Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electric double-layer formation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Electric double-layer formation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Electric double-layer formation"

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Qu, Danqi, and Hui-Chia Yu. "Direct Numerical Simulation of Electric Double Layer Formation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-01, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-011133mtgabs.

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Xu, Yan, Wei Dong Yi, and Ko Wen Jwo. "Research on the Electrical Model of a Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 917–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.917.

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The electrical model of a capacitive soil moisture sensor is considered in this paper. In the new model established, the contact resistor and contact capacitance are taken into account. It is pointed out that the electric double layer causes the formation of the contact resistor and contact capacitance. The electrical properties of the electric double layer are the effect of both physical electricity and electrochemistry, so the relationship between the contact capacitance and the soil relative permittivity does not follow the formula of the parallel plate capacitor. Based upon the diffuse electric double layer model, this paper successfully derives the formula of the contact capacitor , whose coefficients are determined by MATLAB simulation based on experimental data, and the soil relative permittivity. Besides, this paper has established the sensor-output-voltage-Vo -soil-moisture-θ curve and compared it to that derived from the model without considering the electric double layer. It is demonstrated that the correlation coefficient between the curve derived from the model this paper established and the experimental data is 0.9997, more accurately describing the relation between the sensor output voltage Vo and soil moisture θ.
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Qu, Danqi, Robert Termuhlen, and Hui-Chia Yu. "Direct Numerical Simulation of Electric Double Layer Formation in Supercapacitors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-02, no. 3 (November 23, 2020): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-023533mtgabs.

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Jargulinski, W., and J. Szelka. "Formation of a Double Electric Layer on the Metal-Plastic Boundary." Materials Science 40, no. 5 (September 2004): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11003-005-0104-z.

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Teuber, M., M. Strautmann, J. Drillkens, and D. U. Sauer. "Lifetime and Performance Assessment of Commercial Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Based on Cover Layer Formation." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, no. 20 (April 30, 2019): 18313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b00057.

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Hsieh, Chien-Te, and Yi-Tian Lin. "Synthesis of mesoporous carbon composite and its electric double-layer formation behavior." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 93, no. 1-3 (July 2006): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.02.017.

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Krishnan, Karthik, Premkumar Jayaraman, Subramanian Balasubramanian, and Ulaganathan Mani. "Nanoionic transport and electric double layer formation at the electrode/polymer interface for high-performance supercapacitors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 46 (2018): 23650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta09524h.

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Lennartsson, W. "Some aspects of double layer formation in a plasma constrained by a magnetic mirror." Laser and Particle Beams 5, no. 2 (May 1987): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600002792.

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The discussion of parallel electric fields in the earth's magnetosphere has undergone a notable shift of emphasis in recent years, away from wave-generated anomalous resistivity towards the more large-scale effects of magnetic confinement of current carrying plasmas. This shift has been inspired in large part by the more extensive data on auroral particle distribution functions that have been made available, data that may often seem consistent with a dissipation-free acceleration of auroral electrons over an extended altitude range.Efforts to interpret these data have brought new vigor to the concept that a smooth and static electric field can be self-consistently generated by suitable pitch-angle anisotropies among the high-altitude particle populations, different for electrons and ions, and that such an electric field is both necessary and sufficient to maintain the plasma in a quasi-neutral steady state. This paper reviews and criticizes certain aspects of this concept, both from a general theoretical standpoint and from the standpoint of what we know about the magnetospheric environment. It is argued that this concept has flaws and that the actual physical problem is considerably more complicated, requiring a more complex electric field, possibly including double layer structures.
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Brodskaya, Elena. "Role of Water in the Formation of the Electric Double Layer of Micelles." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 116, no. 19 (May 8, 2012): 5795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp3024183.

