Academic literature on the topic 'Electric power plants security measures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Electric power plants security measures"
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Грабчак, Е. П., Е. Л. Логинов, and М. А. Шурупов. "Increasing the operation reliability of power plants under impact conditions geoinducted currents generated disturbances of the Earth’s magnetic field during geomagnetic storm." Vestnik of Russian New University. Series «Complex systems: models, analysis, management», no. 4 (January 10, 2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/rnu.v9187.21.04.p.068.
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Статья посвящена обеспечению надежности и безопасности работы объектов электроэнергетики в условиях воздействия геоиндуктированных токов, генерируемых возмущениями магнитного поля Земли в периоды геомагнитных бурь. Рассматриваются мероприятия по этой проблеме, включенные в проект «Стратегия обеспечения безопасности Единой энергетической системы России в условиях естественных и искусственных электромагнитных воздействий». Сформулированы пути повышения надежности работы объектов электроэнергетики для предотвращения вероятных чрезвычайных ситуаций в регионах России с повышенным уровнем геоиндуцированных токов. The article is devoted to ensuring the reliability and safety of the operation of electric power facilities under the influence of geoinduced currents generated by disturbances of the Earth’s magnetic field during periods of geomagnetic storms. Measures on this problem, included in the draft “Strategies for ensuring the security of the Unified Energy System of Russia in the conditions of natural and artificial electromagnetic influences” are considered. The ways of increasing the reliability of the electric power facilities to prevent possible emergencies in the regions of Russia with an increased level of geoinduced currents are formulated.
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Šmelcerović, Miodrag, and Pavle Trpeski. "ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF THE HYDROPOWER PLANTS OF THE FUTURE." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 47, no. 1 (August 16, 2021): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij4701191s.
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The impact of hydropower plants on the environment varies greatly, depending on site-specific mitigation measures and production strategies: if badly managed, hydropower production can reduce biodiversity and can significantly degrade fluvial ecosystems and associated ecosystem services.Ocean waves are an immense, unused source of energy. Since global attention is nowadays constantly being drawn to the fact that the level of CO2 is rising, creating the so called “greenhouse effect”, and influencing further climate changes, the focus on generating electricity from renewable sources forces itself as an important area of future research. The possibility to exploit the energy potential created by sea waves indisputably exists. Various researches conducted in the field of unused energy sources prove the necessity of seriously considering this potential of sea waves. The illustration of this point in noted in a recently performed estimation that up to 15 per cent of current UK electricity demand could be met by wave energy, and when this is combined with tidal stream generation, even up to 20 per cent of the UK demand for electrical power could be met. This paper introduces the readers to the topic of water power, as a natural source of renewable energy, investigating the possibility of using power of waves as one of the technically and ecologically appropriate solutions of exploiting this renewable natural source. It is a fact widely acknowledged that climate change and global warming are the number-one challenge of the contemporary world; practically every available research predicts that with the current rate of development the world is heading for at least 2, and even more likely 3-4, degrees warmer climate by the end of this century. As energy production and use account for two-thirds of global greenhouse-gas emissions, the energy industry is in a key role to cut emissions – while powering economic growth, boosting energy security and increasing energy access. In view of this, hydropower can make a major contribution to climate change mitigation. Not only is hydropower practically CO₂-free, thus eliminating its possible contribution to the greenhouse effect, but it is also both more efficient and flexible compared with existing fossil alternatives for base load and balancing power. Even though the world is aware of the potential of hydropower, and despite the fact that many wave energy devices are nowadays being investigated, most of these are currently at the research and development stage, with only a small range of devices having been tested at large scale, deployed in the oceans. Thus, one of the goals of this paper would be to present the technology used to turn the power of waves unto electric power, as well as the various types of turbines and devices which represent the latest technological achievements in this area. The goal of this paper is also to present the existing devices, their manner of functioning, and their efficiency and safety from the environmental aspect. It is also important to note that hydropower’s own overall environmental impact is limited, thus making hydropower more benevolent to the environment than other energy sources that have been exploited so far.
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PRYDATKO, I., Oleksandr Kollarov, N. TYUTYUNNYK, and D. KARDASH. "Development of alternative energy of Ukraine in the context of energy and environmental security of the state." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 23, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2020-2-87-91.
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Increased greenhouse gas emissions, climate change; loss of diversity of fauna and flora, depletion of mineral deposits, accumulation of huge volumes of industrial waste, increasing risks of shortages of some types of energy has led to the development and reaching new levels of renewable energy in many countries, mainly with strong economies. To date, a number of EU countries have virtually abandoned traditional nuclear energy, virtually curtailed fuel energy using nonrenewable fossil resources, and are working hard to develop new energy-saving technologies. In Ukraine, there is a similar tendency to reduce the production of electricity from thermal power plants and increase the share of renewable energy in total production. Unfortunately, in 2020 the structure of electricity production in Ukraine has changed and does not correspond to global trends in energy development. The share of electricity generation at TPPs has increased significantly, and the share of cleaner and cheaper NPP generation has decreased to 40%. There are a number of reasons for this, but we consider it urgent to return to the process of reducing TPP generation capacity. The dynamics of renewable energy development in the country is quite positive. Additional measures are also needed to ensure the safety of nuclear energy - to finally eliminate dependence on Russian fuel. Many countries have decided to abandon cars with internal combustion engines altogether. In Ukraine, the market for electric cars is also developing and the demand for such cars is growing every month. We are among the top 5 countries in terms of market development dynamics. The development of car designs with so-called "nuclear batteries" cannot be ruled out. There are many such technologies, but all of them are currently unfinished and limited in the use of security issues. It is necessary to stimulate the development of hydrogen and electric transport in our country at the legislative level. And last but not least: in order to form a philosophy of ecological consumption among the citizens of Ukraine, it is necessary to develop appropriate government programs, introduce them in education, science and industrial production
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Dobrowolski, Zbysław. "Energy and Local Safety: How the Administration Limits Energy Security." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 4841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164841.
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Energy safety is multifaceted and is not limited only to nuclear plants. The research on local energy safety is not considerable. This article creates new ground by analysing the Polish local energy safety system in the cause–effect context. Consistent with an abductive approach, this paper’s insights have emerged iteratively based on the theory reviewed and the empirical case. The research aimed to determine whether the local administration negatively affected energy security and proposed preventive measures increased limited energy security. The findings show that flawed local government operations reduce local energy safety. Moreover, the State authorities did not recognise the weaknesses of the local energy safety system properly. The findings make two main contributions: first, they contribute to developing energy safety theory; and second, this article contributes to a further contextual diagnosis of the comprehensive energy system and can, in turn, be relevant for its further studies in worldwide context.
