Relevant bibliographies by topics / ELE al Camerun

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'ELE al Camerun'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'ELE al Camerun.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "ELE al Camerun"

1

Niorthe, Philippe. "Cameroun, images d’une histoire sans images." Écrire l'histoire, no. 9 (June 10, 2012): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/elh.250.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Nkoungou, Harlin L. E., Philippe N. Nouck, Dieudonné Bisso, Stéphane Assembe, and Eliézer M. Dicoum. "Geophysical Contribution for the Determination of Aquifer Properties in Memve Ele, South Cameroon." Journal of Water Resource and Protection 04, no. 10 (2012): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2012.410104.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lagarde, Raphaël, Jason Peyre, Elsa Amilhat, Manon Mercader, François Prellwitz, Gaël Simon, and Elisabeth Faliex. "In situ evaluation of European eel counts and length estimates accuracy from an acoustic camera (ARIS)." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 421 (2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2020037.

Full text
Abstract:
Despite the increasing use of acoustic cameras in fish ecology and fisheries studies, the quantification of biases associated with this method have received little attention. In this note, we used data collected from an ARIS acoustic camera, positioned in a channel linking a lagoon to the sea, to quantify differences in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) counts and size estimates made by two experienced operators. Count estimates made from 58 videos were highly consistent between the two operators (R2 = 0.99), although statistically different. Compared to the known sizes for the 82 eels, sizes estimated manually from video were underestimated. The resulting mean error percentages were significantly different between the two operators (−3.9% ± 8.5 (SD) and −6.6% ± 8.9). This error percentage was significantly influenced by the known size of the eels but not by the detection range. Our results highlighted the importance of taking into account the biases in counts and size estimates in fish ecology and fisheries studies based on acoustic cameras. These biases have to be quantified and, if possible, corrected using similar protocols as described in this study, when multiple operators analyse acoustic videos or when comparing the results from different studies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kurbanov, R. K., and N. I. Zakharova. "Application of Vegetation Indexes to Assess the Condition of Crops." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 14, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-4-4-11.

Full text
Abstract:
Monitoring of the state of agricultural crops and forecasting the crops development begin with aerial photography using a unmanned aerial vehicles and a multispectral camera. Vegetation indexes are selected empirically and calculated as a result of operations with values of diff erent spectral wavelengths. When assessing the state of crops, especially in breeding, it is necessary to determine the limiting factors for the use of vegetation indexes.(Research purpose) To analyze, evaluate and select vegetation indexes for conducting operational, high-quality and comprehensive monitoring of the state of crops and the formation of optimal management decisions.(Materials and Methods) The authors studied the results of scientifi c research in the fi eld of remote sensing technology using unmanned aerial vehicles and multispectral cameras, as well as the experience of using vegetation indexes to assess the condition of crops in the precision farming system. The limiting factors for the vegetation indexes research were determined: a limited number of monochrome cameras in popular multispectral cameras; key indicators for monitoring crops required by agronomists. After processing aerial photographs from an unmanned aerial vehicle, a high-precision orthophotomap, a digital fi eld model, and maps of vegetation indexes were created.(Results and discussion) More than 150 vegetation indexes were found. Not all of them were created through observation and experimentation. The authors considered broadband vegetation indexes to assess the status of crops in the fi elds. They analyzed the vegetation indexes of soybean and winter wheat crops in the main phases of vegetation.(Conclusions) The authors found that each vegetative index had its own specifi c scope, limiting factors and was used both separately and in combination with other indexes. When calculating the vegetation indexes for practical use, it was recommended to be guided by the technical characteristics of multispectral cameras and took into account the index use eff ectiveness at various vegetation stages.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

NGAH, Marguerite Y., Isabel Del ARCO, and Oscar FLORES. "Diagnóstico de la competencia digital de los futuros docentes como catalizadores del aprendizaje en el marco de la enseñanza de ELE en la Escuela Normal Superior de Yaundé, Camerún." Espacios 42, no. 15 (July 15, 2021): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.48082/espacios-a21v42n13p07.

Full text
Abstract:
Esta investigación es un estudio no experimental, descriptivo con un diseño mixto cuantitativo-cualitativo. Pretende diagnosticar el nivel de competencia digital de los futuros docentes ELE de formación inicial en la Escuela Normal Superior de Yaundé, Camerún. Como catalizadores de aprendizaje, los estudiantes tienen un nivel intermedio de competencia digital. Tienen dificultades sobre la pedagogía del uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en la educación. Abogan por la innovación de las metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje, la infraestructura y la formación continua.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Djomeni, Gabriel Delmon. "The role of sensitisation in the success of community-geared language revitalisation programme: an experience from BASAL programme in Cameroon." Entrepalavras 7, no. 1 (September 23, 2017): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.22168/2237-6321.7.7.1.504-518.

