstances in China, it is not easy to judge the effectiveness of these suggestions until they are fully practiced. It is the biggest problem of existing works in this paper. To highlight the serious problems in information disclosure and public involvement in the siting and construction of civil nuclear facilities, several case studies were investigated as the major methodology in this research. Moreover, a legislation study was used to analyze the current content of related legislation and regulations. A qualitative methodology was also adopted to summarize the legal problems surrounding information disclosure and social involvement during the siting and construction of civil nuclear facilities. Information disclosure and public participation still face several obstacles in China, even though laws and regulations guarantee people the right to access available information and take part in pertinent decision-making. This is particularly true when it comes to the siting and construction of civil nuclear facilities. Thus, in the last several years, several antinuclear incidents have been initiated by the public due to a lack of information and mechanisms to participate. According to the examined cases, information disclosure and public involvement are still not sufficient during the siting of nuclear facilities. A relevant compensation mechanism for people living around nuclear facilities has not been established, and public education on basic nuclear safety is lacking. Therefore, public involvement cannot be completely realized. To ensure information disclosure and public involvement in civil nuclear facilities, this article proposes that information disclosure and social involvement begin as early as the siting of such facilities. Furthermore, operators of nuclear facilities and local governments should establish mechanisms to provide sufficient preventive compensation to the public living near nuclear facilities and attempt to popularize the science of nuclear safety to avoid public misunderstanding.
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Skotnes, Ruth Østgaard. "Management commitment and awareness creation – ICT safety and security in electric power supply network companies." Information & Computer Security 23, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-02-2014-0017.
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Purpose – This paper aims to follow-up on previous research by studying the degree of management commitment to information and communication technology (ICT) safety and security within network companies in the electric power supply sector, implementation of awareness creation and training measures for ICT safety and security within these companies and the relationship between these two variables. Design/methodology/approach – Data were mainly collected through a survey among users of ICT systems in network companies within the Norwegian electric power supply sector. In addition, qualitative data were gathered through interviews with representatives from the regulatory authorities, and observation studies were conducted at ICT safety and security conferences. Findings – In accordance with previous research, our survey data showed a statistically significant correlation between management commitment to ICT safety and security and implementation of awareness creation and training measures. The majority of survey respondents viewed the degree of management commitment to ICT safety and security within their own organization as high, even though qualitative studies showed contradictory results. The network companies had implemented awareness creation and training measures to a varying degree. However, interactive awareness measures were used to a lesser extent than formal one-way communication methods. Originality/value – The paper provides insight into management commitment to and implementation of awareness creation and training measures for ICT safety and security within network companies.
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Дадалко, Vasiliy Dadalko, Чаленко, and N. Chalenko. "Features and specifics of the main threats of the enterprises of power industry of the North Caucasian region." Economics of the Firm 3, no. 1 (March 17, 2014): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4887.
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Power industry has become a vital component of the modern Russian economy and electric power plants can be found in each federal district of this country, which makes power industry of strategic importance for ensuring economic security of the Russian Federation. Similar to other industries, electric power sector has its specific features and a set of related specific risks and safety hazards. The authors argue that threats, inherent in power plants, must be examined for identifying urgent issues and ways to cope with threats, caused by fuel resources shortages, drawbacks in power supply of the North-Caucasian Region and challenges of peaking capacitances seasonality at water-power plants.
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Jiang, Cheng Zhi, Ting Ting Liu, and Xing Chuan Bao. "A Security Test and Evaluation Model for Electric Industrial Control Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 1385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.1385.
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The adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in critical infrastructures, e.g. smart grids and power plants, facilitates the interoperation between components but introduces new security issues as well. Based on the survey of typical Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) in the power grid corporation, a three-layer abstract model of electric ICS is built in this paper. A corresponding security test and evaluation model is then proposed and detailed steps, components and methods involved are described. The proposed model can be considered to be the guide to carry out security test and evaluation activities so as to enforce the security protection of ICS in electric industry.
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Alhelou, Hassan Haes, Pierluigi Siano, Massimo Tipaldi, Raffaele Iervolino, and Feras Mahfoud. "Primary Frequency Response Improvement in Interconnected Power Systems Using Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plants." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 2 (May 16, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11020040.
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The smart grid concept enables demand-side management, including electric vehicles (EVs). Thus way, some ancillary services can be provided in order to improve the power system stability, reliability, and security. The high penetration level of renewable energy resources causes some problems to independent system operators, such as lack of primary reserve and active power balance problems. Nowadays, many countries are encouraging the use of EVs which provide a good chance to utilize them as a virtual power plant (VPP) in order to contribute to frequency event. This paper proposes a new control method to use EV as VPP for providing primary reserve in smart grids. The primary frequency reserve helps the power system operator to intercept the frequency decline and to improve the frequency response of the whole system. The proposed method calculates the electric vehicles’ primary reserve based on EVs’ information, such as the state of charge (SOC), the arriving time and the vehicle’s departure time. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by several simulation scenarios on a real-world modern power system with different generating units, such as conventional power plants, renewable energy resources, and electric vehicles.
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Sarkisov, Ashot A., Sergey V. Antipov, Dmitry O. Smolentsev, Vyacheslav P. Bilashenko, Mikhail N. Kobrinsky, Vladimir A. Sotnikov, and Pavel A. Shvedov. "Low-power nuclear power plants in the context of electric power systems transformation." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.65315.
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Increasing economic importance of the Arctic, further intensification of northern sea routes, and exceptional sensitivity of the arctic natural environment to anthropogenic impacts are fundamental factors for a comprehensive study of environmental aspects in the application of innovative technologies for the development of infrastructure in the Arctic. Despite the growing interest in low-power nuclear power plants as a distributed generation facility, their possible application in technologically isolated power systems does not lose relevance. The development of both the Arctic and Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation presents great opportunities and demand for the use of nuclear power sources. Also, development programs for the Russian arctic zone imply a significant increase in the role and number of nuclear power facilities, in other words of potential radiation-hazardous facilities. Large-scale use of nuclear-powered installations in the Arctic necessitates advanced development of a scientifically grounded and modern forecasting system as well as assessments of threats and risks in case of possible radiation emergencies at nuclear- and radiation-hazardous facilities. Also, the development of proposals for necessary measures to minimize negative consequences of such emergencies is required. This is especially true for the case of compact placement of industrial, infrastructure and residential facilities in the Arctic in the immediate vicinity of nuclear facilities. The paper demonstrates that the demand for low-power nuclear power plants and their competitiveness will grow steadily in the conditions of electric-power industry decentralization, further spread of distributed generation and the development of technologically isolated power systems. Approaches to the generation of a low nuclear-power system based on the philosophy of industrialization of production and centralized management are presented. Special features of the environmental impact assessment of low-power nuclear power plants for the development of a methodology to study the radio-ecological hazard related problems are provided.
