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Journal articles on the topic "Electric industries Australia Prices"
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Profaiser, Andrea, Woei Saw, Graham J. Nathan, and Philip Ingenhoven. "Bottom-Up Estimates of the Cost of Supplying High-Temperature Industrial Process Heat from Intermittent Renewable Electricity and Thermal Energy Storage in Australia." Processes 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061070.
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We report the upper and lower bounds for the levelized cost of high-temperature industrial process heat, supplied from electricity generated with solar-photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines in combination with either thermal or electric battery storage using hourly typical meteorological year (TMY) data, in systems sized to supply between 80% and 100% of continuous thermal demand at a site in the northern part of Western Australia. The system is chosen to supply high-temperature air as the heat transfer media at temperatures of 1000 °C, which is a typical temperature for an alumina or a lime calcination plant. A simplified model of the electrical energy plant has been developed using performance characteristics of real PV and wind systems and TMY data of renewable energy resources. This was used to simulate a large sample of possible system configurations and find the optimal combination of the renewable resources and storage systems, sized to provide renewable shares (RES) of between 80% and 100% of the yearly demand. This allowed the upper and lower bounds to be determined for the cost of heat based on two scenarios in which the excess energy is either dumped (upper bound) or exported to the electricity grid (lower bound) at the average generating cost. The lower bound of the levelized cost of energy (LCOEL), which occurs for the system employing thermal storage, was estimated to range from USD 10/GJ to USD 24/GJ for RES from 80 to 100%. The corresponding upper bound (LCOEU), also estimated for the system using thermal storage, are between USD 16/GJ and USD 31/GJ, for RES between 80% and 100%. The utilization of electric battery storage instead of thermal storage was found to increase the LCOE values by a factor of two to four depending on the share of renewable energy. Compared with current Australian natural gas cost, none of the systems assessed configurations is economical without either a cost for CO2 emissions or a premium for low-carbon products. The estimated cost for CO2 emission that is needed to reach parity with current natural gas prices in Australia is also presented.
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Vasilyev, M. Yu. "Generation Structure, Prices, and Tariffs in the Russian Electric Power Industry in 2009-2018." Energy Systems Research, no. 2(14) (July 23, 2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.38028/esr.2021.02.0002.
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The paper aims to summarize and analyze the statistical data on the generation structure and price behavior in the Russian electric power industry and, based on the analysis, make a statistical contribution to the discussion on the outcomes of the electricity reform in Russia. A brief review of this topic is provided. The study states that the electric power industry should be regarded as a combination of four sub-industries when regulation, market design, and industrial organization problems are discussed. These four sub-industries are generation, transmission, distribution, and sales because of different regulations applied to these businesses. The main trends in the retail price index and some other indexes in the four sub-industries are observed from 2009 to 2018. The trends in electricity consumption and generation structure are discussed as essential components of economic processes in the industry. The findings suggest that the four sub-industries make different contributions to the overall growth of the electricity supply costs for end consumers. Most growth was determined by regulated government-granted monopolies in network businesses (transmission and distribution companies). The sales business is represented in the research by suppliers of last resort.
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Liu, Guy, and Liang Zhang. "Understanding the Performance of the Electric Power Industry in China." Asian Economic Papers 11, no. 2 (June 2012): 62–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00143.
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Despite three decades of reform, China's electricity sector is still organized by a “new reformed plan” where capacity investment has been liberalized but prices and production remain controlled. This paper examines the impact of the current plan prices on end-users with reference to the OECD and how the plan price of electricity supply is formed. We argue that the plan price is set in an attempt to balance the interests of the public and the power industry. We find that China's industries do not pay a cheaper price for electricity than the West, and the plan price is formed through bargain between the firm and the state, which allows the firm to have a soft price constraint on its costs.
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Raharjo, Jangkung, and Hermagasantos Zein. "Energy Bidding Quadratic Model and the Use of the B-Loss Matrix for Determining Consumer Energy Price." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 9743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199743.
