Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electric power consumption – Computer simulation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Electric power consumption – Computer simulation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electric power consumption – Computer simulation"

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Han, Oakyoung, and Jaehyoun Kim. "Uncertainty Analysis on Electric Power Consumption." Computers, Materials & Continua 68, no. 2 (2021): 2621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2021.014665.

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Yang, Kuang Shine, and Chih Ming Chang. "System Integration for the Environmental Friendly Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 709 (December 2014): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.709.300.

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This paper introduced a new power flow control strategy for a variable speed engine-generator based range-extended electric vehicle. The specific fuel consumption map of the internal combustion engine (ICE) has been obtained by off-line experiments to achieve optimal fuel efficiency. Finally, a typical range-extended electric vehicle is modeled and investigated such as acceleration traversing ramp, maximum speed, fuel consumption and emission are performed on the dynamic model of a range-extended electric vehicle. The energy consumption and cost were compared to tradition range-extended electric vehicle. Computer simulation results obtained, confirm the validity and performance of the proposed power flow control approach using for series hybrid electric vehicle.
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Pan, Chaofeng, Yanyan Liang, Long Chen, and Liao Chen. "Optimal Control for Hybrid Energy Storage Electric Vehicle to Achieve Energy Saving Using Dynamic Programming Approach." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 13, 2019): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040588.

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In this paper, the efficiency characteristics of battery, super capacitor (SC), direct current (DC)-DC converter and electric motor in a hybrid power system of an electric vehicle (EV) are analyzed. In addition, the optimal efficiency model of the hybrid power system is proposed based on the hybrid power system component’s models. A rule-based strategy is then proposed based on the projection partition of composite power system efficiency, so it has strong adaptive adjustment ability. Additionally. the simulation results under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) condition show that the efficiency of rule-based strategy is higher than that of single power system. Furthermore, in order to explore the maximum energy-saving potential of hybrid power electric vehicles, a dynamic programming (DP) optimization method is proposed on the basis of the establishment of the whole hybrid power system, which takes into account various energy consumption factors of the whole system. Compared to the battery-only EV based on simulation results, the hybrid power system controlled by rule-based strategy can decrease energy consumption by 13.4% in line with the NEDC condition, while the power-split strategy derived from the DP approach can reduce energy consumption by 17.6%. The results show that compared with rule-based strategy, the optimized DP strategy has higher system efficiency and lower energy consumption.
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Lin, Cheng-Xian, and Robel Kiflemariam. "Numerical Simulation and Validation of Thermoeletric Generator Based Self-Cooling System with Airflow." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 4052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214052.

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In this paper, a general numerical methodology is developed and validated for the simulation of steady as well as transient thermal and electrical behaviors of thermoelectric generator (TEG)-based air flow self-cooling systems. The present model provides a comprehensive framework to advance the study of self-cooling applications by combining fluid flow, heat transfer and electric circuit simulations. The methodology is implemented by equation-based coupled modeling capabilities from multidisciplinary fields to capture the dynamic thermos-electric interaction in TEG elements, enabling the simulation of overall heating/cooling/power characteristics as well as spatially distributed thermal and flow fields in the entire device. Experiments have been conducted on two types of self-cooling arrangements to measure the device temperature, voltage and power produced by TEG modules. It was found that the computational model was able to predict the experimental results within 5% error. A parametric study was carried out using the validated model to study the effect of heat sink geometry and TEG arrangements on device temperature and power produced by the device. It was found that the power for self-cooling could be maximized by proper matching of the TEG modules to the fluid mover. Although an increase in fin density results in a rise in fan power consumption, a marked increase in net power and decreases in thermal resistance are observed.
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Uimonen, Semen, and Matti Lehtonen. "Simulation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Load Profiles in Office Buildings Based on Occupancy Data." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 5700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215700.

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Transportation vehicles are a large contributor of the carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a promising solution to reduce the CO2 emissions which, however, requires the right electric power production mix for the largest impact. The increase in the electric power consumption caused by the EV charging demand could be matched by the growing share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the power production. EVs are becoming a popular sustainable mean of transportation and the expansion of EV units due to the stochastic nature of charging behavior and increasing share of RES creates additional challenges to the stability in the power systems. Modeling of EV charging fleets allows understanding EV charging capacity and demand response (DR) potential of EV in the power systems. This article focuses on modeling of daily EV charging profiles for buildings with various number of chargers and daily events. The article presents a modeling approach based on the charger occupancy data from the local charging sites. The approach allows one to simulate load profiles and to find how many chargers are necessary to suffice the approximate demand of EV charging from the traffic characteristics, such as arrival time, duration of charging, and maximum charging power. Additionally, to better understand the potential impact of demand response, the modeling approach allows one to compare charging profiles, while adjusting the maximum power consumption of chargers.
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Hwang, Hsiu-Ying. "Developing Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Advanced Hybrid System-II Electric Vehicles." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2020): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082033.

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Compared with conventional vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have the advantage of high-energy conversion efficiency, which can have better fuel economy and lower emissions. The main issue of HEVs is how to develop an energy management strategy to achieve significantly better fuel efficiency. In this research, the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) was applied to optimize the performance of fuel consumption in the Advanced Hybrid System-II (AHS-II). Based on FTP-75 Test Procedure defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a backward simulation module was established. The baseline simulation module with the rule-based control strategy was validated with the original fuel consumption data. Then, the module with ECMS followed the same control rules of engine on/off and mode selection, and the fuel consumption of ECMS was compared with the simulation results of the baseline model. The fuel economy improvements of ECMS in urban, highway driving pattern, and composite fuel economy were up to 8.5%, 7.7%, and 8.1%, respectively. The simulation results showed that the difference of motors’ working efficiency was only 1.2% between ECMS and baseline rule-based control strategies. The main reason of fuel consumption improvement was the engine operation chosen by ECMS, which provided better power distribution.
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Guan, Jen-Chiun, Bo-Chiuan Chen, and Yuh-Yih Wu. "Design of an Adaptive Power Management Strategy for Range Extended Electric Vehicles." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091610.