Full text
Abstract:
Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância da sensibilização no sucesso de um programa de revitalização da linguagem baseado em uma abordagem orientada à comunidade. Partindo de algumas experiências com o BASAL (Basic Standardisation of all Unwritten African Languages ou Normatização Básica de todas as Línguas Africanas Não Escritas), o trabalho demonstra que, sem uma campanha estratégica que permita que o pesquisador entre em contato direto com membros e líderes da comunidade, a fim de negociar sua participação, o projeto irá fracassar. Quando um pesquisador, linguista e estrangeiro se estabelece numa comunidade na perspectiva de desenvolver a linguagem dessa comunidade, primeiro ele precisa estabelecer estratégias que o auxiliarão a nutrir um ambiente favorável se ele deseja ser bem sucedido. Esse sucesso exige a sensibilização do povo local. O principal objetivo da sensibilização é capturar a capacidade de resposta dos falantes nativos e convencê-los a contribuir e colaborar através de sua participação efetiva e esforço em conseguir sucesso no desenvolvimento de sua língua.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

BEITIA, Francisco, Erik VALENCIA, Bernat PERIS, Luis DE PEDRO, Josep D. ASIS, and Jose TORMOS. "Influence of natal host on parasitism by Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)." European Journal of Entomology 113 (January 14, 2016): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2016.012.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Mesquita NETO, José Rodrigues de, and Clerton Luiz Felix BARBOZA. "O EFEITO DA PALAVRA NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA INTERFONOLOGIA RÓTICA PB-ELE." Trama 15, no. 34 (February 27, 2019): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/rt.v15i34.20476.

Full text
Abstract:
Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar o efeito da palavra na construção da interfonologia rótica envolvendo o PB e o ELE de professores de espanhol no Brasil. Temos como pergunta-problema: como a palavra influencia na construção da interfonologia rótica entre o português e o espanhol? Nossa hipótese básica afirma que a interfonologia será construída de modo diferente segundo as palavras, os sujeitos e os experimentos. Para a realização da pesquisa temos como base teórica a língua como SAC (BECKNER et al., 2009) e os modelos fonológicos multirepresentacionais: FU (BYBBE, 2001) e ME (PIERREHUMBERT, 2001). A metodologia é de cunho quali-quantitativo e corte transversal, traz como corpus o áudio de 770 tokens em que os róticos aparecem em diferentes contextos fonotáticos e em dois experimentos. Desse modo, verificamos que uma palavra com alto Índice de Realização Não-Padrão no experimento 1, pode aparecer com um baixo Índice no experimento 2. Assim, comprovando o comportamento dinâmico da língua. REFERÊNCIASALVARENGA, E. Metodología de la investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa. 5 ed. Asunción: Diseños. 2014. BAICCHI, A. Construction learning as a complex adaptive system: psycholinguistic evidence from L2 learners of English.BARBOZA, C. L.. Efeitos da palatalização das oclusivas alveolares do português brasileiro no percurso de construção da fonologia do inglês língua estrangeira. 2013. 165f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística) – Curso de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013. BECKNER, et al. Language is a complex adaptive system: position paper. Language Learning, Michigan, v. 51, n. 1, p.1-26, Dec. 2009. BOERSMA, P., WEENIK, D. Praat: doing phonetics by computer. Version 5.1.43. Disponível em: http://www.praat.org. 2012.BRISOLARA, L.; SEMINO, M. ¿Cómo pronunciar el español? La enseñanza de la fonética y la fonología para brasileños: Ejercicios prácticos. Campinas: Pontes Editores. 2014.BYBEE, J. Phonology and language use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.______. Usage-based grammar and second language acquisition. In: ROBINSON, Peter; ELLIS, Nick C. Handbook of cognitive linguistics and second language acquisition. New York: Routledge, 2008. p. 216-236.______, Joan. Language, usage and cognition. Nova York: Cambridge. 2010.CARVALHO, K. C. Descrição fonético-acústica das vibrantes no português e no espanhol. 2004. 213f. Tese (Doutorado em Letras) – Curso de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Assis, 2004.CRISTÓFARO-SILVA, T. Descartando fonemas: a representação mental na fonologia de uso. In: HORA, D. da; COLLISCHON, G. Teoria linguística: fonologia e outros temas. João Pessoa: Editora Universitária/UFPB, 2003. p. 200-231.______. Fonologia probabilística: estudos de caso do português brasileiro. Lingua(gem), Macapá, v. 2, n. 2, p.223-248, 2005.______. Fonética e fonologia do português: roteiro de estudos e guia de exercícios. São Paulo: Contexto. 2013.FERNÁNDEZ, J. Fonética para profesores de español: de la teoría a la práctica. Madrid: Arco/libros. 2007.GOMES, A. S.. A vibrante múltipla espanhola em aprendentes de Espanhol como língua estrangeira na Bahia e em São Paulo: uma abordagem sociolinguística. 2013. 125f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Estudo de Linguagens) – Curso de Pós-Graduação em Estudo de Linguagens, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, 2013.LARSEN-FREEMAN, D.; CAMERON, L. Complex systems and applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford Universuty Press, 2008.LEFFA, V. J. ReVEL na Escola: Ensinando a língua como um sistema adaptativo complexo. ReVEL, v. 14, n. 27, 2016 [www.revel.inf.br].NAVARRO, T. Manual de pronunciación española. Madrid: CSIC, 1991.PIERREHUMBERT, J. B. Exemplar dynamics: word frequency, lenition and contrast. In: BYBEE, Joan; HOPPER, P. (Comp.). Frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2001. p. 137-158.SILVA, K. C. Ensino-Aprendizagem do espanhol: O uso interlinguístico das vibrantes. 2007. 161f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Linguística) – Curso de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2007. Recebido em 06-09-2018.Aceito em 22-02-2019.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Heijke, Jan. "Thinking in the Scene of Disaster: Theology of Jean-Marc Ela From Cameroon." Exchange 29, no. 1 (2000): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254300x00058.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Toumba Haman, Patrick. "Adquirir competencias comunicativas en ELE en un contexto plurilingüe: el caso de los alumnos de la Facultad de Artes, Letras y Ciencias Sociales (FALSH) de la Universidad de Maroua." Didácticas Específicas, no. 23 (December 17, 2020): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/didacticas2020.23.007.