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ICHIYANAGI, Mitsuhisa, Shankar Devasenathipathy, Yohei SATO, and Koichi HISHIDA. "Transient Characteristic of Electric Double Layer Formation in Buffer Solutions by Varying pH." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2003 (2003): 429–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2003.429.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electric double-layer formation"

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Hou, Chia-Hung. "Electrical double layer formation in nanoporous carbon materials." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22698.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Sotira Yiacoumi; Committee Co-Chair: Costas Tsouris; Committee Member: Ching-Hua Huang; Committee Member: Sankar Nair; Committee Member: Spyros G. Pavlostathis.
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Yang, Kun-Lin. "Electrical double-layer formation at the nanoscale : molecular modeling and applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20123.

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Gosika, Mounika. "Surface Adsorption of Dendrimers: Structure, Interactions at Graphene/Water Interface and Applications in Supercapacitors." Thesis, 2019. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5373.

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The study of structure and dynamics of geometrically con ned polymers has been an interesting topic of research. In this thesis we speci cally studied the adsorption behavior of a hyper-branched polymer called poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer at a graphene/water interface. We have primarily employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for this purpose. In case of PAMAM dendrimers, which are well-known for their drug-delivery applications, understanding the surface behavior is important to understand their interactions with cell-membrane. Because of their highly monodisperse sizes and unique star-like architectures with void-spaces within them, the dendrimers have potential applications in energy storage devices, surface patterning, biomedicine, and nanotechnology. It is crucial to study the surface behavior of dendrimers for investigating these interesting applications. In this thesis we specially address two of the applications of the dendrimers i.e., i) surface wetting and ii) as electrode coating materials and as electrolytes in supercapacitors. Supercapacitors are the new-age energy storage devices based on electric double-layer formation. We believe that the work carried out in this thesis is helpful for the dendrimer's applications in surface wetting and supercapacitors. For instance, from the third chapter we can say that the neutral pH dendrimers must be considered for achieving maximum surface wetting. Similarly, from the binding energy strengths obtained in the fourth chapter, one can decide the typical strengths of the electric elds to be used to desorb the dendrimers during discharge cycles for supercapacitor study. Chapter 5 shows that the presence of a surface is a favorable situation when one needs to prevent dendrimer aggregation, as the interactions are repulsive in nature irrespective of the protonation level of the dendrimer. From the positive results from chapter 6, where we nd an enhancement in the capacitance value in the presence of dendrimer, one can investigate their further applications in supercapacitors.
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Yen, Yo-Hsien, and 顏佑憲. "Formation of Electrical Double Layer of Organic Ions during Charging/Discharging of Mesoporous Carbon Electrodes." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50002283685307548803.

