Journal articles on the topic 'Electric power-plants – Dust control'
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Vukosavic, Slobodan, Nikola Popov, and Zeljko Despotovic. "Power electronics solution to dust emissions from thermal power plants." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 7, no. 2 (2010): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1002231v.
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Thermal power stations emit significant amounts of fly ash and ultra fine particles into the atmosphere. Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) or electro filters remove flying ashes and fine particles from the flue gas before passing the gas into the chimney. Maximum allowable value of dust is 50 mg/m3 and it requires that the efficiency of the ESPs better than 99 %, which calls for an increase of active surface of the electrodes, hence increasing the filter volume and the weight of steel used for the filter. In previous decades, electrostatic precipitators in thermal power plants were fed by thyristor controlled, single phase fed devices having a high degree of reliability, but with a relatively low collection efficiency, hence requiring large effective surface of the collection plates and a large weight of steel construction in order to achieve the prescribed emission limits. Collection efficiency and energy efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator can be increased by applying high frequency high voltage power supply (HF HV). Electrical engineering faculty of the University of Belgrade (ETF) has developed technology and HF HV equipment for the ESP power supply. This solution was subjected to extensive experimental investigation at TE Morava from 2008 to 2010. High frequency power supply is proven to reduce emission two times in controlled conditions while increasing energy efficiency of the precipitator, compared to the conventional thyristor controlled 50Hz supply. Two high frequency high voltage unit AR70/1000 with parameters 70 kV and 1000 mA are installed at TE Morava and thoroughly testes. It was found that the HF HV power supply of the ESP at TE Morava increases collection efficiency so that emission of fine particles and flying ashes are halved, brought down to only 50 % of the emissions encountered with conventional 50 Hz thyristor driven power supplies. On the basis of this study, conclusion is drawn that the equipment comprising HF HV supplies are the best solution for new ESP installations, as well as for the reconstruction of existing facilities. The paper describes the topology of the HF HV power supply, power management and controls, and brings the most important details of the implementation. It is found that the HF HV solution achieves several significant improvements over the conventional thyristor system. It is possible to provide more precise control of the ESP parameters such as the output voltages and currents. It is also possible to make a rapid increase or decrease in voltage and to effectuate a very fast response to load changes. Due to this advantages it is possible to suppress the supply quickly in the case of sparking, reducing the spark energy and the quantity of ionized gasses produced by the electric arc. Reduction in the spark energy is up to 10 times compared to conventional thyristors solution. This means that the erosion of the electrode system is significantly reduced, and that the quality of the collection plates is preserved for much longer periods. At the same time, lower quantity of ionized gasses produced by the spark contribute to much shorter deionization intervals, required to quit sparking and evacuate charged particles in order to reinstate the voltage and proceed with the operation. In addition, HF HV power supply provides a significant reduction in size and weight of the complete ESP installation, hence reducing the tons of steel that has to be built in. Therefore, the HF HV power supply may be the key instrument to reducing the cost of the dedusting ecological equipment. Besides, size and weight reduction leads to cost savings of installation and maintenance. According to estimates, savings in steel may reach 30%, contributing to the overall cost savings of roughly 20%. Within this paper, in addition to describing the AR70/1000 unit topology and principles of operation, the paper presents the results and measurements obtained during extensive experimental investigations wherein performances of 50 Hz based thyristor units with T/R sets are compared to HF HV power supply.
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Wang, Zhongwei, Zhi-gang Su, Xiaojin Zhu, and Yongsheng Hao. "Dynamic Models of Dry Electrostatic Precipitator in a 1000MW Coal-fired Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913602006.
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Dynamic model is the foundation to achieve feedback control of Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) so as to reduce dust emission concentration and high power consumption. This paper investigates the dynamic modeling of outlet dust concentration of a dry electric precipitator with five electric field structure in a 1000MW power plant. The secondary current of the high-frequency power supply of the last two electric fields of the ESP are taken as control inputs, whereas the outlet dust concentration is taken as output. With increasingly stepping the secondary current at four typical load points, experimental data of outlet dust concentration are collected to identify parameters of dynamic models after fixing its structure based on an immune genetic algorithm. The experimental results suggest that the established dynamic models can capture the real dynamics of ESP and have high accuracy.
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Popa, Gabriel Nicolae. "About Improving Collection Efficiency for Industrial Plate-Type Electrostatic Precipitator." Advanced Engineering Forum 8-9 (June 2013): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.8-9.165.
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Plate-type electrostatic precipitators are the largest and most used industrial dusts control, most applications are in the production of electricity (thermoelectric power plants). In many industrial applications, plate-type precipitators have three sections and silicon-controlled rectifier power supplies type. Although, the collection efficiency obtained by these type of precipitators are more than 95%, most of the dust particles with diameter less than 10 μm remain un-collected. To improve the collection efficiency different electrical and/or mechanical options can be used. To improve the collection efficiency of industrial plate-type precipitators, the paper presents two practical options. The first solution would be replacing the power supplies silicon-controlled rectifier - with other special power supplies (intermittent power supplies, high frequency power supplies) depending on the dust resistivity; the second solution would be to add a new section at precipitator an expensive solution, usually the last. The technological and electrical sizes, simulated and measured, are presented for the proposed solutions.
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Sengupta, Saheli, Aritra Ghosh, Tapas K. Mallick, Chandan Kumar Chanda, Hiranmay Saha, Indrajit Bose, Joydip Jana, and Samarjit Sengupta. "Model Based Generation Prediction of SPV Power Plant Due to Weather Stressed Soiling." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 5305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175305.
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Solar energy is going to be a major component of global energy generation. Loss due to dust deposition has raised a great concern to the investors in this field. Pre-estimation of this reduced generation and hence the economic loss will help the operators’ readiness for efficient and enhanced economic energy management of the system. In an earlier article, a physics–based model is proposed for assessment of dust accumulation under various climatic conditions which is validated by data of a single location. In this paper, the universality of this model is established and is used to demonstrate the effect of generation loss due to dust deposition and of cleaning. Variation in the soiling pattern due to climatic covariates has also been studied. Generation loss is calculated for Solar Photovoltaic power plants of different capacities at various locations in India. Finally this model has also been extended to predict the generation accounting for the soiling loss in Photovoltaic system. All the calculated and predicted results are validated with the measured values of the above plants.
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Wang, Cheng Fu, and Xiao Dong Shi. "Harm and Trapping Strategy Research on Tiny Dusts PM2.5." Applied Mechanics and Materials 88-89 (August 2011): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.503.