Full text
Abstract:
El presente artículo parte de la doble influencia recibida por los alumnos de ELE de la Facultad de Artes, Letras y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Maroua, en Camerún. En efecto, se trata de una doble influencia institucional y sociológica, si tomamos en cuenta el que por una parte, cada uno de ellos ha recibido una larga formación en francés, por ser francófonos, y otra relativa en inglés, ambas siendo lenguas oficiales; por otra parte, estos alumnos entienden por lo menos un idioma local con el que han entrado en contacto desde su infancia, en el medio familiar y comunitario. ¿Cómo adquirir debidamente competencias comunicativas en castellano, idioma de su formación en los estudios superiores, en este espacio plurilingüe? Tal es la interrogación a la que intenta responder esta reflexión.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ELE al Camerun"

1

Yagang, Christelle. "Dificultades que plantea la enseñanza/aprendizaje de ELE para alumnado camerunés de lengua materna medùmba (entre el contraste de lenguas y las creencias sociolingüísticas y educativas)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405568.

Full text
Abstract:
Intervenen molts elements en el procés d'ensenyament/aprenentatge d'una llengua estrangera. En aquesta tesi s'analitza l'efecte que tenen en aquest procés les llengües que prèviament ha après l'alumne, així com les creences que es tenen sobre l'entorn lingüístic, sobre les dificultats intrínseques de la llengua estrangera i sobre el mètode d'ensenyament. La manca de reconeixement mundial de les llengües africanes ens ha portat al plantejament de com seria l'ensenyament/aprenentatge de l'espanyol per a alumnat d'una llengua africana, en general, i camerunesa, en particular, el medùmba, pròpia d'un territori en el qual es va implantar una llengua europea mitjançant un procés de colonització, el francès. Per aconseguir-ho, es contrasten els sistemes fonètic-fonològics i gramaticals del medùmba, el francès i l'espanyol, a la recerca dels esculls potencials amb els quals es toparà l'alumnat francòfon de llengua materna medùmba que està aprenent ELE. Així mateix s'identifica l'imaginari social sobre l'estatut de les llengües autòctones i estrangeres entre el professorat i l'alumnat dels centres de secundària al Camerun, així com les creences, d'aquests mateixos col·lectius, al voltant de l'ensenyament-aprenentatge d’ELE. Finalment, es comprova el grau de proximitat entre la realitat social, lingüística i educativa, d'una banda, i, de l'altra, les creences sobre les llengües i sobre l'ensenyament / aprenentatge de l'espanyol.
Intervienen muchos elementos en el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera. En esta tesis se analiza el efecto que tienen en dicho proceso las lenguas que previamente ha aprendido el alumno, así como las creencias que se tiene sobre el entorno lingüístico, sobre las dificultades intrínsecas de la lengua extranjera y sobre el método de enseñanza. La falta de reconocimiento mundial de las lenguas africanas nos ha llevado al planteamiento de cómo sería la enseñanza/ aprendizaje del español para alumnado de una lengua africana, en general, y camerunesa, en particular, el medùmba, propia de un territorio en el que se implantó una lengua europea mediante un proceso de colonización, el francés. Para ello, se contrastan los sistemas fonético-fonológicos y gramaticales del medùmba, el francés y el español, en la búsqueda de los escollos potenciales con los que se topará el alumnado francófono de lengua materna medùmba que está aprendiendo ELE. Asimismo se identifica el imaginario social sobre el estatuto de las lenguas autóctonas y extranjeras entre el profesorado y el alumnado de los centros de secundaria en Camerún, así como las creencias, de estos mismos colectivos, en torno a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de ELE. Finalmente, se comprueba el grado de proximidad entre la realidad social, lingüística y educativa, por un lado, y, por el otro, las creencias sobre las lenguas y sobre la enseñanza/aprendizaje del español.
There are lots of different elements that take part in the teaching/learning process in a foreign language. In this thesis the effect that the language previously learned by the pupil has in the mentioned process and the beliefs that are embraced about the linguistic are analyzed. The lack of world recognition of the African languages has taken us to the approach of how it would be the teaching-learning process of the Spanish for African native students in general, and Cameroon natives, (specially, the medùmba speakers), proper of a territory in which an European language (the French language) was implemented by a settling process. In order to do that, the phonetic - phonological and grammatical systems of the medùmba, the French and the Spanish are contrasted in the search of the potential obstacles, faced by the French-speaking student of medùmba mother language who is learning ELE. Additionally, the imaginary social is identified about the autochthonous and foreign languages statute among the teaching and students body in the Cameroon’s secondary centers, as well as the beliefs of the same groups, concerning ELE’s teaching - learning. Finally, on the one hand, the degree of proximity is verified among the social, linguistic and educational reality, and, on the other one, the beliefs on the languages and on the teaching / learning of Spanish.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kem-Mekah, Kadzue Oscar. "Enseñanza y aprendizaje del español en Camerún: análisis de las creencias del alumnado/profesorado e implicaciones didácticas para una formación competitiva de estudiantes/docentes de ELE." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399641.