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碩士
國立清華大學
化學工程學系
102
High surface-area microporous carbon materials have been developed for increased energy storage in capacitors, but the high diffusion resistance in micropores may limit the ion transport during charging/discharging and hence compromised current density. To improve the efficiency of high surface-area electrodes, synthesis of carbon materials with well-defined pore shape/size ranging from nano- to micro-meter scales is the recent focus. In this study, in-situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is adopted for structural characterization and elucidation of organic ion (EMI+ and TFSI−) transport during charging/discharging cycles. Two porous carbon materials of different pore distributions, coded as SCB (unimodal) and 1227 (multimodal), are investigated. For both carbon materials, cyclic voltammetry in a window of −2 to 2 V at scan rates of 100 and 10 mV/s indicates scan rate-insensitive specific capacitance, i.e., the multimodal pore distribution does not significantly enhance ion transport at a high scan rate, as the pore sizes are much greater than the organic ions. This is consistent with the observation that the ratio of specific capacitance values between the two carbon materials lies generally in the range of 1.45−1.50, close to the ratio of 1.42 in BET-determined surface areas. Comparison between SAXS profiles of dry carbon powders with those of the carbon electrodes after 6-hr soaking in the EMI+-TFSI− electrolyte indicates a general decrease in intensity (due to decreased contrast) for shoulders representing pores of different sizes, again indicating free-filling of pores by the neutral electrolyte. Assuming a core-shell model for the double layer structure in the presence of an applied potential, the SAXS profiles show that there is always a shell (ca. 0.7 nm in thickness) of counter-ions adhering to the pore wall, hence the pore contrast is dominated by the electron density differences between the co-ion-rich core and the carbon matrix, which decreases upon negative charging and increases upon positive charging. The SAXS profiles of 1227 are first fitted in the low- to medium-q ranges by use of a power-law contribution (representing fractal-like features) and two ploydisperse-sphere form factors (23 and 9 nm, respectively, in mean diameter) with hard sphere interaction. These contributions are then subtracted from the SAXS profiles to reveal the contribution of small pores (ca. 2.3 nm in mean diameter) in the range of q = 0.075 to 0.1 Å−1. For SCB, we use the integrated intensity for q = 0.02–0.03 Å−1 and for q = 0.06–0.08 Å−1to represent form factors of Rg = 9 nm and 2.3 nm, respectively. Both approaches consistently indicate simultaneous contrast changes in pores of different sizes during positive and negative charging at 10 mV/s for both 1227 and SCB, suggesting that the double-layer structure individually forms in pores of all sizes. On the other hand, integrated SAXS intensity in q ranges of 0.02–0.03 Å−1 and the high-q extreme of 0.9–1.0 Å−1 during full-window charging at 10 mV/s indicate opposite changes in intensity. This is explained in terms of the dominance of contrast between counter-ion-rich shell layer of dense packing and matrix responsible for intensity in the high-q extreme.
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Book chapters on the topic "Electric double-layer formation"

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Zhang, H. "Electrokinetic Properties." In Chemistry of Variable Charge Soils. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097450.003.0010.

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Cations and anions adsorbed by soil particles carrying surface charges are not present totally on the surface of the particles. Actually, in a soil-water system, a portion of adsorbed ions is distributed near the surface, forming an electric double layer at the interface between the solid particle and the liquid phase. When the two phases have a relative movement in an electrical field or are affected by other forces, the system can exhibit certain electrical properties, called electrokinetic properties. Electrokinetic properties of soils are the overall reflection of the distribution of various kinds of ions in the electric double layer of a soil-water system. They are related to both the characteristics of the soil and the nature of ions. For variable charge soils, because they adsorb anions as well as cations and during the adsorption both electrostatic force and specific force are involved, their electrokinetic properties frequently manifest themselves in a complex manner. As shall be seen in the present chapter, the electrokinetic properties of variable charge soils exhibit certain characteristics different from those of constant charge soils, and these characteristics are of significance for further distinguishing soil types among these soils. All the electrokinetic phenomena occurring in any colloid system result from the existence of the electric double layer. The same holds true for soils. Therefore, in this section the theory of the electric double layer along with its relation to various electrokinetic properties will be introduced first, and then the complexities in soil systems in this respect will be examined. When two phases are in contact, owing to the difference in properties, a redistribution of electric charge will occur at the interface between the two phases, leading to the formation of two layers with charges equal in quantity but opposite in sign between the two sides of the interface. This pair of charged layers is called electric double layer. It is a microscopically charged system present in the interfacial region between the two phases. The electric potential may vary at different positions within the system, but the system as a whole is electrically neutral.
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Yang, Kun-Lin, Sotira Yiacoumi, and Costas Tsouris. "Electrical Double-Layer Formation." In Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Second Edition - Six Volume Set (Print Version). CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439834398.ch60.

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Yang, Kun-Lin, Costas Tsouris, and Sotira Yiacoumi. "Electrical Double-Layer Formation." In Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Second Edition - Six Volume Set (Print Version), 1157–70. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0849396397.ch102.

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Yang, Kun-Lin, Sotira Yiacoumi, and Costas Tsouris. "Electrical Double-Layer Formation." In Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Third Edition, 1246–59. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-enn3-120009064.

