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1
Alia Jasim Mohammed. "AN APPRAISAL OF THE TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF A D.C. SHUMT MOTOR USING MATLAB/SIMULINK UNDER NO LOADING AND FULL LOADING CONDITIONS." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2011.04210.
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Electric machines are used to generate electrical power in power plants and provide mechanical work in industries. This paper describes the MATLAB/SIMULINK realization of the performance of a D.C. shunt motor and introduces model power components to use computer simulation as a tool for conducting transient by using Simulink and SimPower System. These simulation models were employed to calculate the speed (N), torque (T), armature current (Ia), input and output power (Pin and Pout), losses (Plosses) and efficiency (η) for the motor at no load and load conditions. The results obtained using MATLAB were compared with the practical results, the ratio of error is about (1-2) % was found. The SIMULINK was written in MATLAB languages version (6.5).
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Artsiomenka, K. I. "Structural-and-Parametric Optimization of Automatic Control System for Power Units of 300 MW in Wide Range of Load Variations." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 5 (October 4, 2019): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-5-469-481.
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The structural-parametric optimization of the automatic control system for power units (ACSPU) of 300 MW of Lukoml’skaya GRES (Lukoml Local Condensing Power Plant) in the mode of both the permanent and the variable superheated steam pressure upstream of the turbine is under consideration. During 1974–1979, eight units of the Lukoml’skaya GRES implemented the ACSPU with a leading boiler power control. At the moment, these systems no longer meet all the frequency control quality requirements. In 2016, the daily schedule of electric loads of the Belarusian power system was as follows: the basic part of the schedule of electric loads was covered by combined heat and power plants (CHP) and by mini-CHP (which are the least maneuverable of the power plants), the semi-peak part of it–by local condensing power plants (Lukoml’skaya GRES and Berezovskaya GRES), the peak part–by import electric energy from neighboring power systems. However, this year the first unit of the Belorussian NPP will be put into operation, while the second one–in 2020. After the launch of the Belorussian NPP, it will cover basic part of load curve; CPPs will cover the semi-peak part, while the peak part of load curve will be covered by local condensing power plants. Correspondingly, due to the alteration of the structure of daily schedule of electric loads of the Belarusian power system, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of power units of Lukoml’skaya GRES as well as of the entire Lukoml’skaya GRES in general. This can be achieved with the help of the method of parametric optimization of the typical ACSPU proposed in the present paper. As a result, the quality of control of power and pressure upstream of the turbine will be improved; the flow of fuel will be reduced, as well as the turbine regulation valve displacement; environmental performance of entire power plant will be improved, too. The proposed technique has been confirmed by the results of computer simulation of transient processes in the automatic control system under external and internal disturbances.
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Siraev, Fanis, and Regina Khazieva. "INVESTIGATION OF A FREQUENCY-REGULATORY ELECTRIC DRIVE WITH ASYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC MOTOR." Electrical and data processing facilities and systems 18, no. 2 (2022): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2022-18-2-45-51.
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Relevance AC electric drive is widely used in industry, it reduces power consumption and provides high reliability. It has received its wide distribution due to its high technological characteristics and simplicity of design, which have a positive impact on the introduction into production and modernization. Modeling of the electric drive control system is carried out in order to regulate and improve technological parameters. The assembled model in the Matlab/Simulink program using the SimPowerSystem library allows you to study the efficiency of controlling the electric drive of the pump using a visual model before switching to real objects, thanks to smooth speed control in a wide range of revolutions. Aim of research In this paper, a study is made of a frequency-controlled pump electric drive. During the hours of minimum load of enterprises where this system is used, the load on the device will decrease, since the consumption will be much less. Under loads, the power consumed by the drive can be reduced by changing the motor speed. This is achieved in many ways, but the most relevant is the use of a frequency converter. The main task is computer simulation of a frequency-controlled electric pump drive and the study of simulation results. Research methods In this study, the following methods were used: the study of scientific literature, computer modeling performed in the Matlab/Simulink software package using the SimPowerSystem library. Results The authors carry out a study of a frequency-controlled electric drive of the pump, which implements a reduction in the rotation speed to reduce the power consumed by the electric drive during the hours of minimum load of enterprises. The computer model of the object under study was developed in the Matlab/Simulink software package, the scalar control of the electric drive was evaluated. As a result of the simulation, oscillograms were obtained, where the possibility of reducing power consumption by adjusting the engine speed is clearly visible.
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Yan, Xiangwu, Ling Wang, Zhichao Chai, Shuaishuai Zhao, Zisheng Liu, and Xuewei Sun. "Electric Vehicle Battery Simulation System for Mobile Field Test of Off-Board Charger." Energies 12, no. 15 (August 6, 2019): 3025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12153025.
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An electric vehicle power battery simulation system simulating different power battery packs for the field test of the off-board charger is designed, which can be used to test the performance of an off-board charger. Specifically, the improved power battery model is combined with the improved lightweight charging load and the online estimation of the state of charge as well as the electromotive force of the battery model are used to adjust charging load parameters in real time to simulate the charging response. An acceleration coefficient is introduced into the traditional battery model to improve test efficiency, and the type, specification, temperature and voltage parameters of the battery can be set online according to the test requirements. An improved charging load scheme is proposed, in which a DC converter cascaded power battery pack of the mobile test vehicle is used to form a lightweight charging load with the mode of constant voltage, constant current, constant power and constant resistance and the ability to be adjusted continuously within the rated range. As a result, the size and weight of the charging load are reduced and the autonomous test of the off-board charger is realized. The performances of the proposed battery simulation system are validated through the various experimental results.
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Vasilyev, N., I. Kalinin, V. Polovinkin, A. Pustoshny, O. Savchenko, and K. Sazonov. "Load simulation of icebreaker propulsion motors at laboratory and virtual tests of electric propulsion systems." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 1, no. 399 (March 15, 2022): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2022-1-399-15-30.
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Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses ice loads on shaft-lines of icebreakers and ice-going ships as their propellers interact with ice. These loads are needed as inputs for development and fine-tuning of electric propulsion control systems, including those involving load test rigs, with the final purpose of ensuring reliable and safe operation of electric propulsion plants in ice navigation conditions. Materials and methods. This study is based on the publications about ice loads on shafting of electric propulsion plants. It analyses the terminology used in the papers on this subject. It also analyses the data on ice-induced shafting torques, as obtained from full-scale trials of Akademik Tryoshnikov ice-class research vessel. Main results. The paper describes typical cases of extreme ice loads on the propulsion system, with the input data characterizing these loads and needed, in particular, for numerical simulation of ice loads on shafting in order to fine-tune electric propulsion control system by means of computer-based simulations or laboratory tests. The paper shows the importance of considering the inertial elements of the shaft line for correct determination of limit loads. It also formulates the challenges that have to be solved in order to obtain efficient control systems for electric propulsion plants of icebreakers and ice-going ships. It determines the requirements to special full-scale trials needed to validate calculation methods for shafting loads. Conclusion. Electric propulsion systems of ice-going ships must have highly efficient control tools for the propulsion motor that would ensure its reliable and safe operation as propeller interacts with ice. Such a tool is quite hard to obtain because shafting loads are quite various and difficult to predict. One of the ways to improve an electric propulsion system is to build up a test rig with the load part simulating various scenarios of shafting loads as per the mathematical model specially developed for this purpose and validated by the accumulated database of full-scale ice loads on shaft lines. The paper also demonstrates that propulsion motor control system must properly take into account not only external loads but also inertial torques of shaft line, motor rotor and propeller with added water mass.
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Wang, Yikai, Xin Yin, Xianggen Yin, Jian Qiao, and Liming Tan. "A Petri Net-Based Power Supply Recovery Strategy for the Electric Power System of Floating Nuclear Power Plant." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 9026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189026.