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The fine dust PM2.5 can suspend in the air for a long period, penetrate human body's defense system, and deposit directly into the alveoli, where does harm to health. Because of the serious pollution and the trapping difficulty of ordinary dust removal technologies, PM2.5 has become the focus of international air pollution control. To effectively capture PM2.5, detailed analysis of the creation of PM2.5 have been done, and different trapping strategies specific to different creation sources have been posed in this paper. Low collection efficiency of PM2.5 can be expected to be solved by the electrostatic precipitator, which applies the charging and coagulation for fine dust, penetrating-type electric field, high frequency DC power supply, combined with reduced voltage optimization of the rapping mode, etc.
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Cichowicz, Robert, and Maciej Dobrzański. "Modeling Pollutant Emissions: Influence of Two Heat and Power Plants on Urban Air Quality." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 5218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175218.
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Large industrial plants, power plants, and combined heat and power plants are popularly believed to be the main sources of point emissions, affecting both local and global air quality. This is because these installations emit significant amounts of pollutants at high altitudes every year. In this study, we investigate the impact of two solid fuel (hard coal)-fired CHP plants located within the urban agglomeration on the air quality of the city of Lodz in Poland (Europe). We used an OPA03 computer software to model the spatial distribution of pollutants. The results show that the annual average concentrations of pollutants were highest at an altitude of 25 m above ground level and decreased at lower measurement heights. The concentrations did not exceed permissible levels, reaching only 4% of national and international regulatory limits. We also made field measurements during the winter heating period, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with sensors to map the distributions of dust and gas pollutants in the areas with the highest concentrations of emissions from the two heat and power plants. Overall, the field measurements confirmed that it is not high-altitude emissions that have the greatest impact on local air quality.
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Et. al., Tawseef Ahmad Wani,. "A Review of Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Neural Network Technologies Used for MPPT." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 2912–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2327.
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Solar electric power generating stations play a major role in meeting the growing demand for electric power. These generating stations make use of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels to perform the conversion of solar energy to electric energy. However, the solar panel output is highly unpredictable because the output is a function of number of factors; some of which are not in the control of humans like the weather conditions, and the output is also a function of the age of PV panel, dust and other debris collected on the panel, direction and angle of elevation and so on. The solar panels exhibit a low efficiency. Currently, a lot of research is going on to overcome these issues. This paper represents a review of two modern techniques used in solar photovoltaic systems which enhance the extraction of maximum output power in an efficient manner. The Artificial Intelligence Based MPPT Techniques for PV Applications, and, a Forecasting System of Solar PV Power Generation using Wavelet Decomposition and Bias- compensated Random Forest are reviewed and compared in this paper.
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Gazda-Grzywacz, Magdalena, Łukasz Winconek, and Piotr Burmistrz. "Carbon Footprint for Mercury Capture from Coal-Fired Boiler Flue Gas." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 3844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133844.
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Power production from coal combustion is one of two major anthropogenic sources of mercury emission to the atmosphere. The aim of this study is the analysis of the carbon footprint of mercury removal technologies through sorbents injection related to the removal of 1 kg of mercury from flue gases. Two sorbents, i.e., powdered activated carbon and the coke dust, were analysed. The assessment included both direct and indirect emissions related to various energy and material needs life cycle including coal mining and transport, sorbents production, transport of sorbents to the power plants, and injection into flue gases. The results show that at the average mercury concentration in processed flue gasses accounting to 28.0 µg Hg/Nm3, removal of 1 kg of mercury from flue gases required 14.925 Mg of powdered activated carbon and 33.594 Mg of coke dust, respectively. However, the whole life cycle carbon footprint for powdered activated carbon amounted to 89.548 Mg CO2-e·kg−1 Hg, whereas for coke dust this value was around three times lower and amounted to 24.452 Mg CO2-e·kg−1 Hg. Considering the relatively low price of coke dust and its lower impact on GHG emissions, it can be found as a promising alternative to commercial powdered activated carbon.
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Chang, Chiawei, Yishun Chen, Litsung Sheng, and Shusan Hsiau. "A New Approach of Dedusting for IGCC by a Two-Stage Moving Granular Bed Filter." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 2534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092534.
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We propose a dust removal technology in which a two-stage moving granular bed filter was employed using coarse and fine filtering granules. The pressure drop, collection efficiency, and dust particulate size distributions were investigated using various mass flow rates for coarse and fine granules at room temperature. In addition, the ratio of mass consumption was used to reveal the actual mass flow. The ratio of mass consumption influenced the pressure drop, collection efficiency, and dust particulate size distributions. Particulates larger than 1.775 μm were removed by the filter. Our results showed that a mass flow of 330 g/min for coarse granules and a mass flow of 1100 g/min for fine granules provided optimal collection efficiency and particulate size distribution. The proposed design can aid the development of high-temperature systems in power plants.
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Randeberg, Erlend, and Rolf K. Eckhoff. "Initiation of dust explosions by electric spark discharges triggered by the explosive dust cloud itself." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 19, no. 2-3 (March 2006): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2005.05.003.
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Po, Li Wen, King Leung Wong, and Wen Lih Chen. "An Innovative Heat Plate Diffusion System of the Smart Junction Box on a Solar PV Panel." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.30.
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The main function of junction box on a solar photovoltaic module is to transmit the electricity from solar photovoltaic panel to the load. The invented smart junction box is designed for the following purposes: (1) to optimize efficiency through auto control, (2) to reduce the vicious effect of the cloud and dust on electricity output, and (3) to prevent the battery from overcharging. When actuated, the temperature of inner transistor is raised up to 158 °C because it consumes more solar electric power than a conventional junction box. Thus, a more effective thermal diffusion system is invented to cool down inner transistor to avoid failure. It is found that the presented heat plate diffusion system modified from heat pipe is capable of satisfying all required thermal diffusion conditions of the smart junction box.
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Brągoszewska, Ewa, and Maja Pawlak. "Health Risks Associated with Occupational Exposure to Biological Air Pollutants Occurring during the Processing of Biomass for Energy Purposes: A Case Study." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082086.