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Lin, Shiquan, Xiangyu Chen, and Zhong Lin Wang. "Electron transfer in liquid–solid contact electrification and double-layer formation." In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-85669-0.00142-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electric double-layer formation"

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Sharma, Neeraj, Gerardo Diaz, and Edbertho Leal-Quiros. "Effects of Externally Applied Electric Field on the Electric Double Layer Formed in an Electrolyte Layer and its Contribution Towards Joule Heating." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63329.

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Joule heating of liquid films in the presence of an externally applied electric field is influenced by the formation of the electric double layer. The thickness and charge distribution inside the electric double layer determine the extent of interaction of the charge in the electric double layer with the externally applied electric field and the Joule heating of the electrolyte layer. For this reason, the effects of externally applied electric field (both parallel and along the normal to the surface) on the electric double layer are being studied in the present paper. In the absence of the externally applied electric field, the distribution of the electric potential in the double layer is given by Poisson equation. Assuming Boltzmann distribution for the ionic concentration in the double layer, one arrives at Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the electric potential distribution. The externally applied electric field changes this electric potential distribution. Hence, the contribution of the externally applied electric field is studied by including it in the Poisson-Boltzmann equation.
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Valent, Ivan. "Kinetics of the electric double layer formation modelled by the finite difference method." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2017 (ICCMSE-2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5012494.

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Yang, Qianli, S. Wu, N. Stone, and Xiaoquing Li. "Formation of the electric double layer and its effects on moving bodies in a space plasma environment." In 27th Plasma Dynamics and Lasers Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2312.

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Sarkar, Dibyo, Siddhartha Das, and Sushanta K. Mitra. "Effect of Charge Distribution at the Three Phase Contact Line for an Electrolyte Drop." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63357.

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In this paper, we obtain the velocity field in a wedge in a Three Phase Contact Line (TPCL) in an electrolyte drop which is evaporating on a charged solid. Combination of an electrolyte solution and the charged surface leads to the formation of an Electric Double Layer (EDL), which in presence of the evaporation-triggered pressure-driven transport, leads to the generation of a streaming current that causes an electrokinetic transport. Hence, we analyze for the first time an electrokinetic transport in a charged wedge in presence of an evaporation-induced advective flux. Our results exhibit flow patterns that are distinctly different as compared to that of the case where there is no such electrokinetic transport and the problem is merely that of evaporation in a wedge.
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Almutairi, Zeyad, Carolyn Ren, and Leonardo Simon. "Improving the Electrokinetic Properties of PDMS With Surface Treatments." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31241.

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PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) is widely used as a microfluidic chip material for various applications due to its desirable properties [1, 2]. However PDMS has several drawbacks that limit its utilization in a number of microfluidic applications [1–4]. Properties such as the hydrophobic nature, sample absorption, and low electrokinetic properties (low zeta potential) are some issues that must be considered before using PDMS for numerous applications [3]. In many PDMS based chips electroosmotic pumping is used for fluid flow and sample transport along the microchannel networks. Simplicity of implementation in microfluidic chips, fast response time, and the plug-like velocity profile are the major advantages of electroosmotic flow compared to other fluid pumping techniques [2]. This type of flow utilizes the formation of electric double layer (EDL) in microchannels and the movement of ions under an applied external electric field. Thus, the surface properties of the channel material and liquid properties (ionic concentration, pH, and viscosity) play major roles in electroosmotic pumping for different solutions in microchannels.
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Scholz, Mathias, and Dominik P. J. Barz. "The Influence of Electroosmotic Flow on the Von Kármán Vortex Street in the Wake of a Cylinder Located in a Microchannel." In ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2015-48330.

