Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electric and gas heating

Academic literature on the topic 'Electric and gas heating'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electric and gas heating"

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Zhang, Chun Liang. "Electric Heating Power Optimization of Natural Gas Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 135-136 (October 2011): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.135-136.516.

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After the analysis of gas flow, energy consumption is mainly in the process of heating gas pipeline and natural gas throttle. For this problem, this paper, heat transfer, thermodynamics, computational fluid dynamics are used, the pipeline throttling, convection of natural gas in the pipe and the heat transfer between the gas, wall panels, heating cable, insulation, soil and the atmosphere are all considered, thermal analysis model between the wellhead and the gas gathering station is established, the electric heating power on the gas pipeline is optimized, the optimal electric heating power can be calculated when the temperature of wellhead and gas gathering station is expected to reach are known. The effect of tube diameter, gas volume, surface temperature on the heating power is analyzed.
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Ganji, A. R. "Environmental and Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Residential Gas and Heat Pump Heating." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 115, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906431.

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Energy efficiency and source air pollutant emission factors of gas heaters, gas engine heat pumps, and electric heat pumps for domestic heating have been evaluated and compared. The analysis shows that with the present state of technology, gas engine heat pumps have the highest energy efficiency followed by electric heat pumps and then gas heaters. Electric heat pumps produce more than twice as much NOx, and comparable CO2 and CO per unit of useful heating energy compared to natural gas heaters. CO production per unit of useful heating energy from gas engine heat pumps without any emission control is substantially higher than electric heat pumps and natural gas heaters. NOx production per unit of useful heating energy from natural gas engine heat pumps (using lean burn technology) without any emission control is about the same as effective NOx production from electric heat pumps. Gas engine heat pumps produce about one-half CO2 compared to electric heat pumps.
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Speake, Andrew, Paul Donohoo-Vallett, Eric Wilson, Emily Chen, and Craig Christensen. "Residential Natural Gas Demand Response Potential during Extreme Cold Events in Electricity-Gas Coupled Energy Systems." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 5192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195192.

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In regions where natural gas is used for both power generation and heating buildings, extreme cold weather events can place the electrical system under enormous stress and challenge the ability to meet residential heating and electric demands. Residential demand response has long been used in the power sector to curtail summer electric load, but these types of programs in general have not seen adoption in the natural gas sector during winter months. Natural gas demand response (NG-DR) has garnered interest given recent extreme cold weather events in the United States; however, the magnitude of savings and potential impacts—to occupants and energy markets—are not well understood. We present a case-study analysis of the technical potential for residential natural gas demand response in the northeast United States that utilizes diverse whole-building energy simulations and high-performance computing. Our results show that NG-DR applied to residential heating systems during extreme cold-weather conditions could reduce natural gas demand by 1–29% based on conservative and aggressive strategies, respectively. This indicates a potential to improve the resilience of gas and electric systems during stressful events, which we examine by estimating the impact on energy costs and electricity generation from natural gas. We also explore relationships between hourly indoor temperatures, demand response, and building envelope efficiency.
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Shuai, Cijun, Chengde Gao, Yi Nie, and Shuping Peng. "Performance improvement of optical fiber coupler with electric heating versus gas heating." Applied Optics 49, no. 24 (August 11, 2010): 4514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.49.004514.

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Liu, Hui, Zhihao Zhang, and Shuang Wu. "Theoretical and experimental analysis of thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191223131l.

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In order to solve the problem that the auxiliary equipment of electric gas turbine can operate only by relying on external power, and realize the purpose that auxiliary equipment of electric gas turbine can operate independently without the external power grid, in this research, a management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator is proposed. Firstly, the process of the thermal energy management system of the air source self-powered electric gas generator is introduced, and the thermodynamic theory of the thermal energy management system of the air source self-powered electric gas generator is analyzed. Then, the experimental conditions of air source self-powered electric gas generator are introduced. Finally, the results of variable speed and terminal variable flow in heating condition and terminal variable flow in cooling condition of the thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator are analyzed. The results show that whether the thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator studied in this research is in heating or cooling conditions, both the output power of the engine and the power of the compressor increase with the increase of the rotating speed. It can be concluded from the variable flow results in heating conditions that the smaller the end flow is, the smaller the output power of the engine will be. In this way, the loss of heat transfer efficiency of the plate can be reduced as much as possible, and the users? demand for heat can be met.
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Zhu, Li Qiang, Qin Li Xue, and Shi Hong Zhang. "Study on Earthenware and Exhaust Gas Made by Low-Carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace of Natural Gas." Advanced Materials Research 894 (February 2014): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.284.

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In the paper, based on the results of lean gas furnace temperature field, the study was carried out on heating earthenware. Compared with earthenware which heated with electric furnace, earthenware heated with Low-carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace was having apparent advantages. The content of the pollutants in exhaust gas was detected during heating in the same time. It would be the conclusion that a trace of pollutants was produced in the highly clean combustion furnace production process, from analyzing and comparing the data under the condition of heating with earthenware and heating without earthenware in the catalytic combustion furnace.
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Lee, Wongeun, Taesub Lim, and Daeung Danny Kim. "Thermal and Energy Performance Assessment of the Prefab Electric Ondol System for Floor Heating in a Residential Building." Energies 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 5723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215723.