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The cruising distance of the range extended electric vehicle (REEV) can be further extended using a range extender, which consists of an engine and a generator, i.e., a genset. An adaptive power management strategy (PMS) based on the equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is proposed for the REEV in this paper. The desired trajectory of the state of charge (SOC) is designed based on the energy-to-distance ratio, which is defined as the difference between the initial SOC and the minimum allowable SOC divided by the remaining travel distance, for discharging the battery. A self-organizing fuzzy controller (SOFC) with SOC feedback is utilized to modify the equivalence factor, which is defined as the fuel consumption rate per unit of electric power, for tracking the desired SOC trajectory. An instantaneous cost function, that consists of the fuel consumption rate of the genset and the equivalent fuel consumption rate of the battery, is minimized to find the optimum power distribution for the genset and the battery. Dynamic programming, which is a global minimization method, is employed to obtain the performance upper bound for the target REEV. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is adaptive for different driving cycles and can effectively increase the fuel economy of the thermostat control strategy (TCS) by 11.1% to 16%. The proposed algorithm can also reduce average charging/discharging powers and low SOC operations for possibly extending the battery life and increasing the battery efficiency, respectively. An experiment of the prototype REEV on a chassis dynamometer is set up with the proposed algorithm implemented on a real-time controller. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can increase the fuel economy of the TCS by 7.8% for the tested driving cycle. In addition, the proposed algorithm can reduce the average charge/discharge powers of TCS by 7.9% and 11.7%, respectively.
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Parejo, Antonio, Antonio Sanchez-Squella, Rodrigo Barraza, Fernando Yanine, Aldo Barrueto-Guzman, and Carlos Leon. "Design and Simulation of an Energy Homeostaticity System for Electric and Thermal Power Management in a Building with Smart Microgrid." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 12, 2019): 1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091806.

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Nowadays, microgrids are gaining importance in electric power generation and distribution environments due to their flexibility, versatility, scalability and the possibility of supplying ancillary services when connected to the grid. They allow for the customization of electric supply for very different types of consumers. Therefore, a new control model for power and energy management based on homeostaticity of electric power systems (EPS) is presented, which has been already analyzed and approved by ENEL Chile in its developmental stage. ENEL, the largest electric utility in the country, is interested in incorporating smart microgrids in the electricity distribution market, as part of a worldwide policy. Such microgrids are to be installed in buildings serviced by ENEL. To demonstrate the model’s utility, a Simulink model of a real microgrid is used, which is comprised of PV generation, energy storage, an air conditioning (AC) equipment and thermal storage of the building upon which the microgrid is installed. The behavior of every element is simulated, including the dynamic thermal model of the building in order to optimize energy management and power supply versus consumption. The behavior of the whole system is analyzed under different environmental profiles and energy consumption patterns using the proposed homeostaticity system.
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Hwang, Hsiu-Ying, and Jia-Shiun Chen. "Optimized Fuel Economy Control of Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Particle Swarm Optimization." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 5, 2020): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092278.

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This research focused on real-time optimization control to improve the fuel consumption of power-split hybrid electric vehicles. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) was implemented to reduce fuel consumption for real-time optimization control. The engine torque was design-variable to manage the energy distribution of dual energy sources. The AHS II power-split hybrid electric system was used as the powertrain system. The hybrid electric vehicle model was built using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation was performed according to US FTP-75 regulations. The PSO design objective was to minimize the equivalent fuel rate with the driving system still meeting the dynamic performance requirements. Through dynamic vehicle simulation and PSO, the required torque value for the whole drivetrain system and corresponding high-efficiency engine operating point can be found. With that, the two motor/generators (M/Gs) supplemented the rest required torques. The composite fuel economy of the PSO algorithm was 46.8 mpg, which is a 9.4% improvement over the base control model. The PSO control strategy could quickly converge and that feature makes PSO a good fit to be used in real-time control applications.
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Yang, Jian, Tiezhu Zhang, Hongxin Zhang, Jichao Hong, and Zewen Meng. "Research on the Starting Acceleration Characteristics of a New Mechanical–Electric–Hydraulic Power Coupling Electric Vehicle." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 6279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236279.

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To simplify the layout of a purely electric vehicle transmission system and improve the acceleration performance of the vehicle, this paper utilizes the characteristics of the large torque of a hydraulic transmission system and proposes a new mechanical–electric–hydraulic dynamic coupling drive system (MEH-DCDS). It integrates the traditional motor and the swashplate hydraulic pump/motor into one, which can realize the mutual conversion between the mechanical energy, electrical energy, and hydraulic energy. This article explains its working principle and structural characteristics. At the same time, the mathematical model for the key components is established and the operation mode is divided into various types. Based on AMESim software, the article studies the dynamic characteristics of the MEH-DCDS, and finally proposes a method that combines real-time feedback of the accumulator output torque with PID control to complete the system simulation. The results show that the MEH-DCDS vehicle has a starting time of 4.52 s at ignition, and the starting performance is improved by 40.37% compared to that of a pure motor drive system vehicle; after a PID adjustment, the MEH-DCDS vehicle’s starting time is shortened by 1.04 s, and the acceleration performance is improved by 23.01%. The results indicated the feasibility of the system and the power performance was substantially improved. Finally, the system is integrated into the vehicle and the dynamic performance of the MEH-DCDS under cycle conditions is verified by joint simulation. The results show that the vehicle is able to follow the control speed well when the MEH-DCDS is loaded on the vehicle. The state-of-charge (SOC) consumption rate is reduced by 20.33% compared to an electric vehicle, while the MEH-DCDS has an increased range of 45.7 m compared to the EV. This improves the energy efficiency and increases the driving range.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electric power consumption – Computer simulation"

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Nguyen, Duy Huu Manh. "Analysing electricity markets with evolutionary computation." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2002. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0018.