Full text
Abstract:
Hoy en día, la finalidad universal del aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras es el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en los discentes. No obstante, cabe admitir que la adquisición de esa competencia comunicativa no siempre se da al final del proceso de aprendizaje. En este sentido, sea cual sea el contexto de aprendizaje, no es sorprendente encontrar un gran número de estudiantes que, después de pasarse toda la Educación Secundaria aprendiendo una lengua extranjera, se muestre incapaz de mantener una mínima conversación en la misma al finalizar esta etapa de aprendizaje. Qué es lo que falla es una de las preguntas que forma parte del hilo conductor de nuestra investigación. Los resultados a los que llegamos, y que son explicados detalladamente en esta Tesis Doctoral, nos permiten plantear unas propuestas de intervención didácticas contundentes de cara a mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza/aprendizaje del español en la Educación Secundaria y la formación del profesorado de ELE en Camerún. La presente Tesis Doctoral se enmarca dentro del estudio de las creencias del alumnado/profesorado, una línea de investigación relativamente novedosa en el ámbito de ELE pero que tomó su impulso en el campo de la didáctica de idiomas, en concreto en la tradición investigadora y educativa anglosajona, a mediados de los años 80 con la publicación de los estudios pioneros de Horwitz (1985) y Wenden (1986). Se trata de un campo de estudio que estipula que las creencias son el soporte de gran parte de las decisiones, acciones y actuaciones conscientes o inconscientes de los discentes/docentes en el aula. De ahí su crucial importancia para ahondar y reflexionar sobre el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje de las lenguas.
Nowadays, the universal objective of learning foreign languages is the development of the communicative competence of the learners. Nevertheless, it is important to notice that the acquisition of that competence is not always guaranteed at the end of the learning process. In this regard, whatever the learning context, it is not surprising to find students who are not able to hold even a simple conversation in a given foreign language even though they have studied that language all through their secondary education. What goes wrong is one of the main questions that will guide this research. The results we have achieved and which are presented in further details in this Doctorate Thesis permit us to make proposals for pedagogically decisive interventions which aim at ameliorating the standard and quality of Spanish teaching/learning in Secondary Education and the training of teachers in Cameroon. This work is enrolled in the study line of learners’/teachers’ beliefs. This is a relatively recent research line in the SFL domain even though it took off in the area of languages’ didactic, precisely in the Anglo-Saxon tradition of research and education in the middle of the 80 thanks to the publication of the pioneer studies of Horwitz (1985) and Wenden (1986). This domain of study stipulates that most of learners’/teachers’ conscious or unconscious decisions, actions and conducts within the classrooms are based on their beliefs. This is why it is crucial to study in depth their importance on languages teaching/learning process.
Avui dia, la finalitat universal de l'aprenentatge de llengües estrangeres és el desenvolupament de la competència comunicativa en els discents. No obstant això, cal admetre que l'adquisició d'aquesta competència comunicativa no sempre es dóna al final del procés d'aprenentatge. En aquest sentit, sigui el que sigui el context d'aprenentatge, no és sorprenent trobar un gran nombre d'estudiants que, després de passar-se tota l'Educació Secundària aprenent una llengua estrangera, es mostri incapaç de mantenir una mínima conversa en la mateixa en finalitzar aquesta etapa d'aprenentatge. Què és el que falla és una de les preguntes que forma part del fil conductor de la nostra recerca. Els resultats als quals arribem, i que són explicats detalladament en aquesta Tesi Doctoral, ens permeten plantejar unes propostes d'intervenció didàctiques contundents de cara a millorar la qualitat de l'ensenyament/aprenentatge de l'espanyol a l'Educació Secundària i la formació del professorat d'ELE a Camerun. La present Tesi Doctoral s'emmarca dins de l'estudi de les creences de l'alumnat/professorat, una línia de recerca relativament nova en l'àmbit d'ELE però que va prendre el seu impuls en el camp de la didàctica d'idiomes, en concret en la tradició investigadora i educativa anglosaxona, a mitjan anys 80 amb la publicació dels estudis pioners de Horwitz (1985) i Wenden (1986). Es tracta d'un camp d'estudi que estipula que les creences són el suport de gran part de les decisions, accions i actuacions conscients o inconscients dels discents/docents a l'aula. D'aquí la seva crucial importància per aprofundir i reflexionar sobre el procés d'ensenyament/aprenentatge de les llengües.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lam, Hong Kwai. "Automatic white balancing for digital camera and fast motion vector re-estimation for arbitrary downscaling of compressed video /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202004%20LAMH.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-58). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ngah, Eyara Marguerite Yvette. "Diagnosis e interpretación de la formación inicial en competencia digital de los futuros docentes del Español como Lengua Extranjera de la Escuela Normal Superior de Yaundé, Camerún." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671693.