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In South Korea, radiant floor heating has been used from old housing to the recently constructed residential buildings, which is called “Ondol”. The Ondol system is generally a water-based system and it uses hot water as a heat medium provided by boilers fueled by natural gas. With great effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, electric Ondol panels have been increasingly applied to the recent residential buildings for floor heating. While the prefab electric Ondol panels were developed with the demand for dry construction method, the information about the prefab electric Ondol system is not sufficient. For the present study, the thermal performance of the prefab electric Ondol panels was investigated through field measurement. In addition, the heating energy and economic performance of the electric panel were compared with the conventional Ondol system. As a result, a significant surface temperature difference was observed. Moreover, the heating cost for the prefab electric Ondol system was more expensive than the conventional system, even though a heat loss was observed by the operation of the conventional system.
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William, D. Kerr, M. Laverty David, and J. Best Robert. "Electrical Heating Emissions on the Island of Ireland." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186407001.

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This paper shows the effect on household greenhouse gas emissions if standalone or supplementary electric heating was to replace conventional heating methods, based on the present day electrical grid. While having the capability to improve future grid effectiveness and dynamic stability through the potential incorporation of demand side management (DSM). The All-Ireland system has been used in this paper as an example of a network which has been experiencing a significant increase in renewable generation. To show the potential of the electric heating methods the characteristics of existing domestic heating systems will be discussed, in terms of their heat output against their exhaust emissions (gCO2e/kWh). This will then be compared to that of the grid CO2 Intensity, showing the frequency and duration of the possible emission savings involved when using electricity as a main or supplementary heating source.
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Kou, Guang Xiao, Ling Ling Cai, Yong Jun Ye, Rong Rong Lu, and Pei Na Shang. "Case Analysis of the Solar Heating System Assisted by Condensing Wall-Mounted Gas Heater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.7.

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Taking household heating for an example, this paper has introduced the composition and characteristics of combined heating system with condensing wall-mounted boiler and solar water heater; and through the simple contrastive analysis of the economy and environmental protection with the solar heating system assisted by electric heating and wall-mounted gas heater, it is believed that the heating system combined with condensing gas heater and solar heating is the better choice of household heating considering its energy saving, economy and environmental protection.
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Chen, Ze, Gao Li, Xu Yang, and Yi Zhang. "Experimental Study on Tight Sandstone Reservoir Gas Permeability Improvement Using Electric Heating." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 16, 2022): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041438.

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Although tight sandstone gas formations are abundant in China, their single-well productivities and exploitation efficiencies are restricted by water blocking from drilling and completion. At present, shut-in, chemical additive application, and hydraulic fracturing are the common approaches applied to handle this problem. However, these approaches are also characterized by low efficiencies or even cause secondary damage. In this study, the impact of high temperatures (of up to 800 °C) on the microstructure of a tight sandstone, including water blocking and gas permeability, are investigated through the electric heating of a simulated wellbore. The results show that the threshold temperature for fracturing of the tight sandstone is approximately 450 to 600 °C. Many secondary microcracks emerged near the wellbore beyond this temperature, improving the gas permeability, with some microcracks visible even after cooling. The gas permeability of the formation after heating to 800 °C increased by 456% and 3992% compared with the initial gas permeability and the water-blocking impacted gas permeability, respectively. This study demonstrates that electric heating is a potential method for improving the permeability of tight gas formations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electric and gas heating"

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Míková, Šárka. "Vytápění bytového komplexu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227537.

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This diploma thesis focuses on the design of heating and hot water reservoir in an apartment complex. For three variants of heat sources (gas condensing boiler, heat pump and electric boiler) is evaluated their economic profitability for heating and hot water heating. For the best selected heat sources is drawn up the technical solution of heating in the apartment complex.
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Ladomérská, Jana. "Vytápění objektu zdroji na různé druhy paliv." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227584.

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In my final thesis I am processing a proposal for heating and preparing hot water for a restaurant with accommodation. This is a three-storey brick house. It is situated on the territory of the Ústí region. The aim of my work is to propose and to assess the appropriate heat source for this object. In the object I chose heating radiators. The proposal is processed in two variants. In the first variant, I suggest a cascade of condensing boilers using as a source of heat. In the second variant, I suggest a cascade of electrical boilers. Hot water will be prepared in reservoir of warm water. The source of hot water will be the same as the source for heating.
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Barufi, Clara Bonomi. "Identificação de barreiras para a ampliação do uso de gases combustíveis para aquecimento de água no setor residencial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-29102008-124300/.

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Este trabalho é motivado pela constatação de que a instalação de sistemas de aquecimento de água a gases combustíveis nos apartamentos novos pode ter custos inferiores à instalação de sistemas elétricos e pelas perspectivas de aumento da oferta de gás natural no país. Considerando isso e a perspectiva de aumento no consumo de eletricidade, a pesquisa procura identificar barreiras para expansão do uso dos sistemas a gás, sugerindo formas para que sejam superadas. Considerando que as decisões tomadas durante a construção definem em grande medida os usos da energia nos imóveis, o trabalho se baseia numa pesquisa de campo desenvolvida por meio de entrevistas com agentes da construção civil. Inclui ainda uma contextualização sobre o uso da energia no setor residencial. Essa contextualização mostra a evolução do mercado brasileiro de gases combustíveis, a baixa participação histórica desses energéticos no aquecimento de água e as perspectivas de crescimento da oferta de gás natural no país. Também descreve o uso de água quente para banho, abordando os principais sistemas de aquecimento disponíveis no mercado paulistano. Perspectivas relativas ao aumento do consumo de eletricidade e de desenvolvimento do mercado imobiliário completam essa contextualização. A pesquisa mostra que já há ampla disseminação do uso de sistemas de aquecimento de água a gás na cidade de São Paulo. Esse desenvolvimento deveu-se a fatores como a obrigatoriedade da introdução de tais sistemas em alguns tipos de construção a partir de meados dos anos 1980, as exigências de conforto dos consumidores de classe média e classe alta e ao racionamento de eletricidade de 2001. Por outro lado, verifica-se que o chuveiro elétrico continua sendo usado nas construções voltadas para a classe baixa. Como esse é o segmento com maior demanda por novas residências, identifica-se um espaço importante para substituição de eletrotermia e aumento do uso dos gases combustíveis para aquecimento de água.
This research is motivated by the verification that the installation of gas based water-heating systems in new apartments may be cheaper than the use of electric systems. It is also motivated by the perspectives of a growing supply of natural gas in the country. Considering these points and the perspective of general growing use of electricity, this research identifies barriers to expand the use of gas based systems, suggesting ways to overcome those barriers. Considering that the energy uses in an apartment are largely affected by decisions taken during the construction of the building, the study is based on a field research developed through interviews with construction agents. It also includes a definition on the residential energy use, which details the gas (natural gas and LPG) market evolution, the historically reduced use of these fuels in water-heating systems, and the perspectives of rising supply of natural gas in Brazil. It also describes the use of hot water to hygiene, considering the main systems available in São Paulo. This context is completed by the perspectives related to the increase of electricity demand and the current real estate market development. The research concludes that gas based water-heating systems are already extensively used in São Paulo. This development is related to the mandatory use of those systems in some apartment configurations, the users demand for comfort, and the 2001 electric power shortage. On the other hand, it shows that electric showers are still largely used in building of poorer families. Since this segment has the largest demand for new houses in the country, there is space to substitute energy consumed for thermal purposes with the direct use of gas.
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Jurka, Vít. "Návrh vytápění z pohledu primární energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226837.

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This master´s thesis proposal addresses the heating from the perspective of primary energy in the object. The building is located in Brno and is used as a villa with a pool hall. The object of this work is the selection of appropriate variants of three heat sources (gas boiler, pellet and electric) in terms of primary energy. The project is design of the heating system chosen mode of heat, which is a pellet boiler. The theoretical part is focused on the pellets and their history, classification, properties, production, storage and transport.
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Novik, Frode Karstein. "Power system for electric heating of pipelines." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8936.

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Direct electrical heating (DEH) of pipelines is a flow assurance method that has proven to be a good and reliable solution for preventing the formation of hydrates and wax in multiphase flow lines. The technology is installed on several pipelines in the North Sea and has become StatoilHydros preferred method for flow assurance. Tyrihans is the newest installation with 10 MW DEH for a 43 km pipline. However, the pipeline represents a considerable single-phase load which makes the power system dependent on a balancing unit for providing symmetrical conditions. This limits the step out distance and is not suitable for subsea installation. Aker Solutions has proposed several specially connected transformers for subsea power supply of DEH systems, Scott-T being one of them. The Scott-T transformer is a three-to-two-phase transformer which provides balanced electrical power between the two systems when the two secondary one-phase loads are equal. By implementing this transformer, it can be possible to install the power supply subsea as there is no need for a balancing unit. In addition, the system may be applicable for long step out distances. This is because the pipeline is inductive and can use the reactive power produced by the long cable which also can increase the critical cable length. There are however some limitations on this system using the Scott-T transformer. There is a large variation in the magnetic permeability between individual joints of the pipeline. This can result in different load impedance of the two pipe sections connected to the Scott-T transformer. The result is unbalance in the power system. The method of symmetrical components is applied to investigate the behavior during unbalanced loading of the Scott-transformer. The relationship between the negative- and the positive sequence component of the current is used to express the degree of unsymmetry. For the simulations in SIMPOW, the Scott-T transformer is modelled by the use of Dynamic Simulation Language. The simulations on the DSL model give correct and reliable results for analysing the the degree of unsymmetry in the Scott-T transformer. When the load impedance of one pipe section is varied, simulation proves that it can change between 0.75 and 1.34 per unit of the other pipe impedance. The Scott-T transformer does still provide electrical power between the two systems which is below the limit for the degree of unsymmetry (15%). Case 1 and Case 2 introduce two possible configurations for a subsea DEH system with the Scott-T transformer implemented. The configurations include an onshore power supply which is connected to a subsea power system for direct electrical heating and a subsea load at the far end of the subsea cable. The pipeline in Case 1 is 100 km long and is divided into two pipe sections of 50 km which are connected to a Scott-T transformer. The pipeline in Case 2 is 200 km long and is divided into four pipe sections of 50 km each. There are two Scott-T transformers in Case 2. For normal operation of the subsea load (50 MW, cosfi=0.9) and heating the pipe content from the ambient sea emperature, the results indicate that tap changers are necessary to keep the Scott-T transformers secondary terminal voltage at 25 kV. This meets the requirement in both cases for heating the pipe content from 4 to 25 degrees celsius within 48 hours after a shutdown of the process. The degree of unsymmetry is zero for both cases when the system is operated as normal. However, all system simulations indicate that reactive power compensation has to be included for Case 1 as well as for Case 2 in order to have a power factor of unity at the onshore grid connection. The fault scenarios indicate that the degree of unsymmetry is dependent on both the type of fault and the power supply in the system. For Case 1, the relationship (I-/I+) is only of 3.3% in the subsea cable when there is a short-circuit at DEHBUS3, but as much as 87% at the grid connection. The degree of unsymmetry in the Scott-T transformer is then 67%. This is far beyond the limit for maximum negative sequence component of 15%. The significant unsymmetry in the line between the grid and BUS1 is most likely due to the large power delivered to the fault. During the fault, the reactive power delivered to the system increases from 10.6 Mvar to 131.9 Mvar after the fault, but the active power increases only from 75.2 MW to 87.1 MW. This means that it is most likely the reactive power that contributes to the consequent unsymmetry and negative sequence component of the current. There are two Scott-T transformers installed in Case 2. If the DEH system is only heating the pipe section closest to shore (at DEHBUS33), simulations show that the three-phase power system becomes unsymmetric which results in different phase currents. The degree of unsymmetry at the grid connection is 32% when only the pipe section at DEHBUS33 is heated. In addition, the unbalance in the three-phase system caused by SCOTT1 involves unbalance in the SCOTT2 transformer as well. The load voltages are not equal in magnitude and dephased of 90 degrees for this mode, but are 32 kV and 35 kV respectively and dephased of 88 degrees. This concludes a very important behavior of the Scott-T transformer. The simulations conclude that the Scott-T transformer provides symmetrical conditions for both configurations when the two load impedances are equal. However, Case 2 shows an important result when installing two Scott-T transformers in the same system. Unbalanced loading of one of the specially connected transformers gives unsymmetrical conditions in the three-phase system which results in unbalanced load voltages for the other Scott-T transformer. The analysis is limited to the configurations given for Case 1 and Case 2, but shows typical results when an alternative transformer connection is implemented in a DEH system.

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Madhavi, S. "Carrier Mobility And High Field Transport in Modulation Doped p-Type Ge/Si1-xGex And n-Type Si/Si1-xGex Heterostructures." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/294.

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Modulation doped heterostructures have revolutionized the operation of field effect devices by increasing the speed of operation. One of the factors that affects the speed of operation of these devices is the mobility of the carriers, which is intrinsic to the material used. Mobility of electrons in silicon based devices has improved drastically over the years, reaching as high as 50.000cm2/Vs at 4.2K and 2600cm2/Vs at room temperature. However, the mobility of holes in p-type silicon devices still remains comparatively lesser than the electron mobility because of large effective masses and complicated valence band structure involved. Germanium is known to have the largest hole mobility of all the known semiconductors and is considered most suitable to fabricate high speed p-type devices. Moreover, it is also possible to integrate germanium and its alloy (Si1_zGex ) into the existing silicon technology. With the use of sophisticated growth techniques it has been possible to grow epitaxial layers of silicon and germanium on Si1_zGex alloy layers grown on silicon substrates. In tills thesis we investigate in detail the electrical properties of p-type germanium and n-type silicon thin films grown by these techniques. It is important to do a comparative study of transport in these two systems not only to understand the physics involved but also to study their compatibility in complementary field effect devices (cMODFET). The studies reported in this thesis lay emphasis both on the low and high field transport properties of these systems. We report experimental data for the maximum room temperature mobility of holes achieved m germanium thin films grown on Si1_zGex layers that is comparable to the mobility of electrons in silicon films. We also report experiments performed to study the high field degradation of carrier mobility due to "carrier heating" in these systems. We also report studies on the effect of lattice heating on mobility of carriers as a function of applied electric field. To understand the physics behind the observed phenomenon, we model our data based on the existing theories for low and high field transport. We report complete numerical calculations based on these theories to explain the observed qualitative difference in the transport properties of p-type germanium and ii-type silicon systems. The consistency between the experimental data and theoretical modeling reported in this work is very satisfactory.
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Saraiva, José Carlos. "Custo das opções para o aquecimento de água na habitação de interesse social em São Paulo - CDHU." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-19072012-110713/.

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A dissertação utiliza a pesquisa como método experimental e investigativo para identificar os fatores condicionantes para a definição da infraestrutura de aquecimento de água para banho (gás, elétrico e solar térmico) nas edificações residenciais de interesse popular, construídas no município de São Paulo. A partir das informações de três projetos e do dimensionamento da infraestrutura de cada opção, determinam-se seus custos para um projeto típico, exclusivamente para o aquecimento de água para banho. Também são determinados os custos de aquisição, instalação, infraestrutura e operação de cada configuração. O método Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) é utilizado para comparar financeiramente diversas alternativas. Os resultados permitem avaliar o interesse na realização de infraestruturas combinadas de forma a possibilitar a qualquer momento a utilização de aparelhos instantâneos, elétrico ou a gás, com ou sem o apoio solar térmico. Essa infraestrutura combinada permite a liberdade de escolha ao usuário, de forma individual e a qualquer momento, do aquecimento de água para banho, tendo em vista o seu custo benefício, eventualmente associadas às oportunidades oferecidas pelas distribuidoras de energias e/ou pelos fabricantes de aparelhos e/ou políticas públicas. Os resultados alcançados apresentam importantes dados para subsidiar discussões e análises comparativas, estabelecendo os caminhos para orientar a escolha da infraestrutura.
The paper uses research as investigative and experimental method to identify the factors responsible for the definition of infrastructure for bathing water heating (gas, electric and solar thermal) in residential buildings of popular interest, built in São Paulo. Based on the information from three projects and the sizing of the infrastructure of each of them, the costs for a typical project exclusively for bathing water heating, are determined. Besides that, are also determined, the costs of acquisition, installation, infrastructure and operation of each configuration. The method - Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is used to compare the various financial alternatives. The results allow to evaluate the interest in carrying out infrastructures combined to enable anytime instant use of appliance, electric or gas, with or without the solar thermal support. This combined infrastructure allows the user free choice, individually and at any time, for heating water for bathing, in view of its cost benefit, possibly combined with the opportunities offered by energy distributors and / or the device manufacturers and / or public policy. The results present relevant data to support comparative discussion and analysis, setting ways to guide the choice of infrastructure.
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Holth, Erik. "Model Predictive Control of mixed solar and electric heating." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9106.

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In this report we will model a heat system consisting of a heat storage tank and an application. The heat storage tank is supplied by a heating element and heated water from a solar collector. The main objective of the heat system is to mainatian a reference temperature in the application (a house). Weather forecasts will be used as weather data affecting the heat system. We will assume that the weather forecasts and the actual weather will be the same. The heat sytem will consist of simplified nonlinear differential equations and be controlled by a model predictive controller (mpc). The mpc controller will use a linearized model of the nonlinear process. The average predicted outside temperature from the weather forecasts will be used as nominal value for the same temperature in the linearized model in the mpc controller. The mpc controller will measure some disturbances to make more efficient control. The most imortant disturbance will be the temperature of the water coming out of the solar collector, that will flow into the heat storage. By measuring this temperature, the mpc controller can apply it to its predictor and make sure that the power of the heating element in the heat storage is reduced when solar collector heated water is available. This is to make sure that the heat storage has enough capacity to receive the heated water from the solar collector, while still maintaining a reasonable temperature in the heat storage. Simulation with different weighting of the inputs in the mpc controller will show that heating element power consumption is influenced by these weights.

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Hinchliffe, Stephen. "Solid-state high-frequency electric process heating power supplies." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1989. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32518.

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A detailed critical review has been made of both solid state power devices and circuit topologies with emphasis on their application to high frequency electric process heating power supplies operating between 3and 30 MHz. A number of prototype units have been designed and constructed and their suitability for high frequency induction heating and dielectric heating applications investigated. Desirable qualities being robustness, tolerance to load mismatch, ease of design, simplicity and cost of constituent components as compared with present day valve equipment The experience gained in these investigations has resulted in the choice of the power MOSFET as the most appropriate device and Class E amplifier as being the most applicable circuit topology for the generation of RF power for high frequency electric process heating applications. A practical and theoretical study has been made of the limitations of the power MOSFET as a high frequency switching device. The effect of source feedback on the switching speed of T03 packaged devices has been investigated by the addition of a second source terminal in a specially modified T03 package. Novel drive circuits have been developed enabling high frequency switching of both power and RF MOSFETs. These have been employed in inverters operating at 3.3 MHz at power levels up to 600 W and at frequencies between 7 and 27 MHz at power levels over 100 W, with conversion efficiencies of up to 95%.
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Soderlund, Matthew Roger. "Congeneration dedicated to heating and cooling." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17672.

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Books on the topic "Electric and gas heating"

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Natural gas service outages in New Mexico: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, to receive testimony regarding recent natural gas service disruptions in New Mexico and the reliability of regional energy infrastructure, Albuquerque, NM, February 21, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.

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Administration, Bonneville Power. Fuel choice effects of the manufactured housing acquisition program: A preliminary assessment. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1994.

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New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Standing Committee on Energy. Public hearing, gasoline and home energy prices: To investigate the dramatic increase in the price of gasoline, home heating oil and natural gas and explore solutions to alleviate this crisis. New York?]: EN-DE Reporting Services, 2005.

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Cogeneration & Independent Power Congress (5th 1990 Boston, Mass.). Proceedings: June 6-7, 1990, Boston, MA. [Atlanta]: Association of Energy Engineers, 1990.

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Shevchenko, L. I. Dogovornye otnoshenii︠a︡ v sfere ėnergetiki: Monografii︠a︡. Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo "MGIMO-Universitet", 2015.

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O'Brien, Thomas &. Co. Gas fittings, gas heating & cooking stoves. [Brecksville, Ohio]: Rushlight CLub, 1995.

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Canada. Conservation and Renewable Energy Branch. Heating with natural gas. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Supply and Services Canada = Ministre des approvisionnements et services Canada, 1986.

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Harper, Gilberto Enríquez. Manual de instalaciones electromecánicas en casas y edificios: Hidráulicas, sanitarias, aire acondicionado, gas, eléctricas y alumbrado. México, D.F: Limusa, 2000.

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Barber, H. Electric heating elements: (sheathed). London: Electricity Council, 1986.

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Barber, H. Electric heating elements: (unsheathed). London: Electricity Council, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electric and gas heating"

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Lyu, Guohui, Jinling Zhang, Chaozheng Wang, Keda Wang, Yan Zhang, and Xu Jiang. "Fiber Bragg Grating Thermal Gas Flow Sensor by 980 nm Laser Heating." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 27–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8595-7_3.

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Zhao, Hua, Pengfei Dai, Shanshan Cao, and Qing Hao. "Waste Heat Recovery System Using Coal-Fired Boiler Flue Gas to Heat Heating Network Return Water." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 567–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39581-9_56.

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Gustafson, Robert J., and and Mark T. Morgan. "ELECTRIC HEATING." In Fundamentals of Electricity for Agriculture, 3rd Edition, 343–49. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.17772.

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Jufer, Marcel. "Heating and Thermal Limits." In Electric Drives, 119–36. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118622735.ch7.

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Maciel, Walter J. "Interstellar Gas Heating." In Astrophysics of the Interstellar Medium, 123–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3767-3_7.

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Raizer, Yuri P., and John E. Allen. "Electric Probes." In Gas Discharge Physics, 103–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61247-3_6.

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Brill, B., and M. Heiblum. "Electron Heating in GaAs due to Electron — Electron Interactions." In Quantum Transport in Ultrasmall Devices, 441–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1967-6_22.

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Wei, Wei, and Jianhui Wang. "Integrated Gas-Electric System." In Modeling and Optimization of Interdependent Energy Infrastructures, 163–243. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25958-7_3.

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Haines, Roger W., and Douglas C. Hittle. "Electric Control Systems." In Control Systems for Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning, 200–220. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3108-1_8.

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Haines, Roger W. "Electric Control Systems." In Control Systems for Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning, 193–214. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6593-8_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electric and gas heating"

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SAMESHIMA, TOSHIYUKI, T. Kikuchi, T. Uehara, T. Arima, M. Hasumi, T. Miyazaki, G. Kobayashi, and I. Serizawa3. "MICROWAVE RAPID HEATING SYSTEM USING CARBON HEATING TUBE." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9756.

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We report a microwave heating system with a carbon heating tube (CHT) made by a 4-mm diameter quartz tube filled carbon particles and Ar gas at 1400 Pa. 2.45-GHz microwave at 200 W was introduced to a 300-dimameter metal cavity, in which 60-mm-long CHT was set at the central position. The numerical simulation with a finite element moment method resulted in the standing wave of the electric field caused by three dimensional Fresnel interference effect with low high electric field intensity ranging from from 1 to 6 kV/m because of effective absorption of microwave power by the CHT. The lowest average electrical field intensity of 5 kV/m in the cavity space was given by the electrical conductivity of carbon ranging from 10 to 55 S/m. The CHT with 55 S/m heated to 1200oC by microwave irradiation at 200 W. This heating method was applied to activate 1.0x1015-cm-2 boron and phosphorus implanted regions in n-type crystalline silicon substrate to fabricate pn junction and solar cells. The CHT heating at 1200oC realized decrease in the sheet resistivity to 146 Ω/sq, decrease in the density of defect states to 1.3x1011 and 9.2x1010 cm-2 for boron (p+) and phosphorus (n+) implanted surfaces, and solar cell characteristic with a conversion efficiency of 15% under illumination of air mass 1.5 at 0.1 W/cm2.
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Pop, Eric. "Electron-Phonon Interaction and Joule Heating in Nanostructures." In ASME 2008 3rd Energy Nanotechnology International Conference collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/enic2008-53050.

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The electron-phonon energy dissipation bottleneck is examined in silicon and carbon nanoscale devices. Monte Carlo simulations of Joule heating are used to investigate the spectrum of phonon emission in bulk and strained silicon. The generated phonon distributions are highly non-uniform in energy and momentum, although they can be approximately grouped into one third acoustic (AC) and two thirds optical phonons (OP) at high electric fields. The phonon dissipation is markedly different in strained silicon at low electric fields, where certain relaxation mechanisms are blocked by scattering selection rules. In very short (∼10 nm) silicon devices, electron and phonon transport is quasi-ballistic, and the heat generation domain is much displaced from the active device region, into the contact electrodes. The electron-phonon bottleneck is more severe in carbon nanotubes, where the optical phonon energy is three times higher than in silicon, and the electron-OP interaction is entirely dominant at high fields. Thus, persistent hot optical phonons are easily generated under Joule heating in single-walled carbon nanotubes suspended between two electrodes, in vacuum. This leads to negative differential conductance at high bias, light emission, and eventual breakdown. Conversely, optical and electrical measurements on such nanotubes can be used to gauge their thermal properties. The hot optical phonon effects appear less pronounced in suspended nanotubes immersed in an ambient gas, suggesting that phonons find relaxation pathways with the vibrational modes of the ambient gas molecules. Finally, hot optical phonons are least pronounced for carbon nanotube devices lying on dielectrics, where the OP modes can couple into the vibrational modes of the substrate. Such measurements and modeling suggest very interesting, non-equilibrium coupling between electrons and phonons in solid-state devices at nanometer length and picoseconds time scales.
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Qiu, K. "Electric Power Generation Using Low Bandgap TPV Cells in a Gas-fired Heating Furnace." In THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY: Fifth Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1539363.

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Beebe, K. W., Li Jian-Ye, Yang Dao-Gang, and Zhou Tian-Yu. "Design and Development Test of a Gas Turbine Combustor for Air-Blown Lurgi Coal Gas Fuel." In ASME 1985 Beijing International Gas Turbine Symposium and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-igt-128.

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A heavy-duty industrial gas turbine combustion system has been designed and laboratory tested for use with low heating value coal gas produced by an air-blown Lurgi coal gasifier. The design fuel has a nominal lower heating value of 4.21 MJ/ncm (107 Btu/scf). The combustor design utilizes high-swirl fuel and air injection to provide rapid fuel/air mixing and a stable flame front, and is physically interchangeable with the conventional fuel combustion system for the General Electric model MS5001 gas turbine. Full-pressure, full-scale tests of the new combustion system have been conducted at the General Electric Gas Turbine Development Laboratory in Schenectady, New York, USA, for the Shanghai Power Plant Equipment Research Institute (SPPERI) of the Peoples Republic of China. Simulated clean low heating value coal gas fuel with a composition specified by SPPERI was used for these tests. Laboratory test results are presented for important combustor operating parameters, including exhaust emissions, combustion efficiency, exhaust temperature profile, dynamic pressure, and metal temperature distribution.
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Nayak, Sandeep, and Reinhard Radermacher. "Thermoeconomic Simulation of 27 MW Campus Cooling Heating Power (CHP) Plant." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60804.

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This paper describes the modeling of a 27 MW combined cycle cogeneration plant with 10,000 tons of cooling made available as chilled water at the central cooling facility that was designed and is currently operated to provide heating, cooling and electricity to the University of Maryland campus. The topping cycle of the combined cycle cogeneration plant consists of two gas turbines each producing 11 MW of electric power at full load. The energy of the exhaust gases from these gas turbines is then utilized to generate steam in two heat recovery steam generators. The heat recovery steam generators have supplemental duct firing using natural gas to meet the peak steam load. In the bottoming part of the combined cycle, the steam from the heat recovery steam generators is expanded in a backpressure steam turbine to supply steam to the campus at about 963 kPa, generating an additional 5.5 MW of electric power in this process. There is no condenser wherein the campus acts as a sink for the steam. The central cooling facility is designed to supply 10,000 tons of cooling as chilled water out of which 3800 tons is supplied by two steam driven centrifugal chillers, which utilize a part of the steam supplied to the campus and the remaining by the centrifugal electric chillers. The combined cycle cogeneration plant along with the central chilled water-cooling facility is modeled using a commercially available flexible cogeneration software package. The model is built based on the design data available from design manuals of gas turbines, heat recovery steam generators, backpressure steam turbine and centrifugal chillers. Two energy or cost savings opportunities were evaluated using the cogeneration software model. The first is adding inlet air-cooling using either an absorption or electric chiller to increase electrical power output during hot weather. This assessment included estimating kWh savings over a range of ambient temperatures. The second opportunity is using economizers to provide free cooling and reduce the usage of the electric and steam driven chillers. Detailed results of the thermal energy savings as well as the electrical and natural gas cost savings by employing these technologies are discussed in this paper.
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Serbetci, Walter I. "Optimization Concerns for Combined Cycle Power Plants: II — Optimum Fuel Gas Heating." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40096.

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As the second study in a sequence of studies conducted on the optimization of combined cycle plants [Ref. 1], this paper presents the effects of fuel gas heating on plant performance and plant economics for various 1×1×1 configurations. First, the theoretical background is presented to explain the effects of fuel gas heating on combustion turbine efficiency and on the overall efficiency of the combined cycle plant. Then, *CycleDeck-Performance Estimator™ and *GateCycle™ computer codes were used to investigate the impact of fuel gas heating on various 1×1×1 configurations. The configurations studied here are: 1) GE CC107FA with three pressure/reheat HRSG and General Electric PG7241(FA) gas turbine (Fig. 1), 2) GE CC106FA with three pressure/reheat HRSG and General Electric PG6101(FA) gas turbine and, 3) GE CC 107EA with three pressure/non-reheat HRSG with General Electric PG7121(EA) gas turbine. In all calculations, natural gas with high methane percentage is used as a typical fuel gas. Hot water from the outlet of IP economizer is used to heat the fuel gas from its supply temperature of 80 °F (27 °C). Heating the fuel gas to target temperatures of 150 °F, 200 °F, 250° F, 300 °F, 350 °F, 375 °F, 400 °F and 425 °F ( 66, 93, 121, 149, 177, 191, 204 and 218 °C), the combustion turbine power output, the combustion turbine heat rate and the plant power output and the corresponding heat rate are determined for each target fuel temperature. For each configuration, the heat transfer surface required to heat the fuel gas to the given target temperatures are also determined and budgetary price quotes are obtained for the fuel gas heaters. As expected, as the fuel temperature is increased, the overall efficiency (therefore the heat rate) improved, however at the expense of some small power output loss. Factoring in the fuel cost savings, the opportunity cost of the power lost, the cost of the various size performance heaters and the incremental auxiliary power consumption (if any), a cost-benefit analysis is carried out and the economically optimum fuel temperature and the corresponding performance heater size are determined for each 1×1×1 configuration.
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Groll, Rodion, and Juan E. Gomez. "Investigating and Modeling the Correlation of Pressurization and Electron Acceleration Inside a Micro Arc-Jet Thruster." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2014-21214.

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Fuel mass is one of the main economical and technical restrictions while designing space propulsion systems. Given the high costs related to the transport of mass into space, the necessary fuel mass for accomplishment of the mission should be minimized. For an optimum thrust/fuel consumption ratio the gas exit velocity must be maximized. In this research this is achieved through the heating of the micro gas flow by an electrical arc inside the sub-sonic region of the propulsion system. The electrical arc induces a partial ionization of the propellant gas. Because of the very low mass flow the gap of the plasma channel has a width of just a few hundred microns. The electrical arc consists of electrons being accelerated through this small gap by the charged walls of the microchannel. The electrons move in a cross flow compared to the propellant gas. In order to study this approach an experimental rig is built up inside a vacuum chamber. The relation between electrical power and mechanical pressurization is investigated experimentally. The won data are compared with computational results of the electrodynamic behavior inside the micro gap. The computational model consists of the coupling of the micro gas flow in the trans-sonic thruster application (e.g. [1]) with the heating mechanism of the electron motion including the partial ionization of the subsonic flow of the electric propulsion system. The computational results are validated with the experimental data. Through this investigation a very efficient form of electrodynamic heating-modeling is developed. The very good results show the quality of the present method and encourage further utilization and development. For this reason this model will be used for the optimization and the computational engineering pre-development of future thermo-electric propulsion systems.
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Moiseenko, V. E., A. A. Ivanov, A. V. Anikeev, and P. A. Bagryansky. "Antenna for electron component heating in the gas-dynamic trap." In The twelfth topical conference on radio frequency power in plasmas. AIP, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.53370.

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Battista, Robert A., Alan S. Feitelberg, and Michael A. Lacey. "Design and Performance of Low Heating Value Fuel Gas Turbine Combustors." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-531.

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General Electric Company is developing and testing low heating value fuel gas turbine combustors for use in integrated gasification combined cycle power generation systems. This paper presents the results of a series of combustion tests conducted at the pilot scale coal gasification and high temperature desulfurization system located at GE Corporate Research and Development in Schenectady, New York. Tests were performed in a modified GE MS6000 combustor liner operating at a pressure of 10 bar and over a wide load range (combustor exit temperatures from 760 to 1400°C). The primary objective of these tests was to compare and contrast the performance (emissions, flame stability, and combustor liner temperatures) of six different low heating value fuel nozzle designs, representing three distinct nozzle concepts. With 2200 to 4600 ppmv NH3 in the fuel, the conversion of fuel NH3 to NOx was roughly independent of fuel nozzle type, and ranged from about 70% at low combustor exit temperatures to about 20% at high combustor exit temperatures. For all of the fuel nozzles, CO emissions were typically less than 5 ppmv (on a dry, 15% O2 basis) at combustor exit temperatures greater than 980°C. Significant differences in CO emissions were observed at lower combustor exit temperatures. Some differences in liner temperatures and flame stability were also observed with the different nozzles. In general, nozzles which produced lower CO emissions and greater flame stability had higher fuel swirl angles and resulted in higher combustor liner temperatures. The nozzle with the best overall performance (consisting of concentric axial air and fuel swirlers and an air cooled mixing cup) has been selected for use at a commercial site.
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Campanari, Stefano, and Ennio Macchi. "The Combination of SOFC and Microturbine for Civil and Industrial Cogeneration." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-084.

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Recent studies have shown the possibility of obtaining extremely high electric efficiencies in distributed electric power generation with small capacity advanced plants based upon the combined technologies of solid oxide fuel cells and microturbines. This paper investigates the potential energy savings achievable by the application of this novel technology to cogeneration. Due to the high electrical efficiency of these systems (approaching 65% LHV), their heat/electricity ratio is unusually low. The addition of a heat pump can dramatically increase the heat/electricity ratio as well as add flexibility to the system. The application of these systems to distributed electricity generation connected to residential heating is discussed. Detailed results are presented, in terms of annual energy balances; they indicate high primary energy savings and reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide.
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Reports on the topic "Electric and gas heating"

1

Webb, David, and Joshua Kneifel. Gas vs Electric: Sustainability Performance of Heating Fuel Options in the NIST NZERTF. National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2120.

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Ganji, A. Comparative evaluation of the impacts of domestic gas and electric heat pump heating on air pollution in California. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7243091.

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Ganji, A. Comparative evaluation of the impacts of domestic gas and electric heat pump heating on air pollution in California. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179955.

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Holmes, J. T. Electric heating for high-temperature heat transport fluids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6481685.

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Sergi, Brian, Omar Guerra, Michael Craig, Kwabena Pambour, Carlo Brancucci, and Brian Hodge. Natural Gas - Electric Interface Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1710142.

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Hayden, A. C. S. High-efficiency residential gas heating systems. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304415.

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Craig, Timothy D., Edward I. Wolfe, and Mingyu Wang. Electric Phase Change Material Assisted Thermal Heating System (ePATHS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1467444.

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Kollross, Todd, and Mike Connolly. INNOVATIVE HYBRID GAS/ELECTRIC CHILLER COGENERATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/831192.

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Nowakowski, G. Innovative hybrid gas/electric chiller cogeneration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/774502.

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McKeever, JW. Boost Converters for Gas Electric and Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/886011.

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