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The use of electricity in 21st century living has been firmly established throughout most of the world, correspondingly the infrastructure for production and delivery of electricity to consumers has matured and stabilised. However, due to recent technical and environmental–political developments, the electricity infrastructure worldwide is undergoing major restructuring. The forces driving this reorganisation are a complex interplay of technical, environmental, economic and political factors. The general trend of the reorganisation is a dis–aggregation of the previously integrated functions of generation, transmission and distribution, together with the establishment of competitive markets, primarily in generation, to replace previous regulated monopolistic utilities. To ensure reliable and cost effective electricity supply to consumers it is necessary to have an accurate picture of the expected generation in terms of the spatial and temporal distribution of prices and volumes. Previously this information was obtained by the regulated utility using technical studies such as centrally planned unit–commitment and economic–dispatch. However, in the new deregulated market environment such studies have diminished applicability and limited accuracy since generation assets are generally autonomous and subject to market forces. With generation outcomes governed by market mechanisms, to have an accurate picture of expected generation in the new electricity supply industry, it is necessary to complement traditional studies with new studies of market equilibrium and stability. Models and solution methods have been developed and refined for many markets, however they cannot be directly applied to the generation market due to the unique nature of electricity, having high inelastic demand, low storage capability and distinct transportation requirements. Intensive effort is underway to formulate solutions and models that specifically reflect the unique characteristics of the generation market. Various models have been proposed including game theory, stochastic and agent–based systems. Similarly there is a diverse range of solution methods including, Monte–Carlo simulations, linear–complimentary and quadratic programming. These approaches have varying degrees of generality, robustness and accuracy, some being better in certain aspects but weaker in others. This thesis formulates a new general model for the generation market based on the Cournot game, it makes no conjectures about producers’ behaviour and assumes that all electricity produced is immediately consumed. The new formulation characterises producers purely by their cost curves, which is only required to be piece–wise differentiable, and allows consumers’ characteristics to remain unspecified. The formulation can determine dynamic equilibrium and multiple equilibria of markets with single and multiple consumers and producers. Additionally stability concepts for the new market equilibrium is also developed to provide discrimination for dynamic equilibrium and to enable the structural stability of the market to be assessed. Solutions of the new formulation are evaluated by the use of evolutionary computation, which is a guided stochastic search paradigm that mimics the operation of biological evolution to iteratively produce a population of solutions. Evolutionary computation is employed as it is adept at finding multiple solutions for underconstrained systems, such as that of the new market formulation. Various enhancements to significantly improve the performance of the algorithms and simplify its application are developed. The concept of convergence potential of a population is introduced together with a system for the controlled extraction of such potential to accelerate the algorithm’s convergence and improve its accuracy and robustness. A new constraint handling technique for linear constraints that preserves the solution’s diversity is also presented together with a coevolutionary solution method for the multiple consumers and producers market. To illustrate the new electricity market formulation and its evolutionary computation solution methods, the equilibrium and stability of a test market with one consumer and thirteen thermal generators with valve point losses is examined. The case of a multiple consumer market is not simulated, though the formulation and solution methods for this case is included. The market solutions obtained not only confirms previous findings thus validating the new approach, but also includes new results yet to be verified by future studies. Techniques for market designers, regulators and other system planners in utilising the new market solutions are also given. In summary, the market formulation and solution method developed shows great promise in determining expected generation in a deregulated environment.
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Kunchum, Sandeep. "A network infrastructure for real-time monitoring of campus energy consumption." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Kunchum_09007dcc80490489.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed March 26, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84).
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Fang, Gloria(Gloria Yu Liang). "Instruction-level power consumption simulator for modeling simple timing and power side channels in a 32-bit RISC-V micro-processor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130686.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February, 2021
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-140).
We create a Python based RISC-V simulator that is capable of simulating any assembly code written in RISC-V, and even perform simple power analysis of RISC-V designs. The power consumption of non-privileged RISC-V RV32IM instructions are measured experimentally, forming the basis for our simulator. These instructions include memory loads and stores, PC jumps and branches, as well as arithmetic instructions with register values. The object-oriented simulator also supports stepping and debugging. In the context of designing software for hardware use, the simulator helps assess vulnerability to side channel attacks by accepting input power consumption values. The power consumption graph of any disassembled RISC-V code can be obtained if the power consumption of each instruction is given as an input; then, from the output power consumption waveforms, we can assess how vulnerable a system is to side channel attacks. Because the power values can be customized based on what's experimentally measured, this means that our simulator can be applied to any disassembled code and to any system as long as the input power consumption of each instruction is supplied. Finally, we demonstrate an example application of the simulator on a pseudorandom function for simple side channel power analysis.
by Gloria (Yu Liang) Fang.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Zaag, Nader. "Fast simulation of cascading outages with islanding." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112588.