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Floating nuclear power plants contain sensitive loads of nuclear reactors. After equipment faults, fast and efficient power supply recovery should be realized. To realize the unified analysis of system topology and power flow distribution, a power supply recovery strategy based on Petri nets is proposed. Considering that systems of different voltage levels cannot be connected instantaneously, a two-stage power supply recovery mode is adopted. Emergency power supply is put in first, and then the whole network is reconstructed. In the network reconstruction process, load transfer is realized through switching the transformation to redistribute the load of each switchboard and adjust the power output of each power source. Corresponding to the Petri net model, the above process is similar to the dynamic transmission process of a token in each library by firing the transition. Therefore, the topological model of system is constructed based on the Petri net, and a power flow analysis is proposed through its dynamic updating mechanism. The objective function of the network reconstruction is established by integrating load recovery amount, switch operation cost and generator operation efficiency, and the optimal switching state combination scheme that satisfies the system constraints is obtained by the multi-population genetic algorithm (MPGA). Simulation results show that the proposed method can provide complete power supply recovery.
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Kurniawan, Akhmad R., Adi Kurniawan, Sardono Sarwito, Ahlur R. N. Gumilang, and Firman Budianto. "Comparison of voltage drop in AC and DC shipboard electrical power distribution systems: A case study of 17,500 DWT tanker vessel." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 972, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/972/1/012001.
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Abstract The recent emergence of power electronics equipment raises the possibility of implementation of DC shipboard electrical distribution systems. Several investigations on the effectiveness of DC shipboard electrical power distribution systems have proven that it is more profitable than AC distribution systems both in technical and economical aspect. However, known investigations are still limited to the system in ship with electric propulsion, which the consumption of electric power is enormous. The current study investigates the technical performance of both distribution systems in a non-electric propulsion ship, especially in the aspect of power losses. Both of the original AC distribution systems in a 17,500 DWT tanker ship and its equal DC distribution systems are modelled in a computer simulation program. The electric power flow simulation for both models are performed with the data of electric load during operating conditions, to compare the power losses in the distribution systems. The results show that the DC distribution systems has fewer drop voltage than its AC counterpart.
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Bulatov, Yu N., A. V. Kryukov, and K. V. Suslov. "The study of the isolated power supply system operation with controlled distributed generation plants, energy storage units and drive load." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 5 (January 9, 2022): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-5-184-194.
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THE PURPOSE. Investigation of the operating modes of an isolated power supply system with controlled distributed generation plants, energy storage units and a drive load. Determination of the influence of the proposed prognostic controller of a distributed generation plant on the control parameters and quality indicators of the control process under various operating modes of an isolated power supply system.METHODS. The studies were carried out on a computer model of an isolated power supply system of an industrial enterprise with a turbine generator plant, a wind generator plant and a high-power electric storage unit, for which a fuzzy control system and a prognostic controller were used. The simulation was performed in MATLAB using Simulink and SimPowerSystems packages.RESULTS. The article describes a computer model of an isolated power supply system, as well as a structural diagram of the proposed autoprognostic speed controller. The simulation results showed that the combined use of an energy storage unit and an auto-prognostic generator rotor speed controller makes it possible to ensure the stability and survivability of an isolated power supply system, increasing its damping properties. The use of a fuzzy control system of a wind-generating plant made it possible to ensure its stable operation in all considered modes.CONCLUSION. The auto-prognostic speed controller, which does not require special settings, and the energy storage unit provide high quality control indicators in normal and emergency modes. It is advisable to conduct further studies to coordinate the actions of the control system of the electric energy storage unit and the auto-prognostic speed controller of the distributed generation plant.
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Veeramsetty, Venkataramana, Modem Sai Pavan Kumar, and Surender Reddy Salkuti. "Platform-Independent Web Application for Short-Term Electric Power Load Forecasting on 33/11 kV Substation Using Regression Tree." Computers 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers11080119.
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Short-term electric power load forecasting is a critical and essential task for utilities in the electric power industry for proper energy trading, which enables the independent system operator to operate the network without any technical and economical issues. From an electric power distribution system point of view, accurate load forecasting is essential for proper planning and operation. In order to build most robust machine learning model to forecast the load with a good accuracy irrespective of weather condition and type of day, features such as the season, temperature, humidity and day-status are incorporated into the data. In this paper, a machine learning model, namely a regression tree, is used to forecast the active power load an hour and one day ahead. Real-time active power load data to train and test the machine learning models are collected from a 33/11 kV substation located in Telangana State, India. Based on the simulation results, it is observed that the regression tree model is able to forecast the load with less error.
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Bulatov, Yuri, and Andrey Kryukov. "Study of cyber security of predictive control algorithms for distributed generation plants." Analysis and data processing systems, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2782-2001-2021-2-19-34.
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The power industry is currently actively developing the field related to the use of distributed generation plants located near the power receiving devices of consumers. At the same time, the introduction of distributed generation plants causes a lot of engineering problems which need solutions. One of them is the optimization of the settings of automatic voltage regulators (AVR) and speed regulators (ASR) of synchronous generators in all possible operating modes. This requires the use of complex models of power supply systems, distributed generation plants and their regulators, as well as labor-intensive calculations that take into account a large number of interrelated parameters. However, there is another approach based on the use of predictive controllers. In this case only one parameter is needed for linear predictive models.The article describes a method for constructing and tuning the proposed predictive ASR synchronous generator, as well as computer models of distributed generation plants used in research. The purpose of the research was to determine cyber security of power supply systems equipped with various distributed generation plants with predictive speed controllers that can be implemented on the basis of the microprocessor technology. The studies were carried out in the MATLAB system using the Simulink and SymPowerSystems simulation packages on computer models of distributed generation plants with one turbine generator operating at a dedicated load, as well as a group of hydrogenerators connected to a high-power electric power system. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed predictive control algorithms, as well as the fact that their cyber security can be increased by introducing hardware restrictions on the range of changes in the time constant of the predictive link.
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Uimonen, Semen, and Matti Lehtonen. "Simulation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Load Profiles in Office Buildings Based on Occupancy Data." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 5700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215700.
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Transportation vehicles are a large contributor of the carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a promising solution to reduce the CO2 emissions which, however, requires the right electric power production mix for the largest impact. The increase in the electric power consumption caused by the EV charging demand could be matched by the growing share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the power production. EVs are becoming a popular sustainable mean of transportation and the expansion of EV units due to the stochastic nature of charging behavior and increasing share of RES creates additional challenges to the stability in the power systems. Modeling of EV charging fleets allows understanding EV charging capacity and demand response (DR) potential of EV in the power systems. This article focuses on modeling of daily EV charging profiles for buildings with various number of chargers and daily events. The article presents a modeling approach based on the charger occupancy data from the local charging sites. The approach allows one to simulate load profiles and to find how many chargers are necessary to suffice the approximate demand of EV charging from the traffic characteristics, such as arrival time, duration of charging, and maximum charging power. Additionally, to better understand the potential impact of demand response, the modeling approach allows one to compare charging profiles, while adjusting the maximum power consumption of chargers.
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Cheng, Sihan, Zhe Tian, Xia Wu, and Jide Niu. "Bottom-Up Model of Random Daily Electrical Load Curve for Office Building." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 10471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110471.
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In the design stage of energy systems in buildings, accurate load boundary conditions are the key to achieving energy supply and demand balance. Compared with the building cold and heat load, the generation of building electrical load has stronger randomness, and the current standard electrical load calculation method cannot reflect this feature. Therefore, this paper proposes a bottom-up high time resolution power load generation method for office buildings. Firstly, the non-homogeneous Markov chain is used to establish the random mobility model of personnel in office buildings, and the building electrical appliances are divided into four categories according to the different driving modes of personnel to electrical appliances in office buildings. Then, based on the personnel mobility model, the correlation between the use of electrical appliances in office buildings and the personnel in the room is established to construct the random power simulation model of different types of electrical appliances. Finally, the electric load of different types of electrical appliances is superimposed hourly to generate a random daily load curve. In order to verify the validity of the model, an office building is simulated and compared with the measured electrical load value. The verification results show that the model well reflects the daily distribution characteristics of electric load. The simulation value and the measured value are used for statistical analysis. The evaluation results show that the correlation between the simulation value and the measured value is high, which further illustrates the validity and accuracy of the model.
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Zhang, Wei, Ruoyao Liu, and Xinyu Yang. "Study on Operating Strategy of Electric–Gas Combined System Considering the Improvement of Dispatchability." Energies 12, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 4584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234584.
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The uncertainty of distributed energy (DG) and load in the electric–gas combined system (EGCS) requires EGCS to have higher dispatching capacity. A novel strategy is introduced in this paper to operate EGCS considering dispatchability evaluation indexes in order to improve the dispatchability of EGCS. Firstly, the paper describes the physical architecture of EGCS and its main devices. Based on the typical structure of EGCS, the main coupling modes between the two networks are analyzed and summarized, and a power flow model of deep coupling EGCS is established. Then, it proposes a unified quantitative modeling method of dispatchability, and qualitatively analyzes the dispatchability capability of different types of resources in the system through the definition, connotation, and multi-dimensional attributes of EGCS dispatchability. In order to characterize the strength of the overall dispatchability of EGCS, two evaluation indexes, upward/downward dispatchability margin, are proposed. The case study validates the applicability of the proposed dispatchability indexes through simulation. The uncertainties existing in various sources, namely networks and loads of EGCS, the output power of wind farms, and photovoltaic plants, are analyzed emphatically through actual data of a certain area. The EGCS economic dispatching model is established by considering the DG output prediction errors, introducing the expected penalty term of insufficient dispatchability into the objective function, and calculating the dispatchability margin through the simulation model to quantitatively analyze the dispatchability capability of the system.
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Ikeda, Fuka, Kei Nishikawa, Yuki Okamoto, Hiroaki Yamada, Toshihiko Tanaka, and Masayuki Okamoto. "Simple Power Quality Compensation with Bidirectional Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles in Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112894.
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This paper deals with power quality compensation in single-phase three-wire distribution feeders using a constant DC-capacitor voltage-control (CDCVC)-based strategy of the previously proposed bidirectional battery charger (BBC) for electric vehicles under the distorted source-voltage and load-current conditions. Instantaneous active power flowing into the three-leg pulse-width-modulated (PWM) rectifier in the BBC is discussed. The instantaneous power flowing into the three-leg PWM rectifier demonstrates that the CDCVC-based strategy obtains balanced and sinusoidal source currents at a unity power factor, where the source-side active power is balanced with the load-side active power. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that balanced and sinusoidal source currents at a unity power factor are attained in single-phase three-wire distribution feeders with both battery-charging and -discharging operations for electric vehicles even though both source voltage and load currents are distorted.
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Arias, Ignacio, Eduardo Zarza, Loreto Valenzuela, Manuel Pérez-García, José Alfonso Romero Ramos, and Rodrigo Escobar. "Modeling and Hourly Time-Scale Characterization of the Main Energy Parameters of Parabolic-Trough Solar Thermal Power Plants Using a Simplified Quasi-Dynamic Model." Energies 14, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010221.
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A simplified mathematical model of parabolic-trough solar thermal power plants, which allow one to carry out an energetic characterization of the main thermal parameters that influence the solar field performance, was evaluated through a comparison of simulation results. Two geographical locations were selected to evaluate the mathematical model proposed in this work—one in each hemisphere—and design considerations according with the practical/operational experience were taken. Furthermore, independent simulations were performed using the System Advisor Model (SAM) software, their results were compared with those obtained by the simplified model. According with the above, the mathematical model allows one to carry out simulations with a high degree of flexibility and adaptability, in which the equations that allow the plant to be energetically characterized are composed of a series of logical conditions that help identify boundary conditions between dawn and sunset, direct normal irradiance transients, and when the thermal energy storage system must compensate the solar field energy deficits to maintain the full load operation of the plant. Due to the above, the developed model allows one to obtain satisfactory simulation results; referring to the net electric power production, this model provides results in both hemispheres with a relative percentage error in the range of [0.28–8.38%] compared with the results obtained with the SAM, with mean square values of 4.57% and 4.21% for sites 1 and 2, respectively.
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Selim, Ali, Mamdouh Abdel-Akher, Salah Kamel, Francisco Jurado, and Sulaiman A. Almohaimeed. "Electric Vehicles Charging Management for Real-Time Pricing Considering the Preferences of Individual Vehicles." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 6632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146632.
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The paper proposes a real-time model for electric vehicles (EVs) controlled load charging. The proposed demand-side management (DSM) of EVs is implemented based on queuing analysis with a nonhomogeneous arrival rate and charging service periods dataset. An electric vehicle model is used which is based on a statistical survey to represent the uncontrolled demand of the EVs. A probability distribution for the time at which EVs are plugged and the corresponding value of the state of charges (SOCs) are considered. The preferences of individual EVs have been fully exploited through a set of instructions to fulfill the needs of the vehicles’ owners. The designated preferences include the owner setting for both, charging price preferences (OPR), and the maximum estimated parking time duration (EPTD). The quasi-static time-series (QSTS) simulation is used to simulate real-time scenarios of the 24-h simulation period. The IEEE 123 nodes radial test feeder is analyzed with different daily load curves, EV charging scenarios, and wind power penetrations. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed DSM in avoiding excessive levels of charging with/without penetration of non-dispatchable wind power generation. The proposed DSM enables the EVs to charge with low tariff rates either at excessive renewable power generation or late evening hours with available committed bulk power plants and light loading conditions.
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Selisteanu, Dan, Monica Roman, Lucian Mandache, Razvan Prejbeanu, Sergiu Ivanov, and Alexandru Radu. "Three-Level Inverter Control Techniques: Design, Analysis, and Comparisons." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 27, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.29015.
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This work addresses the analysis and design of various Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control techniques for a three-level inverter. Multilevel power converters are modern and basic elements of high-voltage electric drive and power supply systems. By using simulations and specific computer-aided design tools, the overall functional characteristics of multilevel converters, as well as the electrical demands of the components, can be accurately assessed to obtain an appropriate control solution. An innovative and detailed software model of a three-level inverter is developed and then used for the implementation of control techniques. Several tuning methods are used to tune PID controllers for two specific cases: the multilevel inverter with a linear load and with an asynchronous motor load, respectively. A detailed analysis and comparisons of the quality criteria and control performance are achieved. This analysis shows that the choice of controller type depends on the inverter load. For the linear load, proper results are obtained with a PI Nichols-tuned controller, and for the asynchronous load, with a PI controller tuned via a modified Hokushin method. The computer-aided design tools can be further used for the simulation of the equipment in various operating conditions, normal and fault, following all functional parameters.
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Topel, Monika, and Josefine Grundius. "Load Management Strategies to Increase Electric Vehicle Penetration—Case Study on a Local Distribution Network in Stockholm." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 4809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184809.
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As part of decarbonization efforts, countries are adapting their energy policies accordingly. Sweden has established ambitious energy goals, which include CO2 emissions reduction in the transport sector and high integration of renewables in the electricity sector. Coupling the two can be an enabling force towards fossil freedom. An increased share of electric vehicles is therefore a promising solution in this regard. However, there are challenges concerning the impact that a surge of electric vehicles would have on the electric infrastructure. Moreover, in Stockholm there is a shortage of power capacity due to limitations in the national transmission infrastructure, which further aggravates the situation. This paper develops a scenario-based simulation study to evaluate the impact of electric vehicle loads on the distribution grid of a Stockholm neighborhood. In this process, limiting factors and bottlenecks in the network were identified as being related to the peak power and transformer capacities for the years of 2025 and 2031. Two load management strategies and their potential to mitigate the power peaks generated from uncontrolled charging were investigated for the critical years.
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Bulatov, Yuri, Andrey Kryukov, Vladislav Senko, Konstantin Suslov, and Denis Sidorov. "A Stochastic Model for Determining Static Stability Margins in Electric Power Systems." Computation 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation10050067.
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This paper aims to develop a method for determining margins of static aperiodic stability for electric power systems equipped with distributed generation plants. To this end, we used generalized equations of limiting modes in a stochastic formulation. Computer simulation showed that the developed methodology can be used in solving problems of operational control of the modes of electric power systems. On the basis of the results obtained, we arrived at the following conclusions: the modified equations do not allow the iterative process to converge to a trivial solution and, therefore, they ensure high reliability of results when determining stability margins in a stochastic statement; a technique based on the introduction of an additional variable can be used to improve the convergence of computational processes when determining the stability margins in a deterministic statement; the parameters of the limiting modes obtained in the deterministic and stochastic formulations may significantly differ; with an increase in the variance of the load graphs, the risk of stability violation significantly increases; at the same time, the amount of the margin determined on the basis of the Euclidean norm remains overly optimistic; in the illustrative example, a significant increase in the risk of stability violation takes place during planned and emergency shutdowns of the EPS elements.
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Bulatov, Yuri, Andrey Kryukov, Vladislav Senko, Konstantin Suslov, and Denis Sidorov. "A Stochastic Model for Determining Static Stability Margins in Electric Power Systems." Computation 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation10050067.
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This paper aims to develop a method for determining margins of static aperiodic stability for electric power systems equipped with distributed generation plants. To this end, we used generalized equations of limiting modes in a stochastic formulation. Computer simulation showed that the developed methodology can be used in solving problems of operational control of the modes of electric power systems. On the basis of the results obtained, we arrived at the following conclusions: the modified equations do not allow the iterative process to converge to a trivial solution and, therefore, they ensure high reliability of results when determining stability margins in a stochastic statement; a technique based on the introduction of an additional variable can be used to improve the convergence of computational processes when determining the stability margins in a deterministic statement; the parameters of the limiting modes obtained in the deterministic and stochastic formulations may significantly differ; with an increase in the variance of the load graphs, the risk of stability violation significantly increases; at the same time, the amount of the margin determined on the basis of the Euclidean norm remains overly optimistic; in the illustrative example, a significant increase in the risk of stability violation takes place during planned and emergency shutdowns of the EPS elements.
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Bulatov, Yuri, Andrey Kryukov, Vladislav Senko, Konstantin Suslov, and Denis Sidorov. "A Stochastic Model for Determining Static Stability Margins in Electric Power Systems." Computation 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation10050067.
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This paper aims to develop a method for determining margins of static aperiodic stability for electric power systems equipped with distributed generation plants. To this end, we used generalized equations of limiting modes in a stochastic formulation. Computer simulation showed that the developed methodology can be used in solving problems of operational control of the modes of electric power systems. On the basis of the results obtained, we arrived at the following conclusions: the modified equations do not allow the iterative process to converge to a trivial solution and, therefore, they ensure high reliability of results when determining stability margins in a stochastic statement; a technique based on the introduction of an additional variable can be used to improve the convergence of computational processes when determining the stability margins in a deterministic statement; the parameters of the limiting modes obtained in the deterministic and stochastic formulations may significantly differ; with an increase in the variance of the load graphs, the risk of stability violation significantly increases; at the same time, the amount of the margin determined on the basis of the Euclidean norm remains overly optimistic; in the illustrative example, a significant increase in the risk of stability violation takes place during planned and emergency shutdowns of the EPS elements.
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Alvarez Guerrero, Jose David, Bikash Bhattarai, Rajendra Shrestha, Thomas L. Acker, and Rafael Castro. "Integrating Electric Vehicles into Power System Operation Production Cost Models." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040263.
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The electrification of the transportation sector will increase the demand for electric power, potentially impacting the peak load and power system operations. A change such as this will be multifaceted. A power system production cost model (PCM) is a useful tool with which to analyze one of these facets, the operation of the power system. A PCM is a computer simulation that mimics power system operation, i.e., unit commitment, economic dispatch, reserves, etc. To understand how electric vehicles (EVs) will affect power system operation, it is necessary to create models that describe how EVs interact with power system operations that are suitable for use in a PCM. In this work, EV charging data from the EV Project, reported by the Idaho National Laboratory, were used to create scalable, statistical models of EV charging load profiles suitable for incorporation into a PCM. Models of EV loads were created for uncoordinated and coordinated charging. Uncoordinated charging load represents the load resulting from EV owners that charge at times of their choosing. To create an uncoordinated charging load profile, the parameters of importance are the number of vehicles, charger type, battery capacity, availability for charging, and battery beginning and ending states of charge. Coordinated charging is where EVs are charged via an “aggregator” that interacts with a power system operator to schedule EV charging at times that either minimize system operating costs, decrease EV charging costs, or both, while meeting the daily EV charging requirements subject to the EV owners’ charging constraints. Beta distributions were found to be the most appropriate distribution for statistically modeling the initial and final state of charge (SoC) of vehicles in an EV fleet. A Monte Carlo technique was implemented by sampling the charging parameters of importance to create an uncoordinated charging load time series. Coordinated charging was modeled as a controllable load within the PCM to represent the influence of the EV fleet on the system’s electricity price. The charging models were integrated as EV loads in a simple 5-bus system to demonstrate their usefulness. Polaris Systems Optimization’s PCM power system optimizer (PSO) was employed to show the effect of the EVs on one day of operation in the 5-bus power system, yielding interesting and valid results and showing the effectiveness of the charging models.
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Wang, Hongjun, Chunchao Song, Youjun Yue, and Hui Zhao. "Research on Voltage Stabilizing Control Strategy of Critical Load in Unplanned Island Based on Electric Spring." Electronics 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010080.
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Aiming to solve the problem of voltage fluctuation of critical load caused by lack of control when an unplanned island occurs in a microgrid, a voltage stabilizing control strategy of critical load based on electric spring is proposed in this paper. When unplanned islanding occurs in a microgrid system, the system bus voltage fluctuates dramatically due to instantaneous power imbalance, compromising the power supply safety of important loads on the bus. In this paper, the electric spring control mode is integrated into the voltage stabilizing control strategy of critical loads in an unplanned island for the first time to realize the protection of critical loads. First of all, a model of an optical storage AC/DC hybrid microgrid is built, the overall system architecture is determined, and the microgrid is divided into four working states. Second, the working principle of electric spring is introduced, and a decoupling control strategy based on double closed loop is proposed. Finally, the experimental simulation of the proposed control strategy is experimentally simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation findings show that when the bus voltage and current of microgrid change due to an unplanned island, the proposed control strategy based on electric spring may achieve the stability of voltage and current on critical loads.
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Chervonchenko, S. S., and V. Ya Frolov. "Research of the operation of an autonomous electrical complex with a combined composition of backup power sources." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 24, no. 4 (August 17, 2022): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-4-90-104.
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THE PURPOSE. To analyze scientific and technical information and practical experience of the functioning of autonomous electrical complexes with asynchronous electric motors in the composition. To develop a mathematical model of an autonomous electrical complex of a drilling rig with the presence of an active rectifier, an inverter with pulse-width control signals, as well as combined backup power sources – a battery and a diesel generator set. To establish the influence and expediency of using a combined composition of backup power sources on reliable operation and the possibility of overcoming the voltage failure caused by a sharp increase in load in the steady-state operation of an autonomous electrical complex. METHODS. For the successful fulfillment of the tasks set, this study applied the methods of mathematical modeling of power supply systems, methods of simulation modeling, the theories of automatic control, automated electric drive, and electrical circuits. Also, in research used the MATLAB software package with the built-in Simulink graphic modeling environment to create a mathematical computer model and to process the data obtained analytically. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the research topic. The study provides criteria for choosing the composition of backup power sources. Mathematical and simulation models of an autonomous ETC have been developed according to the “power source-frequency converter-industrial load” scheme, taking into account the influence of a non-linear load on the specified power quality indicators. The study has developed the structure of an autonomous electrical complex with a combined composition of backup power sources, which allows to overcome the voltage drop in the network caused by a sharp load surge, while ensuring the required indicators of electricity quality. CONCLUSIONS. The use of a rechargeable battery makes it possible to increase the overload threshold of the main diesel generator set regulated by GOST R 53987-2010 from 30% to 60%, as well as to ensure reliable connection of a backup diesel generator set without interrupting technological processes.