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Coronas, Sergio, Jordi de la Hoz, Àlex Alonso, and Helena Martín. "23 Years of Development of the Solar Power Generation Sector in Spain: A Comprehensive Review of the Period 1998–2020 from a Regulatory Perspective." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041593.
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Spain has become one of the leading countries in the world in promoting electricity generation from renewable energy sources (RES), due to their positive socioeconomic and environmental impacts, through highly favorable regulatory frameworks and public incentives set by Spanish governments mainly during the first decade of 2000s, i.e., Royal Decree (RD) 2818/1998, RD 436/2004 and RD 661/2007. Conversely, the highly favorable regime applicable to RES, and specifically to solar power plants during the 1998–2008 promotion period turned into an extremely unfavorable scenario during the 2008–2020 cost-containment stage, characterized by the dismantling of the previous promotion schemes so as to reduce the skyrocketing electricity system tariff deficit, in which regulations such as RD 1578/2008, Royal Decree Law (RDL) 6/2009, RDL 14/2010, RDL 1/2012, Law 15/2012, RDL 9/2013, Law 24/2013 and RD 413/2014 stood out. Nonetheless, the Spanish renewable sector, and especially the solar power sector, has shown great dynamism in its energy policy in the period 1998–2020. This academic contribution provides a comprehensive review of the energy policy evolution for the whole solar power sector in Spain, specifically both solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, over the last 23 years. Thus, considering both the boom in the solar power sector as well as the solar sector’s bust, a survey of the different legislation in force during the 1998–2020 period, as well as of the existing academic literature dealing with this issue, is conducted to first contextualize and describe, and then carefully assess, the last 23 years of solar energy policy in Spain. In brief, the decisive role of the Spanish government in developing the RES sector, and especially the solar power sector, in recent years has been noted. In this vein, a good planning of the energy development model, the regulatory stability, the simplicity and agility of the corresponding administrative process, the appropriate design of support mechanisms, as well as security and predictability of support levels in the mid and long term, play an important role in providing certainty to all the stakeholders. During the 1998–2008 promotion stage, even with a stable, quite favorable and easily predictable RES support mechanism in place, the Spanish solar system behaved as an open-loop system without any control structure detecting and reacting to problematic situations. The fact that the Spanish government was compelled to implement ex-post measures during the period 2008–2020, seriously jeopardizing the viability of the power plants in operation, as well as compromising the legal–economic stability of the renewable energy sector, clearly indicated a malfunctioning of the energy policy control mechanism. In essence, it is hoped that the lessons extracted from this 23-year comprehensive review of the Spanish solar power sector pathway could be quite useful for other countries either in the initial development stage or fully immersed in the promotion of solar power sector or any other renewable technology.
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Rudenko, D., and A. Dominik. "INFLUENCE OF HEAT FLOW ON MULTI-FUNCTIONAL ROBOTIC MODULE DURING EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN MINES." Fire Safety, no. 33 (December 31, 2018): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.33.2018.11.
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Conclusion.Coal is used as a technological raw material in the ferrous metallurgy and chemical industry for the production of mineral fertilizers and plastics, and coal is used as energy raw material for the production of electricity at thermal power plants, for heating residential and public buildings. The unsatisfactory state of the coal industry is due to interaction over a fairly long period of a number of factors, which by their nature have both objective and subjective character.
Purpose.In order to enter the market economy, the branch needs restructuring, the main objectives of which are the formation of competitive coal enterprises, the consistent reduction of state support to the enterprises of the industry, the use of less energy consuming extractive equipment, the improvement of safety at work in mines, the provision of trouble-free work, as well as social security of industry workers.
Methods. Empirical and theoretical methods.
Results. In the event of a fire in the mining area of the mine and subsequent possible destruction of the elements of the bearing structures of the mining shaft, as already noted earlier, in many cases it is necessary to extinguish and rescue. The presence of combustion products makes it difficult to carry out these measures. Combustion products are characterized by a high temperature (over 1000 °C), which leads to the failure of the electronic (control system) and electrical equipment (rechargeable batteries, electric motors) of the robotic module.
The heat flux studied also negatively affects the work of the robotic module. According to the technical instructions, rechargeable batteries can only operate at temperatures below 72 ºС. To protect the batteries from the heat flow, they are placed under the protective cover. However, the protective cover over time heats up and begins to heat the internal space of the robotic module, which increases the temperature of the battery. In order to provide the normal working conditions, it is necessary to install an additional insulating layer in addition to the metal cover of the multifunctional module, and from the outside it should be washed with a water solution.
Introduction. Based on the calculations of the proposed conditions of torch combustion and experimental studies, it has been established that the time of continuous work of the robotic module is 50 minutes, but when extinguishing in the places of mine workings of the mine, the maneuverability is limited and therefore this time increases. On the other hand, the heat flow should not heat the module within the specified time to the critical temperature achieved by the system of cooling the surface.
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Dubickiy, Mihail. "OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY THE SECURITY OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2018, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-2018-1-139-139.
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The main classes of tasks of the methodical plan within which questions of safety of
power systems are considered are allocated. The article considers the main tasks ensure the safety of
nuclear power plants.
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Zhang, Tong, Ke He Wu, and Wei Li. "Research and Design of the Security Area Classification Model of Electric Power Information System." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.519.
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Because of the special position of electric power industry in national economy and social life, electric power information security has been given particular attention. In recent years, the security defense of Electric Power Information System has been all under the principle of security area classification, which applies different security defense measures for the information systems in different security level. However, because of lacking theory guidance, the recent method of security area classification is not in accord with the requirements of real production and management, and security threaten occurs at times. In order to meet the requirements of real production and management and the needs of security area classification defense in Electric Power Information System, based on the theory of network business security, a new security area classification model of Electric Power Information System has been proposed, and the access rules of the information transmission and sharing between different security areas have also been proposed. The new security area classification model can provide theoretical basis for security area classification in Electric Power Information System, and can deal with the conflict between the requirements of real production and the needs of information security.
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Liu, Jiu, Le Shen, and Kakon Sultana. "Ensuring Information Disclosure and Environmental Impact on Nanoradioactive Operation of Civil Nuclear Facilities in China." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (October 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5908166.