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This thesis proposes an efficient power system simulator to estimate the automatic sequence of events that follow a fault contingency leading to islanding and cascading outages. The simulator is based on a quasi-steady state model that includes island identification, under-frequency load shedding, over-frequency generator tripping, and island load flow. Contingencies can include the outage of generators, loads, or transmission lines. Often times, a fault of one or two of these power system elements can lead to many cascaded outages and system islanding. The simulator utilizes an innovative method that analyzes the null space of the DC load flow susceptance matrix to identify system islands after each disturbance. Once system islands have been determined, each island power imbalance is calculated and the simulator determines based on the power imbalance in each island whether any load shedding, generator tripping, or primary frequency regulation is required. Once these corrective actions are completed each island will either have been found to balance power or will experience blackout. In the islands that have balanced power, a load flow is computed to see if all line flow constraints are satisfied. Any lines with flow constraint violations are faulted, and the iterative process is repeated under all line flow constraints are satisfied.
The results demonstrate the ability of the simulator to quickly and efficiently predict a system's response to contingencies leading to cascading outages and islanding. Simulations were conducted on a 10-bus 13-line network, a 24-bus 38-line network, and a 72-bus 119-line network.
This thesis also examined the highly complex mixed-integer linear problem of identifying the optimum initial outage in the sense that it would cause the maximum amount of load shedding through islanding. The results on a three-line, three-bus test properly identified the line whose initial outage caused overflows leading to system separation and maximum loss of load.
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Parikh, Rajiv D. "PC based simulation software package for an uninterruptable power supply." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020238/.

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Atkinson-Hope, Gary. "An integrated programme for power systems simulation using personal computers (PC's)." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1147.

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Thesis (Masters Diploma (Technology)--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1993
The research objectives were to: Formulate a training structure covering conventional power systems topics; Research existing PC based power systems software resources; Develop a structure for a PC based power systems course; Research the capabilities of the software resources chosen; Develop a structure for a modern PC based power systems course taking into account the capabilities and limitations of the selected software programs; Develop for the PC based power systems course, task orientated computer based laboratory set-ups. The set-ups provide: An introduction into the topics concerned; An explanation of the usage of each program applied, where usage means an explanation of the Input and Output Data of each program; User friendly simulation experiments. These set-ups, together with software programs and a personal computer integrate into a training programme and realize a power systems simulation course.
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Arès, Jean-Michel. "A knowledge-based model and simulator for alarm and protection systems of power networks /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63921.

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Arata, John Paul III. "Simulation and control strategy development of power-split hybrid-electric vehicles." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42790.

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Power-split hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) provide two power paths between the internal combustion (IC) engine and the driven wheels through gearing and electric machines (EMs) composing an electrically variable transmission (EVT). EVTs allow IC engine control such that rotational speed is independent of vehicle speed at all times. By breaking the rigid mechanical connection between the IC engine and the driven wheels, EVTs allow the IC engine to operate in the most efficient region of its characteristic brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) map. If the most efficient IC engine operating point produces more power than is requested by the driver, the excess IC engine power can be stored in the energy storage system (ESS) and used later. Conversely, if the most efficient IC engine operating point does not meet the power request of the driver, the ESS delivers the difference to the wheels through the EMs. Therefore with an intelligent supervisory control strategy, power-split architectures can advantageously combine traditional series and parallel power paths. In the first part of this work, two different power-split HEV powertrains are compared using a two-term cost function and steady-state backward-looking simulation (BLS). BLS is used to find battery power management strategies that result in minimized fuel consumption over a user-defined drive-cycle. The supervisory control strategy design approach amounts to an exhaustive search over all kinematically admissible input operating points, leading to a minimized instantaneous cost function. While the approach provides a valuable comparison of two architectures, non-ideal engine speed fluctuations result. Therefore, in the second part of the work, two approaches for designing control strategies with refined IC engine speed transitions are investigated using high-fidelity forward-looking simulation (FLS). These two approaches include: i) smoothing the two-term cost function optimization results, and ii) introducing a three-term cost function. It is found that both achieve operable engine speed transitions, and result in fuel economy (FE) estimates which compare well to previous BLS results. It is further found that the three-term cost function finds more efficient operating points than the smoothed two-term cost function approach. From the investigations carried out in parts one and two of this work, a two-phase control strategy development process is suggested where control strategies are generated using efficient steady-state BLS models, and then further tested and verified in high-fidelity FLS models. In conclusion, the FLS results justify the efficacy of the two-phased process, suggesting rapid and effective development of implementable power-split HEV supervisory control strategies.
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劉紅進 and Hongjin Liu. "Implementation of a multi-agent based power market simulator." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224829.

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Garrett, Bretton Wayne. "Digital simulation of power system protection under transient conditions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27303.

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This work demonstrates the use of digital simulation for analyzing protection system performance. For studies of complex, multi-relay protection systems, digital simulation provides utility engineers with an attractive alternative to relay testing techniques. The cost of digital simulation facilities can be lower than the cost of comparable testing facilities; relay hardware does not have to be made available for the test laboratory. Digital simulation would ordinarily be impractical for security and dependability studies, due to the thousands of individual simulations involved. The number of simulations needed can be greatly reduced by using a technique called "numerical logic replacement" for implementing the protection scheme logic. This unconventional technique makes near-misoperation visible from individual simulations. The likelihood of overlooking potential misoperation is thus much lower than with the usual direct (Boolean) implementations.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "Electric power consumption – Computer simulation"

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Knowles, J. B. Simulation and control of electrical power stations. Taunton, Somerset, England: Research Studies Press, 1990.

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Computer-aided power system analysis. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002.

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Derek, Schuurman, ed. PSpice simulation of power electronics circuits: An introductory guide. London: Chapman & Hall, 1997.

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International Conference on Digital Power System Simulators (1st 1995 College Station, Tex.). First International Conference on Digital Power System Simulators, ICDS '95, College Station, Texas, U.S.A., April 5-7, 1995: Proceedings. Edited by Kezunovic M, Texas A & M University. Dept. of Electrical Engineering., and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. College Station, Tex: Texas A&M University, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 1995.

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Ferreira, J. A. Electromagnetic modelling of power electronic converters. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.