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The liberalization trend has led to electric restructuring in market industries. At the start of the 1990s, it was recommended to shift the electricity business from a monopoly to a competitive system. The electric power problem becomes more complex from competition because competitors must be ready to win or lose. The method that has succeeded in determining energy prices in competition is the locational marginal price method implemented by the New York Service Operator. In general, the characteristic of the supplier offers are in step function forms, so optimizing prices and allocating transmission losses are a problem. This paper proposes a method for determining electrical energy prices on the consumer side in each location. The method uses a quadratic approach to perform direct method optimization. The transmission losses are calculated through the B-loss matrix approach, and then allocations of the transmission losses are separated with the proportional method. Simulation results for three locations with six suppliers, as well as on a larger scale (118 buses, 54 generators) were obtained.
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Siddique, K. H. M., and J. Sykes. "Pulse production in Australia past, present and future." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 1 (1997): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96068.
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Summary. Several cool- and warm-season pulse crops (grain legumes) are grown in rotation with cereals and pasture forming sustainable farming systems in Australia. Australian pulse production has increased rapidly over the past 25 years to about 2 x 106 t/year, mainly because of the increase in the area and yield of lupin production for stockfeed purposes. Pulses currently comprise only 10% of the cropping areas of Australia and this could be expanded to 16% as there are large areas of soil types suitable for a range of pulse crops and new better-adapted pulse varieties are becoming available. Cool-season pulses will continue to dominate pulse production in Australia and the majority of the expansion will probably come from chickpea and faba bean industries. There appears to be no major constraint to pulse production in Australia that cannot be addressed by breeders, agronomists and farmers. Of the current major pulse crops, field pea faces the most number of difficulties, in particular the lack of disease management options. A recent strategic plan of the Australian pulse industry predicts the production of 4 x 106 t/year by 2005 but this will largely depend upon export demand and pulse prices. It is predicted that the growth in pulse production will come from increased productivity in the existing areas, from 1.0 to 1.4 t/ha, through improvements in crop management and the development of superior varieties. The area of pulse production will also expand by an additional 1.2 x 106 ha probably yielding 1.0 t/ha. If trends in grazing stock prices continue, the increased area under pulse production will mostly come at the expense of those areas under unimproved pasture and continuous cereal cropping.
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Kareva, A. S. "Problems of Assessing Relative Profitability of Modern Russian Electric Power Industry." Voprosy statistiki 26, no. 8 (August 24, 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2019-26-8-43-50.
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The contraction in investment activity and capital reversals from the electric power industry to other energy sectors in Russia poses a potential threat to the country’s energy supply. Identifying the causes of low investment attractiveness of the electric power industry in order to justify directions of regulatory impacts relates to a comparative assessment of the industry profitability. It gives greater urgency to the development of the relevant methodological guidelines.The paper presents the study of the two mutually reinforcing methods for measuring the profitability of the Russian energy industries and comparative analysis of electric power industry and industries related to the extraction and processing of oil and gas using data from Rosstat. The authors identified the strengths and weaknesses of the two methods used. In particular, it is shown that the method for calculating macroeconomic profitability thought versatile and straightforward is sensitive to changes in the initial data generation technique and its quality. Whereas, the application of the second method based on the aggregation of data on prices and structure of intermediate consumption of enterprises is limited to industries not participating in export-import operations.Through the practical application of the abovementioned methods, the author did not find any gaps in profitability between the power industry and other energy sectors. Hence, the relatively low investment attractiveness of the power industry is mainly due to structural causes (for example, pricing; low market efficiency). Economic and statistical analysis of the current situation allows, in the authors’ opinion, to make target government actions. Moreover, adequate management is a precondition for further improvements to the methodology of profitability analysis of energy sectors, primarily, advancement towards disaggregation of the considered indicators and data availability.
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MIYATA, YUZURU, HIROYUKI SHIBUSAWA, and TOMOAKI FUJII. "ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SUBSIDY POLICIES TO ELECTRIC VEHICLE SOCIETY IN TOYOHASHI CITY IN JAPAN — A CGE-MODELING APPROACH." Singapore Economic Review 63, no. 02 (March 2018): 409–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590817400185.