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The von Kármán vortex street is a flow instability that is observed in the wake of a blunt body if a certain (cylinder) Reynolds number is exceeded. It is one of the classical problems in fluid mechanics and a vast amount of research has been dedicated to the investigation of the fundamentals of this phenomenon. The present study is concerned with the numerical simulation of the flow in a microchannel having a cylinder located in its channel center. A pressure driven flow is induced in the channel described by the channel Reynolds number. The cylinder is subjected to an externally-applied electric field that causes electroosmosis in the electrical double layer which is present around the cylinder surface. In this setup, two distinctions to the classical von Kármán vortex street can be noted. On the one hand, the presence of the microchannel walls confines the flow field in lateral direction. On the other hand, the electroosmotic slip velocity impacts the flow topology in the vicinity of the cylinder and, thus, may have an impact on the formation and the periodic nature of the von Kármán vortex street. Various numerical simulations are performed to investigate the influence of the cylinder-diameter-to-channel-width ratio and the direction of the electrical field.
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Gunda, Naga Siva Kumar, Suman Chakraborty, and Sushanta Kumar Mitra. "The Study of Combined Electroosmotic and Pressure Driven Flow in Wavy Nanochannels." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39255.

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Solid surfaces of micro/nanochannels exhibit a certain degree of roughness that is incurred during fabrication and/or adsorption of macromolecules. The presence of such roughness changes the flow pattern in electroosmotic flows (EOF). The present study investigates the effect of surface waviness on combined EOF and pressure driven flow (PDF) of an electrolyte solution, in a nanochannel having charged walls. The surface profile of the top and bottom walls vary either in a varicose or in a sinuous mode. The problem is solved by using the Perturbation model, a modified linearized disturbance Navier-Stokes equations, by assuming two-dimensional combined EOF and PDF between two parallel plates as base flow. By discretizing the linearized disturbance equations using the Chebyshev collocation method in the wall normal direction and Fourier transformation in the flow direction, the perturbed velocity components are calculated. The effects of electric double layer (EDL) and amplitude of wavy surface on the flow pattern are studied. The effects of overlapped EDL are also studied as one of the limiting case. The formation of circulation regions is observed in the varicose mode channel when the EOF and PDF are flowing in the opposite direction. The decrease in the number of circulation regions is ob served for the decrease in the value of average half height of the channel to debye length ratio (κ). Serpentine or triangular type waviness in the streamline velocity is observed in sinuous mode type channel when the EOF and PDF are in opposite directions. The increase in the waviness of the streamline velocity is observed for decrease in the value of κ and increase in the amplitude a when both EOF and PDF are flowing in the same direction.
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Silveira de Araujo, Isa, and Zoya Heidari. "Quantification of Adsorption of Water on Clay Surfaces and Electrical Double Layer Properties Using Molecular Simulations." In 2022 SPWLA 63rd Annual Symposium. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2022-0005.

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Quantification of adsorption of water on the clay mineral surface at a molecular scale can provide fundamental insights on the properties of electrical double layer (EDL), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and production performance of clay-rich formations. However, there are limited fundamental studies on quantifying the impacts of reservoir temperature/pressure on water adsorption on clay surface, and on the factors controlling the properties of EDL. In this project, we use molecular simulations to (i)investigate water adsorption on clay minerals (ii)quantify the impacts of reservoir temperature onadsorption (iii) investigate the structure of the EDL onclay surface as a function of electrolyte concentrationand pore size and calculate diffusion coefficients. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations are performed to calculate water adsorption. These simulations are performed at 330K at the pressure of 5MPa. Then, an electrolyte (including NaCl) is added to the system and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are performed at temperature range of 330K to 380K. To investigate the impact of electrolyte concentration on the geochemistry of the solid-fluid interface, these simulations are performed at electrolyte concentrations ranging from of 0.7 mol/dm3, 1.4 mol/dm3 and 1.9 mol/dm3. To analyze the effects of confinement on water adsorption, MD simulations performed on 2 and 4 nm-wide illite slit pores. We applied the proposed methods on multiple types of clay minerals including illite and kaolinite. Our results show the formation of two hydration layers on the surface of illite and kaolinite. We found that the position of the adsorbed cations and anions inside the clay nanopore do not change significantly with ionic strength, and that clay geochemistry is the main factor determining the adsorption planes of ions. As temperature increases the mobility of water and ions increase, however when temperature is increased from 360 K to 380 K the increase in mobility is not significant. Results also showed that the diffusion coefficient of molecules across the surface of clay walls is smaller compared to that parallel to the surface. Besides that, we found that as confinement effect increases, spatial distribution of ions does not change, but the van der Waals interactions between clay surface and brine increases. Quantification of water adsorption and characterization of EDL in clay minerals at reservoir conditions cannot be easily assessed experimentally. The proposed method enabled quantifying water adsorption and EDL characterization in different types of clay minerals and elucidating the clay-water interface at such conditions. The outcomes of this work can potentially contribute to development of quantitative models for CEC and wettability assessment as a function of geochemistry of the rock.
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Ebrahimpour Tolouei, Nadia, Shima Ghamari, and Mohammad Shavezipur. "Investigation of the Effect of Native Oxide Layer on Performance of Interdigitated Impedance-Based Silicon Biochemical Sensors." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22207.