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Japan was struck by a massive earthquake that triggered a tsunami in March 2011, which led to a severe nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of the Tokyo Electric Power Company. Now, more than 10 years later, it is widely acknowledged that the civil nuclear industry is of great importance in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving natural environmental quality, and safeguarding national energy security. Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, which have gained wide consideration in recent years, have shown a wide variety of application potentials in the future nuclear energy system. Thus, China has been developing its civil nuclear industry throughout the years, despite the nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan. As a result, China is currently one of the countries with the most nuclear power plants. However, due to the potential radioactive risk, the public has an instinctive fear of civil nuclear development. To alleviate the public’s antinuclear sentiment, the Nuclear Safety Law was formally implemented in 2018, and Measures for Disclosure of Nuclear Safety Information were issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China in 2020, both stipulating that the public has the right to obtain information about nuclear safety and be involved in related activities. The purpose of such legislation is to eliminate the public’s doubts and phobia about the development of the civil nuclear industry. However, challenges still exist. Although such suggestions have been proposed, such as information disclosure and social involvement should begin as early as the siting of such nuclear facilities, mechanisms to provide sufficient compensation to the public living near nuclear facilities should be established, and these suggestions still have not been applied in the law of China and either not been practiced exactly so far. So, even though all the suggestions have strong feasibility themselves under today’s circumstances in China, it is not easy to judge the effectiveness of these suggestions until they are fully practiced. It is the biggest problem of existing works in this paper. To highlight the serious problems in information disclosure and public involvement in the siting and construction of civil nuclear facilities, several case studies were investigated as the major methodology in this research. Moreover, a legislation study was used to analyze the current content of related legislation and regulations. A qualitative methodology was also adopted to summarize the legal problems surrounding information disclosure and social involvement during the siting and construction of civil nuclear facilities. Information disclosure and public participation still face several obstacles in China, even though laws and regulations guarantee people the right to access available information and take part in pertinent decision-making. This is particularly true when it comes to the siting and construction of civil nuclear facilities. Thus, in the last several years, several antinuclear incidents have been initiated by the public due to a lack of information and mechanisms to participate. According to the examined cases, information disclosure and public involvement are still not sufficient during the siting of nuclear facilities. A relevant compensation mechanism for people living around nuclear facilities has not been established, and public education on basic nuclear safety is lacking. Therefore, public involvement cannot be completely realized. To ensure information disclosure and public involvement in civil nuclear facilities, this article proposes that information disclosure and social involvement begin as early as the siting of such facilities. Furthermore, operators of nuclear facilities and local governments should establish mechanisms to provide sufficient preventive compensation to the public living near nuclear facilities and attempt to popularize the science of nuclear safety to avoid public misunderstanding.
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Skotnes, Ruth Østgaard. "Management commitment and awareness creation – ICT safety and security in electric power supply network companies." Information & Computer Security 23, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-02-2014-0017.
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Purpose – This paper aims to follow-up on previous research by studying the degree of management commitment to information and communication technology (ICT) safety and security within network companies in the electric power supply sector, implementation of awareness creation and training measures for ICT safety and security within these companies and the relationship between these two variables. Design/methodology/approach – Data were mainly collected through a survey among users of ICT systems in network companies within the Norwegian electric power supply sector. In addition, qualitative data were gathered through interviews with representatives from the regulatory authorities, and observation studies were conducted at ICT safety and security conferences. Findings – In accordance with previous research, our survey data showed a statistically significant correlation between management commitment to ICT safety and security and implementation of awareness creation and training measures. The majority of survey respondents viewed the degree of management commitment to ICT safety and security within their own organization as high, even though qualitative studies showed contradictory results. The network companies had implemented awareness creation and training measures to a varying degree. However, interactive awareness measures were used to a lesser extent than formal one-way communication methods. Originality/value – The paper provides insight into management commitment to and implementation of awareness creation and training measures for ICT safety and security within network companies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electric power plants security measures"
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Fuloria, Shailendra. "Robust security for the electricity network." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610100.
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Sridharan, Venkatraman. "Cyber security in power systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43692.
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Many automation and power control systems are integrated into the 'Smart Grid' concept for efficiently managing and delivering electric power. This integrated approach created several challenges that need to be taken into consideration such as cyber security issues, information sharing, and regulatory compliance. There are several issues that need to be addressed in the area of cyber security. Currently, there are no metrics for evaluating cyber security and methodologies to detect cyber attacks are in their infancy. There is a perceived lack of security built into the smart grid systems, but there is no mechanism for information sharing on cyber security incidents. In this thesis, we discuss the vulnerabilities in power system devices, and present ideas and a proposal towards multiple-threat system intrusion detection. We propose to test the multiple-threat methods for cyber security monitoring on a multi-laboratory test bed, and aid the development of a SCADA test bed, to be constructed on the Georgia Tech Campus.
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Rader, Jordan D. "Loss of normal feedwater ATWS for Vogtle Electric Generating Plant using RETRAN-02." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31741.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Nuclear Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Abdel-Khalik, Said I.; Committee Member: Ghiaasiaan, S. Mostafa; Committee Member: Hertel, Nolan E. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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(9875279), A. Rodero. "An alarm diagnosis expert system." Thesis, 1998. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/An_alarm_diagnosis_expert_system/13425347.
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Project aims to create a software package that allows non-specialised personnel to implement a Knowledge (Rule)base from very specific information supplied by experts in the field.. The aim of the project was to create a software package that would allow non-specialised personnel to implement a Knowledge (Rule)base from very specific information supplied by experts in the field. The expert system was developed for a specific area of the plant due to excessive time that would have been required to develop a complete system. The value or usefulness of any Expert System is determined by how well it fulfils the tasks that it was designed to accomplish. In order to achieve these goals a two-fold co-ordinated approach was developed and implemented. Firstly the architecture was designed to allow a solid and problem free growth of the knowledge (Rule)base. This design involved consideration of core issues, such as the suitability of the chosen software environment, clear and realistic performance objectives, and adequate hardware amongst others. The second point of consideration was, to produce a development environment that would smnplify the process of modifications to the knowledge (Rule)base withoult direct involvement by the expert system developer.
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"Protecting the physical layer: threats and countermeasures to communication system and smart power grid." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884316.
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Bi, Suzhi.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-119).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
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Escobar, Santoro Mauro. "Security and Statistics on Power Grids." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-987s-6q56.