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Marr, William W. Analysis of a diesel-electric hybrid urban bus system. Argonne, IL: Argonne National Laboratory, 1993.

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Computational auction mechanisms for restructured power industry operation. Boston: Kluwer, 1999.

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Xuemin, Zhang, Cao Ming, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Power Grid Complexity. Berlin, Heidelberg: Tsinghua University Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Szymański, Grzegorz. Symulacja cyfrowa niebezpiecznych oddziaływań stacji i linii wysokich napięć. Poznań: Wydawn. Politechniki Poznańskiej, 1998.

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Noda, Taku. Development of a transmission-line model considering the skin and corona effects for power systems transient analysis. [Kyoto, Japan]: Noda, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electric power consumption – Computer simulation"

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Hutterer, Stephan, Michael Affenzeller, and Franz Auinger. "Heuristic Power Scheduling of Electric Vehicle Battery Charging Based on Discrete Event Simulation." In Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2011, 311–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27549-4_40.

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Nishimura, Yasutaka, Taichi Shimura, Kiyoshi Izumi, and Kiyohito Yoshihara. "Design and Evaluations of Multi-agent Simulation Model for Electric Power Sharing Among Households." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 41–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66888-4_4.

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Hutterer, Stephan, Franz Auinger, Michael Affenzeller, and Gerald Steinmaurer. "Overview: A Simulation Based Metaheuristic Optimization Approach to Optimal Power Dispatch Related to a Smart Electric Grid." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 368–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15597-0_41.

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Bandekar, Ashutosh, Akshay Kotian, and Ahmad Y. Javaid. "Comparative Analysis of Simulation and Real-World Energy Consumption for Battery-Life Estimation of Low-Power IoT (Internet of Things) Deployment in Varying Environmental Conditions Using Zolertia Z1 Motes." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 137–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61563-9_12.

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Mishra, Vinod Kumar, and Pankaja Bisht. "Power Consumption in Wireless Access Networks." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 1076–90. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7598-6.ch079.

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Power consumption of mobile devices is a great concern in the current mobile communication systems. Recent analysis by manufacturers and network operators has shown that current wireless networks are not very energy efficient. Power consumption is directly related to the coverage area of the base station. So in this chapter, the authors analyze and compare the total power consumption, power consumption per covered area and ranges of the macrocell, microcell and femtocell base stations for Mobile WiMAX, fixed WiMAX, UMTS, HSPA, LTE for 1x1 SISO systems and mobile WiMAX, HSPA, and LTE will be considered for 2x2 MIMO system. The numerical example will be illustrated with help of simulation results. This chapter enables the reader for knowledge of power consumption in existing wireless access networks technology with current and future trends of research.
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Rani, Suman, and Balwinder Singh. "CNTFET-Based Ternary Logic Gates." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 72–92. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1393-4.ch005.

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In the recent digital designs, there are certain circumstances where energy efficiency and ease is required, and in such situations, ternary logic (or three-valued logic) is favored. Ternary logic is an auspicious supernumerary to the conventional binary (0, 1) logic design techniques as this one is possible to attain straightforwardness and energy efficiency. This chapter deals with the comparative analysis of CMOS and CNTFET-based ternary inverter and universal gates design. The simulation result is analyzed and validated with a Hailey simulation program with integrated circuit (HSPICE) simulations. The average delay and power consumption in CNTFET-based ternary inverter have been reduced by approximately 90.3% and 48.8% respectively, as compared to CMOS-based ternary inverter design. Likewise, delay is reduced by 50% and power gets 99% reduction in ternary CNTFET NAND gate as compared to CMOS-based ternary NAND gat. It is concluded that CNFETs are faster and consume less power compared to CMOS technology.
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Recioui, Abdelmadjid, and Fatma Zohra Dekhandji. "Implementation of Load Control for Smart Metering in Smart Grids." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 119–55. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4027-5.ch006.

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The conventional energy meters are not suitable for long operating purposes as they spend much human and material resources. Smart meters, on the other hand, are devices that perform advanced functions including electrical energy consumption recording of residential/industrial users, billing, real-time monitoring, and load balancing. In this chapter, a smart home prototype is designed and implemented. Appliances are powered by the grid during daytime, and a photovoltaic panel stored power during the night or in case of an electricity outage. Second, consumed power from both sources is sensed and further processed for cumulative energy, cost calculations and bill establishment for different proposed scenarios using LABVIEW software. Data are communicated using a USB data acquisition card (DAQ-USB 6008). Finally, a simulation framework using LABVIEW software models four houses each equipped with various appliances. The simulator predicts different power consumption profiles to seek of peak-demand reduction through a load control process.
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Ferreira, Pietro M., Hao Cai, and Lirida Naviner. "Reliability Aware AMS/RF Performance Optimization." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 28–54. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6627-6.ch002.

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Reliability has become an important issue in the continuously CMOS technology scaling down. The exploration of the technology limits using classic performance optimization techniques and leads to the best trade-off for the area, power consumption, and speed. Nevertheless, such key characteristics have been degraded in a context of continuous use and stressful environment. Thus, circuit reliability emerges as a design criterion for AMS/RF performance optimization. Aiming a design for reliability, this chapter presents an overview of CMOS unreliable phenomena. Reliability-aware methodologies for circuit design, simulation, and optimization are reviewed. The authors focus in particular on large and complex systems, providing circuit design insights to achieve a reliability specification from system-level to transistor-level. They highlight the more sensitive building blocks in CT S? modulator and demonstrate how performance is affected by unreliable phenomena. A system-level direct-conversion RF front-end design is described in top-down approach. Electrical simulations are presented with 65 nm CMOS technology.
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Taybi, Abdellah, Abdelali Tajmouati, Jamal Zbitou, and Mohamed Latrach. "Study and Design of New Rectenna Structures for Wireless Power Transmission Applications." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 123–55. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0117-7.ch004.