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Ullah, Kaleem, Abdul Basit, Zahid Ullah, Fahad R. Albogamy, and Ghulam Hafeez. "Automatic Generation Control in Modern Power Systems with Wind Power and Electric Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051771.
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The modern power system is characterized by the massive integration of renewables, especially wind power. The intermittent nature of wind poses serious concerns for the system operator owing to the inaccuracies in wind power forecasting. Forecasting errors require more balancing power for maintaining frequency within the nominal range. These services are now offered through conventional power plants that not only increase the operational cost but also adversely affect the environment. The modern power system emphasizes the massive penetration of wind power that will replace conventional power plants and thereby impact the provision of system services from conventional power plants. Therefore, there is an emergent need to find new control and balancing solutions, such as regulation reserves from wind power plants and electric vehicles, without trading off their natural behaviors. This work proposes real-time optimized dispatch strategies for automatic generation control (AGC) to utilize wind power and the storage capacity of electric vehicles for the active power balancing services of the grid. The proposed dispatch strategies enable the AGC to appropriately allocate the regulating reserves from wind power plants and electric vehicles, considering their operational constraints. Simulations are performed in DIgSILENT software by developing a power system AGC model integrating the generating units and an EVA model. The inputs for generating units are considered by selecting a particular day of the year 2020, when wind power plants are generating high power. Different coordinated dispatch strategies are proposed for the AGC model to incorporate the reserve power from wind power plants and EVs. The performance of the proposed dispatch strategies is accessed and discussed by obtaining responses of the generating units and EVs during the AGC operation to counter the initial power imbalances in the network. The results reveal that integration of wind power and electric vehicles alongside thermal power plants can effectively reduce real-time power imbalances acquainted in power systems due to massive penetration of wind power that subsequently improves the power system security. Moreover, the proposed dispatch strategy reduces the operational cost of the system by allowing the conventional power plant to operate at their lower limits and therefore utilizes minimum reserves for the active power balancing services.
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Christel Jane V. Agaton, Mary Joy P. Cruz, John Vincent D. Gregorio, Marlyn R. Javier, Nicole Andria U. Monteron, Rohannah Anngel C. Ortiguerra, and Xylee Nicole M. Parcio. "POWER-UP POWER PLANTS: ENERGIZING PHILIPPINES RENWABLE ENERGY SOURCES." Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies 6, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/japs.v6i1.4163.
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ABSTRACT
This study focused on renewable energy sources in the Philippines, including solar, hydro, biomass, wind, and geothermal. The amount of energy renewable energy power plants generates and how much it costs, how many of these power plants are operating in the Philippines, and the long-term impacts of using entirely renewable energy were investigated through data mining. Among all renewable energy sources in the Philippines, geothermal power plants provide most electricity, while wind energy has the greatest production costs. A total of 235 renewable energy generating plants are active across the country, majority of them are in Luzon. Furthermore, renewable energy sources positively affect our economy and environment as they can potentially lower electric bills, increase employment, and reduce air pollution and health risks associated with it. However, potential negative consequences include lack of food security and agricultural areas. The researchers urge the government to develop more renewable energy power plants, conduct comprehensive grid-capability assessments, including assessment of potential optimal sites for new producing assets, and properly plan and handle the environmental effects.
Keywords: Renewable Energy Sources, Power Plant, Philippines
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Thilmany, Jean. "Scada Security?" Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 06 (June 1, 2012): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-jun-1.
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This article focuses on the introduction of advance security checks to counter negative publicity of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. The SCADA security concerns have come to be seen as a big deal because the systems can be found within power plants, refineries, pipelines, water treatment plants, and the telecommunications industry, where hackers could do great damage that would affect the public. In light of SCADA security concerns, security researchers have stepped up efforts to find and to call attention to the systems’ vulnerabilities. As national attention has only recently turned to SCADA security, system users have few regulatory specifications by which they must abide. In 2006, the federal government charged the North American Electric Reliability Corp., or NERC, with defining and implementing standards for critical infrastructure protection within the industry. A number of pieces of legislation have been passed and proposed to address software security. The big one right now is the Cybersecurity Act of 2012, which has been introduced by Senator Joseph Lieberman of Connecticut.
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Shi, Kun Peng, Wei Zhao, Ji Yue Fu, Guo Ying Fan, and Ting Li. "Study on Coordinated Development between Wind Power and Grid." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.380.
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In this paper, the security and consumption problems of large-scale wind power integration to electric grid are briefly introduced, focusing on serious events that many installations went off the grid, failing to “ride through fault” (RTF), which happened successively since 2011. Then the mechanisms of coordinated development between wind power and electric grid are discussed, and suggestions on management & technical measures are proposed to realize a great friendly wind farm which can be developed in a scientific, healthy and sustainable manner.
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Wang, Zhiyong. "Reducing Air Pollution from Electric Power-generation in China." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 3 (1991): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900022165.
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This paper addresses current and future concerns regarding the air-pollution situation in China, and focuses on reduction of particulates', SO2, and CO2, emissions in China's electric power-generation sector. Technical aspects of control methods include an assessment of innovative approaches such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Suggestions are made pertaining to the technical planning and management aspects of air-pollutant control.In a technological context, improving coal-use efficiency, increasing the proportion of coal pretreatment, and using EOR technology, should be considered; these measures have proven effective and relatively economical elsewhere. If the measures could be adopted in China's electric power-generation sector, as much as about 50% of the particulates, 34% of the SO2, and 95% of the CO2, emitted from power-plants, could be removed. If fully engaged, these actions would improve China's air environment significantly.In a planning and management context, five suggestions are made with respect to air quality regulations: administrative measures, coal prices, developing ‘clean’ energy systems, reforestation, and transferring to new energy-saving and pollution-controlling technologies. In addition to domestic efforts, active engagement in international cooperation would be extremely beneficial to China.
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Lyubimova, N. G. "The paths to carbon neutrality in the Russian electric power industry." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-1-63-69.
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The Paris Climate Agreement has endorsed a strategic course towards “carbon neutrality” by 2050. Currently, all or at least most of the anthropogenic CO2 emission in Russia is absorbed by forests. The main sources of CO2 emission are fuel and energy sectors, including the electric power industry and transport. The introduction of a “carbon” tax can cause big losses for Russian manufacturers. To reduce the carbon intensity of electricity production and maintain “carbon neutrality” in the future Russia has to increase generation at nuclear, hydroelectric and other renewable energy sources, take measures to improve the fuel combustion efficiency at coal-fired power plants and introduce more economical gas turbine and combined cycle equipment installations at gas power plants.
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Bulatov, Yuri, and Andrey Kryukov. "Study of cyber security of predictive control algorithms for distributed generation plants." Analysis and data processing systems, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2782-2001-2021-2-19-34.
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The power industry is currently actively developing the field related to the use of distributed generation plants located near the power receiving devices of consumers. At the same time, the introduction of distributed generation plants causes a lot of engineering problems which need solutions. One of them is the optimization of the settings of automatic voltage regulators (AVR) and speed regulators (ASR) of synchronous generators in all possible operating modes. This requires the use of complex models of power supply systems, distributed generation plants and their regulators, as well as labor-intensive calculations that take into account a large number of interrelated parameters. However, there is another approach based on the use of predictive controllers. In this case only one parameter is needed for linear predictive models.The article describes a method for constructing and tuning the proposed predictive ASR synchronous generator, as well as computer models of distributed generation plants used in research. The purpose of the research was to determine cyber security of power supply systems equipped with various distributed generation plants with predictive speed controllers that can be implemented on the basis of the microprocessor technology. The studies were carried out in the MATLAB system using the Simulink and SymPowerSystems simulation packages on computer models of distributed generation plants with one turbine generator operating at a dedicated load, as well as a group of hydrogenerators connected to a high-power electric power system. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed predictive control algorithms, as well as the fact that their cyber security can be increased by introducing hardware restrictions on the range of changes in the time constant of the predictive link.
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Vinnychenko, O. V. "Analyzing the Problems of Develoment of Nuclear, Thermal and Renewable Energy in Terms of the Electric Power System of Ukraine." Business Inform 11, no. 514 (2020): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-11-132-138.
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In order to research the process of development of the energy systems of Ukraine, the current status and problems of development of nuclear, thermal and renewable energy are analyzed. The global trends in the development of nuclear energy is identified and it is noted that after the short-term decline caused by the accident at the «Fukushima-1» nuclear power plant, a gradual increase in the number of operating reactors has begun. The crisis situation in the nuclear and thermal energy market is outlined. Within the framework of the existing PSO (Public Service Obligation) model, the National nuclear power generating company «Energoatom» suffers significant losses. The limitation of electrical energy production at nuclear power plants in 2020 is an insufficiently grounded measure that will adversely affect the energy security of the country. Shutting down the power units of nuclear plants means that instead of producing energy one begins to consume energy, while a constant duty with ongoing servicing of equipment and maintaining the security systems is required. It is indicated that the coal-fired power plants of Ukraine have already developed their estimated resource and have an extremely low usage rate of installed capacity. In addition, coal-fired power plants in Ukraine are used in maneuvering modes, to cover peak loads, which leads to accelerated wear and tear of equipment and reduces production efficiency. A comparative analysis of the development of renewable energy sources (RES) is carried out and it is proved that the increase in electrical energy production due to RES requires the development of sufficient maneuvering capacities. The current situation indicates that the capacities of HPP and PHES are not sufficient, so at this time coal-fired power plants are used for such purposes, but such a part-time mode of operation leads to further wear and tear of equipment and an increase in emergency situations.
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Vinnychenko, O. V. "Analyzing the Problems of Develoment of Nuclear, Thermal and Renewable Energy in Terms of the Electric Power System of Ukraine." Business Inform 11, no. 514 (2020): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-11-132-138.
Full textAbstract:
In order to research the process of development of the energy systems of Ukraine, the current status and problems of development of nuclear, thermal and renewable energy are analyzed. The global trends in the development of nuclear energy is identified and it is noted that after the short-term decline caused by the accident at the «Fukushima-1» nuclear power plant, a gradual increase in the number of operating reactors has begun. The crisis situation in the nuclear and thermal energy market is outlined. Within the framework of the existing PSO (Public Service Obligation) model, the National nuclear power generating company «Energoatom» suffers significant losses. The limitation of electrical energy production at nuclear power plants in 2020 is an insufficiently grounded measure that will adversely affect the energy security of the country. Shutting down the power units of nuclear plants means that instead of producing energy one begins to consume energy, while a constant duty with ongoing servicing of equipment and maintaining the security systems is required. It is indicated that the coal-fired power plants of Ukraine have already developed their estimated resource and have an extremely low usage rate of installed capacity. In addition, coal-fired power plants in Ukraine are used in maneuvering modes, to cover peak loads, which leads to accelerated wear and tear of equipment and reduces production efficiency. A comparative analysis of the development of renewable energy sources (RES) is carried out and it is proved that the increase in electrical energy production due to RES requires the development of sufficient maneuvering capacities. The current situation indicates that the capacities of HPP and PHES are not sufficient, so at this time coal-fired power plants are used for such purposes, but such a part-time mode of operation leads to further wear and tear of equipment and an increase in emergency situations.
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Liu, Ju, Wei Yao, Jinyu Wen, Haibo He, and Xueyang Zheng. "Active Power Oscillation Property Classification of Electric Power Systems Based on SVM." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/218647.