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Improving the functioning and the safety of the electrical grids is a topic of great concern, given its magnitude and importance in today's world. In this thesis, we focus in these two subjects.
In the first part, we study undetectable cyber-physical attacks on power grids, which are attacks that involve physical disruptions, including tripping lines and load modifications, and sensor output alterations. We propose a sophisticated attack model described under the full Alternating Current (AC) power flow equations and show its feasibility on large grids from a test cases library. As counter-measures, we propose different defensive strategies that the network's controller can apply under a suspected cyber attack. These are random, simple and fast procedures that change the voltages across the network and aim to unmask the current status of the system, assuming that the attacker cannot react against their randomness.
Secondly, with access to data collected through Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) by a power utility in the United States, we perform statistical analyses on the frequency and voltage time series that have been recorded at a rate of 30 Hz. We focus on intervals of time where the sampled data shows to be in steady-state conditions and, with the use of appropriate signal processing filters, we are able to extract hidden anomalies such as spatio-temporal correlations between sensors and harmonic distortions.
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Mavee, Sheu Menete Alexandre. "Smart grid critical information infrastructure protection through multi-agency." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13845.
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M.Com. (Informatics)Critical Infrastructure is the term used to describe assets that are of utmost importance, or in other words, essential in the functioning of an environment. Societies depend on their critical infrastructure in order to maintain and continuously improve on their population’s standard of living. The creation of more self-sustainable methods of energy consumption and generation drives towards the creation of a better and more efficient evolution of the power grid critical infrastructure, named the smart grid. The introduction of the smart grid brought in a paradigm shift towards the practices used to manage the generation and distribution of electric power. The introduction of highly capable information systems to intrinsically work with current power grid technologies provided the ability to enhance economic and environmental efficiency of power systems. Although providing a wide variety of benefits, such information systems also created new points of vulnerabilities, which if exploited, place the smart grid at risk of disruptions. In order to address the security issues that occur at the application and data exchange level of smart grid information systems, the dissertation proposed the use of a security model to protect the smart grid. The Multi-Agent Smart Grid Security (MA-SGS) model is based on the use of multiple autonomous intelligent software agents which attempt to create operational stability and efficiency in the smart grid...
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Chetty, Vanisha Gonasagaree. "The combating of unauthorised electrical connections in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25009.
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Text in English, with English, Afrikaans and Zulu summariesThis study was conducted owing to the protracted problem and challenges that unauthorised electrical connections pose to electricity utilities. This study sought to contribute to the combating of unauthorised electrical connections in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which has never before been studied in this manner. Considerable revenue is stolen from utilities because of unauthorised electrical connections, by-passing of electrical meters and tampering with electricity networks. This contributes to public safety risks, fatalities, property damage and overloading of electrical networks. This in turn causes transformer and electricity network overload and power supply failure, prolonged unplanned power cuts, loss of jobs, food security risk, serious poor economic development, damaged electrical infrastructure, loss of revenue, electricity disruptions, electric shock, and the burning of dwellings. This leads to the interruption of supply to legal and compliant customers, all with disastrous effects. It is therefore difficult to manage the supply and demand of electricity under these circumstances, more especially in this period when South Africa faces a tight electricity supply. In this dissertation, the international and national perspectives reveal the nature and extent of unauthorised electrical connections. It was explored how unauthorised electrical connections are presently being combated and what specific security measures may be implemented to enhance the combating of unauthorised electrical connections. A case study design was used to investigate in greater detail the opinions, views, perceptions and experiences of the targeted interviewees using interviewing, site observation and case docket analysis. This design guided the use of specific sample groups, procedures and techniques used for data collection and analysis. The design and development of the different data collection instruments and the piloting of the instruments were implemented to ensure validity, reliability, accuracy and trustworthiness of the collected information. The study produced findings to assist electricity utilities to better manage this phenomenon. Recommendations were formulated to assist stakeholders to improve their roles in the combating of unauthorised electrical connections.
Hierdie studie is uitgevoer na aanleiding van die uitgerekte probleem en uitdagings van onwettige elektrisiteitsverbindings vir elektrisiteitsvoorsieners. Hierdie studie poog om by te dra om onwettige elektrisiteitsverbindings in KwaZulu-Natal, Suid-Afrika te beveg; dit is nog nooit tevore op hierdie wyse ondersoek nie. Beduidende inkomste word van diensmaatskappye gesteel as gevolg van onwettige elektrisiteitsverbindings, die wat elektriese meters omseil en met elektrisiteitsnetwerke peuter. Dit dra tot openbare veiligheidsrisiko's, fataliteite, skade aan eiendom, en oorlading van elektrisiteitsnetwerke by. Dit lei weer tot oorlading van transformators en elektrisiteitsnetwerke, gebrek aan kragvoorsiening, verlengde onbeplande kragonderbrekings, werksverlies, voedselsekuriteitrisiko, ernstige swak ekonomiese ontwikkeling, skade aan elektrisiteitinfrastruktuur, verlies aan inkomste, elektriese skok, en huise wat afbrand. Dit lei tot die onderbreking van voorsiening aan wetlike en inskiklike klante met rampspoedige gevolge. Dit is dus moeilik om voorsiening en vraag na elektrisiteit in hierdie omstandighede te bestuur, veral in hierdie tyd wat Suid-Afrika drukkende elektrisiteitvoorsiening beleef. In hierdie verhandeling onthul die internasionale en nasionale perspektiewe die aard en mate van onwettige elektrisiteitsverbindings. Dit was ondersoek hoe onwettige elektrisiteitsverbindings tans beveg word en watter spesifieke veiligheidsmaatreëls geïmplementeer kan word om die bevegting van onwettige elektrisiteitsverbindings te bevorder. Die gevallestudie-ontwerp is gebruik om die onderhoudgewers se menings, sienings, perspektiewe en ervarings in meer besonderhede te ondersoek deur onderhoude, waarnemings en saakdossierontledings te gebruik. Die ontwerp het die gebruik van spesifieke steekproefgroepe, prosedures en tegnieke wat vir dataversamelings en -ontleding gebruik is, gerig Die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van die verskillende dataversamelinginstrumente en die bestuur van die instrumente is geïmplementeer om geldigheid, betroubaarheid, akkuraatheid en geloofwaardigheid van die versamelde inligting te verseker. Die studie se bevindings help elektrisiteitsdienste om hierdie verskynsel beter te bestuur. Aanbevelings is geformuleer om belanghebbers te help om hul rolle te bevorder in die stryd om onwettige elektrisiteitsverbindings te beveg.
Ucwaningo lwenziwa ngenxa yokubona inkinga egxilile neqhubekela phambili kanye nezinselele ezibangelwa ukuzixhumela ama-connection kagesi (i-elektrisithi) maqondana nezinkampani zikagesi. Ucwaningo belufuna ukufaka esivivaneni kudaba lokuvimbela ukuzixhumela kogesi ngendlela engekho emthethweni eKwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrika, yona okungakaze kwenziwe ucwaningo ngayo ngale ndlela. Kunengeniso eliningi lemali entshontshwa ngale ndlela kwizinkampani noma izinhlangano zikagesi ngoba kunokuzixhomela ugesi okungekho emthethweni, ukungasetshenziswa kwamamitha ogesi, kanye nokuphazamisa ama-network kagesi. Lokhu kubangela izingozi nokungavikeleki kubantu bonke, ukulimala, ukulinyazwa nokonakala kwempahla noma iprophathi kanye nokuthi ama-network kagesi agxisheleke nokucindezeleka ngokweqile. Kanti futhi lokhu kubanga ukuthi ama-transformer kanye nama-network kagesi acindezeleke ngokweqile nokwenza ukuthi isaplayi kagesi ihluleke nokufeyila, lokhu okubangela ukuthi kube nama-power cuts noma ukucishwa kukagesi okungahleliwe, ukulahleka kwemisebenzi, ingozi yokuphazamiseka kokuvikeleka kokudla, ukuthi ukuthuthuka komnotho kuphazamiseke kakhulu, ukulahleka kwengeniso lemali, ukuphazamiseka kokuphakelwa kukagesi, ukulinyazwa kwabantu ngokubanjwa ugesi, kanye nokusha kwemizi eshiswa ugesi. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni kuphazamiseke isaplayi kagesi kumakhastama akhokha kahle nenza izinto ngokulandela umthetho, lokhu okubanga imiphumela yezinhlekelele ezimbi. Ngakho-ke kuba nzima ukubhekana kanye nezinto zesaplayi kanye nokudingeka kukagesi ngaphansi kwalezi simo, ikakhulukazi lapho iNingizimu Afrika ibhekene nokuncipha noma izinga eliphansi lesaplayi kagesi. Kule dissertation isimo sikazwelonke kanye nesamazwe omhlaba, siveze inhlobo kanye nezinga lokuxhunyelwa kukagesi okungekho emthethweni. Kubuye kwabheka nokuthi ukuxhunyelwa kukagesi okungekho emthethweni kubhekwana kanye nokuvinjelwa kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela eziqondene ezisetshenziswayo zokuvikeleka ezingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokuvimbela ukuxhunyelwa kukagesi nama-connection angekho emthethweni angavinjelwa kanjani . Kusetshenziswe idizayini ye-case study ukuphenyisisa ngokujulile imininingwane, imibono, izinqubo zokubheka isimo kanye nezipiliyoni zalabo obekuqondiswe kubo ama-interview ngesikhathi kwenziwa ama-interview, ukuyobheka ngamehlo esimo ezindaweni, kanye nokuhlaziya amadokhethi amacala ngokwenzekayo. Le dizayini yiyona eholele ekusetshenzisweni kwamasampuli amaqembu athize, izinqubo noma amaprosija athize kanye namathekniki athize asetshenzisiwe ekuqoqeni kwe-data kanye nohlaziyo lwayo. Idizayini nokwenziwa kwama-instrumenti okuqoqwa kwe-data ehlukene, kanye nokwenza ama-instrumenti okulinga noma e-piloting, kusetshenzisiwe ukuqinisekisa i-validity, ukuthembeka (reliability), ukuqondana ncamashi kwama-instrumenti (accuracy) kanye nokuqiniseka okubizwa ngokuthi yi-trustworthiness yolwazi noma i-infomeshini eqoqiwe. Ucwaningo, lukhiphe imiphumela yokusiza izinkampani noma izinhlangano zikagesi ekuphatheni kangcono le nkinga noma ifenominoni (phenomenon) yenkinga. Kwenziwe izincomo zokusiza ababambe iqhaza (stakeholders) ukuthuthukisa indima yabo ekulwiseni ukuxhunyelwa kanye nama-connection kagesi angekho emthethweni.
Criminology and Security Science
M. Tech. (Security Management)
Books on the topic "Electric power plants security measures"
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Grid security and management. New Delhi, India: Power Line Pub., 2009.
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An quan yong dian shi yong ji shu. Beijing: Zhongguo dian li chu ban she, 2006.
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Agency, International Atomic Energy, ed. Analyses of energy supply options and security of energy supply in the Baltic States. Vienna: IAEA, 2007.
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Zamanali, J. Nuclear power plant security assessment guide. Washington, D.C: United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response, 2013.
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Barker, Preston. Cybersecurity for the electric smart grid: Elements. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
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Crockett, J. R. Best practices for behavioral observation programs at operating power reactors and power reactor construction sites. Washington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2014.
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Samuel, Apikyan, and Diamond David J, eds. Nuclear power and energy security. Dordrecht: Springer, 2010.
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Electric grid reliability: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session, on keeping the lights on--are we doing enough to ensure the reliability and security of the U.S. electric grid?, April 10, 2014. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.
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United States. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Draft regulatory guide DG-5007: (proposed revision 3 to regulatory guide 5.44) : perimeter intrusion alarm systems. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, 1996.
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Knowles, J. B. Nuclear electric power: Safety, operation and control aspects. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2013.
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Kim, Jinsub, and Lang Tong. "Against Data Attacks on Smart Grid Operations: Attack Mechanisms and Security Measures." In Cyber Physical Systems Approach to Smart Electric Power Grid, 359–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45928-7_13.
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Sivagami, Arasu, Michael Angelo Kandavalli, and Bhaskarrao Yakkala. "Design and Evaluation of an Automated Monitoring and Control System for Greenhouse Crop Production." In Next-Generation Greenhouses for Food Security. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97316.