Full text
Abstract:
El propòsit d'aquest estudi és explorar i diagnosticar la competència digital dels estudiants de primer i segon cicle dels estudis d'Espanyol com Llengua Estrangera, de l'Escola Normal Superior de Yaoundé, Camerun. El treball consta de quatre parts principals: la contextualització, el marc teòric, el marc d’aplicació i una proposta didàctica. Hem utilitzat una metodologia mixta, explicativa i seqüencial. Les dades van ser recopilades per mitjà d'un qüestionari i un grup de discussió. Segons els resultats obtinguts, la majoria dels estudiants disposen d'un nivell de competència digital intermedi. El nivell inicial va ser autopercebut en accions vinculades a l'ús pedagògic de les TIC. En el grup de discussió, els participants van revelar que no utilitzen les TIC en la seva formació i que els mètodes d'ensenyament-aprenentatge són tradicionals. Per adaptar la seva formació a l'era digital, caldrà que les autoritats a càrrec de l'educació renovin les infraestructures, canviïn les metodologies d'ensenyament-aprenentatge i que la formació contínua dels formadors sigui adaptada a les necessitats de l’era digital.
El propósito del presente estudio es explorar y diagnosticar la competencia digital de los estudiantes de primer y segundo ciclo de los estudios del Español como Lengua Extranjera de la Escuela Normal Superior de Yaundé, Camerún. El trabajo consta de cuatro partes principales: la contextualización, el marco teórico, el marco aplicativo y una propuesta didáctica. Hemos utilizado una metodología mixta, explicativa, secuencial. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante un cuestionario y un grupo de discusión. Según los resultados obtenidos, la mayoría de los estudiantes disponen de un nivel de competencia digital intermedio. Pero, el nivel inicial fue particularmente autopercibido en acciones vinculadas al uso pedagógico de las TIC. En el grupo de discusión, los participantes revelaron que no utilizan las TIC en su formación, y que los métodos de enseñanza-aprendizaje son tradicionales. Para adaptar su formación se adapte a la era digital, será necesario que las autoridades a cargo de la educación renueven las infraestructuras, cambien las metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje y que la formación continua de los formadores sea adaptada a las necesidades de la era digital.
The purpose of this study is to explore and diagnose the digital competence of undergraduate and graduate students of Spanish as foreign language studies from the École Normale Supérieure of Yaoundé. This work has four main sections: contextualization, theoretical framework, application framework and a didactic proposal. We have used a mixed methodology, explanatory and sequential. The data was collected through a questionnaire and discussion group. According to the results obtained, most of the students have an intermediate level of digital competence. However, the initial level was particularly self-perceived in actions related to the pedagogical use of ICT. The analysis in the discussion group, revealed firstly, that the students do not use ICT in their training and secondly, the teaching-learning methods are traditional. To adapt their training to the digital age, it will be necessary for the authorities in charge of education to renew the infrastructures, change the teaching-learning methodologies and adapt the continuous training of trainers to the needs of the digital age.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Shields, Andrew V. "Summer Watering Patterns of Mule Deer and Differential Use of Water by Bighorn Sheep, Elk, Mule Deer, and Pronghorn in Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3920.

Full text
Abstract:
Changes in the abundance and distribution of free (drinking) water can influence wildlife in arid regions. In the western USA, free water is considered by wildlife managers to be important for bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), elk (Cervus elaphus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). Nonetheless, we lack information on the influence of habitat and landscape features surrounding water sources, including wildlife water developments, and how these features may influence use of water by sexes differently. Consequently, a better understanding of differential use of water by the sexes could influence the conservation and management of those ungulates and water resources in their habitats. We deployed remote cameras at water sources to document water source use. For mule deer specifically, we monitored all known water sources on one mountain range in western Utah, during summer from 2007 to 2011 to document frequency and timing of water use, number of water sources used by males and females, and to estimate population size from individually identified mule deer. Male and female mule deer used different water sources but visited that resource at similar frequencies. On average, mule deer used 1.4 water sources and changed water sources once per summer. Additionally, most wildlife water developments were used by both sexes. We also randomly sampled 231 water sources with remote cameras in a clustered-sampling design throughout Utah in 2006 and from 2009 to 2011. In association with camera sampling at water sources, we measured several site and landscape scale features around each water source to identify patterns in ungulate use informative for managers. We used model selection to identify features surrounding water sources that were related to visitation rates for male and female bighorn sheep, elk, mule deer, and pronghorn. Top models for each species were different, but supported models for males and females of the same species generally included similar covariates, although with varying strengths. Our results highlight the differing use of water sources by the sexes. This information will help guide managers when siting and reprovisioning wildlife water developments meant to benefit those species, and when prioritizing natural water sources for preservation or enhancement.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Custodio, Joao Pedro Barata Lourenco. "Depth Estimation using Light-Field Cameras." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/40446.