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Abstract Chemical and biological detection using Electrochemistry Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) highly depends on the electrical characteristics of the electrodes used in the measurement process. In this work, the effect of surface coating on behavior of interdigitated impedance-based biochemical sensors is studied. Two interdigitated sensors with the same geometry and different electrode materials are fabricated using a standard process. One electrode is made of gold and the other electrode is made of polycrystalline silicon covered with a thin layer of native silicon dioxide. Different concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in water are used and the Nyquist responses of the two sensors exposed to these solutions are obtained. The measurement results show that at high frequency both sensors form double-layer capacitance values on their electrode surfaces, however, the silicon sensor has a much lower double-layer capacitance values, because formation of oxide layer adds to the gap between charges at the interface of the electrode and the solution. Moreover, comparing the low frequency regions of the Nyquist plots for two sensors shows that the presence of oxide layer affects the Warburg effect and the charge diffusion near the surface of the electrode, creating an extra capacitive element in series with the diffusion effect. The results of this work may be extended to other interdigitated biochemical sensors that may have other sources of contamination on their surfaces.
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Radwan, Ali, Mahmoud Ahmed, and Shinichi Ookawara. "Performance of Concentrated Photovoltaic Cells Using Various Microchannel Heat Sink Designs." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59411.

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The photovoltaic output power is directly proportional to the solar radiation and inversely with the cell temperature. The higher the photovoltaic temperature is, the lower the electrical efficiency is with possible damage to the cell. To improve the electrical efficiency and to avoid the possible damage, a concentrating PV system associated with an effective cooling technique is of great importance. In the present study, a new cooling technique for concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems was introduced using various designs of micro-channel heat sinks. The suggested configurations included parallel flow, counter flow single and double layer micro-channels, and single layer flat micro-channel integrated with CPV system. A comprehensive three-dimensional thermo-fluid model for photovoltaic layers integrated with microchannel heat sink was developed. The model was simulated numerically to estimate the solar cell temperature. The numerical results were validated with the available experimental and numerical results. In the meantime, the effects of different operational parameters were investigated such as solar concentration ratio and cooling mass flow rate. Performance analysis of CPV using different microchannel configurations was implemented to determine the average and local solar cell temperature, pumping power, and temperature uniformity. Results indicated that the use of microchannel heat sink was a very effective cooling technique which highly attained temperature uniformity, viz., eliminated the hot spots formation with a significant reduction in the average temperature of CPV. The single layer parallel flow achieved the minimum solar cell temperature while the counter flow attained the most uniform temperature distribution compared with other configurations. Furthermore, the double layer parallel flow microchannel attained the minimum pumping power for a given cooling mass flow rate.
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