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An embedded system integrated with sensors based on nanomaterial is proposed for closely monitoring and control microclimate parameters 24 hours a day to maximise production over the whole crop growth season by introducing greenhouse for the cultivation of plants or specific plant species. The system will also eliminate errors in human intervention to optimise production of crops. This system consists of sensors and actuators, an Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) and a Raspberry Pi. The system will determine whether a defined threshold is passed by any climate parameter and systematically changes via the controller. The current work reduces human input through automated irrigation to optimally utilize a scarce resource, namely water. Climatic parameters for plant growth such as, moisture, humidity, temperature, water pressure in drip pipe, soil salinity etc. are monitored and optimized. Furthermore, work was extended to include GSM to control the entire farm remotely. For its success, it is very important to choose a greenhouse location. For instance, the problems are quite different when choosing an adjoining greenhouse, for instance a sunroom or greenhouse. The greenhouse location should be chosen for sunlight, proximity to power and water sources, wind, drain and freeze pockets, and the proximity of the garden and house. The intention behind accomplishment and devise of GSM based Fertigation System is to construct and evaluate the requirement of water in the yield as farming is the major resource of production which habitually depends on the water accessibility. Irrigation of water is usually done by manual method. To ease the work of the farmer GSM based automatic Fertigation (includes chemigation too) system can be implemented so that water wastage can be reduced and also the fertilizer can be added accordingly. Also the Soil Salinity can be checked and reduced if exceeds certain limit. By using GSM, only GSM command via GSM mobile can control the start and stop action of a motor that feeds the field with the water. GSM is used for controlling the entire process and the entire system backbone. It can be used from any distance to control irrigation. The results are assessed by electronic simulator PROTEUS using the desired optimised parameters, the design of this automated greenhouse system with PIC controller. As the inputs to the microcontroller and as an LCD screen record the respective outputs, the model produces a soil moisture sensor, light sensor and temperature sensor. The system performance is accurate and repeatable for measuring and controlling the four parameters that are crucial for plant growth - temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light intensity. With the reduction in electricity consumption, maintenance and complexity, and a flexible and precise environment control form for agriculture, the new system successfully cured quite a couple of defects in existing systems. Nano composite film sensors (Graphene and Graphene mixed in order to optimise the input of fertilisers for chemical composition determination. Using nano technology in agriculture enforces the firm bond between the engineer and farmer. Nano material film-based gas sensors were used to measure the presence of oxygen and CO2.using graphene nano composite sensors integrated into an embedded system, to detect the presence and levels of gases. Improve crop growth with combined red and blue light for lighting under the leavened and solar-powered LED lighting modules. This was achieved by graph/solar cells. The light was measured at the photosynthesis flux (PPFD) of 165 μmol m-2 s-1 by 10 cm of its LED module. LED lights were provided between 4:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. in the daytime treatments and night treatments from 10 to 10 hours. The use of the nighttime interlumination of LEDs was also economical than the interlumination of charts. Thus, nightlighting LEDs can effectively improve plant growth and output with less energy than the summer and winter times. Solar panels are best functioning during times of strong sunlight today, but begin to wan when they become too hot and cloudy. By allowing Solar Panels to produce electricity during harsh weather conditions and increase efficiency, a breakthrough in graphene-based solar panels can change everything. Ultimately with a fully autonomous system, agricultural productivity and efficiency, the length of the growing season, energy consumption and water consumption were recorded and monitored by exporting the data over GSM environment. With the steady decrease in the cost of high-performing hardware and software, the increased acceptance of self-employed farming systems, and the emerging agricultural system industry, the results will be reliable control systems covering various aspects of quality and production quantity.
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Palekar, Srilatha, Arun Pardhi, and Sunanda Jindal. "Bosch Is the Boss." In Indian Business Case Studies Volume VIII, 53–66. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192869449.003.0007.
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Abstract A case is about the industrial relation issues in Bosch with different plants in India. It has gone through legal proceedings, tremendous pressure from political bodies, employees are against the management. At the end, the industrial issue was handled well by Bosch and made a profit despite the adverse business scenario. Bosch manufactures various products as diverse as diesel and gasoline fuel injection systems, automotive aftermarket products, auto electricals, special purpose machines, packaging machines, electric power tools, and security system.
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Bignone, Antonio, and Gianluca Benetello. "Italian Navy Green Fleet – Energy Saving Measures: A Solution to Increase Overall Efficiency of a Military Ship of “Bergamini” FREMM Class." In Progress in Marine Science and Technology. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/pmst220083.
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The Italian Navy has always had, among its missions, the safeguard of the marine environment, and is strongly oriented to give its contribution to the targets fixed form the European Parliament with the European Green Deal. In 2012, the Italian Navy launched the Green Fleet initiative, with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving national energy security. To achieve these goals, the Italian Navy follows three main strategies: - adoption of a renewable synthetic fuel; - development and use of innovative eco-design technologies, which allow the reduction of the environmental impact of ships (LED lighting, SCR, foul release coatings); - adoption of energy saving operating procedures (electric propulsion, energy dashboard). The paper presents a case study focused on increasing the overall efficiency of a ship by recycling the thermal energy normally released to the environment by diesel engines. In fact, the overall efficiency of a diesel engine is about 40%, which means that 40% of the energy coming from the fuel is normally converted into usable power and the remainder is waste, which is delivered as heat to the environment. The case study identifies an effective solution to use a significant portion of that energy, while reducing the ship’s energy consumption, thereby increasing overall efficiency and reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions during operations. At the same time, the identified technical solution makes possible to reduce electrical load peaks, making the electrical load diagram more homogeneous, with the further result of optimizing the working conditions of the diesel engines.
Conference papers on the topic "Electric power plants security measures"
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Glantz, Clifford S., Robert B. Bass, James R. Cash, Garill A. Coles, Andrea J. Currie, David J. Gower, Jeffrey J. Heilman, Matthew D. Lammers, and Jeffrey L. Thomas. "A Cyber Security Self-Assessment Method for Critical Infrastructure Protection." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42695.
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Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is working with federal-and private-sector representatives to develop a cyber security self-assessment method (the Method) for use in the electric power industry. The Method will assist facility owners in identifying and characterizing cyber vulnerabilities, potential adverse consequences, cyber security risk levels, and cost-effective protection and mitigation measures. The Method supports a comprehensive, expeditious assessment that can be integrated efficiently into normal business practices. Personnel in information systems, plant operations, and security all would contribute to the assessment. The risk assessment stage of the Method evaluates both external and internal threats. In the risk management stage, potential protection and mitigation measures are evaluated based on risk reduction; the costs of purchasing, installing, operating, and maintaining new protection and mitigation measures; and changes in the cost of doing business that may be associated with the implementation of new measures.