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Chang, Wei-Neng, and Ching-Huan Liao. "Development of an SDBC-MMCC-Based DSTATCOM for Real-Time Single-Phase Load Compensation in Three-Phase Power Distribution Systems." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 4705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244705.
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This paper proposes a newly developed single-delta bridge-cell, modular multilevel cascade converter (SDBC-MMCC)-based distribution-level static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) for single-phase load compensation in three-phase, three-wire electric power distribution systems. Each main circuit arm of the DSTATCOM uses a modular multilevel cascade converter based on full-H-bridge (FHB) cells. The three main DSTATCOM arms are delta-connected to allow phase-independent operations for phase balancing and unity power factor correction of the single-phase load in three-phase, three-wire electric power distribution systems. By using the symmetrical components method, a feedforward compensation algorithm was employed for the DSTATCOM. A simulation of the DSTATCOM was performed for functioning verification. Finally, a hardware test system was built by using a multi-DSP-based control system. The test results verified the effectiveness of the proposed SDBC-MMCC-based DSTATCOM in single-phase load compensation.
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Katrašnik, Tomaž, Ferdinand Trenc, Vladimir Medica, and Stojan Markič. "An Analysis of Turbocharged Diesel Engine Dynamic Response Improvement by Electric Assisting Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 4 (July 23, 2004): 918–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1924533.
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It is well known that turbocharged diesel engines suffer from an inadequate response to sudden load increase, this being a consequence of the nature of the energy exchange between the engine and the turbocharger. The dynamic response of turbocharged diesel engines could be improved by electric assisting systems, either by direct energy supply with an integrated starter-generator-booster (ISG) mounted on the engine flywheel, or indirect energy supply with an electrically assisted turbocharger. A previously verified zero dimensional computer simulation method was used for the analysis of both types of electrical assistance. The credibility of the data presented is further assured by the experimentally determined characteristics of the electric motors used as input parameters of the simulation. The paper offers an analysis of the interaction between a turbocharged diesel engine operating under various load conditions and electric assisting systems, as well as the requirements for supporting electric motors suitable for the improvement of an engine’s dynamic response. It is evident that an electrically assisted turbocharger outperforms an integrated starter-generator-booster for vehicle application, however ISG is the preferred solution when instant power increase is demanded.
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Pana, L. "Simulation of protection functions in LV shipboard electrical power systems." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXV, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-22-i1-001.
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The basic function of a shipboard electric power systems is to supply all consumers, both essential and non-essential, with electrical energy, as economically as possible and with an acceptable degree of quality. A shipboard electrical power system comprises three principal subsystems: generation (naval power plant-island mode plant), distribution and protection and automation. During operation all these subsystems may be affected by faults. In this aim all electrical installations on shipboards are to be protected against over-currents due to short- circuits or accidental overloads. The new ABB air circuit-breakers Emax 2 and Tmax T series can be used both as main circuit-breaker in low voltage generation and distribution systems. In addition to protection, the new air ABB circuit-breakers offer possibility of communication which are particularly suitable for automation, control, measurements, grid analysis, and energy savings. ABB Relays are high-performance electronic units for these circuit breakers. Their basic function is to monitor and protect the electric systems against fault current. The units also includes: measuring, data storage, communication, self-test, load control and zone selectivity functions for these circuit-breakers. This paper presents the analysis of protections and simulates how to trigger protections within shipboard power systems.
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Golodnyi, I., and A. Sanchenko. "Spectral analysis of the supply current of the rl load with a voltage regulator based on a pulse-line converter." Energy and automation, no. 4(56) (August 30, 2021): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2021.04.146.
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Pulse-width voltage regulators are gaining increasing use in industry, especially in variable speed drives. At the same time, little research has been done in the field of electromagnetic compatibility (spectral composition of current consumption). The aim of the study is to determine, using computer simulation, the nonsinusoidality of the current consumption with an RL-load from a voltage regulator based on a pulse-width conversion. The study of the spectral composition of the supply current of an active-inductive load with a pulse-width voltage regulator was carried out using the provisions of the theory of electrical circuits of sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal periodic current using computer simulation. To analyze the spectral composition of the supply current of the RL-load with the selected voltage regulator, a simulation computer model was created, which consisted of a three-phase power supply and an RL-load, a rectifier with a transistor switch. The regulation of the applied voltage to the consumer was carried out according to the principle of a pulse-width voltage converter. As a result of studying a model of a regulated power supply based on a pulse-width converter and working on an active-inductive load, it was found that even with an initial voltage of the fundamental harmonic regulator of 34 V, the nonsinusoidality of the consumption current is 0.19%, which corresponds to the quality standard for electricity. It is advisable to use this regulator for a controlled electric drive of ventilation systems with an increased slip motor, for example, in "Climate-4M" units. Key words: semiconductor voltage converter, pulse-width converter, higher harmonics, RL-load
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Melnikov, V., O. Talipov, and Yu Kibartene. "EVALUATING THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING CONTROLLED COMPENSATION SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY IN ELECTRIC GRIDS." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Energetics series, no. 2021.3 (September 11, 2021): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/jbmz50037.
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The paper considers issues of increasing efficiency of multilevel power converter based on IGCT and IGBT modules to improve energy performance by compensating reactive power in electric networks. By the example of a local power grid using SEMIS SimulationTool design tool the results of calculations of variants of multilevel converters with IGCT and IGBT are presented. The study of possibilities to increase the efficiency of multilevel power converters (MPE) for reactive power compensation (RPC) in local electrical networks (LES) on the basis of plenipotentiary controlled semiconductor cells is of particular interest, because the efficiency of network operation is insufficient, especially in changing load modes with large electric power losses (PEM). And from these positions, one of the most effective tools are fast controlled (PFC) systems. For this purpose, research has been carried out to obtain the best results. Used in calculations tool and methodology are certified software products and algorithms of ABB-SEMIS Simulation Tool computer design.
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Shklyarskiy, Yaroslav, Aleksandr Skamyin, Iaroslav Vladimirov, and Farit Gazizov. "Distortion Load Identification Based on the Application of Compensating Devices." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061430.
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The article provides an analysis of the existing methods of identifying the consumer’s contribution to voltage distortion at a point of common coupling. The considered methods do not allow correctly and fairly determining the source of harmonic distortions, or they have limited application and difficulties in implementation. The paper proposes new methods for determining the source of high harmonics. The developed methods and techniques are based on the analysis of the grid operation modes with two connected consumers using compensating devices, such as reactive power compensation devices and passive harmonic filters. It is shown that the most promising method is the application of harmonic filters, which allows determining the share of the consumer’s contribution to the voltage distortion. The present research is carried out using a computer simulation of the existing electrical grid, to which consumers with nonlinear electric load are connected. These methods can be implemented to assess the power quality and the shareholding of different consumers connected at the point of common coupling. Furthermore, such methods appear to be feasible, as almost every enterprise currently has such facilities in operation.
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Boussadia, Fethi, and Saad Belkhiat. "A New Adaptive Underfrequency Load Shedding Scheme to Improve Frequency Stability in Electric Power System." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540208.