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This chapter presents many research works that have been carried out to deal with the problem of power supply to remote sensors. A 2.45 GHz voltage multiplier rectifier was validated to deliver 18V of output voltage with a conversion efficiency of 69%. Another rectenna was fabricated at 5.8 GHz of the Industrial Scientific Medical band and reach a measured voltage of 7.4V at 18 dBm. The third structure is about a series rectifier working at 2.45 GHz associated with a microstrip low pass filter which produces a supplying voltage of 11.23V. Added to the aforementioned results, the objective in this work is to design, optimize and realize two structures: A dual band patch antenna working at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, and a compact rectifier circuit at 2.45 GHz for the power supply of low-consumption devices. This rectifier has been designed using Advanced Design System. The bridge topology was employed on an FR4 substrate. A good matching input impedance was observed and high conversion efficiency was obtained. Simulation results have been validated through realization and measurements.
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Bala, Shashi, Mamta Khosla, and Raj Kumar. "CNTFET-Based Memory Design." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 16–36. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1393-4.ch002.

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As the feature size of device has been scaling down for many decades, conventional CMOS technology-based static random access memory (SRAM) has reached its limit due to significant leakage power. Therefore, carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) can be considered most suitable alternative for SRAM. In this chapter, the performance and stability of CNTFET-based SRAM cells have been analyzed. Numerous figures of merit (FOM) (e.g., read/write noise margin, power dissipation, and read/write delay) have been considered to analyze the performance of CNTFET-based. The static power consumption in CNTFET-based SRAM cell was compared with conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-based SRAM cell. Conventional CNTFET and tunnel CNTFET-based SRAMs have also been considered for comparison. From the simulation results, it is observed that tunnel CNTFET SRAM cells have shown improved FOM over conventional CNTFET 6T SRAM cells without losing stability.
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Conference papers on the topic "Electric power consumption – Computer simulation"

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Cao, Chong, Luting Wang, Bo Chen, Jason Harper, Theodore Bohn, Daniel Dobrzynski, and Keith Hardy. "Real-Time Modeling to Enable Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Plug-In Electric Vehicle-Grid Interaction." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67390.

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Real-Time simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing are increasingly adopted by industry for the development and validation of complex systems. This paper presents the real-time modeling and power management of a Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI) system. The VGI system consists of six AC level 2 Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) charging stations, a Photovoltaics (PV) farm, a commercial building load, and a switch connecting to 240V single phase power grid. PEV charging activities follow the SAE J1772 standard. An energy management algorithm is designed for the VGI system to coordinate the PEV charging with the building load and PV renewable generation. The coordination maintains the power consumption of the VGI system below utility’s demand charge pricing threshold. A real-time power system simulator, Opal-RT, is used in this study. The OPAL-RT system allows users to build detailed power system models using Matlab Simulink/SimPowerSystems and RT-LAB library, and run the models in real-time. The model-based approach enables the integration of power system models seamlessly with the power management algorithm and power electronics-level controllers. The simulation results show that the VGI model emulates the real system well and the coordinated PEV charging helps to balance the power generation and consumption of the VGI system to meet power management requirement.
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Tehrani, Mohammad Gerami, Juho Montonen, Paula Immonen, Simo Sinkko, Esa-Pekka Kaikko, Jarkko Nokka, Jussi Sopanen, and Juha Pyrhönen. "Application of Hub-Wheel Electric Motor Integrated With Two Step Planetary Transmission for Heavy Off-Road Vehicles." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47030.

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An integrated electro-mechanical drive train component for heavy duty vehicles in off-road applications is presented. The component utilizes a two-step transmission and a tooth-coil permanent magnet motor and has compact size enabling in-wheel installation. The driveline design procedure is surveyed to explore the advantages of a geared electric motor in electric drivelines. Multibody dynamic simulation is applied to verify the functionality of the driveline. A vehicle generic model that is compatible with a multibody simulator program is developed to describe the performance of the proposed driveline in different vehicles. A co-simulation procedure is applied to combine the electric motor and vehicle body simulation models. It is shown that the co-simulation can be performed in real-time, thus enabling a human driver to control the vehicle. A comparison is made of the rear wheel drive and wheel mounted electric motor from the efficiency and performance points of view. The power consumption of vehicles with different driveline architectures is calculated to diagnose the weak points of the system and enhancement solutions are proposed.
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Faqeeh, Essam I. "Computerized Design, Simulation and Feasibility Study of the Heat Recovery System at Jeddah Oil Refinery Company." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-418.

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Cogeneration is a very well known and important subject in the industries due to its impact in energy saving and reduction of air pollution. Jeddah Oil Refinery Company (JORC) generates its electric power demand using four industrial gas turbines for a total of 88 MW, while the process steam is produced by four Mitsubishi water tube boilers with a capacity of 50 tons per hour each. The steam condition is at 12 bars gage pressure and 188°C saturation temperature. A computer program “Cogen” has been developed to evaluate the design and off-design performance of the existing four gas turbines at JORC. Accordingly, a heat recovery combined cycle cogeneration system was proposed to utilize the exhaust energy leaving the turbines to fulfill the requirements of the refinery in both electric power and saturated steam. The output results of the computer program are presented in the form of figures. The fuel utilization efficiency of the combined plant has increased to 60% and resulted in approximately 55% reduction in fuel consumption and a payback period of 1.99 years in which the technical and economical feasibility of the proposed system is assured.
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Tudor, V., and M. M. Ohadi. "Control of Frost Accumulation on a Horizontal Cold Plate Using DC Electric Fields." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79688.