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The main goal of this study was to assess the levels of concentration of biological air pollutants in biomass processing power plants, based on the measurements taken in a plant located in Southern Poland. This work shows problems related to the co-combustion of biomass and indicates the health risks to which employees of positions closely related to the processing and combustion of biomass are exposed. Bacterial and fungal aerosol samples were collected using a six-stage Andersen cascade impactor with aerodynamic cut-off diameters of 7.0, 4.7, 3.3, 2.1, 1.1 and 0.65 µm (Tisch Environmental, USA). The highest average concentration level of micro-organisms was recorded in the air in the biomass analysis laboratory, where there was no constant airflow. It was found that the concentration levels of biological agents were below the Polish proposals for threshold limit values in the work environment polluted with organic dust. However, it was observed that the share of the respirable fraction (RF) of bacterial aerosol (particles less than 3.3 µm) in workplaces was equal to or higher than 50% of the total concentration, which may cause increased potentially adverse health effects and problems with concentration among power plant employees. Therefore, to ensure adequate air quality in the tested object, it is necessary to properly ventilate. This preliminary research could be the important starting point for a complete and precise assessment of bioaerosol exposures in biomass processing power plants in order to protect workers’ health.
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Pian, Wei, Wenjing Cheng, Hongya Niu, and Jingsen Fan. "TEM study of fine particles from coal-fired power plant ambient air." World Journal of Engineering 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2016-042.
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Purpose This study aims to focus on the submicron particles (with diameter of 0.2-1.0 μm) of the ambient air from a coal-fired power plant. A systematic examination of their morphology, particle size and chemical element will be analyzed, so as to provide more scientific information and theoretical basis for the formation and control method of inhalable particles, as well as data support for environmental impact and ecological effects assessments. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the morphology, size distribution and elemental characteristics of submicron particles from ambient air of a coal-fired power plant are studied by single particle analysis. Findings The results show that atmospheric particles in coal-fired power plant are mainly spherical particles, and most of them are soot aggregates adhered or coated with other particles with few rectangle particles. The particles collected in the afternoon and evening are mainly of spherical particles, and small-sized particles collected in the morning are mainly spherical ones, while the overall concentration is larger than that of the spherical particles in the size range above 0.5 μm. The results indicated that the larger-sized spherical particles have a lower concentration. Originality/value Coal-fired power plants are still the main supply of electricity in China, but the inhalable particles, especially sub-micron particles (0.1-1.0 μm) cannot be effectively captured by the dust removal device from the coal-fired power plant. Thus, a large amount of inhalable particles is emitted into the atmosphere, becoming the major air pollutants in China.
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Youssefi, Reyhane, Jörg Maier, and Günter Scheffknecht. "Pilot-Scale Experiences on a Plasma Ignition System for Pulverized Fuels." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 4726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164726.
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The need for flexible power generation is growing worldwide as the energy transition is altering the operational regimes of thermal power plants. Plasma ignition systems, as an alternative technology to the conventional start-up method with natural gas or oil firing, offer a cost- and energy-efficient start-up process in pulverized fuel power stations. The application of plasma ignition systems for cold start-ups using different qualities of pre-dried lignite is investigated in a pilot-scale combustion facility. A plasma integrated swirl burner is developed and validated using highly ignitable lignite dust. Eight pre-dried lignite qualities with a moisture content of up to 30% and a broad particle size distribution are investigated for this application to determine the applicability and limitations of the plasma ignition system with regard to the fuel quality. The performance of lignites for cold start-up in the plasma ignition system are categorized based on their ignition and combustion performance. All lignite qualities were ignited under the cold-start-up condition with a plasma power of 4 kW to 7 kW. Lignite qualities with a moisture content of up to 20% and a median particle size of below 450 μm form a self-sustained flame with short-time plasma-supported combustion, while flame blow-out is observed for lignites with lower qualities.
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Lee, Jiwon, Midam An, Yongku Kim, and Jung-In Seo. "Optimal Allocation for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 5781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185781.
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Currently, more than 30% of the fine dust generated in the Seoul metropolitan area is a pollutant emitted from automobiles such as diesel vehicles, and air pollution caused by this is becoming increasingly serious. In addition, the importance of electric vehicle distribution is increasing due to the strengthening of international environmental regulations on automobile exhaust gas and increasing the possibility of depletion of petroleum resources. This manuscript proposes a method for selecting an optimal electric vehicle charging station location in expanding charging facilities to activate electric vehicle distribution. For the sake of illustration, directions will be provided on how to select the best location for electric vehicle charging stations using data from Seoul, which has the best access. As the features, the number of living population and work force people and the number of guest facilities, which are determined to affect demand for quick charging, are considered. The missing values of the observed data are imputed based on the kriging technique from spatial correlation, and by segmenting the data through clustering, a representative technique of unsupervised learning, the characteristics of each cluster are examined and the characteristics of the clusters are identified. In addition, machine learning techniques such as the elastic net, random forest, support vector machine, and extreme gradient boosting are applied to examine the influence of the features used in predicting classes of data. In clustering analysis, the optimal number of clusters was determined to be 3 based on the heuristic and information-theoretic methods, and all the machine learning techniques considered showed that the number of work force population is the most important feature in predicting classes of data. All things considered from our results, it is reasonable to install quick electric vehicle charging stations in the places with the highest concentration of work force population and guest facility.
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Yuan, Chunmiao, Jingzhi Cai, Paul Amyotte, Chang Li, Jiantao Hao, and Gang Li. "Effect of sample orientation on fire hazard of non-metallic dust layers exposed to electric sparks." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 54 (July 2018): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2018.04.001.
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Sudarmanta, Bambang, Sampurno, Bambang Arip Dwiyantoro, Satriyo Endra Gemilang, and Ary Bachtiar Krisna Putra. "Performance Characterization of Waste to Electric Prototype Uses a Dual Fuel Diesel Engine and a Multi-Stage Downdraft Gasification Reactor." Materials Science Forum 964 (July 2019): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.964.80.
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In this research, the characterization of waste to electric prototype performance using dual fuel diesel engine and multi stage downdraft gasification reactor was conducted. Syn-gas was produced by gasification process using downdraft gasification reactor with municipal solid waste feeding. The gasification system consists of feeding system, gasification reactor, gas refinery unit, dual fuel engine generator set and system control. Before entering the gasification reactor, municipal solid waste undergoes pre-treatment process, which consists of crusher, mixing and compacting into pellets of solid waste municipal. Municipal solid waste downdraft gasifier reactor converted pellets municipal solid waste throught drying, pyrolisis, partial oxidation and reduction processes to raw syn-gas. Using syn gas refinery unit, content dust and particles on raw syn gas was cleaned by water in current mode in water scrubber, where its also acts like a cooler unit. Syn gas is further used as fuel in dual fuel diesel engines with an input mechanism using a ventury mixer. The ventury mixer mechanism was used to manage the ratio of syn gas and combustion air. Yanmar diesel engine was modified with dual fuel that used air gas integration model and coupled with generator to resulted electrical power output. Downdraft gasification reactor resulted syn gas with efficiency to 66 % with gas composition CO, CH4 and H2 are 18.01%, 1.12% and 12.55% (vol%) and heating value of 4 MJ/Kg. Multistage mechanism can reduce the tar content until only 60 mg/Nm3. Engine performance on dual fuel mode operation with specific fuel consumption 0,17 kg/kwh of diesel fuel and 8 kg/kwh of msw pellets at 80% engine load. Overall, in this dual fuel system, syn gas from gasification process is able to substitute diesel consumption up to 44%.
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Bojanowska, Milena, Jarosław Chmiel, Maria Sozańska, Bartosz Chmiela, Joanna Grudzień, and Justyna Halska. "Issues of Corrosion and Degradation under Dusty Deposits of Energy Biomass." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030534.
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The aim of the study is to identify and determine the role of microbial degradation taking place in dusty deposits in potential threats (i.e., destruction of protective coatings and development of corrosion) to the means of transport in conditions of transshipment of energy biomass. This paper presents the results of research on the impact of powdery fractions of wood biomass and biomass obtained from oil plants in the degradation of paint coatings and corrosion processes. During the research, exposure to simulated port climate, OM, SEM, and EDS studies were used. It has been found that the presence of the fraction containing protein compounds and amino acids (e.g., dust of rapeseed meal) stimulates the growth of microorganisms whose metabolism products favour the destruction of protective coatings and the development of corrosion. Under the same conditions, the destruction of protective zinc coatings has been observed. It was found that already 14 days of exposure to oily biomass deposits results in damage to paint coatings caused by microbiological processes. The 8-week exposure causes serious degradation of protective coatings and the base material itself. The biomass of wood origin, containing compounds of the tannin type, did not show as much aggressive activity as the biomass with protein compounds.
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López, Gabriel, Diego Ramírez, Joaquín Alonso-Montesinos, Juan Sarmiento, Jesús Polo, Nuria Martín-Chivelet, Aitor Marzo, Francisco Javier Batlles, and Pablo Ferrada. "Design of a Low-Cost Multiplexer for the Study of the Impact of Soiling on PV Panel Performance." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 11, 2021): 4186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144186.
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Atmospheric factors, such as clouds, wind, dust, or aerosols, play an important role in the power generation of photovoltaic (PV) plants. Among these factors, soiling has been revealed as one of the most relevant causes diminishing the PV yield, mainly in arid zones or deserts. The effect of soiling on the PV performance can be analyzed by means of I–V curves measured simultaneously on two PV panels: one soiled and the other clean. To this end, two I–V tracers, or one I–V tracer along with a multiplexer, are needed. Unfortunately, these options are usually expensive, and only one I–V tracer is typically available at the site of interest. In this work, the design of a low-cost multiplexer is described. The multiplexer is controlled by a low-cost single-board microcontroller manufactured by ArduinoTM, and is capable of managing several pairs of PV panels almost simultaneously. The multiplexer can be installed outdoors, in contrast to many commercial I–V tracers or multiplexers. This advantage allows the soiling effect to be monitored on two PV panels, by means of I–V indoor tracers. I–V curves measured by the low-cost multiplexer are also presented, and preliminary results are analyzed.
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Bujak, Janusz, Piotr Sitarz, and Rafał Pasela. "Possibilities for Reducing CO and TOC Emissions in Thermal Waste Treatment Plants: A Case Study." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102901.
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The technology of waste-management thermal processing may pose a threat to the natural environment through the emission of harmful substances, such as CO, NOx, SO2, HCl, HF, total organic carbon (TOC) and dust, as well as dioxins and furans. Due to the advantages of thermal waste treatment, including the small volume of solid residue produced and possible thermal energy recovery, thermal waste treatment is widely applied. Continuous research is necessary to develop methods for reducing the risk of harmful substances being produced and methods for the effective removal of pollutants resulting from flue gases. This paper presents an analysis of the results and conditions of the experimental redesign of a thermal industrial waste (polypropylene) treatment plant. The purpose of the redesign was to improve the quality of gasification and afterburning processes taking place in the combustion and afterburner chambers (through the installation of an additional section), thus resulting in a reduction in the concentrations of CO and total organic carbon (TOC) in flue gases. The research concerned a facility implementing the combustion process on an industrial scale. The experiment led to a reduction in the average concentrations of carbon monoxide from 16.58 mg/m3 to 3.23 mg/m3 and of volatile organic compounds from 2.20 mg/m3 to 0.99 mg/m3. At the same time, no deterioration was observed in any of the remaining technological parameters of the plant, such as waste combustion performance and the energy efficiency of the thermal energy recovery system.
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Glavitsch, H. "Control of Electric Power Plants and Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 20, no. 9 (August 1987): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)55681-5.
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Włodarczyk, Aneta, and Agata Mesjasz-Lech. "Ecological and Economic Context of Managing Enterprises That Are Particularly Harmful to the Environment and the Well-Being of Society." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102884.
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The ecological and economic context determine the management goals of a modern enterprise, which are in line with the growing concern about the well-being of society caused by the effects of enterprises’ activities that are particularly harmful to the environment. This increases the need to search for new tools that will have the capacity to generate information supporting the decision-making process in the area of enterprise management in terms of ecological, economic, and social goals. For these reasons, synthetic measures of development were constructed on the basis of the set of diagnostic variables describing various aspects of sustainable development in the case. Based on the environmental synthetic indicators, it has been possible to point out the Polish voivodeships, in which enterprises that are particularly harmful to the environment were able to reduce the emissions of dust and gaseous pollutants in the 2005–2019 period. These changes were often accompanied by an increase in the production of energy from renewable sources and increasing the supply of plants with devices to contain gaseous and dust pollutants. Moreover, the comparison of positioning the voivodeships in the rankings according to social, economic, and environmental synthetic measures shows that the reduction of the negative impact of energy-intensive enterprises on the environment has been associated with higher the position of the voivodeship in the ranking connected with the health of its inhabitants. It has been also seen that the largest pool of funds was allocated to the voivodeships that need them the most, as these voivodeships were low in the ranking with respect to the degree of the reduction of dust and gaseous emissions by enterprises that are particularly harmful to the environment. The results for regression analysis indicated at the existence of the inter-temporal relationships between the well-being of society and the environmental–economic effects of enterprises’ activities. It was noticed that increasing the possibilities of financing investments in low-emission development of the region, including the modernization of enterprises in terms of decreasing dust and gaseous pollutant emissions and reducing their energy consumption, has a significant impact on the improvement of well-being of society with a one-year lag. In contrast to other studies that mainly refer to the environmental and economic effects of managing enterprises that are particularly harmful to the environment, this paper focuses on the social aspect of the change in the health of the population connected with the emissions of pollutants. A novel approach based on the set of three multi-criteria synthetic measures is proposed to assess the environmental, economic, and social activities of enterprises in individual voivodeships in Poland in the long 2005–2019 period.
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CHOWDHURY, BADRUL H. "Emission Control Alternatives for Electric Utility Power Plants." Energy Sources 18, no. 4 (June 1996): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908319608908778.
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Syrett, Barry C. "Corrosion control in electric power plants—success stories." Corrosion Science 35, no. 5-8 (January 1993): 1189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938x(93)90339-i.
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Morales Taquiri, Oswaldo Morla. "PROPUESTA PARA LA OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL DISEÑO Y OPERACIÓN DE SISTEMAS FOTOVOLTAICOS AUTÓNOMOS A INSTALARSE EN EL PERÚ, BASADO EN REDES ELÉCTRICAS INTELIGENTES." Revista Cientifica TECNIA 25, no. 2 (February 23, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v25i2.47.
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El cambio climático obliga a un crecimiento económico sin contaminación. Una de las principales alternativas es el uso de energías renovables como la solar fotovoltaica. La variabilidad del recurso solar, de la demanda y de las condiciones ambientales que incidirán en su performance. Para el buen funcionamiento de los sistemas fotovoltaicos, autónomos, es indispensable desarrollar una metodología de optimización de su diseño y operación, autónomos, que tomen en cuenta la oferta, demanda y las condiciones ambientales, utilizando para ello criterios de redes eléctricas inteligentes. Este trabajo propone la monitorización y predicción del rendimiento de los sistemas fotovoltaicos, así como el fomento de estrategias de planificación y control de modo eficiente, utilizando un regulador seguidor del punto de máxima potencia, una estación meteorológica que incluya la medición de polvo, un sistema de adquisición de datos inalámbrica y una estación de monitoreo y registro basado en LabVIEW. Palabras clave.- Optimización de sistemas fotovoltaicos, sistemas fotovoltaicos autónomos, LabVIEW en sistemas fotovoltaicos. ABSTRACTClimate change forces economic growth without pollution. One of the main alternatives is the use of renewable energy such as solar photovoltaic. The variability of the solar resource, the demand and the environmental conditions that will affect its performance. For the proper functioning of autonomous photovoltaic systems, it is indispensable to develop a methodology for optimizing its design and operation, autonomous, taking into account the supply, demand and environmental conditions, using criteria for intelligent electric grids. This project proposes the monitoring and prediction of the performance of photovoltaic systems, as well as the promotion of efficient planning and control strategies. It is proposed to use a maximum power point tracking controller, a weather station that includes dust measurement, a wireless data acquisition system, and a LabVIEW based monitoring and registration station. Keywords.- Optimization of photovoltaic systems, autonomous photovoltaic systems, LabVIEW in photovoltaic systems..
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Shoureshi, Rahmat A., Kishan Baheti, Devendra Garg, John Maulbetsch, Joe Weiss, Paul Houpt, Ali Apakchi, and Shinichi Iwamoto. "Sensory Systems and Intelligent Control for Electric Power Plants." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 29, no. 1 (June 1996): 7105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)58826-6.
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Chen-Kuo Weng and A. Ray. "Robust wide-range control of steam-electric power plants." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 5, no. 1 (January 1997): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/87.553666.
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Nakamura, H., Y. Toyota, M. Kushihashi, and M. Uchida. "Optimal Control of Thermal Power Plants." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 111, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3153082.
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Application of optimal control system to thermal power plants is introduced. The suggested system consists of the conventional PID controllers and the control computer. It has been successfully applied to five supercritical power plants in Kyushu Electric Power Company (Total output 2,700 MW) since 1978. In the system, system identification or state space representation of the plant is performed based on the AR (Autoregressive) model describing the system dynamics. The optimal controller is designed by the orthodox Dynamic Programming procedure under a quadratic criterion function. In the paper, the procedure of the controller design and the control performance of the system are described with some results obtained both in a power plant simulation model and in the actual plants.
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Rees, N. W., and C. X. Lu. "Some thoughts on the advanced control of electric power plants." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 24, no. 2 (June 2002): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0142331202tm058oa.
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Samorodov, Yu N., and S. V. Zhuravlev. "Experience in endoscopic control of turbogenerators of electric power plants." Power Technology and Engineering 38, no. 6 (November 2004): 356–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10749-005-0012-2.
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Hu, Qiudong. "Modification and Application of Low and Low Temperature Economizer in Dezhou Power Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127101022.
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At present, the exhaust gas temperature of coal-fired power plants is 125-150℃, and the emission of high-temperature flue gas causes the loss of excess heat and wastes. For this kind of phenomenon, the waste heat recovery system is researched and designed, combined with the combination of a low-temperature economizer in a coal-fired power plant in Dezhou. The heater, through the low-temperature economizer combined with the heater system, reduces coal consumption for power generation, reduces flue gas emissions, while reducing dust specific resistance, improving dust removal efficiency of electric dust removal, and reducing dust emissions. This project responds to national policy guidelines.
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Kovalev, Adel', and Yury Vasil'evich Kolotilov. "MODIFICATION OF POWER CONTROL ALGORITHM ELECTRIC STATION." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, computer science and informatics 2020, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2072-9502-2020-3-90-98.
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Currently, the bulk of the information necessary for the implementation of supervisory control and the controllability of electrical equipment comes from telemechanics systems. A prerequisite for the construction of new electric power facilities or for the reconstruction of old ones is the introduction of telemechanics systems.
Telemechanics systems are actively developing and improving. Initially, all of them consisted of a controlled telemechanics center that monitors and controls the system, receiving and processing analog signals from analog measuring transducers via numerous direct cable communication lines. The main disadvantages of such an organization of telemechanical systems include a large amount of connecting cables, scaling difficulties and low metrological characteristics. With the advent of digital transmitters, it became possible to transmit signals from them in digital form, which reduced the number of connecting lines and simplified the scaling and fault tolerance of systems. Now with the help of one measuring transducer it is possible to measure several parameters at once. The main measured parameters of power plants include: current strength, phase voltages, AC frequency, active, reactive and apparent power.
This article describes the organization of the telemechanics and communication systems of the Astrakhan TPP-2. The analysis of the existing station power control algorithm is given. A variant of its modification is proposed. An example of the implementation of the proposed modification of the algorithm is described.
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Dziubak, Tadeusz. "Experimental Studies of Dust Suction Irregularity from Multi-Cyclone Dust Collector of Two-Stage Air Filter." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 3577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123577.
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The necessity of two-stage (multi-cyclone-baffle) inlet air filters used for motor vehicle engines operating under dusty conditions was demonstrated. The advantages of a set of several dozen cyclones (multi-cyclone) used for filtering inlet air in the engines were shown. The problem of dust accumulation separated by the cyclones in the multi-cyclone dust collector and the necessity of its removal on a current basis were analyzed. Methods of removing dust from the dust collector by means of the QS suction flow were described. It was demonstrated that the most rational method of forcing the suction flow is the use of the suction flow released from the engine. The study results are presented in this paper and show that the removal (by suction) of the accumulated dust from the dust collector additionally causes a noticeable increase in cyclone filtration efficiency. It was shown that the effective suction flow must not exceed 10–15% of the outlet flow value from the cyclone. It was evidenced that the suction of dust from the dust collector of the multi-cyclone, whose range covers several dozen cyclones, causes a differentiation in the value of the suction flows from the individual cyclones, which decreases the effect of suction and interferers with the proper operation of the cyclone. The use of a proprietary methodology, an experimental study of the irregularity of the suction from the cyclones of two multi-cyclones differing in construction, was performed. Suction flows from the cyclones, which were located at a significant distance from the main suction duct, showed 50% lower values. Possibilities of reducing the irregularity of the suction flows from the several dozen cyclones forming the multi-cyclone are presented.
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Melguizo, Francisco Jurado, Manuel Ortega, and Antonio Cano. "Robust Control for a Gas Turbine in Biomass-Based Electric Power Plants." Energy Sources 24, no. 7 (July 2002): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908312.2002.11877433.
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Camporeale, S. M., L. Dambrosio and, and B. Fortunato. "One-Step-Ahead Adaptive Control for Gas Turbine Power Plants." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 124, no. 2 (May 10, 2002): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1470178.
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The feasibility of the application of One-Step-Ahead Adaptive (OSAA) Control technique to a gas turbine power plant is investigated. The OSAA technique is a control algorithm especially suitable for nonlinear and time-varying systems. This technique uses the least square algorithm to estimate in real-time a linear model of the controlled system and uses the estimated linear model to evaluate the feedback control variables. The proposed technique allows to control the gas turbine power plant in a wide range of electric loads due to its intrinsic adaptive capabilities. Moreover, the OSAA control does not require the knowledge of the dynamic characteristics (e.g., state space systems or transfer functions) in order to design the control system. The OSAA control system has been applied to a single shaft gas turbine power plant, which is numerically simulated. The proposed control technique has been tested both in Single-Input Single Output (SISO) mode and in Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) mode. Starting from a steady-state condition, the power plant has been supposed to undergo a step reduction of the electric load. The results show that the OSAA control technique effectively counteracts the load reduction with limited overshoots in the controlled variables and, introducing an integral correction with a negligible static error.
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Zhang, Yun Fei. "Application of Dry Fog Dust Suppression Technology in the Coal Conveyer Belt System of Thermal Power Plants." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.733.
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In order to solve the problem of serious dust and difficult to control in coal conveyer belt without tissue in a thermal power plant of Shanxi, this paper introduces the principle of dry fog dust suppression technology, apparatus components, advantages and disadvantages and the application in a thermal power plant. Determination of dust concentration when the dry fog dust suppression work or does not work. Data show that the rate of dry fog dust suppression is generally greater than 80%, the dust concentration is less than 10 mg/m3, especially the suppression effect on small particles of less than 10 μm dust is obvious. Practice shows that dust has been effectively suppressed and it has a good application prospect, when this technology and device are applied.
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Tynchenko, Ya A., P. M. Gofman, I. V. Kovalev, and A. A. Voroshilova. "Russian stationary vibration control and mechanical displacement systems for electric power pumps of thermal power plants." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 537 (June 18, 2019): 052035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/537/5/052035.
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Sridharan. P, Sridharan P. "Vibration Control and Condition Monitoring of Turbine Alternator in Hydro Electric Power Plants." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/may2013/54.
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Dong, Zhe, Miao Liu, Di Jiang, Xiaojin Huang, Yajun Zhang, and Zuoyi Zhang. "Automatic Generation Control of Nuclear Heating Reactor Power Plants." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 2782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102782.
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A nuclear heating reactor (NHR) is a typical integral pressurized water reactor (iPWR) with advanced design features such as an integral primary circuit, self-pressurization, full-power-range natural circulation, and hydraulic control rods. Through adjusting its electric power output according to the variation of demand, NHR power plants can be adopted to stablize the fluctuation of grid frequency caused by the intermittent nature of renewable generation, which is useful for deepening the penetration of renewables. The flexibility of an NHR power plant relies on the automatic generation control (AGC) function of the plant coordination control system, whose central is the AGC law. In this paper, the plant control system with AGC function is designed for NHR plants, where the AGC is realized based on the stabilizers of grid frequency and main steam pressure. Then, the AGC problem is transferred to the disturbance attenuation problem of a second-order dynamic system, and an active disturbance attenuation control (ADRC), which is just the addition of a feedback control given by a proportional‒integral (PI) law and a feedforward control driven by a disturbance observer (DO), is then proposed. Finally, this ADRC is applied to realize the AGC function for NHR-200II reactor power plant, and numerical simulation results show the implementation feasibility and satisfactory performance.
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Wang, Bo, Xuliang Yao, Yongqing Jiang, Chao Sun, and Mohammad Shabaz. "Design of a Real-Time Monitoring System for Smoke and Dust in Thermal Power Plants Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (July 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7212567.
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The major health hazards from smoke and dust are due to microscopic fine particles present in smoke as well as in dust. These fine particles, which are microscopic in nature, can penetrate into human lungs and give rise to a range of health problems such as irritation in eyes, a runny nose, throat infection, and chronic cardiac and lung diseases. There is a need to device such mechanisms that can monitor smoke in thermal power plants for timely control of smoke that can pollute air and affects adversely the people living nearby the plants. In order to solve the problems of low accuracy of monitoring results and long monitoring time in conventional methods, a real-time smoke and dust monitoring system in thermal power plants is proposed, which makes use of modified genetic algorithm (GA). The collection and calibration of various monitoring parameters are accomplished through sampling control. The smoke and dust emission real-time monitoring subsystems are employed for the monitoring in an accurate manner. A dual-channel TCP/IP protocol is used between remote and local controlling modules for secure and speedy communication of the system. The generic GA is improved on the basis of the problem statement, and the linear programming model is used to avoid the defect of code duplication with genetic operations. The experimental results show that the proposed smoke and dust monitoring system can effectively improve the accuracy of the monitoring results and also reduce the time complexity by providing solutions in a faster manner. The significance of the proposed technique is to provide a reliable basis for the smoke and dust emission control of thermal power plants for safeguarding the human health.
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Waremra, Richard Semuel. "Design Of Battery Charge Control System On Hybrid Power Plants." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187301014.
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Battery charge control system has been built on hybrid power plants. The source of voltage comes from horizontal-axis windmill with 500 Watt power, Monocrystalline solar cell with 200 WP for charging 12 Volt 35 AH. The aim of this research is to optimize battery charging process using potential energy sources from wind and solar. Control system on hybrid power plant is done by adjusting the amount of voltage or electric current based on the need of the battery charging. The making of the control system uses several software and hardware. Some of the main components used are ATMega 16 micro-controller and voltage censor. The control system that has been made is tested by monitoring the voltage and current during the control process. The test result shows that the control system that has been made is able to work properly in controlling the input voltage from the source and charger voltage on the battery.
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Delfanti, Maurizio, Davide Falabretti, Marco Merlo, and Gabriele Monfredini. "Distributed Generation Integration in the Electric Grid: Energy Storage System for Frequency Control." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/198427.
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During the last few years generation from renewable energy sources (RESs) has grown considerably in European electrical networks. Transmission system operators are greatly concerned about the impact of RESs on the operational security and efficiency of their networks and more in general of the ENTSO-E interconnected system. Grid codes are to be revised in order to harmonise the rules regarding the connection of RES power plants. A main issue concerns frequency control: frequency is greatly affected by RESs intermittency and its deviations must be limited as much as possible in order to guarantee a suitable level of power quality. To improve frequency stability, in the future, Grid codes could extend frequency control requirements also to RES units, whereas today they are applied only to conventional power plants. Energy storage systems can be a possible solution to increase the flexibility and performance of RES power plants: they allow generators to modulate their power injections without wasting renewable energy. In this paper, the authors studied the suitability of extending frequency control to RES units integrating them with energy storage systems. In particular, the paper focuses on the impact of frequency control on the storage lifetime by analysing the power charge/discharge in response to real frequency oscillations.
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Artushin, I. A., Ya V. Girkin, V. F. Peters, and M. A. Zubakov. "Methods and means of automatic continuous monitoring of dust concentration and dust control in thermal power plants operating on coal." Bulletin of Research Center for Safety in Coal Industry (Industial Safety), no. 4-2017 (December 25, 2017): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26631/arc4-2017-60-67.
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M'zoughi, Fares, Izaskun Garrido, Aitor J. Garrido, and Manuel De La Sen. "ANN-Based Airflow Control for an Oscillating Water Column Using Surface Elevation Measurements." Sensors 20, no. 5 (February 29, 2020): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051352.
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Oscillating water column (OWC) plants face power generation limitations due to the stalling phenomenon. This behavior can be avoided by an airflow control strategy that can anticipate the incoming peak waves and reduce its airflow velocity within the turbine duct. In this sense, this work aims to use the power of artificial neural networks (ANN) to recognize the different incoming waves in order to distinguish the strong waves that provoke the stalling behavior and generate a suitable airflow speed reference for the airflow control scheme. The ANN is, therefore, trained using real surface elevation measurements of the waves. The ANN-based airflow control will control an air valve in the capture chamber to adjust the airflow speed as required. A comparative study has been carried out to compare the ANN-based airflow control to the uncontrolled OWC system in different sea conditions. Also, another study has been carried out using real measured wave input data and generated power of the NEREIDA wave power plant. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed ANN airflow control against the uncontrolled case ensuring power generation improvement.
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Liu, Jun, Tian Jiang, and Ting Liu. "Research on the Inventory Control of Thermo-Technical Spare Parts in the Electric Power Group Based on E-Marketplaces." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 2386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.2386.
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As thermo-technical spare parts are essential materials of power plants’ continuous and safe operation, how to guarantee their timely supply in subordinate power plants of the electric power group is a deserved research. Based on the analysis on the classification and electric power groups’ current situation on inventory management of thermo-technical spare parts, the paper presented a basic idea that managing the electric power group’s thermo-technical spare parts at different echelons and administrating them like in a supermarket in e-market way. The paper built a frame model of two-echelon inventory management. The function, structure, operation procedure, information flow and the problems of the e-marketplace’s inventory management are further analyzed. At last, the paper applied method of mathematical model to inventory control. The information and inventory of thermo-technical spare parts between suppliers and the e-marketplace, the e-marketplace and subordinate power plants are integrated and optimized effectively.
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Korobets, P. N., V. V. Slovik, and N. B. Karnitskiy. "Having CHPP involved in frequency control related to starting Belarusian NPP." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 11, no. 3 (October 21, 2018): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2018-11-3-241-246.
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The policy of restructuring the generating capacities of the energy system of the Republic of Belarus assumes the introduction of the the Belarusian nuclear power plant (NPP) in the coming years. The presence of external and internal factors affecting the sale of electricity from NPP will require solving a number of problems, including power redundancy and frequency control through involvement of internal power generating facilities. These include steam-turbine state power plants and combined heat and power plants (CHPP), combined-cycle power units, special mobile electric power units, the commissioning of electric boilers and accumulator tanks. The latter is a new technical solution for the Belarusian energy system that requires careful analysis to identify the optimal system for coordinated operation of co-generation power units with electric boilers and accumulator tanks. At the same time, the heating and non-heating seasons of the CHPP operation are considered. The function of the accumulator tanks with minimum and maximum power consumption is shown. At charging of the accumulator tanks, the generation of electricity by co-generation power units with thermal regulation is increased. The operation of electric boilers and accumulator tanks is considered through the example of Grodno CHPP-2. The expediency of including electric boilers in the scheme of the CHPP as the most effective means of using co-generation turbine units in the cycling mode with unloading them by electric power during the night hours is determined, which ensures the maximum reduction of the electric power output to the power system from the Belarusian NPP.A similar approach at other industrial CHPP of the power system will, to some extent, ensure stable power supply from the Belarusian NPP. Reconstruction of the CHPP with installation of accumulator tanks will make it possible to create a flexible heat supply scheme for consumers in the conditions of night electrical unloading when the NPP power units are put into operation.
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Hraniak, Valerii, Ihor Kupchuk, and Volodymyr Gontar. "METHOD AND DEVICE OF DIRECT AUTOMATED MEASURING CONTROL OF THE INSULATION OF THE WINDING OF ELECTRIC MACHINES." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 2(109) (August 27, 2020): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2020-2-14.
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Today, the vast majority of technological processes, both production and agriculture, are based on the use of electric machines. Among which, a significant part of production equipment requires the use of electric motors, the power of which exceeds hundreds of kilowatts. Such electric machines have also become widespread as generating equipment, where they are an integral part of power plants, both using traditional energy sources (thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, etc.), and renewable (hydroelectric power plants, wind farms, etc.), where the unit power of a single electrical machine is usually higher than in other sectors of economy. When operating such equipment, systems for monitoring a significant number of technological parameters are often used, and in real time it characterizes the modes of their operation. This approach makes it possible to increase the reliability of operation and, with a fairly high probability, to avoid large-scale man-made threats that can be caused by an emergency failure of power electric machines (including powerful electric generators), which are quite often accompanied by the destruction of supporting structures, structural elements of industrial premises and can pose a threat to the life and health of production personnel. But the use of even the most modern systems for monitoring the technical condition does not provide one hundred percent reliability, and when operating electrical machines with a nominal power of the order of units of MW and below, their use can significantly increase the total cost of equipment with a still quite high level of occurrence of a serious man-made accident. Therefore, the development of direct methods and means for measuring the technical parameters of electrical machines in general, and insulation parameters in particular, is an urgent scientific and applied problem. In the article was proposed a new method of direct automated measuring control of insulation of windings of an electric machine, based on the use of combined signals to determine the technical parameters of the insulation of electrical machine units. And also, the design of the measuring control has been developed, it implements the proposed method.
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Alhelou, Hassan Haes, Pierluigi Siano, Massimo Tipaldi, Raffaele Iervolino, and Feras Mahfoud. "Primary Frequency Response Improvement in Interconnected Power Systems Using Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plants." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 2 (May 16, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11020040.
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The smart grid concept enables demand-side management, including electric vehicles (EVs). Thus way, some ancillary services can be provided in order to improve the power system stability, reliability, and security. The high penetration level of renewable energy resources causes some problems to independent system operators, such as lack of primary reserve and active power balance problems. Nowadays, many countries are encouraging the use of EVs which provide a good chance to utilize them as a virtual power plant (VPP) in order to contribute to frequency event. This paper proposes a new control method to use EV as VPP for providing primary reserve in smart grids. The primary frequency reserve helps the power system operator to intercept the frequency decline and to improve the frequency response of the whole system. The proposed method calculates the electric vehicles’ primary reserve based on EVs’ information, such as the state of charge (SOC), the arriving time and the vehicle’s departure time. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by several simulation scenarios on a real-world modern power system with different generating units, such as conventional power plants, renewable energy resources, and electric vehicles.
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BULATOV, Yury N., Andrey V. KRYUKOV, and Edward K. SHUMANSKY. "Application of Asynchronized Generators in Electric Networks with Degraded Electric Power Quality." Elektrichestvo 7, no. 7 (2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2021-7-33-40.
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For decentralized power generation, small-capacity asynchronized generators (AGs) can be used, which are able to yield a number of positive effects in comparison with conventional synchronous machines: higher stability limits, wider reactive power adjustment ranges, simpler synchronization with the grid due to the ability to control the EMF phase, and the possibility to maintain synchronous operation in case of failure in one of the field windings. The article describes the model of a grid equipped with asynchronized generators with automatic excitation and rotor speed control systems, which is developed in the MATLAB software package environment. Normal and emergency operation modes of a 35 kV grid with distributed generation plants based on asynchronized machines under the conditions of degraded electric power quality due to the presence of electric traction loads are simulated. The influence of AGs on emergency and post-emergency modes are determined, and the harmonic distortion levels are estimated. For comparison, the grid operation modes are simulated for the case of using synchronous machines as generation sources. The influence of higher harmonic components on the performance of the proposed automatic control system is analyzed. The obtained study results have shown that with using asynchronized generators, better control processes and better quality of electric power are obtained in comparison with those in a grid equipped with synchronous machines; in addition, the stability limits are increased, and the synchronization processes are simplified.
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Lezhnyuk, Petro, Iryna Hunko, Juliya Malogulko, Iryna Kotylko, and Lіudmyla Krot. "MODELING OF COMPATIBLE WORK OF DISTRIBUTED POWER SOURCES OF ELECTRIC POWER AND CENTRALISED POWER SUPPLY." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOG IES, no. 2 (12) (2018): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-2(12)-189-195.
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Urgency of the research. Current trends of distributed generation development in Ukraine indicate a rapid generation in-crease from renewable energy plants. Most developed countries gradually refuse from the fossil fuels use and invest more and more to the “green” energy. Therefore, there is a need for a detailed study of the operation conditions of distributed energy sources due to their instability, as well as the processes that arise in distribution electric networks with diverse types of distributed energy sources. Target setting. In the producing process of power energy by distributed energy sources due to the increase in their num-ber, there are situations where several renewable sources of energy operate to only one system of buses. Thus, such distributive networks acquire the features of a local power system, which complicates the control process of such systems, and also there is a problem with the electricity supply of consumers. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The analysis of publications suggests that in literature more attention is paid to studying the operating modes of solar power plants, or small hydroelectric power plants. However, almost no attention was paid to the study of their cooperation work. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Only a few works are devoted to the study of the cooperation of the diverce sources of distributed energy sources in the local electrical systems. That is why, their impact on power distribution networks and on the grid in general has not been studied extensively. The research objective. In this article was considered the influence of asynchronous generators on small hydroelectric power plants on the operation modes of distribution electrical networks, and were investigated the processes that are occurring in local power systems with different types of distributed energy sources. The statement of basic materials. Based on the research results, was developed a computer model of a such system in the PS CAD software environment. Two solar stations and one small hydroelectric power station with an asynchronous generator were connected to the power supply. It was shown the simulation of two modes of operation: a joint operation of a small hydroelectric power station, two solar power stations and a power supply center; a joint operation of a small hydroelectric pow-er plant, two solar power stations and a power supply disconnected. Conclusions. As a result of computer simulation, it is shown that by switching on a small hydroelectric power plant with an asynchronous generator in the case of an emergency shutdown of centralized power supply, it is possible to restore the work of solar power plants, and thus partially or completely restore the power supply of consumers.