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This paper proposes a new adaptive underfrequency load shedding scheme (UFLS) to avoid frequency instability in electrical power system during abnormal wide area disturbances. The developed scheme is based on online monitoring of the distance relay zone 3 decisions of some tie lines using (WAMS) and SCADA/EMS systems, to check rapidly and reliably the uncontrolled islanding conditions and, permit an automatic load shedding action to maintain frequency stability of power system. Simulation results on 400 kV Turkish transmission systems demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed scheme compared to current frequency load shedding schemes which they cannot consider all possible circumstances because of their limited access to the power network data. Simulation results clearly indicate that large disturbances in power systems can be avoided and their propagation can also be stopped using the proposed scheme.
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Caldora, Marzia, Maria Carmen Falvo, Alessandro Lampasi, and Gianluca Marelli. "Preliminary Design of the Electrical Power Systems for DTT Nuclear Fusion Plant." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 5446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125446.
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The realization of the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility is one of the key milestones of the European Roadmap, aiming to explore alternative power exhaust solutions for DEMO, the first nuclear-fusion power plant that will be connected to the European grid. For the actual implementation of the DTT and DEMO plants, it is necessary to define the structure of the internal electric power distribution system, able to supply unconventional loads with a sufficient level of reliability. The present paper reports the preliminary studies for the feasibility and realization of the electrical power systems of DTT, describing the methodology adopted to obtain a first distribution configuration and providing some simulation results. In particular, the first stage of the study deals with the survey and characterization of the electrical loads, which allows defining a general layout of the facility and size the main electrical components. To verify the correctness of the assumptions, simulation models of the grid were implemented in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software in order to carry out power flow and fault analyses.
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Chuprina, Nikolay, Sergey Sedykh, Aleksandr Pugachev, and Vladimir Maklakov. "SIMULATION OF AC ELECTRIC DRIVE WITH SPACE-VECTOR MODULATION ALGORITHMS." Automation and modeling in design and management, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2658-6436-2022-1-80-88.
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The relevance of investigation of induction motor electric drives with frequency converters having voltage source inverter with space-vector modulation is shown. The brief survey of researches of such matter is carried out. The aim of this article is to develop mathematical and computer model of frequency converter with space-vector modulation algorithms by means of Matlab Simulink, this model has to be implemented into the Matlab models of AC electric drives with induction and synchronous motors. To achieve such an aim, it needs to introduce techniques of electric drive theory, numerical techniques, techniques of algebraic equations system solution, techniques of computer simulation. The still two-phase framework is applied to describe the converter model. The two-level voltage source inverter is chosen for the investigation of modulation algorithms. To verify the mathematical model of space-vector modulation, the model of 5.5 kW induction motor is used. Induction motor and power switches are modelled by means of Matlab SimPowerSystems units. The results of simulation show the adequacy of the developed model in both steady state and transient modes. One can conclude the dependence of total harmonic distortion of the induction motor stator current from load torque, switching frequency of voltage source inverter’s power switches and stator current frequency for the electric drive with scalar control system.
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Hu, Shubo, Feixiang Peng, Zhengnan Gao, Changqiang Ding, Hui Sun, and Wei Zhou. "Sample Entropy Based Net Load Tracing Dispatch of New Energy Power System." Energies 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010193.
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The high-proportion of renewable energies is gradually becoming one of the main power supply sources and bringing strong uncertainties to the power grid. In this paper, a sample entropy (SampEn) based net load tracing dispatch strategy with a specific thermal generating mode is proposed. In this strategy, renewable energies are fully and preferentially consumed by electric loads, turned to net loads, to maximize the utilization of renewable energies. SampEn theory is utilized to evaluate the complexity of net load time series, based on which, the traditional power generators trace the complexity of the net load flexibly. According to the SampEn, a specific generating model of thermal generators is determined and the cooperation between thermal generators and pumped storage is realized, aiming at reducing the ramp power of thermal generators and increasing the throughput of pumped storage. The experiment simulation is developed on the 10-unit test system. Results show that the ramping power of the thermal generators are reduced 43% and 13% in the two cases together with the throughput of pumped storage is increased 44% and 27% on the premise that the economy of the system is maintained and renewable energies are fully consumed. Therefore, the efficiency and reasonability of the proposed dispatch strategy are confirmed.
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Barrero-González, Fermín, María Isabel Milanés-Montero, Eva González-Romera, Enrique Romero-Cadaval, and Carlos Roncero-Clemente. "Control Strategy for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Power Converters with Active Functions." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 3971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203971.
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Based on the assumption that vehicles served by petrol stations will be replaced by Electric Vehicles (EV) in the future, EV public charging station facilities, with off-board fast chargers, will be progressively built. The power demand of these installations is expected to cause great impact on the grid, not only in terms of peak power demanded but also in terms of power quality, because most battery chargers behave as non-linear loads. This paper presents the proposal of a novel comprehensive global control strategy for the power electronic converters associated with bidirectional three-phase EV off-board fast chargers. The Charging Station facility Energy Management System (CS-EMS) sends to each individual fast charger the active and reactive power setpoints. Besides, in case the charger has available capacity, it is assigned to compensate a fraction of the harmonic current demanded by other loads at the charging facility. The proposed approach works well under distorted and unbalanced grid voltages. Its implementation results in improvement in the power quality of each fast charger, which contributes to improvement in the power quality at the charging station facility level, which can even provide ancillary services to the distribution network. Simulation tests are conducted, using a 100 kW power electronic converter model, under different load and grid conditions, to validate the effectiveness and the applicability of the proposed control strategy.
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Soo Lee, Gee, Moo Yeon Lee, Ki Hyun Kim, and Chan Jung Kim. "Selection of damping coefficient of simplified mount module to control transmissibility of environmental response under nobase mass-block." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.12 (April 3, 2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11114.
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Background/Objectives: This paper focused on the simplified design of passive mount modulein electric power plants using only spring and damper elements.Methods/Statistical analysis: The selection of elements in a proposed simplified passive mount module was proceeded under the requirement, which is to show the response level same or less as compare to the case of current mount module. The response at the upper location of mount affect to negative effect on the responsible electric power plants so the design criterion should be satisfied with the newly proposed simple mount module.Findings: The frequency response function between the force and response acceleration at upper position of mount module was calculated from the theoretical mount module and the transmissibility function, between two response accelerations at two different passive mount modules, was evaluated for interesting harmonic frequencies (from 1X to 4X). The primary interesting frequency(X)was determined at 30(Hz) since the operation condition of the combustion engine in electric power plant is scheduled to be operated at constant 1,800(rev/min). Several simulation cases can be obtained for different combination of selected dampingcoefficients at the proposed mount module. The magnitude of transmissibility function should be less than one all interesting frequencies and the reasonable condition of the simple mount module can be derived from the simulation result.Then, the validation of the designed simplified mount module was conducted by preparing two kinds of mount module and the acceleration responses were measured at 1,800(rev/min) operation under 100% electric load. The spectral response at interesting frequencies confirms the superiority of the newly proposed mount module.Improvements/Applications: The simplified structure of mount module can be possible to save installation cost and time simultaneously and it is easy to conduct the maintenance of mount module.
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Yao, Kun, Ying Wang, Zongjie Li, Jiajia Li, Jie Wan, and Yong Cao. "Fault Detection and Isolation of Load Mutation Caused by Electrical Interference of Single-Shaft Combined Cycle Power Plant." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 11472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211472.
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Because the generator power-measuring equipment is often accompanied by electrical interference in a complex electromagnetic environment in an actual thermal power plant, the output signal will change or even distort while it passes through the devices of acquisition and conversion. Several practical cases have found that the abnormal generation change phenomenon, impulse or oscillation caused by electrical interference, has different effects on the load regulation of steam turbines. These faults also exist in combined-cycle power plants (CCPPs). However, the insufficient installed capacity and operating life of CCPPs domestically cause similar load mutation failures that are scarcely found. We had to acknowledge that CCPPs and steam turbine regulation characteristics differ. It is of great value to study the influence of differences in load mutation on the load regulation of single-shaft CCPPs. We extracted the fault characteristics of two sudden load change phenomena using the operation data of an actual steam turbine and analyzed them through simulation. Furthermore, a fault detection and isolation method for sudden load changes in a single-shaft CCPP was proposed and the simulation results verified the method’s effectiveness.
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Asban, Mohammad Reza, Jamshid Aghaei, Taher Niknam, and Mohammad Amin Akbari. "Designing Static VAr Compensator capacity to enhance power quality in electric arc furnaces." SIMULATION 93, no. 6 (February 1, 2017): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549716687826.
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This paper introduces a method for reducing damages arising from voltage fluctuations, voltage flicker, imbalance in the three-phase and power factor reduction caused by electric arc furnaces. A novel equation is defined to calculate the susceptance values of the static var compensator control system, the active power functions of phase load as well as the reactive power ones that have been used to suppress the voltage fluctuation. By compensating the impulsive part of active power component in the impulsive loads, not only can we reduce voltage fluctuations, flicker effects, balance the system and increase the power factor, but also voltage stabilization can be directly controlled. By studying this method and simulating on Electro-Magnetic Transients Program (EMTP) software, we can see that, according to the allowable flicker limit, a compensation method can balance the system, increase power factor and resolve the problem of voltage fluctuations and flicker.
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Shneen, Salam Waley, and Ghada Adel Aziz. "Simulation model of 3-phase PWM rectifier by using MATLAB/Simulink." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 3736. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp3736-3746.
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Many industrial applications require the use of power electronic devices, which in turn help in overcoming the problems of variable load and fluctuations that occur at the end of feeding. The current study emphasizes that the use of different electric power generation systems with industrial applications needs control devices to work on improving the power quality and performance of systems in which there is an imbalance in the voltage or current due to the change of loads or feeding from the source. The present study also presents a model of a transformer widely used in industrial applications and this work includes simulating a three-phase rectifier by MATLAB. There are four cases in this work HWR (uncontrolled and controlled) and FWR (uncontrolled and uncontrolled) with different loads (R, RL & RC) including full wave type AC/DC using six electronic transformer silicon control rectifier (SCRs) once as well as unified half wave using three electronic transformer silicon control rectifier (SCRs). Simulation results include input, output voltage, and current with the waveform.
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Xue, Ming, Qingxin Yang, Chunzhi Li, Pengcheng Zhang, Shuting Ma, and Xin Zhang. "Collaborative Optimization Method of Power and Efficiency for LCC-S Wireless Power Transmission System." Electronics 10, no. 24 (December 12, 2021): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243088.
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Dynamic wireless charging enables moving equipment such as electric vehicles, robots to be charged in motion, and thus is a research hotspot. The applications in practice, however, suffer from mutual inductance fluctuation due to unavoidable environmental disturbances. In addition, the load also changes during operation, which makes the problem more complicated. This paper analyzes the impacts of equivalent load and mutual inductances variation over the system by LCC-S topology modeling utilizing two-port theory. The optimal load expression is derived. Moreover, a double-sided control strategy enabling optimal efficiency and power adjustment is proposed. Voltage conducting angles on the inverter and rectifier are introduced. The simulation and experimental results verify the proposed method.
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Zhao, Zhongbin, Jing Zhang, Yu He, and Ying Zhang. "Island DC Microgrid Hierarchical Coordinated Multi-Mode Control Strategy." Energies 12, no. 15 (August 5, 2019): 3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12153012.
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As renewable energy sources connecting to power systems continue to improve and new-type loads, such as electric vehicles, grow rapidly, direct current (DC) microgrids are attracting great attention in distribution networks. In order to satisfy the voltage stability requirements of island DC microgrids, the problem of inaccurate load power dispatch caused by line resistance must be solved and the defects of centralized communication and control must be overcome. A hierarchical, coordinated, multiple-mode control strategy based on the switch of different operation modes is proposed in this paper and a three-layer control structure is designed for the control strategy. Based on conventional droop control, a current-sharing layer and a multi-mode switching layer are used to ensure the stable operation of the DC microgrid. Accurate load power dispatch is satisfied using a difference discrete consensus algorithm. Furthermore, virtual bus voltage information is applied to guarantee smooth switching between various modes, which safeguards voltage stability. Simulation verification is carried out for the proposed control strategy by power systems computer aided design/electromagnetic transients including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC). The results indicate that the proposed control strategy guarantees the voltage stability of island DC microgrids and accurate load power dispatch under different operation modes.
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He, Hengjing, Shangli Zhou, Leping Zhang, Junhong Lin, Weile Chen, and Di Wu. "Beetle Swarm Optimization Algorithm-Based Load Control with Electricity Storage." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2020 (November 25, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8896612.
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Based on the intelligent bidirectional interactive technology, this paper studies the flexible working mode and optimal power consumption strategy of several typical power consumption loads including energy storage equipment. Based on the real-time price scheme, the objective function and constraints are obtained, and the adaptive algorithm for beetle swarm optimization with variable whisker length is used to optimize so that the electric equipment can automatically change its power load through the intelligent terminal and even work in the way of reverse power transmission. The proposed optimal scheduling algorithm can not only maximize the interests of users but also ensure the minimum peak to average ratio so as to realize peak shaving and valley filling. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
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Allaoua, Boumediène, Brahim Mebarki, and Abdellah Laoufi. "A Robust Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller Synthesis Applied on Boost DC-DC Converter Power Supply for Electric Vehicle Propulsion System." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2013 (May 23, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/587687.
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The development of electric vehicles power electronics system control comprising of DC-AC inverters and DC-DC converters takes a great interest of researchers in the modern industry. A DC-AC inverter supplies the high power electric vehicle motors torques of the propulsion system and utility loads, whereas a DC-DC converter supplies conventional low-power, low-voltage loads. However, the need for high power bidirectional DC-DC converters in future electric vehicles has led to the development of many new topologies of DC-DC converters. Nonlinear control of power converters is an active area of research in the fields of power electronics. This paper focuses on a fuzzy sliding mode strategy (FSMS) as a control strategy for boost DC-DC converter power supply for electric vehicle. The proposed fuzzy controller specifies changes in the control signal based on the surface and the surface change knowledge to satisfy the sliding mode stability and attraction conditions. The performances of the proposed fuzzy sliding controller are compared to those obtained by a classical sliding mode controller. The satisfactory simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed control law which reduces the chattering phenomenon. Moreover, the obtained results prove the robustness of the proposed control law against variation of the load resistance and the input voltage of the studied converter.
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Yao, Fang, Jiawei Wang, Fushuan Wen, Chung-Li Tseng, Xingyong Zhao, and Qiang Wang. "An Integrated Planning Strategy for a Power Network and the Charging Infrastructure of Electric Vehicles for Power System Resilience Enhancement." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 3918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203918.
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This paper addresses the integrated planning problem of a power network and the charging infrastructure of electric vehicles (EVs) for enhancing power system resilience under various extreme weather scenarios. The planning methodology determines the optimal joint expansion decisions while modeling the benchmark system operation under the n − k resilience criterion. The proposed coordinated planning framework is a robust two-stage/tri-level mixed-integer optimization model. The proposed robust joint planning model includes the construction plan in the first level, identifying the worst-case scenario in the second level, and optimizing the operation cost and load shedding in the final level. To solve this model, a duality-based column and constraint generation (D-CCG) algorithm is developed. Using case studies, both the robust sole transmission planning and joint planning models are demonstrated on the IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus power systems. Numerical simulations of the benchmark systems validate the effectiveness of the developed framework and the efficiency of the proposed solution approach. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed robust integrated planning over the sole transmission planning model.
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Yao, Gang, Changbo Du, Quanbo Ge, Haoyu Jiang, Yide Wang, Mourad Ait-Ahmed, and Luc Moreau. "Traffic-Condition-Prediction-Based HMA-FIS Energy-Management Strategy for Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicles." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 21, 2019): 4426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234426.
Full textAbstract:
In the field of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs), a fuel-cell stack usually works together with a battery to improve powertrain performance. In this hybrid-power system, an Energy Management Strategy (EMS) is essential to configure the hybrid-power sources to provide sufficient energy for driving the FCEV in different traffic conditions. The EMS determines the overall performance of the power supply system; accordingly, EMS research has important theoretical significance and application values on the improvement of energy-utilization efficiency and the serviceability of vehicles’ hybrid-power sources. To overcome the deficiency of apparent filtering lag and improve the adaptability of an EMS to different traffic conditions, this paper proposes a novel EMS based on traffic-condition predictions, frequency decoupling and a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was designed to predict traffic conditions according to the vehicle’s running parameters; then, a Hull Moving Average (HMA) algorithm, with filter-window width decided by the prediction result, is introduced to split the demanded power and keep low-frequency components in order to meet the load characteristics of the fuel cell; afterward, an FIS was applied to manage power flows of the FCEV’s hybrid-power sources and maintain the State of Change (SoC) of the battery in a predefined range. Finally, an FCEV simulation platform was built with MATLAB/Simulink and comparison simulations were carried out with the standard test cycle of the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicle Test Procedures (WLTPs). Simulation results showed that the proposed EMS could efficiently coordinate the hybrid-power sources and support the FCEV in following the reference speed with negligible control errors and sufficient power supply; the SoC of the battery was also maintained with good adaptability in different driving conditions.
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Lück, Sebastian, Tim Wittmann, Jan Göing, Christoph Bode, and Jens Friedrichs. "Impact of Condensation on the System Performance of a Fuel Cell Turbocharger." Machines 10, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10010059.
Full textAbstract:
A mobile fuel cell systems power output can be increased by pressure amplification using an electric turbocharger. These devices are subject to frequent transient manoeuvres due to a multitude of load changes during the mission in automotive applications. In this paper, the authors describe a simulation approach for an electric turbocharger, considering the impact of moist air and condensation within the cathode gas supply system. Therefore, two simulation approaches are used: an iterative simulation method and one based on a set of ordinary differential equations. Additional information is included from turbine performance maps taking into account condensation using Euler–Lagrange CFD simulations, which are presented. The iterative calculation approach is well suited to show the impact of condensation and moist air on the steady state thermodynamic cycle and yields a significant shift of the steady state operating line towards the surge line. It is shown that a substantial risk of surge occurs during transient deceleration manoeuvres triggered by a load step.
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Pan, Zhixin, Jianming Wang, Wenlong Liao, Haiwen Chen, Dong Yuan, Weiping Zhu, Xin Fang, and Zhen Zhu. "Data-Driven EV Load Profiles Generation Using a Variational Auto-Encoder." Energies 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2019): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050849.
Full textAbstract:
Although the penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in distribution networks can improve the energy saving and emission reduction effects, its random and uncertain nature limits the ability of distribution networks to accept the load of EVs. To this end, establishing a load profile model of EV charging stations accurately and reasonably is of great significance to the planning, operation and scheduling of power system. Traditional generation methods for EV load profiles rely too much on experience, and need to set up a power load probability distribution in advance. In this paper, we propose a data-driven approach for load profiles of EV generation using a variational automatic encoder. Firstly, an encoder composed of deep convolution networks and a decoder composed of transposed convolution networks are trained using the original load profiles. Then, the new load profiles are obtained by decoding the random number which obeys a normal distribution. The simulation results show that EV load profiles generated by the deep convolution variational auto-encoder can not only retain the temporal correlation and probability distribution nature of the original load profiles, but also have a good restorative effect on the time distribution and fluctuation nature of the original power load.
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Elwalaty, Moustapha, Mohamed Jemli, and Hechmi Ben Azza. "Modeling, Analysis, and Implementation of Series-Series Compensated Inductive Coupled Power Transfer (ICPT) System for an Electric Vehicle." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2020 (January 24, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9561523.
Full textAbstract:
This paper focuses on the modeling and implementation of an Electric Vehicle (EV) wireless charging system based on inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) technique where electrical energy can be wirelessly transferred from source to vehicle battery. In fact, the wireless power transfer (WPT) system can solve the fundamental problems of the electric vehicle, which are the short battery life of the EV due to limited battery storage and the user safety by handling high voltage cables. In addition, this paper gives an equivalent electrical circuit of the DC-DC converter for WPT and comprises some basic components, which include the H-bridge inverter, inductive coupling transformer, filter, and rectifier. The input impedance of ICPT with series-series compensation circuit, their phases, and the power factor are calculated and plotted by using Matlab scripts programming for different air gap values between the transmitter coil and receiver coil. The simulation results indicate that it is important to operate the system in the resonance state to transfer the maximum real power from the source to the load. A mathematical expression of optimal equivalent load resistance, corresponding to a maximal transmission efficiency of a wireless charging system, was demonstrated in detail. Finally, a prototype of a wireless charging system has been constructed for using two rectangular coils. The resonant frequency of the designed system with a 500 × 200 mm transmitter coil and a 200 × 100 mm receiver coil is 10 kHz. By carefully adjusting the circuit parameters, the implementation prototype have been successfully transferred a 100 W load power through 10 cm air gap between the coils.
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Nusair, Khaled, and Lina Alhmoud. "Application of Equilibrium Optimizer Algorithm for Optimal Power Flow with High Penetration of Renewable Energy." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 6066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226066.
Full textAbstract:
In recent decades, the energy market around the world has been reshaped to accommodate the high penetration of renewable energy resources. Although renewable energy sources have brought various benefits, including low operation cost of wind and solar PV power plants, and reducing the environmental risks associated with the conventional power resources, they have imposed a wide range of difficulties in power system planning and operation. Naturally, classical optimal power flow (OPF) is a nonlinear problem. Integrating renewable energy resources with conventional thermal power generators escalates the difficulty of the OPF problem due to the uncertain and intermittent nature of these resources. To address the complexity associated with the process of the integration of renewable energy resources into the classical electric power systems, two probability distribution functions (Weibull and lognormal) are used to forecast the voltaic power output of wind and solar photovoltaic, respectively. Optimal power flow, including renewable energy, is formulated as a single-objective and multi-objective problem in which many objective functions are considered, such as minimizing the fuel cost, emission, real power loss, and voltage deviation. Real power generation, bus voltage, load tap changers ratios, and shunt compensators values are optimized under various power systems’ constraints. This paper aims to solve the OPF problem and examines the effect of renewable energy resources on the above-mentioned objective functions. A combined model of wind integrated IEEE 30-bus system, solar PV integrated IEEE 30-bus system, and hybrid wind and solar PV integrated IEEE 30-bus system is performed using the equilibrium optimizer technique (EO) and other five heuristic search methods. A comparison of simulation and statistical results of EO with other optimization techniques showed that EO is more effective and superior and provides the lowest optimization value in term of electric power generation, real power loss, emission index and voltage deviation.
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Krznar, Matija, Danijel Pavković, Mihael Cipek, and Juraj Benić. "Modeling, Controller Design and Simulation Groundwork on Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Hybrid Power Unit." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 7125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217125.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the results of modeling, control system design and simulation verification of a hybrid-electric drive topology suitable for power flow control within unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The hybrid power system is based on the internal combustion engine (ICE) driving a brushless DC (BLDC) generator supplying the common DC bus used for power distribution within the aircraft. The overall control system features proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback control of the ICE rotational speed using a Luenberger estimator for engine-generator set rotational speed estimation. The BLDC generator active rectifier voltage and current are controlled by proportional-integral (PI) feedback controllers, augmented by estimator-based feed-forward load compensators. The overall control system design has been based on damping optimum criterion, which yields straightforward analytical expressions for controller and estimator parameters. The robustness to key process parameters variations is investigated by means of root-locus methodology, and the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid power unit control system is verified by means of comprehensive computer simulations.