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In this paper, we explore the economic impact of promotion and realization of an electric vehicle society (EVS). More concretely, this paper emphasizes a computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling approach to evaluate the following issues: economic impacts of subsidies for promotion of an EVS, the possibility of price reductions, industrial structure change toward an EVS, and modal shift occurring toward an EVS. Our simulation results demonstrate that after applying 5–25% up subsidies to five industries, such as electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing, EV transport, solar power, cogeneration and other transport, the total industrial output and city GDP increase. A large growth rate is found in industries where subsidies are introduced alone with non-ferrous metal industry. However, it is interesting that decreasing proportions are found in oil and coal product, mining, heat supply and gasoline vehicle (GV) transport industries. Moreover, all the commodity prices decrease since subsidies are given to some industries. Hence Toyohashi City’s economy shows a direction where the demand for conventional vehicles and energy use are decreased, conversely, the demand for EVs and renewable energy are increased illustrating a different life style from the current one. However, it does not mean that the total CO2 emission is decreased. EV society makes some industrial outputs larger. Due to the fact that some industrial outputs are increased, CO2 emissions of EV manufacturing and nonferrous metal are increased more than decreased industries. Thus, introducing 5–25% subsidies to EV manufacturing, EV transport, solar power, cogeneration and other transport can really represent a realistic alternative society to EVS if the total CO2 emission can be reduced. Therefore, we have to think what can make the total CO2 emission reduced.
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Given, Jock. "Not Being Ernest: Uncovering Competitors in the Foundation of Australian Wireless." Historical Records of Australian Science 18, no. 2 (2007): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr07012.
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Ernest Fisk was the dominant figure in early wireless in Australia. He headed Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia), AWA, 1917–44, and was managing director of Electric and Musical Industries (EMI) in London, 1945–51. Arriving in Australia in 1911 at a critical moment in wireless development, Fisk became the main local representative for an industry that was born global. He was not, however, the first, as is often claimed. This article examines his predecessors, whose failures tell a good deal about Fisk's strengths, the good fortune of his timing and the business strategies of early multinational wireless companies.
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Evans, G. "Application of reproductive technology to the Australian livestock industries." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 3, no. 6 (1991): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9910627.
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Current use of reproductive technology in the Australian livestock industries is limited, though it increased in line with higher prices for beef and wool through the 1980s. The required techniques, many of which were developed in Australia, are available and the level of expertise is comparable to the best in the world. However, the extensive pastoral industries do not readily lend themselves to these procedures. Only in the dairy industry is artificial insemination used to a significant degree. On the other hand, application of the technology in the pastoral industries is confined largely to studs and breeding cooperatives which provide breeding animals for producer flocks and herds. Hence the impact of applied technology may be more widespread than first appears. Until recently, little regard was paid to application of the technology along sound breeding principles. Artificial insemination and multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) have not been used so much in planned breeding programmes aimed at local improvement of stock, but more to proliferate genes of reputedly superior stock, imported either from overseas or elsewhere in Australia. This is particularly true of MOET, where the incentive to use it is commonly a short term cash gain made from proliferating breeding stock of a particularly valuable and usually novel strain or breed. Recent technological improvements which render the use of reproductive technology cheaper and more effective will lead to its more widespread use in commercial practice. Techniques for embryo freezing and splitting have been greatly simplified and quickly put into practice. The novel livestock technologies of in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization have already found commercial application overseas. Fecundity-enhancing products have also been adopted by the livestock industries. There is potential value for greater use of reproductive technology in the livestock industries provided it is implemented according to sound breeding principles and provided associated management practices are applied simultaneously.
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Kondratiev, V. B. "Australian Mining Industry: Positions and Perspectives." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1/2022 (March 15, 2022): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1-91-102.
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Australia has a world-leading mining industry as a producer for some 16 commodities including gold, bauxite, iron ore, rare earths, zinc, nickel and coal. In 2021, Australia’s mineral exports (excluding petroleum products) amounted to $200 billion which was 58% of all good’s export and 46% of all exported goods and services. In 2021, mining accounted for more than 10% of gross national product. In addition, the mining industry employed some 240 000 people, with many more employed by related industries. Australia is richly endowed with many minerals, that are regarded as critical, or strategic, minerals by many trading partners. Growing markets for these commodities, particularly for those associated with emerging technologies such as battery storage, renewable energy and electric vehicles have stimulated exploration and resource delineation in Australia in recent years
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electric industries Australia Prices"
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Deng, Daniel. "Three essays on electricity spot and financial derivative prices at the Nordic power exchange /." Göteborg : Department of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law [Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögskolan], Göteborg University, 2006. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/archive/00004820/01/Deng%5Ffull.pdf.
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Gupta, Pavan, University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and School of Management. "Residential sector deregulation in the electricity industry : analysis of electricity consumption patterns." THESIS_CLAB_MAN_Gupta_P.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/744.
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The research presented in this thesis aims to improve our knowledge regarding the impact of privatisation and deregulation of public service type infrastructure industries. In recent years, Australia's industry reform policies have critically relied on rapid deregulation of major utilities such as telecommunication, gas and electricity. Although several industries have been deregulated in the last two decades, our understanding regarding the impact of deregulation on residential electricity market is still developing. In order to accomplish the research, about 400 residential customers were surveyed and their electricity consumption patterns (ECP)were monitored by installing special electronic meters. The findings are discussed in detail. As an implication to policy and practice there is an urgent need for a nation-wide standard,reshaping the practices of the electricity marketing and establishing a time-dynamic ECP monitoring system. Another important implication concerns the well-founded theories in micro-economic literature. This research has established that the price of the commodities and services charged by public service type utility suppliers should not be left entirely to the market forces concerned with demand - supply equilibrium. There is an urgent need to understand the role of different socio-economic segments in contributing to the economic efficiencies of public service type assets. More efficient segments should be equitably rewarded for their contributions rather than penalised perhaps due to the lack of their bargaining power.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Liu, Min, and 劉敏. "Energy allocation with risk management in electricity markets." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29335978.
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Kwok, Ho King Calvin Actuarial Studies Australian School of Business UNSW. "Energy price modelling and risk management." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Actuarial Studies, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40602.
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This thesis focuses on the development of a forecasting model for short- to medium-term electricity spot prices, based on modelling the dynamics of the supply and demand functions. It is found that the equilibrium assumption frequently adopted in electricity price models does not always hold; to overcome this problem, a notional demand process derived from the market clearing condition is proposed. Not only is this demand process able to capture all the price-affecting factors in one variable, but it also allows the equilibrium assumption to be satisfied and a spot price model to be built, using any appropriate form of hypothetical supply function. In addition, this thesis presents a model for approximating and modelling the bid stacks by capturing the points that govern their shape and location. Integrating these two models provides a realistic model that has a mean absolute percentage error of approximately 19% and 24% for week- and month-ahead forecasts respectively, when applied to the New South Wales (NSW) half-hourly electricity spot prices. Additionally, the density forecasting evaluation method proposed by Diebold et al. (1998) is employed in the thesis to assess the performance of the model. Besides the development of a spot price model, a two-part empirical study is made of the prices of NSW electricity futures contracts. The first part of the study develops a method based on the principle of certainty equivalence, which enables the market utility function to be recovered from a set of futures market quotes. The method is tested with two different sets of simulated data and works as expected. However, it is unable to obtain useful results from the NSW market quotes due to the poor data quality. The second part uses a regression method to investigate the relationship between futures prices and the descriptive statistics of the underlying spot prices. The result suggests that futures prices in NSW are linear combinations of the median and volatility of the final payoff.
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Morrison, W. Alan. "Electricity policy and its achievements in Australia (1990 to 2000)." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151137.
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Poole, Martin. "A technical and economic review of gas turbine cogeneration in Australia and the influence of energy prices and economic instruments." 2003. http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/5768.
Full textBooks on the topic "Electric industries Australia Prices"
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Book prices in Australia and the United States of America. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1985.
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Alberta Energy and Utilities Board. 1999/2000 electric tariff applications. Calgary, Alberta: Alberta Energy and Utilities Board, 1999.
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Borenstein, Severin. On the efficiency of competitive electricity markets with time-invariant retail prices. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.
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Wood, Douglas. The effect of first periodic price review on share prices of RECs. Manchester: Manchester Business School, 1995.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Health Care, and Entitlements. The effects of rising energy costs on American families and employers: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Health Care, and Entitlements of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, February 14, 2013. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.
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Kellow, Aynsley J. Transforming power: Electricity planning in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Cambridge, Uk: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
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Hill, Lawrence J. A primer on incentive regulation for electric utilities. Oak Ridge, Tenn: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1995.
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New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Standing Committee on Energy. Public hearing on the impact of escalating prices in electricity, natural gas and other fuels on business. Binghamton, N.Y.?]: Associated Reporters Int'l., Inc., 2005.
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New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Standing Committee on Energy. Public hearing on the impact of escalating prices in electricity, natural gas and other fuels on businesses. Syracuse, N.Y.?]: Associated Reporters Int'l., Inc., 2005.
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Recycling, Illinois Bureau of Energy and. Large-customer Energy Analysis Program. Springfield, Ill.]: State of Illinois, Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity, [Bureau of Energy and Recycling, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Electric industries Australia Prices"
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Abbott, Malcolm, and Bruce Cohen. "Corporatization and privatization." In Utilities Reform in Twenty-First Century Australia, 67–85. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865063.003.0004.
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In this chapter the issues of corporatization and privatization are examined. This means looking at the reasons behind the dissatisfaction with the performance of the government business enterprises that arose in the 1980s and 1990s, and exploring some of the steps taken to address them. In addition to providing an account of the process and elements of corporatization, a survey of the privatization of government-owned enterprises in Australia since the 1980s is presented. This includes an analysis of the sequence and pace of the sales, the industries in which they occurred, and by jurisdiction. In addition, the quantum of Australia’s privatisations since 1990 is illustrated, with estimations of sale prices shown in terms of Constant $ values.
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Abbott, Malcolm, and Bruce Cohen. "Conclusion." In Utilities Reform in Twenty-First Century Australia, 322–36. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865063.003.0011.
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The final chapter provides a summing up of the book along with some speculation about the future development in this sector. In doing so it provides a description of some of the main issues that have arisen in the process of reform of the utilities sector. The chapter also raises a number of issues that need to be addressed looking forward, including the escalation in prices of many utilities services, environmental impacts, as well as the problems associated with economic regulation. Finally, this chapter reflects upon the manner in which reform of Australia’s utilities industries has taken place over the past three decades, and the implications this process may have for policy development and future reform more generally.
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Singer, Donald, and W. David Menzie. "Mineral Resources and Society." In Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessments. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195399592.003.0005.
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Modern society cannot live without electric and electronic products, concrete, glass, fertilizers, ceramics, motor vehicles, airplanes, refrigerators, stoves, and medical equipment, all of which are made with products of mining. In the 1950s and again in the 1970s there was serious concern about whether we would run out of mineral resources. This recurring theme is driven largely by the increasing amounts of mineral material produced from mines and used by society over time. One of the most striking aspects of the increasing quantities of mineral materials produced has been that prices of many minerals have been declining for more than 100 years. Historically, prices of nonfuel mineral materials have declined relative to consumer goods and wages (Barnett and Morse, 1963). The declining prices have had a positive influence on general economies of mineral users by reducing prices of the factors of production of finished goods. Because mineral commodities are the building blocks of so many industries and products, the declining prices reverberate throughout the economy. Declining mineral commodity prices have largely been due to the successes of mining engineers in repeatedly lowering mining and processing costs and of geologists in lowering discovery costs of mineral deposits. Demonstrating the variability of commodity prices, between 2003 and 2008 prices have dramatically increased, and in 2008 they declined again. Understanding how it is possible to have both increasing production and decreasing and more recently increasing and then decreasing prices of minerals is important to assessors and to decision-makers. Decision-makers, whether concerned about regional development, exploration, or land management, are faced with the dilemma of obtaining new information, or allowing or encouraging others to obtain it, and the possible benefits and costs of development if mineral deposits of value are discovered. The intent in this chapter is to provide decision-makers and assessors a modern perspective on the geologic controls of mineral supply and demand and on the importance to supply of different kinds of mineral deposits and occurrences.
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Acosta, Yonni Angel Cuero, Isabel Torres Zapata, and Utz Dornberger. "Technology-Intensive Suppliers as a Key Element for Structural Change in Latin America." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 44–54. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6224-7.ch003.
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The current increase of commodity prices prompts the question regarding the extent to which the growth of primary industries is used as a basis of industrial development. Empirical evidence suggests the development of Technology-Intensive Suppliers (TIS) has played an important role in the industrialization process of the Nordic countries, Canada, and Australia. The development of local TIS may contribute to both reinforcing the industrial base and supporting structural change in developing countries. Therefore, it may provide a way to advance from natural resource dependence towards knowledge-based industrial activities. The TIS products are created under tailor-made concepts, giving solutions to their customers. TIS use knowledge and customer information to create innovation. These firms enhance value chains improving customer's competitive advantages (Dornberger & Torres, 2006). The relationship between the primary sector and its suppliers of technology can be seen as a backward linkage. Sectors with linkages of this kind use inputs from other industries (Hirschman, 1958). Hence, a fundamental goal of research in the context of developing countries is to understand the development of TIS and analysis of their improvement as a result of entrepreneurship intervention. This chapter covers the relevance of TIS firms in developing countries. TIS companies are frequently labeled as Micro-, Small-, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs). In conclusion, the findings highlight the need to pay more attention to TIS organizations in developing economies. In Latin America, TIS firms contribute to the employment and diversification of the economic structure of the region through value-added products and services.
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Acosta, Yonni Angel Cuero, Isabel Torres Zapata, and Utz Dornberger. "Technology-Intensive Suppliers as a Key Element for Structural Change in Latin America." In International Business, 2332–43. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9814-7.ch106.
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The current increase of commodity prices prompts the question regarding the extent to which the growth of primary industries is used as a basis of industrial development. Empirical evidence suggests the development of Technology-Intensive Suppliers (TIS) has played an important role in the industrialization process of the Nordic countries, Canada, and Australia. The development of local TIS may contribute to both reinforcing the industrial base and supporting structural change in developing countries. Therefore, it may provide a way to advance from natural resource dependence towards knowledge-based industrial activities. The TIS products are created under tailor-made concepts, giving solutions to their customers. TIS use knowledge and customer information to create innovation. These firms enhance value chains improving customer's competitive advantages (Dornberger & Torres, 2006). The relationship between the primary sector and its suppliers of technology can be seen as a backward linkage. Sectors with linkages of this kind use inputs from other industries (Hirschman, 1958). Hence, a fundamental goal of research in the context of developing countries is to understand the development of TIS and analysis of their improvement as a result of entrepreneurship intervention. This chapter covers the relevance of TIS firms in developing countries. TIS companies are frequently labeled as Micro-, Small-, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs). In conclusion, the findings highlight the need to pay more attention to TIS organizations in developing economies. In Latin America, TIS firms contribute to the employment and diversification of the economic structure of the region through value-added products and services.
Conference papers on the topic "Electric industries Australia Prices"
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Fyffe, John R., Stuart M. Cohen, and Michael E. Webber. "Comparing Flexible CO2 Capture in Gas- and Coal-Dominated Electricity Markets." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54359.
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Coal-fired power plants are a source of inexpensive, reliable electricity for many countries. Unfortunately, their high carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions rates contribute significantly to global climate change. With the likelihood of future policies limiting CO2 emissions, CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) could allow for the continued use of coal while low- and zero-emission generation sources are developed and implemented. This work compares the potential impact of flexibly operating CO2 capture systems on the economic viability of using CCS in gas- and coal-dominated electricity markets. The comparison is made using a previously developed modeling framework to analyze two different markets: 1) a natural-gas dominated market (the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, or ERCOT) and 2) a coal-dominated market (the National Electricity Market, or NEM in Australia). The model uses performance and economic parameters for each power plant to determine the annual generation, CO2 emissions, and operating profits for each plant for specified input fuel prices and CO2 emissions costs. Previous studies of ERCOT found that flexible CO2 capture operation could improve the economic viability of coal-fired power plants with CO2 capture when there are opportunities to reduce CO2 capture load and increase electrical output when electricity prices are high. The model was used to compare the implications of using CO2 capture systems in the two electricity systems under CO2 emissions penalties from 0–100 US dollars per metric ton of CO2. Half the coal-fired power plants in each grid were selected to be considered for a CO2 capture retrofit based on plant efficiency, whether or not SO2 scrubbers are already installed on the plant, and the plant’s proximity to viable sequestration sites. Plants considered for CO2 capture systems are compared with and without inflexible CO2 capture as well as with two different flexible operation strategies. With more coal-fired power plants being dispatched as the marginal generator and setting the electricity price in the NEM, electricity prices increase faster due to CO2 prices than in ERCOT where natural gas-plants typically set the electricity price. The model showed moderate CO2 emissions reductions in ERCOT with CO2 capture and no CO2 price because increased costs at coal-fired power plants led to reduced generation. Without CO2 prices, installing CO2 capture on coal-fired power plants resulted in moderately reduced CO2 emissions in ERCOT as the coal-fired power plants became more expensive and were replaced with less expensive natural gas-fired generators. Without changing the makeup of the plant fleet in NEM, a CO2 price would not currently promote significant replacement of coal-fired power plants because there is minimal excess capacity with low CO2 emissions rates that can displace existing coal-fired power plants. Additionally, retrofitting CO2 capture onto half of the coal-based fleet in NEM did not reduce CO2 emissions significantly without CO2 costs being implemented because the plants with capture become more expensive and were replaced by the coal-fired power plants without CO2 capture. Operating profits at NEM capture plants increased as CO2 price increased much faster than capture plants in ERCOT. The higher rate of increasing profits for plants in NEM is due to the marginal generators in NEM being coal-based facilities with higher CO2 emissions penalties than the natural gas-fired facilities that set electricity prices in ERCOT. Overall, coal-fired power plants were more profitable with CO2 capture systems than without in both ERCOT and NEM when CO2 prices were higher than USD25/ton.
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Bach, Inger, Karl Erik Widell, and Geert V. Schmidt. "Energy Supply Systems Based on Micro Gas Turbines for Industrial Applications." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1347.
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Abstract Denmark has a well-developed natural gas distribution grid and during the last decade a large number of decentralised CHP-plants (> 2000 MW total capacity) have been built around the country for industrial applications and district heating. The largest small scale CHP has an installed electrical capacity of 99 MW, while most of the plants have capacities from some hundred kW to 10 MW. The larger plants are all based on gas turbines while the smaller plants predominantly use lean-burn reciprocating engines. On the whole this development has been very successful and is supported by tax incitements for small power producers. Lean-burn engines have, however, some problems, e.g. with regard to UHC, so the emergence of small and micro-gas turbines from a number of producers offers an interesting possibility to extend the use of gas turbines down to the smaller plant sizes. Two cases have been investigated involving smaller industries with a process steam demand. The energy systems investigated are based on a 100 kW recuperated gas turbine (Turbec T100) and a 600 kW simple cycle gas turbine (Volvo Aero VT600). The steam and hot water is produced in a Waste Heat Recovery boiler (WHR). To obtain the sufficient steam production and sufficient steam quality it is necessary to use supplementary firing. The analysis shows that a recuperated gas turbine has no particular advantages for industrial steam production plants. The low exhaust temperature after the recuperator is not sufficient to produce steam of proper quality. When comparing a CHP plant with a natural gas fired steam boiler, it is found that a simple cycle gas turbine is more suitable for steam producing industrial energy supply systems. Even if the net electric efficiency is lower for a simple cycle gas turbine, one can get a quite high, marginal net electric efficiency of about 60% (LHV) when replacing a gas fired boiler with a steam producing industrial CHP-plant. The marginal net electric efficiency is based on comparing the actual CHP plant with an existing gas fired steam producing boiler with an efficiency of 90% (LHV). This is a very high net electric efficiency compared to a centralised power plant. The study shows that there is little doubt that CHP systems based on gas turbines are functional, efficient and environmentally friendly, but it is very difficult to achieve a satisfactory economy with the present relations between gas costs, electricity prices and gas turbine prices.
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Bonolo de Campos, Gustavo, Cleverson Bringhenti, Diogo F. Cavalca, Jesuíno T. Tomita, Werner Riederer, and Raphael L. Pinto. "Parallel Between Rankine and Combined-Cycle Power Plants Configurations Burning Blast Furnace Gas." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64341.
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The increasing fuel prices and stringent environmental legislation compel industries worldwide to pursue means to increase their processes efficiency. A higher efficiency relates to a reduction in fuel consumption, which results in a lower operational cost and emissions. When considering a steel mill, processes encountered in the blast furnace and in the coke oven, for example, generate gases that can be availed as low-grade fuels to return some sort of energy back to the process. This practice reduces the amount of high-grade fuel required and increases the global efficiency of the industrial site; however, demands higher investments and increase the management complexity. A thorough evaluation of such power cycles is important to assess their application. This paper is based on a currently operational combined-cycle power plant composed by two gas turbines that are adapted to use blast furnace gas as main fuel and one steam turbine with a total power rating of 490 MWe. This power plant configuration is compared to another one in which the topping cycle — composed by two gas turbines — is eliminated, and the same amount of blast furnace gas is burnt in a conventional steam generator, operating as a Rankine-cycle. The software Gate Cycle™ was used to model and simulate both cycles and provide the main parameters to analyze their performance. Parameters such as power rating, efficiency, emissions, and expected capital expenditure provided means to assess both options and evaluate their application. The combined-cycle provided higher efficiency and power rating when compared with the Rankine-cycle. However, the expected values for capital expenditure showed to be also higher. A major difference between both cycles is the higher flexibility of the combined-cycle power plant, which is essential to guarantee an electric energy source within the industrial site. As a counterpart, the operational complexity is significantly higher when compared with the Rankine-cycle. Overall, the present work provides valuable information to assess both solutions.
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Yuksek, Errol L., and Parsa Mirmobin. "Electricity Generation From Large Marine Vessel Engine Jacket Water Heat." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49226.
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As world trade grows, fuel prices increase, and International Maritime Organization (IMO) emissions requirements tighten, there is more demand for the marine industry to employ innovative means of reducing the fuel consumption and emissions of shipping vessels. The main engines of large shipping vessels produce a large quantity of low temperature heat, but this valuable heat energy is transferred to cooling systems and rejected to the oceans as waste. At the same time, the electrical needs of shipping vessels are sustained by burning diesel fuel to run generators. Calnetix Technologies, in partnership with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, has developed the Hydrocurrent™ 125EJW Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), a modularized system capable of absorbing the waste heat of main engine jacket water and converting it into grid-quality electric power. By combining this renewable source with the existing non-renewable source (engine gensets) a unique renewable-non-renewable hybrid power system is realized with minimal changes to overall ship power train. This novel hybrid system can be applied to all new and existing ships and allow for further integration into ship systems with available waste heat. Shipping vessels such as tankers, bulk carriers, and container vessels are typically equipped with a category 3 marine diesel engine for main propulsion. A 30 MW engine, a most common engine size, utilizes 200–300 m3/hr of jacket water regulated to a heated temperature of 80–95 C. When integrated into the jacket water and sea water loops, the ORC can produce up to 125 kW of gross grid-quality electric power. This adds an immense benefit to the ship. To produce the same amount of power, a diesel generator consumes as much as 250 metric tons of diesel fuel per year, generates emissions, and requires significant maintenance. Calnetix Technologies has leveraged its core technologies to develop the ORC into a reliable, high efficiency, compact and modular design. The turbo-generator or Integrated Power Module (IPM) is a hermetically sealed, high speed radial turbine coupled to a permanent magnet generator supported by magnetic bearings. Power from the IPM is converted by a high efficiency power converter supplying the ship with reliable power. The integrated design of the ORC along with the sophistication of its controls systems ensures essential ship functions are undisturbed under all conditions. The ORC is designed to comply with Nippon Kaiji Kyokai and Lloyd’s Register marine regulations and sea trials are anticipated to take place in 2015.