Full text
Abstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra
Plenoptic cameras or light field cameras are a recent type of imaging devices that are starting to regain some popularity. These cameras are able to acquire the plenoptic function (4D light field) and, consequently, able to output the depth of a scene, by making use of the redundancy created by the multi-view geometry, where a single 3D point is imaged several times. Despite the attention given in the literature to standard plenoptic cameras, like Lytro, due to their simplicity and lower price, we did our work based on results obtained from a multi-focus plenoptic camera (Raytrix, in our case), due to their quality and higher resolution images. In this master thesis, we present an automatic method to estimate the virtual depth of a scene. Since the capture is done using a multi-focus plenoptic camera, we are working with multi-view geometry and lens with different focal lengths, and we can use that to back trace the rays in order to obtain the depth. We start by finding salient points and their respective correspondences using a scaled SAD (sum of absolute differences) method. In order to perform the referred back trace, obtaining robust results, we developed a RANSAC-like method, which we call COMSAC (Complete Sample Consensus). It is an iterative method that back trace the ligth rays in order to estimate the depth, eliminating the outliers. Finally, and since the depth map obtained is sparse, we developed a way to make it dense, by random growing. Since we used a publicly available dataset from Raytrix, comparisons between our results and the manufacturers’ ones are also presented. A paper was also submitted to 3DV 2014 (International Conference on 3D Vision), a conference on three-dimensional vision.
Cˆamaras plen´opticas ou cˆamaras de campo de luz s˜ao dispositivos que est˜ao a voltar a ter alguma popularidade. Este tipo de cˆamaras s˜ao capazes de adquirir a fun¸c˜ao plen´optica (campo de luz 4D) e, consequentemente, capazes de estimar a profundidade de uma cena, usando a redundˆancia criada pela geometria ”multi-view”, onde um ponto 3D ´e projetado na imagem diversas vezes. Apesar de ter sido dada uma maior aten¸c˜ao na literatura `as cˆamaras plen´opticas standard, como s˜ao exemplo as Lytro, visto que s˜ao mais simples e com um pre¸co muito mais interessante, o nosso trabalho foi desenvolvido tendo por base os resultados obtidos por uma cˆamara plen´optica ”multi-focus” (uma Raytrix, no nosso caso), visto que a qualidade ´e superior e consegue obter imagens com maior resolu¸c˜ao. Nesta tese de mestrado, apresentamos um m´etodo autom´atico para estimar a profundidade de uma cena. Visto que a captura da cena ´e efetuada com uma cˆamara plen´optica ”multi-focus”, estamos a trabalhar com geometria ”multi-view” e com lentes que tˆem distˆancias focais diferentes, podendo ser usado esse facto para efetuar tra¸co de raios de forma a obter a profundidade. Come¸camos por encontrar pontos salientes e as suas respetivas correspondˆencias usando um valor escalado de SAD (soma das diferen¸cas absolutas). Por forma a efetuar o tra¸co de raios, obtendo resultados mais robustos, desenvolvemos um m´etodo estilo RANSAC, ao qual cham´amos COMSAC (Complete Sample Consensus). E um m´etodo iterativo que efetua o tra¸co de raios de ´ forma a estimar a profundidade, eliminando resultados indesejados. Finalmente, e visto que o mapa de profundidade obtido ´e esparso, desenvolvemos um m´etodo para o tornar denso, com recurso a um m´etodo de crescimento aleat´orio. Por forma a testar os algoritmos desenvolvidos, utiliz´amos um conjunto de dados abertos ao p´ublico da Raytrix e apresentamos tamb´em a compara¸c˜ao entre os nossos resultados e os resultados obtidos pela Raytrix. Foi tamb´em submetida um artigo para a 3DV (Conferˆencia Internacional em Vis˜ao 3D), uma conferˆencia em vis˜ao tri-dimensional.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Cunha, Joel Antonio Teixeira. "Improved Depth Estimation Algorithm using Plenoptic Cameras." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/40461.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ferreira, Rodrigo Miguel Belo Leal Toste. "A fully automatic depth estimation algorithm for multi-focus plenoptic cameras: coarse and dense aproaches." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/40485.

Full text
Abstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra
Light field cameras capture a scene’s multi-directional light field with one image, allowing the estimation of depth of the captured scene and focus the image after it has been taken. In this thesis, we introduce a fully automatic method for depth estimation from a single plenoptic image running a RANSAC-like algorithm for feature matching. We filter the estimated depth points on a global and fine scale, allowing a more accurate depth estimation. The novelty about our approach is the global method to back project correspondences found using photometric similarity to obtain a 3D virtual point cloud. We use a smart mixture of lenses with different focal-lengths in a multiple depth map refining phase, generating a dense depth map. This depth map is then used to generate very high quality all-in-focus renders. We also introduce a new method for detection and correction of highly blurred areas, which greatly improves the depth estimation of the scene and subsequently the all-in-focus as well. As far as the author knows, our algorithm is the first fully automatic (zero intervention) method to process multi-focus plenoptic images. On the previous work a plenoptic data simulator was introduced which allows us to create plenoptic datasets with specific parameters. Knowing the depth ground truth of these datasets we are able to test and improve our algorithm and provide guidelines for future work. Tests with simulated datasets and real images are presented and show very good accuracy of the method presented. We also compare our results with other methods, being able to achieve comparable results to the state of the art with substantial less processing time. A short paper was submitted and accepted to Eurographics 2016, the 37th Annual Conference of the European Association for Computer Graphics and a full paper was also submitted to ICCP 2016, an International Conference on Computer Photography.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "ELE al Camerun"

1

Abomo-Maurin, Marie-Rose. Àjònò Àlá =: Les trois Oyono : un mvet boulou (Cameroun) de Asomo Ngono Ela. Paris: Classiques africains, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Mark, Henckel, ed. Elk talk: Your guide to finding elk, calling elk, and hunting elk with a rifle, bow and arrow, or camera. Gardiner, MT: D. Laubach, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hollingworth, Miles. When the Camera Is on Us. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190873998.003.0004.