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With the rapid advancement and expansion of affordable electronics and their applications to computer-driven process control, the prospects for electronically controllable heat transfer surfaces utilizing electric fields are very encouraging. The effects of DC electric fields on frost crystal growth with wire and flat-plate insulated electrodes were studied in this paper. Results showed that the electrode geometry played a major role in the frost control process. Up to 39% frost reduction was obtained when an insulated plate electrode was used with an applied voltage of 17kV, while in similar experiments only 22% frost reduction was obtained using a wire electrode. The plate temperature varied from −20°C to −40°C, while the air temperature was varied from 0°C to −10°C with air relative humidity ranging from 45% to 90%. Both natural and forced convection (Reynolds number = 5,000) conditions were considered in this study. The average power consumption for these experiments was 31 mW. The main findings of this study suggest that the presence of a DC electric field can greatly affect both the frost crystal growth pattern and mass accumulation on a cold plate. For the first time, the ice surface’s electrical properties and basic electrostatics were used to explain the main findings in this paper. Numerical simulation results of the electric fields utilizing a state-of-the-art commercial software were in agreement with the experimental findings from this study. The effect of charge accumulation on the dielectric coating of the electrodes is also addressed.
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Lu, Zhenghong, Jian Song, Shengnan Fang, Fei Li, and Liangyao Yu. "Shifting Control of Uninterrupted Multi-Speed Transmission Used in Electric Vehicle." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85514.

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Electric Vehicles (EVs) with single-ratio gearbox provide high levels of smoothness, but using two-speed gearbox can provide significant benefits in terms of vehicle acceleration, max speed, and energy consumption. However, a smooth and seamless shifting is hard to be achieved due to the relatively large transmission ratio gap between two gears and the high speed characteristic of drive motor (DM). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a new seamless shifting control algorithm using DM torque for a novel multi-speed EV powertrain. First of all, a novel two-speed uninterrupted mechanical transmission, which consists of a planetary gear, a dry clutch and a band brake, is presented and modeled. In addition to clutch and band brake shift control strategies, new DM torque integration strategies are involved based on quick torque response feature of motors. According to the proposed algorithm, DM torque compensation in torque phase during upshift and less off-going clutch disengagement with DM torque compensation in inertia phase during downshift can both contribute to the uninterrupted output. To shorten the inertia phase time, the half-engagement of oncoming brake and reverse DM torque compensation are recommended. Simulation studies are taken to determine the shift transient behavior of the clutch, band brake and DM during two typical shifting conditions, power-on (when positive DM power is transmitted through the transmission when vehicles speed up or cruise) upshift and power-on downshift, which particularly demand uninterrupted output torque. The simulation results prove that the algorithm works effectively.
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Wilkinson, Elena, and Robert Boehm. "Zero Energy House for the Southern Nevada Area." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76037.

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Las Vegas, Nevada, is one of the country’s most rapidly growing cities. To accommodate this growth, a great deal of home building takes place in Clark County, where the city is located. Builders can sell virtually as many houses as they can construct. All of these houses require utility services that, in general, have to be developed. These, of course, include water, electrical power and natural gas. With the high cooling loads required in this environment, the summer demand peaks for electricity are particularly severe. The emphasis of this paper was placed on the energy conservation methods for a planned zero energy residential home for the Southern Nevada area, which would enable net zero electric energy consumption from the local utilities over a year period. Although also important, the cost outcome of the project was considered a secondary issue. The energy analysis was arranged in three principal parts: • Reduction of heating and cooling loads through implementation of sound envelope construction. • Use of highly energy efficient A/C, gas furnace, and lights. • Solar control and utilization. The computer simulation package Energy 10 version 1.6 is employed during the envelope, A/C, furnace and energy-efficient light analysis. The software allows modeling and simulating of a buildings performance based on inputs such as geographical location, building type, orientation, construction materials used and others. The model selected for this study is reflective of the local construction practices, is a single-family one story, 1,610 ft residential house with north facing fac¸ade and an attached two-car garage, which in this paper is called the “Base Case”. As a result of the energy analysis performed in this paper, the low-energy house (Modified Case) was created. The Modified Case has the identical orientation and floor plan. Implementation of the full spectrum of energy conserving features yielded a dramatic 105% saving on the annual electrical energy consumption by the Modified Case house when compared to the house built according to the local practices. In addition, the space heating and space cooling energy consumptions were reduced by 96% and 72% respectively. Details of the simulations and the final design details are given in the paper.
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Headings, Leon M., Gregory N. Washington, Shawn Midlam-Mohler, and Joseph P. Heremans. "High Temperature Multi-Fuel Combustion-Powered Thermoelectric Auxiliary Power Unit." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1290.

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With rising worldwide energy demands, there is a growing need for technologies which are able to utilize alternative forms and sources of energy as well as to reduce consumption. While energy storage technologies are rapidly advancing, they are not yet capable of matching the energy densities of combustible fuels. The internal combustion engine (ICE), coupled with a generator, is the predominant method of converting this chemical energy into electrical energy, yet the mechanical nature of this system presents performance limitations. An alternative being developed here is a combustion-powered thermoelectric generator (C-TEG) to directly convert the heat released from combustion into electricity. The solid-state nature of thermoelectric (TE) devices provides the attractive inherent benefits of reliability, fuel flexibility, controllability, and potential for power densities exceeding that of ICE/generator systems. While low material and device efficiencies have thus far limited the use of TEGs to niche applications, recently developed materials have more than doubled the TE figure of merit, a material parameter strongly influencing efficiency. The rapid rate of TE material advancements merits the parallel development of device technologies. Opportunities for a durable, multi-fuel, high power density generator make C-TEGs potential candidates for many consumer, industrial, and military power applications including automotive auxiliary power. Within the automotive field, C-TEGs may be applied in hybrid-electric vehicles to provide power during engine cycling or in conjunction with a TE waste heat recovery system to provide power on demand. With sufficient improvements in efficiency, C-TEGs may be used in plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles where the C-TEG serves as the range extender in lieu of an ICE/generator system. Another application is to provide auxiliary power in commercial vehicles. In this research, a baseline prototype was first constructed with a conventional heat exchange configuration, a commercial bismuth telluride module (maximum 225 °C), and a novel fuel atomizer. This prototype was used to develop and validate a computer simulator, identify the greatest opportunities for improvement, validate the use of the fuel atomizer with diesel fuel for TE power generation, and provide a baseline performance with which to compare system improvements. Subsequent improvements were made to increase combustion efficiency, reduce thermal losses, and characterize the heat exchangers at 500 °C for accurate simulation of the system performance with high performance lead telluride modules. In addition, multiple fuels were tested to verify multi-fuel capability and performance, and the use of a Pt/Pd combustion catalyst was tested to quantify improvements in heat exchange effectiveness.
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Mashiko, Koichi, Masataka Mochizuki, Yuji Saito, Yasuhiro Horiuchi, Thang Nguyen, Xiao Ping, Tien Nguyen, and Vijit Wuttijumnong. "Application of Micro-Channel Fin for Cold Plate of Liquid Cooling System and Vapor Chamber." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89144.

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Recently energy saving is most important concept for all electric products and production. Especially, in Data-Center cooling system, power consumption of current air cooling system is increasing. For not only improving thermal performance but also reducing electric power consumption of this system, liquid cooling system has been developed. This paper reports the development of cold plate technology and vapor chamber application by using micro-channel fin. In case of cold plate application, micro-channel fin technology is good for compact space design, high thermal performance, and easy for design and simulation. Another application is the evaporating surface for vapor chamber. The well-known devices for effective heat transfer or heat spreading with the lowest thermal resistance are heat pipes and vapor chamber, which are two-phase heat transfer devices with excellent heat spreading and heat transfer characteristics. Normally, vapor chamber is composed of sintered power wick. Vapor chamber container is mechanically supported by stamped pedestal or wick column or solid column, but the mechanical strength is not enough strong. So far, the application is limited in the area of low strength assembly. Sometime the mechanical supporting frame is design for preventing deformation. In this paper, the testing result of sample is described that thermal resistance between the heat source and the ambient can be improved approximately 0.1°C/W by using the micro-channel vapor chamber. Additionally, authors presented case designs using vapor chamber for cooling computer processors, and proposed ideas of using micro-channel vapor chamber for heat spreading to replace the traditional metal plate heat spreader.
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M. Ali, Ahmed, and Dirk Söffker. "Realtime Power Management of a Multi-Source HEV Using Adaptive Dynamic Programing and Probabilistic Drive State Model." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67568.

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Power management in multi-source hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is a nontrivial problem dealing with different forms of energy. Optimal-based approaches are not facile to apply in realtime due to their high computational requirements. Rule-based (RB) algorithms are suitable for realtime control; however, the solution provided is non-optimal. Development of applicable optimal-based solution in realtime control can ensure higher efficiency of HEVs. This paper presents a new method for realtime optimal control of multisource HEVs using adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). The developed concept is based on drive state recognition in terms of physics-based parameters. Vehicle operating conditions are offline optimized for each state using NSGA-II optimization tool. The optimized solution can be applied state-wise in realtime using adaptive RB method. To apply ADP, probabilistic drive state model is developed to provide a lookahead window and generate state transition network for the specified horizon. The algorithm is customized in terms of prediction stepsize/length to solve the shortest path problem in realtime. Experimental application is conducted using emulation test-rig to validate the results. Both simulation and experimental results show reduction of total cost function in terms of fuel consumption and on-board charge sustaining.
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Gantt, Lynn R., R. Jesse Alley, and Douglas J. Nelson. "Battery Sizing as a Function of Powertrain Component Efficiencies for Various Drive Cycles." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47514.

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The market segment of hybrid-electric and full function electric vehicles is growing within the automotive transportation sector. While many papers exist concerning fuel economy or fuel consumption and the limitations of conventional powertrains, little published work is available for vehicles which use grid electricity as an energy source for propulsion. Generally, the emphasis is put solely on the average drive cycle efficiency for the vehicle with very little thought given to propelling and braking powertrain losses for individual components. The modeling section of this paper will take basic energy loss equations for vehicle speed and acceleration, along with component efficiency information to predict the grid energy consumption in AC Wh/km for a given drive cycle. An electric-only range target is established as part of the vehicle technical specifications. This set range along with component characteristics will impact the sizing of the energy storage subsystem. To demonstrate the usefulness in understanding powertrain losses, the energy use is described in propelling, braking, idle, and charging cases. A simulation focusing on battery sizing to meet power and range requirements shows the impacts of friction brakes, regenerative braking fraction, and average motor efficiency. Vehicle characteristics such as, but not limited to, a range extender application, electric-only vehicle range, and acceleration performance are explained as well. The model is correlated to real world vehicle data for a custom-built plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. By using the Virginia Tech Range Extended Crossover (VTREX) and collecting data from testing, the parameters that the model is based on will be correlated with real world test data. The paper presents a propelling, braking, and net energy weighted drive cycle averaged efficiency that can be used to calculate the losses for a given cycle. In understanding the losses at each component, not just the individual efficiency, areas for future vehicle improvement can be identified to reduce petroleum energy use and greenhouse gases.
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Reports on the topic "Electric power consumption – Computer simulation"

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Szymanski, J. K. Sensitivity analysis of production and power consumption to various constructional and operating factors using a computer based simulation conveyor - bin/hopper model. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304959.

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