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Nowadays, low frequency oscillation has become a major problem threatening the security of large-scale interconnected power systems. According to generation mechanism, active power oscillation of electric power systems can be classified into two categories: free oscillation and forced oscillation. The former results from poor or negative damping ratio of power system and external periodic disturbance may lead to the latter. Thus control strategies to suppress the oscillations are totally different. Distinction from each other of those two different kinds of power oscillations becomes a precondition for suppressing the oscillations with proper measures. This paper proposes a practical approach for power oscillation classification by identifying real-time power oscillation curves. Hilbert transform is employed to obtain envelope curves of the power oscillation curves. Twenty sampling points of the envelope curve are selected as the feature matrices to train and test the supporting vector machine (SVM). The tests on the 16-machine 68-bus benchmark power system and a real power system in China indicate that the proposed oscillation classification method is of high precision.
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Delfanti, Maurizio, Davide Falabretti, Marco Merlo, and Gabriele Monfredini. "Distributed Generation Integration in the Electric Grid: Energy Storage System for Frequency Control." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/198427.
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During the last few years generation from renewable energy sources (RESs) has grown considerably in European electrical networks. Transmission system operators are greatly concerned about the impact of RESs on the operational security and efficiency of their networks and more in general of the ENTSO-E interconnected system. Grid codes are to be revised in order to harmonise the rules regarding the connection of RES power plants. A main issue concerns frequency control: frequency is greatly affected by RESs intermittency and its deviations must be limited as much as possible in order to guarantee a suitable level of power quality. To improve frequency stability, in the future, Grid codes could extend frequency control requirements also to RES units, whereas today they are applied only to conventional power plants. Energy storage systems can be a possible solution to increase the flexibility and performance of RES power plants: they allow generators to modulate their power injections without wasting renewable energy. In this paper, the authors studied the suitability of extending frequency control to RES units integrating them with energy storage systems. In particular, the paper focuses on the impact of frequency control on the storage lifetime by analysing the power charge/discharge in response to real frequency oscillations.
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Karnovich, V. N., A. G. Vasilevskii, I. N. Usachev, G. A. Tregub, and V. M. Donenberg. "Engineering measures to ensure reliable operation of tidal electric power plants under heavy ice conditions." Hydrotechnical Construction 32, no. 12 (December 1998): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02443655.
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Vaimer, E. V. "Features of the Initiation of Cases of Administrative Offenses in the Field of Electricity." Juridical Science and Practice 15, no. 3 (2019): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0410-2019-15-3-48-53.
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The article examines the features of the stage of initiating a case of administrative offenses in the electric power industry, such as: typical reasons for initiating a case, various administrative jurisdictions that decide to initiate a case of administrative offenses. The paper analyzes the preliminary powers of state and municipal bodies to carry out control and supervision measures in the field of electric power, energy security and energy efficiency. The author of the article points out that the peculiarities of initiating cases of administrative offenses in the electric power industry are caused by a complex system of relations between electric power entities arising in the process of production, transmission of electric energy, operational dispatch control, sales and consumption of electric energy, as well as the importance of this sector of the economy in public and state life. The specific features of initiating cases of administrative offenses in the electric power industry are analyzed on the basis of administrative practice materials.
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Suleimenova, S. T., N. P. Kabulov, Zh Musiripsha, and Ye A. Ospanov. "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR CONTROL SMALL HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS." Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences, no. 3(7) (February 10, 2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53360/2788-7995-2022-1(5)-4.
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The problem of providing cheap electricity to both industrial enterprises and settlements has been and remains very relevant. More than 1 million people live in decentralized power supply zones. This is especially important for the remote areas of southern Kazakhstan, where there is no developed power transmission network, and the population receives electricity for 3-4 hours a day from a diesel-electric power station (DPP). The construction of small hydroelectric power plants (SHPPs) can change the living conditions of these people, ensure the energy security of the regions and contribute to the development of the economy. At present, when solving problems related to the reconstruction and construction of new small hydropower plants, it is necessary to apply inexpensive and effective solutions for automation and remote control of power plants without the constant presence of maintenance personnel. To effectively control and protect SHPs, a relatively large amount of functionality must be provided compared to larger power plants. A standardized intelligent electronic device (IED) can provide autonomous operation and prioritize safe water management. The IED shall be compact and integrated with the control of electrical and mechanical elements, including the water supply, communication, monitoring and protection system for small hydro power plants.
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Krupenev, Dmitry. "Determination of Critically Objects of Electric Power Systems from the Position of Energy Security." E3S Web of Conferences 58 (2018): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185803009.
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The paper deal the problem of definition and ranking of critical objects (CO) in electric power systems (EPS). The identification of the CO is necessary for the timely adoption of measures to organize the provision of the required level of energy security of the region where the object is location. The adequacy model is used for determine the critical objects of EPS, within the framework of which the simulation of the functioning of EPS during the given time interval is carried out, taking into account the main random factors affecting its operation. Approbation of the proposed approach is presented on the interconnected power system.
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Lee, Heon-Seok. "A Isolated LNG Power Plant and System of Neighboring Area Supporting." Korean Public Land Law Association 100 (November 30, 2022): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30933/kpllr.2022.100.227.
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LNG power generation is emerging as a new alternative. LNG power generation is said to have many environmental and economic advantages, with only 10% emission (emissions : urine output) and excellent efficiency such as facility management compared to thermal power generation such as coal. Accordingly, the government has also changed its policy stance in the direction of converting thermoelectric power plants into LNG power plants and has been providing various benefits to LNG power generation. For this reason, not only private enterprise operators but also public power generation companies are planning to change their facilities to LNG power plants or build new ones. Particularly noteworthy is that major companies, which have been consumers of electricity, are pushing for plans to build LNG power plants by themselves to produce and consume LNG power plants independently. Of course, since LNG power generation is environmentally and economically superior to existing thermal power generation, there is no need to oppose the expansion of LNG power plants. However, the reality is that they are not welcomed by the residents where the power plants are located. Nevertheless, many LNG power plants are already under construction across the country, and almost all of them are facing conflicts with residents. Therefore, in order for LNG power plants to become environmentally, socially, and economically useful and sustainable power generation facilities, legal and institutional measures should be prepared to correct the legislative deficiencies of the current ‘Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants - Neighboring Areas’ to dispel residents' concerns and opposition. Therefore, legislative adjustments should be made, such as significantly improving the current ‘Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants’. First of all, it should specify that LNG power plants are included in the current legislation, stipulate not only commercial power plants(utility generation power plants), but also isolated power plants(non-utility generation power plants), and clearly support corporate funding and obligations for their own isolated power plants. Second, it is to improve the unreasonable regulations of the existing Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants. For example, the scope of the surrounding area should be set around the living area based on the distance from the existing power generation facilities, and sufficient compensation and support should be provided according to the degree of damage to residents. Third, the most important thing is to form an independent and a permanent scheme that jointly investigates and monitors environmental damage, which can be said to be the core of the conflict. This should be the cornerstone of a governance organization, including a producer utility generation(including private power plants), government, resident, representatives, and environmental experts. We hope to become a sustainable power plant that is welcomed by residents through the revision of the Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants - Neighboring Areas.
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Lee, Heon-Seok. "A Isolated LNG Power Plant and System of Neighboring Area Supporting." Korean Public Land Law Association 100 (November 30, 2022): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30933/kpllr.2022.100.227.
Full textAbstract:
LNG power generation is emerging as a new alternative. LNG power generation is said to have many environmental and economic advantages, with only 10% emission (emissions : urine output) and excellent efficiency such as facility management compared to thermal power generation such as coal. Accordingly, the government has also changed its policy stance in the direction of converting thermoelectric power plants into LNG power plants and has been providing various benefits to LNG power generation. For this reason, not only private enterprise operators but also public power generation companies are planning to change their facilities to LNG power plants or build new ones. Particularly noteworthy is that major companies, which have been consumers of electricity, are pushing for plans to build LNG power plants by themselves to produce and consume LNG power plants independently. Of course, since LNG power generation is environmentally and economically superior to existing thermal power generation, there is no need to oppose the expansion of LNG power plants. However, the reality is that they are not welcomed by the residents where the power plants are located. Nevertheless, many LNG power plants are already under construction across the country, and almost all of them are facing conflicts with residents. Therefore, in order for LNG power plants to become environmentally, socially, and economically useful and sustainable power generation facilities, legal and institutional measures should be prepared to correct the legislative deficiencies of the current ‘Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants - Neighboring Areas’ to dispel residents' concerns and opposition. Therefore, legislative adjustments should be made, such as significantly improving the current ‘Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants’. First of all, it should specify that LNG power plants are included in the current legislation, stipulate not only commercial power plants(utility generation power plants), but also isolated power plants(non-utility generation power plants), and clearly support corporate funding and obligations for their own isolated power plants. Second, it is to improve the unreasonable regulations of the existing Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants. For example, the scope of the surrounding area should be set around the living area based on the distance from the existing power generation facilities, and sufficient compensation and support should be provided according to the degree of damage to residents. Third, the most important thing is to form an independent and a permanent scheme that jointly investigates and monitors environmental damage, which can be said to be the core of the conflict. This should be the cornerstone of a governance organization, including a producer utility generation(including private power plants), government, resident, representatives, and environmental experts. We hope to become a sustainable power plant that is welcomed by residents through the revision of the Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants - Neighboring Areas.
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Amalia, Sitti, Rafika Andari, and Jumadi Arif. "Comparison of Battery Electric Power Consumption in a Fingerprint System or a Motor Manual Lock System." PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33387/protk.v10i1.4285.
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Motorcycle security systems using fingerprint sensors are needed to avoid theft because of their high level of security compared to manual systems. This study underscores the importance of using this fingerprint sensor for motorcycle security. The formulation of the problem in this study is how much electricity is required in the motorcycle battery for this fingerprint security system. This system uses various components, such as the R503 fingerprint sensor, Arduino Uno, buzzer, 4-channel relay, ignition key, and motorcycle starter. Testing of this system is performed by inserting a finger in a wet, oily, dusty, or normal condition, and the result is that this sensor is capable of detecting the entire condition of the finger. Attempts to start a motorcycle with all ten fingers showed that the left index finger started faster under normal conditions, in 1.55 seconds compared to the manual method, which took 2.05 seconds longer. It also measures power consumption and calculates how long the battery can power this device. The result is that the battery can power this device for 180 hours without interruption
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Saeh, I. S., M. W. Mustafa, Y. S. Mohammed, and M. Almaktar. "Static Security classification and Evaluation classifier design in electric power grid with presence of PV power plants using C-4.5." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 56 (April 2016): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.054.
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Chowdhury, Nabin. "CS Measures for Nuclear Power Plant Protection: A Systematic Literature Review." Signals 2, no. 4 (November 4, 2021): 803–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/signals2040046.
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As digital instrumentation in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) is becoming increasingly complex, both attack vectors and defensive strategies are evolving based on new technologies and vulnerabilities. Continued efforts have been made to develop a variety of measures for the cyber defense of these infrastructures, which often consist in adapting security measures previously developed for other critical infrastructure sectors according to the requirements of NPPs. That being said, due to the very recent development of these solutions, there is a lack of agreement or standardization when it comes to their adoption at an industrial level. To better understand the state of the art in NPP Cyber-Security (CS) measures, in this work, we conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify scientific papers discussing CS frameworks, standards, guidelines, best practices, and any additional CS protection measures for NPPs. From our literature analysis, it was evidenced that protecting the digital space in NPPs involves three main steps: (i) identification of critical digital assets; (ii) risk assessment and threat analysis; (iii) establishment of measures for NPP protection based on the defense-in-depth model. To ensure the CS protection of these infrastructures, a holistic defense-in-depth approach is suggested in order to avoid excessive granularity and lack of compatibility between different layers of protection. Additional research is needed to ensure that such a model is developed effectively and that it is based on the interdependencies of all security requirements of NPPs.
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Yin, Xunhu, Huahua Wu, Huangxing Su, Zhiquan Meng, and Xingchao Yang. "Electricity-heat integrated agent modelling for participation in spot electricity market." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 983, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/983/1/012020.
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Abstract Due to the limitation of market rules, many small capacity power plants cannot directly participate in the spot electricity market, reducing the ability of the market to optimize the allocation of power generation resources. Among these power plants, the electric power output of some combined heat and power (CHP) plants is constrained by their heat output, which should be considered in the dispatch. Therefore, the electricity-heat integrated agents are defined and introduced to aggregate small capacity power plants and participate in the spot electricity market. Firstly, the model of electricity-heat integrated agents is formulated based on the aggregation of the internal generators and CHP units. Then, the framework of the spot electricity market with the participation of electricity-heat integrated agents is constructed. Moreover, the market clearing model is further developed by combining the electricity-heat integrated agent model and the security constrained unit commitment model. Simulation results in the case verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and technique.
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Wang, Guan, Chao Qin, Yan Li Huang, and Zhong Fu Tan. "Coal Transportation Network Optimization Model Based on Power Source Distribution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 740 (March 2015): 918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.740.918.
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Coal is the important fuel and industrial raw materials in my country, and it accounts for 70% of total energy production and consumption in our country, and power plants’ coal consumption accounts for more than half of national total coal consumption. The research of electric-coal supply chain related to coal production place, coal transit place and consumption place (power plant). Due to there are many nodes like these three kinds coal transportation in the market, so the project that integrates every nodes into unified transportation optimization network has the function of reducing coal consumption and saving transportation costs. The paper constructs coal transportation analysis model, electric-coal supply and transportation path dynamic optimization model based on electric-coal transportation network analysis, and make effective analysis for choosing electric-coal transportation path. The paper also puts forward electric-coal supply chain optimization measures from electric-coal supply chain integration and ports building.
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Zaorski, Maciej, and Krzysztof Rogowski. "Modern Conditions Of Radiation Safety In The Context Of Development Plans Of Nuclear Energy In Poland." TRANSACTIONS of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tvsbses-2015-0004.
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Abstract In the era of globalization, the issue of energy security is very important. Nuclear energy is an important component in the context of energy security. Despite the disasters and accidents of nuclear power plants this domain is booming and plays an important role in national energy systems. Hence planning a nuclear power plant in Poland is an extremely important issue. This project is part of the diversification of energy sources in Poland. Radiation safety is an important element of construction of a nuclear power plant. This is the whole system which consists of the legal, organizational and technical parts. The system comprises radiation environment protection and physical security along with measures protecting nuclear materials.
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Guseva, Yu V., S. A. Kostryukov, and A. R. Vasilev. "Laboratory model of the Savonius rotor." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 24, no. 3 (June 14, 2022): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-3-83-90.
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THE PURPOSE. Increasing the efficiency and efficiency of power plants based on renewable energy sources should be carried out by improving technological, constructive, organizational, legal, technical and economic measures. Proposals are given for the development of approaches to assessing the efficiency of wind power plants based on the Savonius rotor. The design parameters are substantiated and a physical model is created for a comprehensive study and performance characteristics in laboratory conditions.METHODS. Based on the methods of physical and mathematical modeling of structures and profiles of wind turbine blades, the technical and economic indicators of various profiles of the blades of the Savonius rotor are determined.RESULTS. The theoretical substantiation of the design and various profiles of the blades of the Savonius rotor is carried out. On the basis of a comprehensive study of performance characteristics in laboratory conditions, the values of the wind energy efficiency coefficient, the rotation frequency of the wind wheel profile, and electric power were established.CONCLUSION. The results of the study can be applied to substantiate the widespread use and creation of wind power plants with a Savonius rotor to ensure high-quality and reliable power supply to remote consumers of electric energy, the creation of isolated power systems and the further development of alternative energy sources in the domestic electric power industry
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Widiyanto, Anugerah, Seizo Kato, and Naoki Maruyama. "Optimizing Selection of Appropriate Power Generation Systems in Indonesia By Using Distance Based Approach Method." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 126, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1649740.
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A deterministic quantitative model has been developed to compare the technical, economical and environmental feature of various electric power generating plants. The model, which is based on matrix operations, is used in evaluating the various aspects of energy sources available for electricity generation systems in a developing country. Several energy sources which could be considered for production of electricity to meet current and future electricity demands have been chosen. These will include fossil fuel fired, nuclear, and natural-renewable energy power plants. And, a set of criteria for optimized selection includes five area of concerns: energy economy, energy security, environmental protection, socio-economic development and technological aspects for the electric power generations. The model developed in this study is applied to the Indonesian’s electric power sector development. Most of the data required are obtained from various sources related to power industry in Indonesia, such as the electricity generating authority of Indonesia (Perusahaan Listrik Negara, PLN), Government of Indonesia, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, United Nations, and other sources, both in published and public domains. The result of this study will be a ranking of energy sources for Indonesia power generation systems based on the Euclidean composite distance of each alternative to the designated optimal source of energy.
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Gibadullin, Arthur, Valery Abramov, Tufa Usmanova, Svetlana Bryukhovetskaya, Andrei Borisov, and Olga Afanasieva. "Ensuring energy security in the context of the implementation of import substitution and innovative development policies." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 11018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016411018.
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The study is aimed at studying energy security in the electricity sector and developing measures aimed at increasing the share of domestic innovative equipment. The paper analyzes indicators related to the amount of installed capacity, the output and commissioning of power equipment and the share of foreign equipment used. As a result of the analysis, an increase in equipment depreciation, a drop in the indicators of qualitative renewal of fixed assets, and a high share of foreign-made equipment were revealed. At the end of the study, measures were proposed that allow for a better policy in the field of import substitution and innovative development of the electric power complex.
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Metelkov, A. "Nuclear terrorism: Assessment of the danger of Nuclear Power Plant air strikes." National Security and Strategic Planning 2021, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2021-3-39-46.
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The article analyzes the problem of possible threats with the use of aircraft captured by terrorists or controlled unmanned aerial vehicles in relation to nuclear energy use facilities. In the context of preventing acts of nuclear terrorism, the urgent task is to protect nuclear facilities from deliberate attacks by civilian airliners operated by terrorists. On the basis of the materials of publications, the influence of external extreme loads acting on the design of nuclear power plants, their features during the fall of aircraft of different types is studied. As a conclusion, the author notes that improving the safety of nuclear power plants and other radiation-hazardous facilities, minimizing possible consequences from aircraft strikes are important areas in risk management and their protection from acts of nuclear terrorism by combining organizational measures to combat terrorism and nuclear security measures.
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Ivaniuta, Serhii. "NEW THREATS TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUCLEAR SECURITY DUE TO RUSSIAN MILITARY AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE." InterConf, no. 14(113) (June 20, 2022): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.06.2022.037.
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Complex of new threats to environmental and nuclear security because of russian military aggression against Ukraine is analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that critical infrastructure of the state, including nuclear power plants, is under constant threat of shelling, which increases the risk of man-made disasters of cross-border distribution. A set of measures to mitigate threats to environmental and nuclear security because of russian military aggression against Ukraine are offered.
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Jung, Woojong. "Impact of Electric Power Pricing Reforms on the Japan’s Industry and Household Sector." Business Administration and Management 2, no. 1 (September 14, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/bam.v2i1.763.
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<p align="justify">After the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, Japan had an opportunity to advance its economic and energy policies to pursue stable energy supply, economic efficiency, environmental security, and safety. The accident not only raised concerns regarding the safety of nuclear power plants but also increased awareness regarding the effect of energy import growth on the economy and related issues such as the effect of imports on Japan’s international competitiveness. This study simulates the impact on electricity prices using three potential scenarios for Japan. According to the results, the consumer price index (CPI) was larger than the corporate goods price index (CGPI) for Japan in all cases. In the simulation results, the CPI was observed to have an increased effect of 0.88%–3.59% against a 0.84%–3.41% increase in the CGPI. The surge in electricity prices significantly impacted the supply of electricity, gas, and heating and also the business services sector. The cost of policies that maintain safety, the increase in costs resulting from the overseas importation of fossil fuels, and the cost of promoting renewable energy in conjunction with the reutilization of nuclear power plants leading to higher electricity prices will also be considered in the future.</p>
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Rykov, Ivan. "RISKS OF NON-PAYMENTS IN ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Russian Journal of Management 10, no. 1 (April 19, 2022): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2022-10-1-76-80.
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The article examines the key aspects of the problem of non-payments in the domestic electric power industry, shows the impact of non-payments on the general state and level of economic security of economic entities engaged in the generation, transportation and distribution of electricity between end consumers, and also notes the relationship existing between the low level of payment discipline at different levels of the industry and its systemic difficulties. Based on the authors' assessment of the trends observed with respect to the volume and quality of debt in the domestic retail electricity market of the Russian Federation, a conclusion is made about the consistent deterioration of the situation and the need for urgent implementation of measures aimed at its normalization. It also highlights the main risk factors of non-payments for electricity from utilities, shows the reasons for the low efficiency of measures traditionally used to reduce the amount of debt and suggests alternative solutions, the most important of which, according to the authors, may be the creation of centers of competence for debt management in the electric power industry.
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Osak, Alexey, and Elena Buzina. "Analysis of flexibility of power systems as the method for analyzing a power system security in modern conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601026.
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In modern conditions, when there is a mass construction of small power plants based on renewable sources, the installation of power storage devices is gaining pace, consumers ' electrical installations are being modified, they are becoming adaptive and intelligent, there is a process of mass appearance of electric vehicles, and a revision of traditional provisions in the field of system reliability of power systems is required. Scientific research in the field of EPS flexibility has recently been intensified, and this flexibility is considered in a fairly broad setting. It is important to note that the issues of EPS flexibility are not new, but the term “flexibility” was not used to refer to this issue before, although all the main issues were considered within the framework of the topic of system reliability and development of EES, and the issue of continuity of modern research with previous scientific research and existing scientific results is important. Traditionally, one of the aspects of system reliability has been the power security of the EPS, which refers to the ability of the system to withstand sudden disturbances without unintended impacts on electricity consumers. At the same time, the analysis of power security was mainly performed only in the volume of the system-forming power gird of the EPS. For the power systems of the future, the importance of power security increases significantly, but as an analysis of the power security of the system-forming and distribution power grids together.
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Banjac, Milan, Dejan Djukanovic, and Milan Petrovic. "Techno-economic analysis of gas turbine-based CHP plant operation under a feed-in tariff system." Thermal Science 24, no. 6 Part B (2020): 4103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200103150b.
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This paper deals with the techno-economic analysis of gas turbine-based combined heat and power production, within a current local legislation frame for the promotion of such production of energy in the Republic of Serbia. Since the legisla?tion includes plants with electric power below 10 MW, an overview of the relevant technical characteristics for a number of appropriate gas turbines was prepared. The relevant thermodynamic parameters are calculated in order to estimate the economic feasibility of combined heat and power production using these plants. The production cost of useful heat is determined by taking into account the incomes from the sale of electricity to the electric grid under a feed-in tariff. It is compared with the production cost from an equivalent boiler for the separate production of the heat. One of the main objectives is to determine the effectiveness of the implemented legislative measures in the promotion of combined production of heat and power. Clear conclusions were drawn based on the results obtained.
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Lezhniuk, Petro, Olha Buslavets, and Olena Rubanenko. "BALANSING OF POWER AND ELECTRICITY IN THE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY CRITERIONAL METHOD." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 1 (2) (July 2, 2021): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2021.01.09.
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This article considers the features of the development of renewable energy sources in electrical networks. The main changes in the functional properties of power systems, which include a significant reduction in electricity consumption, change in the structure of electricity consumption, rapid increase in the installed capacity of solar and wind power plants. Electricity consumption in 2020 is almost halved compared to 1990 (from 227 to 119 billion kWh) and as a consequence the share of semi-peak thermal generation, which gave the power system basic flexibility, has significantly decreased (from 71 % in 1990 to 35 % in 2020) and at the same time the share of nuclear generation, which operates in base mode, has increased (from 25 % to 51 %). In particular, consumption by industry with a stable load schedule, decreased (from 146 billion kWh (64 %) to 49 billion kWh (42 %)). At the same time, the demand for electricity by the households, whose consumption profile of which is characterized by significant daily unevenness and sensitivity to meteorological factors, has significantly increased (from 21 billion kWh (9 %) to 37 billion kWh (31 %)). Therefore, the article analyses the preconditions for the problem of flexible generation and explores possible ways to solve them. The optimal composition of electricity generation for Ukraine in the period 2021–2025 is proposed, which provides for the preservation and even increase by optimizing the repair campaign of the share of electricity production by nuclear power plants, the introduction of additional 2–2.5 GW of highly flexible generation and up to 2 GW storage systems (taking into account the pumped-storage power plant), as well as a gradual evolutionary decline in both installed capacity and electricity production by semi-peak coal-fired power plants and maintaining a policy of decarbonisation to ensure its own energy security. A comprehensive approach to compensating for the instability of renewable energy sources generation has been developed, which consists in minimizing the cost of power redundancy in various available ways. The problem of cost optimization for ways to compensate for the instability of renewable energy sources generation is solved by the method of criterion programming. The impact of each backup method on total costs is determined using sensitivity theory.
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D., SOBCHUK, and DOBROVOLSKA L. "DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TOOLS AND ALGORITHMS FOR CORRECTING THE MODEL OF POWER SUPPLY OF INDUSTRIAL AND CIVIL OBJECTS." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 27, no. 2 (November 28, 2022): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2022-2-52-57.
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The purpose of the work is the development of algorithms and information tools to increase the reliability of istribution electric networks and improve the quality of electricity supply of industrial and civil objects due to decentralized Electricity generation. Today, for the energy security of Ukraine, the energy sector is moving from a purely centralized model of electricity supply to consumers, the basis of which are powerful TPPs and nuclear power plants, to a combined one, when part of the electricity is produced by decentralized generation in RES sources of electricity. By distributed generation (RG) we understand sources of electric energy connected directly to the distribution network or connected to such a network from the side of electricity consumers. The wide spread of distributed generation is primarily associated with the appearance of highly efficient gas turbine and steam-gas plants and the development of renewable sources of electricity. Among them, wind power plants (SPP) and direct conversion solar power plants (SPP) have become the most widespread. The introduction of RG in electrical networks, especially built on the basis of renewable energy sources (RES), in addition to reducing the ecological burden on the environment and solving many problems associated with waste emissions during the production of electricity, will allow, firstly, to significantly increase the efficiency of the use of primary resources and , in the future, to reduce the cost of electricity; secondly, it will unload both the system-forming and trunk and distribution electric networks. However, this process has both positive and negative consequences for the functioning of RES. The integration of RES into the electric power system is complicated by the fact that the existing RES were designed and operated with a focus on centralized power supply. The growth of the share of RES in the total balance of electricity generates new problems and tasks that are not typical for the past period. They are connected, first of all, with the instability of RES generation due to their natural dependence on the influence of the environment.
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Beloborodov, Sergey S., and Aleksey A. Dudolin. "Prospects for Combined Generation of Heat and Electricity at a Combined Heat and Power Plant in a Modern Power System." Vestnik MEI 5, no. 5 (2020): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2020-5-54-66.
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Given the climatic and geographical conditions of the Russian Federation, the development of cogeneration should become the main line of measures aimed at increasing the energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the country. However, the implementation of programs for development of renewable energy sources (RES) and nuclear power plants (NPP) entails risks of decreasing the amount of combined generation of electricity and heat by combined heat and power plants (CHPP) in the daily load curve base part. The current state of the wholesale market of electric power is characterized by critical conditions for the existing CHPPs in the first price zone of the wholesale market. The electric power cost formed from competitive power bid (CPB) results is such that the incomes earned by heat generating facilities are insufficient for fully covering the costs of their overhauls and modernization of their equipment. The “old” heat generation facilities, including CHPPs, subsidize the development of combined cycle power plants (CCPPs), RES, hydroelectric power plants (HPPs), and NPPs. The Russian Federation energy system development projects must be elaborated taking into account the results from a multivariate analysis of operational, technical, technological, economic, environmental, and social aspects. The heat supply schemes for cities and municipalities are developed subject to ensuring the preset level of reliability with minimizing its cost for the end customer. The minimum cost of heat supply can only be achieved for the optimal structure of heat and electricity generation capacities. This structure must incorporate equipment able to operate in the base, semi-peak, and peak parts of the daily electric load curve, and provide a power margin for passing seasonal maximums in the consumption of electricity and heat. The main milestones of the establishment and evolution of the energy system of Russia are considered. The main trends are shown along with the problems that have arisen in the operation of cogeneration power facilities in connection with the influence of new energy sources. The experience gained in leading foreign countries that have introduced RES is analyzed, and the influence of these sources on the power system balance is studied. The prospects of using combined electricity and heat generating facilities represented by highly maneuverable small- and medium-capacity gas turbine-based CHPPs in the semi-peak and peak parts of the daily electric load curve are analyzed.
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Sigitov, Oleg Yu, and Nailia Sh Chemborisova. "Wind Farms Placement in an Electric Power System." Vestnik MEI 1, no. 1 (2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2021-1-21-32.
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Specific conditions of wind farms operation require special treatment of the wide range of aspects, in particular, calculation of the parameters characterizing the influence of wind farms on the power system operation regime and efficient practical representation of data calculated for a long period of time. The aim of the study is to formulate a method for placing the totality of wind farms in the electric power system (EPS). To this end, it is necessary to estimate the influence of wind farms on the EPS operation regime main parameters. For carrying out the study, methods for statistical processing of big databases, optimization methods, and numerical methods were used. Computational experiments were carried out in the Microsoft Office Excel software package. Based on the study results, criteria have been obtained using which it is possible to determine the most suitable places for the installation of wind farms, for example, to reduce the fluctuations in the EPS generation schedule. In addition, the values of the revealed indicators are used to evaluate the possibility of controlling the existing conventional power plants and identify measures for widening the adjustment range. The larger the capacity of wind farms, the more significant their influence is; however, the negative component of this influence decreases if many wind farms operate in the power system. By using the developed method, the most rational nodes of the EPC can be selected using the identified criteria at the design stage in determining the wind farms installation places. The accomplished studies have yielded a simple and practically applicable approach to determining the most optimal wind farm placement sites.