Full text
Abstract:
Until you actually turn to the camera, you can have no idea whether you are acting or not, pretending or not. Certainty, the prototype, eternity, etc. is something you have to turn to look in the eye. Otherwise you will only see with it, you will only see down its same line of sight, you will only see what it sees. You will only see what everyone else can see down that same line of sight. Because what the camera can see is what everyone else could see, too, if they could all be there. ‘Camera’, in the way that it is used here and across the rest of the book, is a metaphorical way of saying: ‘Everyone has to see it, too!’ In this chapter, we learn that we are not going to be replaced by machines, but that we will begin to think and look and act like them.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Smigel, Eric. Sights and Sounds of the Moving Mind. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469894.003.0006.

Full text
Abstract:
American experimental filmmaker Stan Brakhage revolutionised independent cinema by cultivating a new poetic idiom designed to document the subjective vision of the eye behind the camera. Committed to an inclusive account of the lived visual experience, he augmented the cinematic vocabulary by including components such as hallucination, dreams, closed-eye images and optical feedback, capturing these ephemeral elements using a wide variety of ‘home-made’ modifications to the filming process, including erratic hand-held camera movement, distortion of focus and changing camera speeds. Although most of his projects are silent, he corresponded with composer James Tenney to explore intersections between cinema (“moving visual thinking”) and music (“sound equivalent of the mind’s moving”). When employing a soundtrack, Brakhage gravitated towards musique concrète, which he regarded as an audio analogy for cinematic montage, and he devised a unique brand of audiovisual counterpoint based on the rhythmic interplay of the psychophysiological processes of sight and sound.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Martin, Graham R. Birds’ Eye Views. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694532.003.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
From views taken at high altitudes, to the videos recorded by cameras mounted on a flying eagle, so-called birds’ eye views are commonplace. But are they really what a bird sees? What really is a bird’s world? The Greek philosopher Epicurus argued that each animal experiences a different world, leading him to question the basis of human reality; in turn this led to Scepticism and the scientific method. Modern techniques of sensory ecology applied to birds show how correct Epicurus was. Sensory information in birds is uniquely and finely tuned to the ecology and behaviours of each species. Different sensory information is tradedoff, and specific knowledge of places and situations are necessary to cope with natural conditions when environmental information is sparse or lacking. The worlds in which birds live are as diverse as their species and are essential to their description and to our understanding of their behaviours.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Jacobson, Matthew Frye. The Historian's Eye. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649665.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
Between 2009 and 2013, as the nation contemplated the historic election of Barack Obama and endured the effects of the Great Recession, Matthew Frye Jacobson set out with a camera to explore and document what was discernible to the "historian's eye" during this tumultuous period. Having collected several thousand images, Jacobson began to reflect on their raw, informal immediacy alongside the recognition that they comprised an archive of a moment with unquestionable historical significance. This book presents more than 100 images alongside Jacobson's recollections of their moments of creation and his understanding of how they link past, present, and future. The images reveal diverse expressions of civic engagement that are emblematic of the aspirations, expectations, promises, and failures of this period in American history. Myriad closed businesses and abandoned storefronts stand as public monuments to widespread distress; omnipresent, expectant Obama iconography articulates a wish for new national narratives; flamboyant street theater and wry signage bespeak a common impulse to talk back to power. Framed by an introductory essay, these images reflect the sober grace of a time that seems perilous, but in which “hope” has not ceased to hold meaning.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Dalle Vacche, Angela. André Bazin's Film Theory. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190067298.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
The best way to understand Bazin’s film theory is to pay attention to art, science, and religion, since spectatorship depends on perception, cognition, and hallucination. By arguing that this dissident Catholic’s worldview is anti-anthropocentric, Angela Dalle Vacche concludes that cinema recapitulates the history of evolution and technology inside our consciousness, so that we may better understand how we overlap with, but also differ from, animals, plants, objects, and machines. Whereas in “Art,” the author explains the difference between painting as a static object and the moving image as an event unfolding in time, in “Science,” she discusses Bazin’s dislike of classical geometry and Platonic algebra, his fascination with biology and modern calculus to underline his holistic Darwinism, and his anti-Euclidean mathematics of motion and contingency. Comparable to a religious practice, Bazin’s cinema is the only collective ritual of the twentieth century capable of fostering an emotional community by calling on critical self-interrogation and ethical awareness. Especially keen on Italian neorealism, Bazin argues that this sensibility thrives on beings and things displacing themselves in such a way as to turn the Other into a Neighbor. Bazin’s film theory acknowledges the equalizing impact of the camera lens, which is analogous to, but also different from, the human eye. In the cinema, two different kinds of eyes coexist: one is mechanical and objective, the other is human and subjective. By refusing to reshape the world according to an a priori thesis, Bazin’s idea of an anti-anthropocentric cinema seeks surprise, dialogue, risk, and experiment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Close, Frank. Eclipses. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190902476.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
Have you ever seen a total solar eclipse? If the question caused you to search your memory, the correct answer would have been “no.” A common response is: “Yes--I saw one, it was about 90% partial eclipse where I lived.” A 90% partial eclipse is indeed a remarkable phenomenon, but true totality leaves all else in the shade, in all senses of the phrase. Ask the question of anyone who has experienced the full sensation of being obliterated by the moon's shadow, and they will reply “yes”--without hesitation--and continue with a monologue describing the overwhelming experiences and unique phenomena that ensued. On 21 August 2017 millions of people across the United States witnessed “The Great American Eclipse” of the Sun. The moment it was over, people around the world were asking questions: what caused the weird shadows and colors in the build up to totality? Were those ephemeral bands of shadows gliding across the ground in the seconds before totality real or an optical illusion? Why this, what that, but above all: where and when can I see a total solar eclipse again? Eclipses: What Everyone Needs to Know helps explain the profound differences between a 99.99% partial eclipse and true totality, and inform readers how to experience this most beautiful natural phenomenon successfully. It covers eclipses of sun, moon, and other astronomical objects, and their applications in science, as well as their role in history, literature, and myth. It describes the phenomena to expect at a solar eclipse and the best ways to record them--by camera, video, or by simple handmade experiments. The book covers the timetable of upcoming eclipses, where the best locations will be to see them, and the opportunities for using them as vehicles for inspiration and education. As a veteran of seven total solar eclipses, physicist Frank Close is an expert both on the theory and practice of eclipses. Eclipses: What Everyone Needs to Know is a popular source of information on the physics of eclipses.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "ELE al Camerun"