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Bhavnani, Anmol. "Utilization of Micro-Electronic-Machine Systems (MEMS) to Possible Future Use in the Enhanced Analysis of Safety in Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1527.
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The focal point of this paper is to go in-depth in to the potential utilization of MEMS to further enhance safety measures within nuclear power plants. Robots, which are being researched and developed in Sandia National Laboratories, sometimes built as small as the size of a pollen grain, can be utilized to constantly monitor the stress analysis within all aspects of running a Nuclear Power Plant. From cooling towers to detecting miniscule cracks within pipes, MEMS can be utilized to constantly detect and even possibly repair minor faults within the overall structure of a nuclear power plant. MEMS technologies provide the ability to reliably produce micro actuators and sensors to meet these mission requirements. MEMS technologies are also attracting an increasing interest from the commercial sector for various applications. Currently, Sandia National Laboratories has been developing MEMS technologies to support its core missions of weapon surety, stockpile maintenance, and national security interests. Already, the project has been responsible for numerous electromechanical systems in nuclear weapons, which ensure nuclear safety and provide reliable arming, fusing and firing. With these factors in consideration, the main idea of this paper is to present ideas for producing sensors and robots on a micro scale, which could be programmed to communicate and work within each other to have enhanced safety and efficiency within a nuclear power plant.
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Moody, F. J. "Engineered Security Measures of Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1808.
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Even in the absence of depraved terrorist threats, nuclear plants have been designed to respond safely to postulated accidents. Redundant safety features are built into plants to trigger safe shutdown and containment of possible accidents. The defined accidents range from minor leakage and operator errors to a complete loss of coolant from the reactor. Post-accident scenarios are postulated by experts in reactor and containment thermal-hydraulics, and all other sciences embraced by nuclear power plant design. The probability of failure is determined for all engineered safety systems. Then analytical and experimental programs are employed to predict the long term post-accident thermal-hydraulic state of a plant and its effect on the environment. The postulated accidents and safety system responses include effects resulting from mechanical damage and component malfunctions, such as pipe ruptures and the failure of pumps and valves. The initiating causes can be material failure, human error, and environmental effects from earthquakes, floods, and other severe acts of nature. It is prudent to build on an already established safety and accident technology to include the effects of external, planned attacks on a nuclear plant. This process includes “matching wits” with the minds of those who plot evil, and reinforcing protective security barriers where potential vulnerabilities are detected. Hard questions to ask and answer are, “What are the greatest potential security threats to a nuclear power plant? What possible human activity could make them happen? How can they be prevented?” Reactor and containment thermal-hydraulics contributes significantly to answering these questions.
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Parekh, Mithil, Yuan Gao, Mariana Jockenhoevel-Barttfeld, and Karl Waedt. "Confluent Modeling of Heterogeneous Safety and Operational I&C Systems." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67333.
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Individual systems or groups of systems related to the safety and operational I&C, and Electrical Systems (ES) are gradually replaced in existing Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) as part of modernization projects. Modernizations are usually scheduled over multiple years. Different automation platform generations and safety-related product families are deployed to progressively replace legacy systems. Typically, each of the new I&C platforms and products have their own set of engineering tools. One challenge for the modernization of installed systems is the safety and security approval of these heterogeneous systems by regulatory bodies. A NPP consists of systems manufactured by different vendors which target different application domains, like Category A according to IEC 61226 for a Reactor Protection System, Category C for some Control Room Data Processing Systems or non-classified for auxiliary systems. Thus, replacing a legacy system by introducing a new one might bring in unknown risks, especially when the new system has more complex interfaces, e.g. when replacing an analog system by a digital system. Moreover, considering the time and budget limitations, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software are also involved in modernization projects. In contrast to specialized equipment, vulnerabilities for COTS are widespread. On the other hand, existing security measures/mitigations are also required to reflect the system’s changes, e.g. mitigations for known vulnerabilities of COTS systems. In order to make an overall and integrated safety analysis after a system change in the frame of a modernization project, it is necessary to jointly consider these I&C systems targeting different application domains, in addition to the physical aggregates, like sensors, pumps and valves that interact with the physical processes. The restrictive deployment of wireless technologies may also be modeled and analyzed. While wireless is not deployed by legacy systems, it is being covered by new nuclear IEC standards, as some utilities intend to simplify selected I&C maintenance procedures that involve temporary data collection. The key modeling concepts consider new developments in the critical infrastructure and industrial automation domain. With the integrated modeling approach, different disciplines can be addressed, like probabilistic and deterministic safety analyses, security assessments, need for testing and specialized trainings.
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Voropai, Nikolai. "Problems of Electric Power Systems Flexibility: Definitions and Measures." In Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop 'Critical Infrastructures: Contingency Management, Intelligent, Agent-Based, Cloud Computing and Cyber Security' (IWCI 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iwci-19.2019.25.
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Liu, Jiu. "Information Disclosure and Public Involvement in the Siting, Construction and Operation of Civil Nuclear-Facilities in China: Legal Challenges and Ways Forward." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-90327.
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Abstract Background: In March 2011, Japan was struck by a massive earthquake which initiated a tsunami that led to a severe nuclear damage accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of the Tokyo Electric Power Company. Now, more than ten years had passed. Even though, it is widely admitted that civil nuclear industry is of great importance in reducing greenhouse gas emission, improving natural environmental quality and safeguarding national energy security. Thus, China has been developing civil nuclear industry all these years in spite of the nuclear damage accident in Fukushima, Japan. Now, China has become one of the countries with most nuclear power plants. However, due to the potential radioactive risk, the public have instinctive fear of civil nuclear development. In order to relieve the public’s anti-nuclear sentiment, Nuclear Safety Law was formally implemented in 2018 and Measures for Disclosure of Nuclear Safety Information was issued by Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China in 2020, both clearly stipulating that the public’s right to obtain information of nuclear safety and involve in related activities in order to eliminate the public’s doubts and phobia about the development of civil nuclear industry. However, there are still challenges existing. Methods: Cases study is applied as a major methodology in this paper as for to show the severe problems in information disclosure and public involvement pertaining to the process of siting and construction of civil nuclear facilities. Moreover, legislation study is used in analyzing the content of related legislation and regulations currently. And qualitative methodology is also adopted in this paper to summarize the legal problems about information disclosure and social involvement during the time of siting and construction of civil nuclear facilities. Results: Although there are legislation and regulations which endow people with available information and opportunities-to-be-involved in China, the information disclosure and public involvement still exist several challenges, especially during the process of siting and construction of civil nuclear facilities. Thus, several anti-nuclear incidents had been initiated by the public due to lack of information and methods to participate in these years. According to the cases, information disclosure and public involvement are still not sufficient during the time of siting for nuclear facilities; relevant compensation mechanism for the public around the nuclear facilities has not been established; and public education for basic knowledge on nuclear safety is not enough. Therefore, public involvement cannot be realized completely. Conclusions: For ensuring information disclosure and public involvement of civil nuclear facilities, this article proposes that information disclosure and social involvement should be realized and protected as early as the process of siting for such facilities. Furthermore, operators of nuclear facilities and local governments should provide sufficient compensation to the public near nuclear facilities through preventive compensation mechanism and offer science popularization on nuclear safety to avoid the misunderstanding of the public.
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Liang Wang, Li Li, Shanshan Shi, Yiwei Zhang, Zongxiang Lu, and Junliang Zhang. "Stability and security assessment for an industrial electric grid with enterprise-owned power plants." In 2008 Third International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2008.4523653.
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Liu, Bosi, Xingyuan Li, Xiangyi Chen, and Chunyan Li. "Study on Security of Electric Power System Based on Different Voltage-Controlling Modes of Hydro-Plants." In 2012 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2012.6307594.
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Gambini, Marco, and Michela Vellini. "Operation Strategies for Thermoelectric Power Plants With CO2 Emission Constraints in Italy." In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81069.
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The effort of carbon dioxide emission reduction, required to the European countries, especially to Italy, is very remarkable, particularly in the thermoelectric sector. Because between the various policies and measures it is possible to adopt the mechanism of exchange (sale/purchase) of emission rights (Emission Trading), in this work the authors intend to focus on Italian thermoelectric sector and want to illustrate the energy and economic consequences of various operational scenarios that can be conceived for power plants, fuelled by natural gas. In fact, through the Kyoto protocol and its country-specific targets, power producers are strongly driven towards CO2-reducing solutions such as, for example, power modulation. Two examples of advanced thermoelectric power plants, operating in Italy, will be described: the first power plant produces only electric energy while the second one is a cogeneration power plant (it produces heat and electric energy). For both power plants, the best management criteria will be discussed in order to attain competitive performance of such facilities. The final goal is to minimize the cost of production (or to maximize profits), taking into account, however, the specific targets for CO2 emissions.
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Umezawa, Shuichi. "Diagnosis of Thermal Efficiency of Advanced Combined Cycle Power Plants Using Optical Torque Sensor." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50366.
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A new optical torque measurement method was applied to diagnosis of thermal efficiency of advanced combined cycle, i.e. ACC, plants. Since the ACC power plant comprises a steam turbine and a gas turbine and both of them are connected to the same generator, it is difficult to identify which turbine in the plant deteriorates the performance when the plant efficiency is reduced. The sensor measures axial distortion caused by power transmission by use of He-Ne laser beams, small stainless steel reflectors having bar-code patterns, and a technique of signal processing featuring high frequency. The sensor was applied to the ACC plants of TOKYO ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY, TEPCO, following the success in the application to the early combined cycle plants of TEPCO. The sensor performance was inspected over a year. After an improvement related to the signal process, it is considered that the sensor performance has reached a practical use level.
Reports on the topic "Electric power plants security measures"
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Petit, Vincent. Road to a rapid transition to sustainable energy security in Europe. Schneider Electric Sustainability Research Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58284/se.sri.bcap9655.
Full textAbstract:
Decarbonization and energy security in Europe are two faces of the same coin. They are both related to the large dependency of the European Union economy on fossil fuels, which today represent around 70% of the total supply of energy. The bulk of these energy resources are imported, with Russia being the largest supplier, accounting for 40% of natural gas and 27% of oil imports. However, fossil fuels are also the primary root cause of greenhouse gas emissions, and the European Union is committed to reduce those by 55% by 2030 (versus 1990). This report is based on the landmark research from the Joint Research Center of the European Commission, the “Integrated Database of the European Energy Sector”, which for the first time mapped actual energy uses for each country within the European Union, across 17 sectors of activity, with data granularity at the level of each process step (or end-use) of each of these sectors. Our approach here has been to systematically review these process steps (or end-uses) and qualify the extent to which they could be electrified, effectively removing the demand for fossil fuels as a result. We have focused only on those process steps where technology was already widely available and for which we evaluated the switch to be relatively easy (or attractive). In other words, we estimated the impact of rapid electrification of “easy to abate” activities. The conclusion of this evaluation is that the share of electricity demand in the final energy mix could jump from around 20% today to 50%, which would drive a reduction in emissions at end-use of around 1,300 MtCO2 /y, as well as a drop in natural gas and oil supply of around 50%. As a result of such transformation, electricity demand would nearly double, with the bulk of that growth materializing in the building sector. Short-term, the challenge of addressing climate targets while providing for energy security is thus intimately connected to buildings. While such transition would certainly require major infrastructure upgrades, which may prove a roadblock to rapid deployment, we find that the combination of energy efficiency measures (notably digital) and distributed generation penetration (rooftop solar) could significantly tame the issue, and hence help accelerate the move away from fossil fuels, with energy spend savings as high as 80% across some building types; a major driver of change. Beyond this, further potential exists for electrification. Other measures on the demand-side will include deeper renovations of the industrial stock (notably in the automotive, machinery, paper, and petrochemical industries for which our current assessment may be underestimated) and further electrification of mobility (trucks). The transition of the power system away from coal (and ultimately natural gas) will then also play a key role, followed ultimately by feedstocks substitution in industry. Some of these transitions are already on the way and will likely bring further improvements. The key message, however, is that a significant opportunity revolves around buildings to both quickly decarbonize and reduce energy dependencies in Europe. Rapid transformation of the energy system may be more feasible than we think. We notably estimate that, by 2030, an ambitious and focused effort could help displace 15% to 25% of natural gas and oil supply and reduce emissions by around 500 MtCO2 /y (note that these savings would come on top of additional measures regarding energy efficiency and flexibility, which are not the object of this study). For this to happen, approximately 100 million buildings will need renovating, and a similar number of electric vehicles would need to hit the road.