1

Tante, Achu Charles. "‘I Can Talk About a Lot of Things in the Other Language but not in English’: Teaching Speaking Skills in Cameroon Primary Schools." In International Perspectives on Teaching the Four Skills in ELT, 81–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63444-9_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

"Cameras and camera lenses." In The Eye and Visual Optical Instruments, 453–76. Cambridge University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511609541.022.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

"Camerún." In Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo, 69. WTO, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/452721e9-es.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

"Camerún." In Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo, 62. WTO, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/a64c9923-es.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

"Camerún." In Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo, 61. WTO, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/7e715c34-es.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

"Camerún." In Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo, 69. WTO, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/2ca25c75-es.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

"Camerún." In Perfiles arancelarios en el mundo 2018, 59. WTO, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/ec2dcee6-es.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

"Camerún." In Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo 2019, 67. WTO, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/97def8f0-es.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

"Conclusion. Passion of Remembrance: Facing the Camera/Grabbing the Camera." In The Third Eye, 193–218. Duke University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780822398721-007.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Jacobson, Matthew Frye. "What the Camera Teaches." In The Historian's Eye, 1–12. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649665.003.0001.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "ELE al Camerun"

1

Keyvanara, Maryam, and Robert Allison. "Effect of a Constant Camera Rotation on the Visibility of Transsaccadic Camera Shifts." In ETRA '20: 2020 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391318.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Gyorok, Gyorgy, and Bertalan Beszedes. "Using Thermal Imaging Cameras to Test Electronical Systems." In 2018 International IEEE Conference and workshop in Óbuda on Electrical and Power Engineering (CANDO-EPE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cando-epe.2018.8601159.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sikora, Tadeusz, Lukas Prokop, Jan Fulnecek, and Tomas Vantuch. "Industrial Uniterruptible Power Supply Batteries Monitoring Augmentation by Infrared Camera." In 2019 20th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2019.8777953.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Bos, Petr, Richard Baleja, Karel Sokansky, Tomas Novak, and Ivo Ullman. "Outdoor lighting versus surveillance camera systems in electrical substations ČEPS." In 2015 16th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2015.7161103.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Rusu, Alexandru Viorel, Catalin Daniel Galatanu, and Dorin Dumitru Lucache. "Luminance Uniformity Analysis Based on Digital Camera Measurements." In 2020 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe50722.2020.9305547.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Brebenariu, Daniel, and Catalin Daniel Galatanu. "Measuring Luminance with Digital Photometric Camera in Short Tunnels." In 2020 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe50722.2020.9305545.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ray, L., and M. Kulkarni. "“Computation and correction of dynamic white balance in the automotive cameras”." In 2019 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wiecon-ece48653.2019.9019907.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Sasaki, Masato, Takashi Nagamatsu, and Kentaro Takemura. "Screen corner detection using polarization camera for cross-ratio based gaze estimation." In ETRA '19: 2019 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319814.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Tchanche, Bertrand. "The Necessity of Sustainable and Affordable Energy Solutions for Industrial Companies in Cameroon." In 1st International e-Conference on Energies. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ece-1-c007.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Skoczylas, Marcin, and Wojciech Walendziuk. "Multiple Camera Based Real-Time Locating System for Unmanned Air Vehicle." In 2018 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icepe.2018.8559665.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "ELE al Camerun"

1

P.O., Cerutti, Artati Y., Dermawan A., Kelly A., Lescuyer G., Mejia E., Obidzinski K., et al. Opciones de políticas para mejorar la integración de los mercados nacionales de madera en el marco de los acuerdos voluntarios de asociación (AVA): Síntesis de las lecciones aprendidas en Camerún, la República Democrática del Congo, Ecuador, Gabón e Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005232.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'ELE al Camerun' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography