Journal articles on the topic 'Elbow Lake'

OBJECTIVE: This study examined intra- and inter-individual variability in upper limb movements of ballet dancers when performing flapping swan-wing movements, and it assessed differences in joint angles of upper limbs between dancers of different skill levels. METHODS: 23 female ballet dancers (3 professional, 6 advanced, and 14 intermediate dancers) and 21 age-matched females without previous dance experience participated in this study. Thirty-three reflective markers were attached to each participant’s trunk and upper limbs, and the flapping upper limb motions from Swan Lake were subsequently captured with eight optical cameras. Peak values of upper limb joint angles (shoulder, elbow, and wrist joint) were obtained, and intra- and inter-individual movement variability of each joint angle were compared between groups. RESULTS: In joint angles of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist, there were few differences among professional, advanced, and intermediate groups. The intra-individual movement variability in upward arm movements was significantly larger for professional and control groups than for advanced and intermediate groups, while in downward arm movement, variability became significantly smaller as technical level increased. Moreover, inter-individual movement variability was larger in the upward arm movement as technical level increased, and smaller in the downward arm movement for the professional group. The results suggested that the upward arm movements reflect dancers’ individual expression, while the downward arm movements reflect their technical competence at this swan-like movement. CONCLUSION: The complicated swan-like movements performed by skilled dancers in this study indicate that they execute expressive and technical components in sequence.

Introduction: Scrub typhus is public health problem in South East Asian Region and also it is of rising concern in India. Eastern part of Maharashtra state is highly vulnerable to the disease as it is under forest cover. This region is presently witnessing outbreak of scrub typhus. The present case control study aims to understand determinants of the scrub typhus in this geographical location. Material & Methods: Operational definition for scrub typhus cases used in present study was “Individuals who are positive for IgM Elisa of Scrub typhus”. Cases of scrub typhus reported to health system that comply with the operational definition were recruited. Individually matched controls were selected from the same village. Matching was done for age, sex, socioeconomic status and residence. Total 16 cases and 32 controls were enrolled and compared for socio-demographic, environmental and behavioral domains. Results: Clinical menifestations among cases were Fever, malaise, headache, escahar and rash. The most common sites of escar was groin 3 (42.8%), followed by suprascapular region 2 (28.6%), axilla 1(14.3%) and elbow 1 (14.3%). The risk factors for scrub typhus were vegetations around household within 3 feet range, length of grass blade more than 2 feet, routine work in shrub, engaging in forest related work and activities aroud lake with the odds 5.41 (1.13-25.83), 5.6 (1.24-25.49), 3.66 (1.04- 12.9) 4.2 (1.02-18.02) and 4.59 (1.25-16.77) respectively. Conclusion: Apart from other known risk factors, present study ascertained activities around lake, closeness of vegetations to the household (less than 3 feet) and length of grass blade (more than 2 feet) as new risk factors. These findings may be helpful in developing targeted intervention strategies to control scrub typhus.

Background: Stand-up paddleboarding (SUP) is a water sport that has gained in popularity. Still, very little is known about its injury profile. Purpose: To analyze the incidence, mechanisms, and risk factors for SUP-related injuries in mainly calm waters and the use of safety equipment. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The authors distributed an online survey that gathered information on characteristics, injury history over the past 12 months, use of (safety) equipment, and health issues of SUP riders in German-speaking countries. Results: A total of 438 participants completed the survey. The mean participant age was 45 years (range, 8-82 years), 48% were female athletes, and 19.6% took part in competitions. Over the past 12 months, 72 (17%) of 431 respondents experienced a SUP-related injury, resulting in an overall incidence rate (IR) of 1.95 injuries per 1000 hours of activity. Male competitive athletes using a hardboard had the highest risk of injury. The IR for competitive riders was higher (3.21 injuries per 1000 hours) than that for recreational riders (1.41 injuries per 1000 hours). Mechanisms of injury were overuse (n = 29) and contact with the board (n = 18) or ground (n = 12). Injuries affected mainly muscles/tendons and joints of the upper arm/shoulder (n = 20), followed by wrist/hand (n = 18), knee (n = 16), elbow/forearm (n = 12), and foot (n = 11). The highest risk of injury occurred when paddling in wild water (33.3%), followed by SUP surfing (29.4%), and the lowest risk occurred while paddling on a lake (16.1%). A life vest was always used by 27, depending on the situation by 201, and never by 202 participants; a leash was always used by 161, depending on the situation by 244, and never by 26 participants. Of the 272 participants who paddled in winter, 253 wore a drysuit or wetsuit, whereas 19 paddled without any special clothing. Conclusion: SUP-related injuries predominantly happened in wild water or while SUP surfing, and male competitive athletes using a hardboard had the highest risk of injury. The main mechanisms of injury were overuse and hitting the board or ground. The upper extremity was more prone to injury, followed by the knee and foot. More effort should be made to educate paddlers on the necessity and correct use of the life vest, leash, and specialized outfits.

Kota Semarang merupakan kota metropolitan terbesar ke-5 se-Indonesia dengan angka kecelakaan lalu lintas yang dapat dikatakan tinggi. Dalam laporan tahunan Satlantas Kota Semarang dari tahun 2017, 2018 berurutan telah terjadi sebanyak 936 kasus dan 1.008 kasus. Kemudian pada tahun 2019 dengan hasil rekap sampai dengan bulan Agustus terjadi sebanyak 909 kasus. Untuk mengetahui pola kecelakaan dalam mengolah data Laka Lantas dapat menggunakan sebuah metode penambangan data yang disebut data mining. Menggunakan teknik clustering dengan algoritma K-Means untuk menghasilkan pola dalam ekstraksi informasi, yang dikombinasikan dengan teknik optimasi kluster yaitu metode Elbow. Penelitian ini menggunakan proses uji coba manual dan aplikasi RStudio. Perhitungan manual menggunakan uji coba jumlah K=2 sampai K=10 dengan penerapan metode Elbow menggunakan perhitungan nilai SSE (Sum of Square Error) pada tiap kluster. Pada grafik selisih SSE tiap kluster menunjukan patahan siku pada jumlah K=3. Perhitungan komputasi dengan aplikasi RStudio menghasilkan grafik selisih SSE dengan patahan siku pada jumlah K=3. Kemudian dengan menggunakan jumlah K=3 diimplementasikan kedalam Algoritma K-Means pada RStudio. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan dengan data Laka Lantas periode bulan Oktober 2018 sampai bulan Juli 2019 menghasilkan tiga segmentasi data.

Abstract Lakes have an important role in hydrological and biochemical cycle. It also has some other crucial role such as domestic and industrial water use as well as irigation. The monitoring and management of this aquatic resources is crucial. But with many numbers of lakes, it is very challenging to manage them all. Clustering lakes can provide the answer so the management of the same cluster lakes may be done efficiently. Within this study, morphometry data of 6 lakes in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, were analyzed by using one of artificial intelligence branch which is machine learning. Morphometrical data are collected by using information geographic system. These data then categorized by using python language. This categorization based on data mining categorization algorithm named K-means. Based on the K-means machine learning clustering, the optimum cluster based on Elbow methid is k=3. But there is a possibility to look around for k=2. Based on K=3, cluster 3 is defined as the lowest values of all atribute. Based on k=2, the lowest value of morphometry data wiil be in the cluster 1.. These data will not only provide basic data such as total area, shape, width and length, but also help to understand the large scale hydrological models.

Background: The lateral humeral condylus fracture in a child can be difficult to diagnose because the bones of a child not ossification yet. This resulted the fracture is difficult to see or even pass in viewing. In management, the lateral humeral condylus fracture in children has controversy, between non-operative and operative (especially in fracture with minimal displace). This case report discusses the case of the humeral lateral condyle fracture in a two-year-old child and discusses its treatment.Case: A two-years-old boy was delivered by his parents to the Emergency Room (ER) in the Wangaya Regional General Hospital Denpasar with complaints of pain in the left elbow since a day ago. Complaints appear after the patient falls on the floor in his home while playing with his brother. On physical examination of the upper extremity, the left elbow is swollen at the elbow with minimal deformity without an open wound. In manage it, open reduction surgery is performed by apply Kirschner-wire and then backslab is placed on the left arm with supination and 30o flexion positions.Conclusions: Difficulties in diagnosing humeral lateral condylus fractures in children are due to the fact that there are still many condyle plates that have not ossification yet, so that it is difficult for radiological examination to see the fracture line. The operative actions that can be taken are open reduction with the installation of Kirschner-wire. Latar Belakang: Fraktur kondilus lateral humerus pada anak dapat sulit terdiagnosis akibat tulang anak yang belum terosifikasi. Hal ini mengakibatkan gambaran fraktur sulit terlihat atau bahkan terlewati. Dalam penatalaksanaanya, fraktur kondilus lateral humerus pada anak memiliki kontroversi, antara non-operatif dan operatif (terutama pada fraktur dengan pergeseran minimal). Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk membahas kasus fraktur kondilus lateral humerus pada anak umur dua tahun dan membahas tatalaksananya.Kasus: Seorang anak laki-laki berumur dua tahun diantar oleh orangtuanya ke Unit Gawat Darurat (UGD) Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Wangaya Denpasar dengan keluhan nyeri pada siku kiri sejak satu hari yang lalu. Keluhan muncul setelah pasien terjatuh di lantai rumah saat sedang bermain dengan saudaranya. Pada pemeriksaan fisik ekstremitas atas, pada siku kiri didapatkan bengkak pada siku dengan deformitas minimal tanpa disertai luka terbuka. Dalam penanganannya, dilakukan tindakan operasi reduksi terbuka dengan pemasangan Kirschner-wire kemudian dipasang backslab pada lengan kiri dengan posisi supinasi dan fleksi 30o.Simpulan: Dalam mendiagnosis fraktur kondilus lateral humerus pada anak diakibatkan masih banyak lempeng kondilus yang masih belum terosifikasi, sehingga pada pemeriksaan radiologis sulit melihat garis frakturnya. Tindakan operatif yang dapat dilakukan berupa reduksi terbuka dengan pemasangan Kirschner-wire.

An extremely important institution among the Indians of the Southeast in the historic period, the calumet ceremony was first recognized by French adventurers in the Upper Mississippi Valley and Great Lakes region in the mid-seventeenth century. By the end of the century the ceremony was universal among Lower Mississippi Valley groups. A major focus of calumet literature in recent years has been on the timing of and the mechanism for the introduction of this ceremony in the Eastern Woodlands. Some have argued for prehistoric roots, while others have supported a historic development. A study of the spatiotemporal distribution of catlinite pipes is one way to address these issues, because such pipes are the principal archaeological expression of the ceremony. This paper focuses on the two most common catlinite pipe forms: disk pipes and elbow pipes. Overall, both forms are rare in the Southeast, but relatively they are widespread. The disk type has the greatest range and is also the earlier of the two forms, primarily being found during the protohistoric period. It is proposed here, however, that calumet introduction was coincident with the elbow catlinite form that first appeared in the Southeast in the mid-to-late seventeenth century. It is believed that calumet ceremonialism was spreading into the southern portion of the Lower Mississippi Valley at about the same time as the first French explorers were entering the area from the north.

AbstrakKecelakaan lalu lintas (laka lantas) di Sulawesi Tenggara perlu mendapatkan penanganan yang efektif karena menyebabkan korban meninggal dunia yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Salah satu langkah penanganan adalah analisis karakteristik laka lantas yang berhubungan dengan korban meninggal dunia. Analisis karakteristik laka lantas dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan faktor penyebab kecelakaan, jenis kecelakaan, dan waktu kejadian.Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan algoritma Classification based on Predictive Association Rules (CPAR) pada data mining untuk analisa karakteristik laka lantas. Algoritma CPAR menghasilkan Class Association Rules (CARs), selanjutnya CARs digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik laka lantas yang berhubungan dengan korban meninggal dunia.Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa faktor yang menyebabkan korban meninggal dunia pada kasus laka lantas adalah faktor manusia (berkendara dibawah pengaruh alkohol dan berkendara melebihi batas kecepatan) dan faktor lingkungan fisik (prasarana jalan yang rusak dan jalan dengan tikungan tajam). Jenis kecelakaan (tunggal dan depan-depan), waktu kejadian (tanggal 8-14, hari Senin dan Selasa, jam 13:00-18:59), jenis kendaraan (sepeda motor) dan merek kendaraan (Honda), berpotensi menimbulkan korban meninggal pada kasus laka lantas. Pengendara sepeda motor rentan menjadi korban pada kasus laka lantas. Pengujian akurasi menggunakan 10-fold cross validation Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata akurasi algoritma CPAR lebih tinggi yaitu 48,75% dibandingkan dengan algoritma PRM yaitu 41,13%. Kata kunci— data mining, algoritma CPAR, kecelakaan lalu lintas Abstract Traffic accident in Southeast Sulawesi needs to get treatment more effective. One of the handling is analysis of traffic accident characteristic and then it was related to the death. Analysis of trafiic accident characteristics can be done with the approach factors the cause of the accident, the kind of an accident, and time genesis.This Research apply CPAR algorithm on the data mining to analyze the characteristics of traffic accident. CPAR Algorithm produce Class Association Rules (CARs) that used to describe traffic accident characteristics related to the death.Results of research, that the factors that caused the victim died in traffic accident is human factors (driving under the influence of alcohol and driving exceed the speed) and environmental factors physical (road infrastructure and damaged roads with elbow). Types of accidents (in the singular and home-front), time genesis (on 8-14, reported Monday and Tuesday, hours 1:00 pm-6:59 pm), the type of vehicle (motorcycle), potentially causing the death toll in the case laka then. Motorcycle drivers are prone to fall victim in that case laka then. Testing accuracy using 10-fold cross validation test result show that on average these accuracy algorithm CPAR 48.75%, higher than the algorithm PRM 41.13%. Keywords— data mining, CPAR algorithm, traffic accident

Attention to the dimensions of the human body has actually existed since centuries ago. Even philosophers, artists, and architects admire the size of the human body. The design of ancient worship such as the Greek temple is the result of the design collected from the proportional measures of various members of the human body. This study aims to explore the proportion of golden section found in the human body both men and women. Methods of data collection using anthropometric data of Indonesian people. Further data is analyzed proportion using golden section. The results of this study indicate that the human-Indonesian body contained the value of Golden Section proportion is the ratio between the height of the elbow standing with height; hip height with standing eye height; tall sitting eyes with a sitting vertical range; Vertical reach sits with standing vertical range; Knee height with sitting height. The value of the proportion of the golden section contained in the human body applies to both men and women. The results of this study can be an early reference findings, that the human body contained the value of the proportion of golden section. These findings still need to be explored with further research, given the problem of the proportion of golden section associated with the numbers so it requires accuracy of measurement data. Keyword: Anthropometry, Proportion, Golden Section Abstrak: Perhatian terhadap dimensi tubuh manusia sebenarnya sudah ada sejak berabad-abad silam. Bahkan para filsuf, seniman, dan arsitek mengagumi ukuran-ukuran tubuh manusia. Perancangan peribadatan kuno seperti kuil Yunani merupakan hasil rancangan yang terkumpul dari ukuran-ukuran yang proporsional dari berbagai anggota tubuh manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi proporsi golden section yang terdapat pada tubuh manusia baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan data antropometri orang Indonesia. Selanjutnya data dianalisis proporsinya menggunakan golden section. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada tubuh manusia-Indonesia terkandung nilai proporsi Golden Section yaitu perbandingan antara tinggi siku berdiri dengan tinggi badan; tinggi pinggul dengan tinggi mata berdiri; tinggi mata duduk dengan jangkauan vertikal duduk; Jangkauan vertikal duduk dengan jangkauan vertikal berdiri; Tinggi lutut dengan tinggi duduk. Nilai proporsi golden section yang dikandung pada tubuh manusia berlaku baik pada Laki-laki maupun perempuan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi awal temuan, bahwa tubuh manusia terkandung nilai proporsi golden section. Temuan ini masih perlu didalami dengan penelitian lanjutan, mengingat persoalan proporsi golden section berkaitan dengan angka-angka sehingga memerlukan akurasi dan ketepatan data-data pengukuran. Kata Kunci: Antropometri, Proporsi, Goden Section

ABSTRACT Supracondylar humeral fractures are the most common paediatric elbow fractures. However, open supracondylar humeral fractures are rarely found in children. In developing countries, delayed treatment is common, and patient can present to hospital as neglected case. The aim of this article is to report immediate surgical treatment in neglected case of open supracondylar humeral fracture. A case of 16-year-old boy who suffered from neglected open left supracondylar humeral fracture was reported. He had history of traffic accident 10 days before admission, and was treated by traditional bone setter. He has already undergone surgery by debridement and followed by an open reduction with cross K-wire internal fixation, and external support post operatively. The fracture has already reduced and fixated well postoperatively. Immediate surgical treatment of neglected open supracondylar humeral fractures is recommended to achieve the best reduction of the fractures and prevent the infection.Key words: Surgical Treatment; Neglected Case, Open Fracture, Supracondylar Humeral ABSTRAK Fraktur humerus suprakondiler merupakan fraktur yang paling sering pada siku anak-anak. Namun, fraktur terbuka humerus suprakondiler jarang ditemukan pada anak-anak. Di negara berkembang, sering dijumpai penanganan yang tertunda, dan pasien bisa datang ke rumah sakit dalam keadaan sebagai kasus yang terabaikan. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk melaporkan penanganan pembedahan segera pada kasus fraktur terbuka humerus suprakondiler yang terabaikan.Dilaporkan seorang anak laki-laki berusia 16 tahun yang menderita fraktur humerus suprakondiler kiri yang terabaikan. Dia memiliki riwayat kecelakaan lalu lintas 10 hari sebelum datang ke rumah sakit, dan awalnya ditangani oleh dukun sangkal putung tradisional. Dia telah menjalani operasi dengan debridemen dan diikuti oleh reduksi terbuka dan pemasangan fiksasi internal menggunakan k-wire silang, dan pemasangan slab gips eksternal pasca operasi. Hasil pasca operasi menunjukkan bahwa fraktur tereduksi dan terfiksasi dengan baik. Penanganan pembedahan segera untuk fraktur terbuka humerus suprakondiler yang terabaikan direkomendasikan untuk mendapatkan reduksi terbaik dari fraktur dan mencegah infeksi.Kata kunci: Penanganan Pembedahan; Kasus Terabaikan, Fraktur Terbuka, Humerus Suprakondiler

Background:Treat-to-target strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have shown significant improvements in therapy outcomes. Nevertheless, it usually takes a minimum of 12 weeks before clinical assessment of treatment response can be made. Quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) has shown potential to predict clinical response at a very early stage in the treatment in RA patients.(1) In particular, macrophage imaging by [11C]-(R)-PK11195 PET allows for highly sensitive and specific imaging of RA disease activity.(2,3)Objectives:To determine whether quantitative assessment using [11C]-(R)-PK11195 PET/CT imaging at 0-2 weeks is associated with subsequent clinical response to therapy with methotrexate and step-down prednisolone (COBRA-light) therapy in therapy-naive RA patients.Methods:Whole body [11C]-(R)-PK11195 PET/CT scans were performed at baseline and after two weeks of treatment in thirty-five clinically active and therapy-naive RA patients and at least two clinically inflamed joints. All patients were DMARD-naïve and received medication according to the COBRA-light schedule. (4) Clinical follow up with DAS44 assessment was performed at 0, 2 and 13 weeks of treatment. PET/CT scans were visually assessed by two experienced readers blinded to clinical data and quantitatively analyzed using in-house software. Regions of interest (ROIs) with a fixed size per joint (on both visual PET positive and negative joints) were placed on shoulders, elbows, hips, knees and hand and feet joints, with the CT-scan as anatomical reference. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) normalized for body weight were calculated in these ROIs to determine the amount of tracer uptake per joint. SPSS version 22.0 was used to perform regression analyses. The sum of visually positive joints and the average SUV in hand joints, feet joints and all joints in the body were compared with DAS44 scores.Results:Included patients were mostly male (51%) and aged 54 ± 12. Baseline DAS44 was 3.2 ± 1.0; all but one of the thirty-five patients demonstrated visually enhanced tracer uptake in one or more joints on PET/CT. A total of 171 (out of 1470) joints (12%) were visually PET positive at baseline. Over 90% of PET positive sites were located either in the wrists (15%), small hand joints (37%), or small feet joints (40%; Figure 1A). After 2 weeks, the number of PET positive joints had decreased to 100, with the highest decrease in quantitative uptake in feet joints (Figure 1B). Notably, both visual and quantitative PET data at baseline and differences between baseline and 2 weeks did not correlate with DAS44 at 13 weeks (DAS44-13wks). However, at 2 weeks, the average SUV in the feet (SUVfeet-2wks) – but not average SUVhands-2wks or average SUVtotalbody-2wks – was significantly correlated with DAS44-13wks (R2 = 0.14, p = 0.04). DAS44-2wks and SUVfeet-2wks both contributed independent information to the prediction DAS44-13wks (combined R2 = 0.297, p < 0.01).Figure 1.Changes in [11C]-(R)-PK11195 uptake in MTP joints of a RA patient, before (A) and 2 weeks after initiation of COBRA light treatment (B).Conclusion:Quantitative macrophage PET assessment in feet joints after 2 weeks of COBRA light treatment in early RA patients correlates with clinical response after 3 months of treatment. This correlation further increases when combined with the DAS44 score at 2 weeks. Therefore, quantitative, non-invasive macrophage PET/CT, especially when combined with early clinical assessment, may be useful for early assessment of response to treatment. Further studies will help optimize timing and focus of the PET examination in prediction of treatment response.References:[1]Elzinga EH, et al. J Nucl Med. 2011; 52(1):77-80.[2]Van der Laken CJ et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Nov;58(11):3350-5.[3]Gent YY, et al. J Rheumatol. 2014; 41: 2145-52[4]Den Uyl D, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(6):1071-8.Disclosure of Interests:Nicki J.F. Verweij: None declared, Marieke ter Wee: None declared, Jerney de Jongh: None declared, Gerben C.J. Zwezerijnen: None declared, Maqsood Yaqub: None declared, Dirkjan van Schaardenburg: None declared, Alexandre Voskuyl: None declared, WIllem Lems Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Galapagos, Eli Lilly, Amgen, UCB, Curaphar, Consultant of: Pfizer, Galapagos, Eli Lilly, Amgen, UCB, Curaphar, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Adriaan A. Lammertsma Consultant of: Roche, Maarten Boers Consultant of: Novartis, BMS, Pfizer, Conny J. van der Laken Consultant of: Novartis, Pfizer, Abbvie, UCB, BMS, GSK, Galapagos, Grant/research support from: Novartis, Pfizer, Abbvie, UCB, BMS, GSK, Galapagos

A Keno Trailed vessel was discovered by J. A. Walters in 1967 at the Spoonbill Caddo site (41WD109) on the east side of Caney Creek in Wood County, Texas. The site is on a terrace 0.75 miles from Caney Creek, and 0.5 miles east of Crane Lake, a natural lake in the Caney Creek floodplain. The Spoonbill site was later investigated by Southern Methodist University archaeologists in 1 CJ79, prior to the creation of Lake Fork Reservoir. During construction of the reservoir, the portion of the site excavated by Mr. Walters was destroyed by new road construction. Mr. Walters excavated a cemetery containing 15 burials (covering a 16-21 m diameter area), laid out in an east-west direction. The Keno Trailed vessel was from grave lot #8. Other grave goods included Harleton Appliqued, Simms Engraved (hub-cap variety), Nash Neck Banded, and Taylor Engraved, along with a clay elbow pipe.

Ceramic pipes are an important part of the ancestral Caddo material culture in all parts of the Caddo area from as early as ca. A.D. 800, and there are also ceramic pipes known from Woodland period sites in the Caddo area. The Caddo pipe forms known include long–stemmed (up to 61 cm in length) Red River pipes, elbow pipes of several varieties, and platform pipes. All three pipe forms are known from Caddo sites at Lake Sam Rayburn in the Angelina River basin in East Texas.

The Walter Bell site (41SB50) at Lake Sam Rayburn in the Neches–Angelina river basins in the deep East Texas Pineywoods was excavated by an National Park Service team in 1957. This was a small prehistoric Caddo farmstead or hamlet with two circular houses, a portion of a third house in the area of House 2, midden deposits, and six burials. Based on the kinds of artifacts found at the site (i.e., clay elbow pipes, a high proportion of brushed utility ware sherds from Broaddus Brushed vessels, and lower proportions of Pineland Punctated–Incised vessel sherds), the Walter Bell site was apparently occupied after ca. A.D. 1450–1500, in the Late Caddo period. Four of the burials (Burials 1–3 and 6) were in close association (either inside the house and underneath the house floor) with House 1, one (Burial 4) was inside House 2, and Burial 5 was in an open area, possibly a courtyard or work area between the two Caddo houses. Funerary offerings placed with the deceased included ceramic vessels, Perdiz arrow points, conch shell beads, deer ulna tools and deer food offerings, mussel shells, and engraved bird bone flageolets.

The Grace Creek #1 site (41GG33, GC–1) was situated on a natural alluvial rise on the east side of Grace Creek, about 0.4 km north of its confluence with the Sabine River. On the north side of the site was an abandoned Sabine River lake bed, while to the south was an old channel, as well as a channel lake (Muddy Lake), of the Sabine River. Jones divided the site into three areas (A, B, and C); a midden deposit was apparently located in Area B on the central part of the rise. Buddy Calvin Jones identified and worked at the Grace Creek #1 site between 1954 and 1956, while the site was being destroyed for the construction of an earthen dike along Grace Creek and the Sabine River. In addition to the extensive surface collection of projectile points, lithic tools, and ceramic sherds he found there, in areas A–C, Jones also conducted limited excavations in areas where apparently organically–stained soil and possible feature stains were noted on the scraped surface of the site. In these excavations, he documented midden deposits, a flexed burial in the midden deposits in Area B, two pit features in this area, and several small (ca. 10 cm in diameter) post holes in Area C. Jones' map of the site did not indicate the location of the excavations in Area C, but Jones suggested that aboriginal houses were likely present here. The ceramic artifacts discussed in this article are from a fire pit in Area B that was excavated by Buddy Jones in October 1956. There are also a number of arrow points in the collections from the site, as well as a large ceramic elbow pipe. These materials are in the collections of the Gregg County Historical Museum in Longview, Texas.

The Cherokee Lake site was discovered by Buddy Calvin Jones in 1956, after a terrace area along Tiawichi Creek, inundated by the construction of Lake Cherokee in 1947, had been graded for the constmction of fish hatcheries there. Jones identified a single burial and a large storage pit in Area A at the southern end of the terrace, where there was a shallow (0-30 em bs) midden deposit. The burial in Area A is an Historic Nadaco Caddo grave that probably dates to the early 18th century based on the recovery of 15 blue glass beads. This strand of beads was placed near the legs of the deceased individual. The Caddo person had been placed in an extended supine position in a pit that was 1.83 m long and 0.76 em in width, with the head facing towards the west. The estimated depth of the grave was 0.76 m, and its fill was a dark charcoal-stained midden. In addition to the strand of glass beads, three ceramic vessels had been placed as funerary offerings in the grave along with a Fresno arrow point by the upper left leg. One Simms Engraved vessel was on the left side of the body, near the foot of the grave, while a second Simms Engraved vessel had been placed by the individual's right foot, along with a Maydelle Incised jar. A plain clay elbow pipe had been placed inside the jar. Two of the vessels from this burial have been recently documented in the collections of the Gregg County Historical Museum in Longview, Texas; the Maydelle Incised vessel is no longer in the collection.

The Cherokee Lake site (41RK132), also called the Tiawichi Creek Burial site, was discovered by Buddy Calvin Jones in 1956, on a terrace area along Tiawichi Creek at its confluence with Mill Creek, inundated by the construction of Lake Cherokee in 1947, that had been graded for the construction of fish hatcheries there. Tiawichi Creek is a tributary stream in the mid–Sabine River basin. Jones identified a single burial and a large storage pit in Area A at the southern end of the terrace, where there was a shallow (0–30 cm bs) midden deposit. The burial in Area A is an Historic Nadaco Caddo grave that probably dates to the early 18th century based on the recovery of 15 blue glass beads. This strand of beads was placed near the legs of the deceased individual. The Caddo person had been placed in an extended supine position in a pit that was 1.83 m long and 0.76 cm in width, with the head facing towards the west. The estimated depth of the grave was 0.76 m, and its fill was a dark charcoal–stained midden. In addition to the strand of glass beads, three ceramic vessels had been placed as funerary offerings in the grave along with a Fresno arrow point by the upper left leg. One Simms Engraved vessel was on the left side of the body, near the foot of the grave, while a second Simms Engraved vessel had been placed by the individual’s right foot, along with a Maydelle Incised jar. A plain clay elbow pipe had been placed inside the jar. A storage pit excavated by Jones in Area A at the Cherokee Lake site appears to have been primarily associated with a pre–A.D. 1200 Caddo occupation, based on the recovery of Hickory Engraved and Dunkin Incised pottery sherds, long–stemmed Red River clay pipe sherds, and Catahoula, Alba, and Bonham arrow points. This occupation probably created the midden deposits found in Area A. In this article, I discuss ceramic sherds collected by Jones from Area A at the Cherokee Lake site. Some of the sherds were surface collected in March 1956 from the midden deposits, but it is not clear if this ceramic sherd assemblage is part of the sample of 300 sherds discussed by Jones from an Area A surface collection. The present ceramic sherd assemblage is curated at the Gregg County Historical Museum (GCHM).

Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out the profile of muscle strength on elderly at BPLU Senja Cerah Paniki Bawah. This was a descriptive study with cross sectional design. There were 26 respondents who met the inclusion criteria, consisted of 10 elderly men and 16 elderly women. Respondents were selected by using purposive sampling method. The measurements of the muscle strength were done by using 1 RM method while doing elbow flexion, elbow extension, shoulder flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder abduction, knee flexion, knee extension and dorsoflexion. Data were analyzed manually and computerized then presented in tabular form. The result shows that the average muscle strength in elderly men were greater than women and the average muscle strength of respondents that were included in the age group 60-79 years old were greater than those in 80-99 years.Keywords: muscle strength, elderly.1 RMAbstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran kekuatan otot pada Lansia di BPLU Senja Cerah Paniki Bawah. Penelitian ini merupakan peneliltian deskriptif dengan rancangan potong lintang. Responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi terdiri dari 26 orang yang terdiri dari 10 orang laki-laki dan 16 orang perempuan. Sampel dipilih menggunakan cara purposive sampling. Kekuatan otot pada lansia diukur dengan menggunakan metode 1 RM yang diukur pada gerakan fleksi siku, ekstensi siku, fleksi bahu, ekstensi bahu, abduksi bahu, fleksi lutut, ekstensi lutut serta dorsofleksi. Data yang sudah didapatkan kemudian dikumpul dan diolah secara manual dan komputerisasi serta disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kekuatan otot responden laki-laki lebih besar dibanding perempuan dan rerata kekuatan responden yang termasuk dalam kelompok umur 60-79 tahun lebih besar dibanding kelompok umur 80-99 tahun.Kata kunci: kekuatan otot, lansia, 1 RM.

Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which was first identified in 1841. However, this condition was recognized centuries earlier. This disease affects the outer side of elbows, knees, and scalps. In psoriatic patients, skin cells regenerate faster than their normal rate (28 days), which is approximately every 2 days. This study aimed to obtain the profile of psoriatic cases in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from January to December 2012. This was a descriptive and retrospective study on the number of cases, number of patients, sex, age, and occupation of patients, as well as types of treatment of psoriasis. The results showed that of 48 cases of psoriasis (1.21%), the highest number of cases found was psoriasis vulgaris (58%), affecting males (56.25%), and in the age group of 45-64 years old (58.33%). The majority of the patients had unknown occupation (31.25%) and the most common type of treatment was a combination therapy of topical corticosteroid and antihistamine (29.17%).Keywords: psoriasisAbstrak: Psoriasis adalah penyakit kulit kronik dan meradang yang diidentifikasi sejak tahun 1841 namun kemunculannya telah diketahui beberapa abad sebelumnya. Penyakit ini mengenai bagian luar siku, lutut atau kulit kepala. Pada psoriasis sel-sel kulit tumbuh terlalu cepat yang biasanya pada orang normal terjadi 28 hari, sedangkan pada pasien psoriasis berlangsung lebih cepat yaitu sekitar 2 hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan profil psoriasis di RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari-Desember 2012. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif tentang jumlah kasus, jumlah pasien, jenis kelamin, umur, pekerjaan, dan jenis pengobatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 48 kasus psoriasis (1,21%), terbanyak ialah kasus psoriasis vulgaris (58%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (56,25%), dan kelompok umur 45-64 tahun (58,33%). Pekerjaan terbanyak ialah yang tidak diketahui pekerjaanya (31,25%), dan jenis pengobatan yang terbanyak ialah terapi kombinasi kortikosteroid topikal dan antihistamin (29,17%).Kata kunci: psoriasis

Abstract: Psoriasis is a skin disease that belongs to erythrosquamous dermatosis, characterized by erythema and scaling. Psoriasis are usually localized on the elbows, knees, and scalp, however, it can spread to almost all areas of the body. Its causes are still not known for certain but it is suspected that this disease is related to genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of psoriasis in the Dermatovenereology Clinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from January 2013 to December 2015. This was a retrospective descriptive study using the medical record data. The results showed that of 3573 new cases of skin diseases, 188 were classified as psoriasis (5.26%). The majority of psoriasis cases were males (57.98%), aged 45-64 years (50.53%), occupation as housewife (16.48%), and diagnosed as psoriasis vulgaris (80.85%). Psoriasis typically found in the head, body, and extremities was found in 73.94% of cases. The most common type of treatment was a combination of topical corticosteroid and oral antihistamine (68.62%).Keywords: psoriasis, erythrosquamous dermatosis Abstrak: Psoriasis merupakan salah satu jenis penyakit kulit yang termasuk dalam golongan dermatosis eritroskuamosa, ditandai dengan adanya eritema dan skuama. Letak psoriasis dapat terlokalisir, misalnya pada siku, lutut, kulit kepala, atau menyerang hampir 100% luas tubuhnya. Penyebabnya belum diketahui secara pasti, namun diduga penyakit ini di[engaruhi oleh faktor genetik, imunologik, dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan profil psoriasis di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2013 – Desember 2015. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 3573 kunjungan baru penyakit kulit, terdapat 188 kasus baru psoriasis (5,26%). Mayoritas kasus ialah laki-laki (57,98%), usia 45-64 tahun (50,53%), pekerjaan tersering ibu rumah tangga (16,48%), dan diagnosis sebagai psoriasis vulgaris (80,85%). Psoriasis paling banyak mengenai kepala, badan, dan ekstremitas (73,94%). Terapi yang paling sering digunakan ialah kombinasi kortikosteroid topikal dan antihistamin oral (68,62%). Kata kunci: psoriasis, dermatosis eritroskuamosa

Abstract. UKM Tahu Barokah is one of the tofu industries in Merangin Regency, Jambi Province. The traditional tofu-making process has resulted in some workers, especially in the filtering process resulted in quite complex pain. This complaint occurs due to repetitive movements and unnatural posture due to the load being lifted. The filtered in the once filtered process is 15 kg. While the recommended load limit that can be lifted manually by men is 10 Kg (1). Based on the existing problems, this research is a purpose to find out the complaints felt by workers, especially using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire, work risk assessment using the Assessment Repetitive Task (ART) method to find out indications of work risks. The results of the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire on screening workers resulted in a score of 9 on the wrist body segment, a score of 8 on the neck, shoulder, and elbow body segments. Risk assessment using the Assessment Repetitive Task (ART) method, shows that leveling, lifting, and pressing work elements produce low to moderate exposure values. The results of the highest exposure score on the swing work element with an exposure score of 27, which indicate that the work is risky and needs improvement. Based on the existing results, a work facility is designed that can minimize work risks in the screening process. The design is based on the body dimensions of the tofu factory workers, the volume that can be filtered using a design filter is increased by 46.87% compared to manual filtration. The results of the proposed design risk assessment show very significant changes to all elements of the work in the screening process. All elements of the screening process work on the proposal screening tool are in a low category. Abstrak. UKM Tahu Barokah merupakan salah satu industri tahu di Kabupaten Merangin, Provinsi Jambi. Proses pembuatan tahu dilakukan secara tradisional, mengakibatkan beberapa pekerja terutama pada proses penyaringan mengeluhkan sakit yang cukup kompleks. Keluhan tersebut terjadi karena adanya gerakan berulang dan postur tidak alamiah akibat beban yang diangkat. Beban yang disaring dalam satu kali proses penyaringan sebesar 15 kg. Sedangkan rekomendasi batas beban yang dapat diangkat secara manual oleh laki-laki adalah 10 Kg (1). Berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keluhan yang dirasakan secara spesifik menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map (NBM), penilaian risiko kerja menggunakan metode Assessment Repetitive Task (ART). Hasil kuesioner Nordic Body Map (NBM) pada pekerja penyaringan menghasilkan nilai sebesar 9 pada segmen tubuh pergelangan tangan, nilai 8 pada segmen tubuh leher, bahu, dan siku. Penilaian risiko dengan Assessment Repetitive Task (ART) method, menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas elemen kerja meratakan, mengangkat, dan mengepress menghasilkan nilai eksposur rendah hingga sedang. Hasil skor eksposur tertinggi pada elemen kerja mengayunkan dengan skor eksposur 27, yang mengindikasikan bahwa pekerjaan tersebut berisiko dan perlu dilakukannya perbaikan. Berdasarkan hasil yang ada dilakukan perancangan fasilitas kerja yang dapat meminimasi risiko kerja pada proses penyaringan. Volume yang dapat disaring menggunakan alat penyaringan rancangan meningkat sebesar 46,87% dibandingkan penyaringan manual. Hasil penilaian risiko rancangan usulan menunjukan perubahan yang sangat signifikan pada seluruh elemen kerja pada proses penyaringan. Seluruh elemen kerja proses penyaringan pada alat penyaringan usulan berada pada kategori rendah.

It was no less than a minister in the Hawke Government who called me the worst thing I have ever been called. Of course he meant well, and he knew no better than what his advisors told him and what his speechwriters wrote. He was opening a new business incubator, where my business partner who was also deaf and I had set up our small business in editing and graphic design, and I was startled when in his speech he described us as two “hearing-impaired businessmen”. I visualised myself in some parallel universe where I was a “hearing-impaired businessman”. I could see an anxious, portly man, clad in a rumpled dark beige suit, a blue business shirt with some faded soup stains, a dark blue tie askew, and flat, sensible lace-up business shoes. This man would just tolerate the “hearing-impaired” moniker because it was endearingly different in a line of work that was often about being different, provided no-one made a song-and-dance about it. “Hearing impairment” would be his cross to bear. He would regard success as the measure of how many clients would not know he was deaf. And for those let in on the secret, exclamations of “I had no idea” would be sweet music to what was left of his ears. Having a Minister of the Crown refer to it at a public gathering would be like taking medicine – unpleasant but probably doing him good in ways he could not understand. This happened more than 20 years ago, and the fact I remember it well revealed the impression it made on me. I had thought to myself, was ‘hearing’ an adjective? Was the minister referring to businessmen whose hearing was impaired? Or was he referring to the act of hearing the noises made by businessmen who in some way were damaged or defective? Of course he meant the former, but it brought home to me how much the idea of being damaged was embedded in “hearing-impaired”. And with complete clarity, I knew this phrase did not describe me – I was not damaged in that way. My discomfort at that briefest of disclosures was a critical landmark on that most personal of journeys: to find out one’s place in the world. While I knew I was many things, for example a dad, a partner, a writer, I could never leave out the Deaf side of me. It was a journey of terminology, but the choices of many contentious words revealed much about my own exploration of what it meant to be deaf. It began soon after I acquired a hearing aid. I was six years old when a silver boxy thing, about the size of a packet of 25 cigarettes, was hitched onto my singlet under my shirt. There was a flesh-coloured cord that looped out from the collar into my ear. In spite of this device, I decided that I was not deaf. In medical terms of course I was: severe to profound bilateral sensori-neural deafness across the speech frequency ranges was the audiologists’ fancy way of saying I could not hear people when they spoke to me. And it was not myself, either; deafness affected two of my three sisters, and my brother. But I was not deaf – that was very clear to me. The word deaf was not uttered in the family home. The code words my mother used were the hearing. She would put it in a context like this: I was down the street and I met Mrs Schneider, and talking to her, she was very interested in the hearing with your family. Much later I asked my mother about this word deaf. She said it was associated with the word dumb. That was not at all surprising. In her time, deaf went with dumb the way bread went with butter. In her mind, deaf and dumb were complementary, and she never really shook off that association. A century ago Deaf people who signed and did not speak, freely acknowledged a mute side of deafness, and even referred to themselves as “doubly afflicted”. If I was not deaf, then what was I? Not being able to answer that question to my satisfaction eventually led to a fling with calling myself “hard of hearing”, But for me, “hard of hearing” became linked with decrepit, bumbling elderly citizens cupping an ear and barking “Whazat? Wha? Wha? Whazat?” This was an unfair stereotype. Such people, who were not at all bumbling types, were my first introduction to deaf people outside the family home. They gathered at the place my sisters and I attended to learn to lipread, at what was then the Australian Association for Better Hearing, and they all used the term “hard of hearing”. I was eight years old, and at that age, adults were impossibly ancient. From that perspective, “hard of hearing” people were very old, slightly stupid and faintly smelly. “Partially deaf” seemed better. This was an each-way bet. It covered those times when I was not deaf, such as when I was with my family, and the times when I was, such as at school. Not once did it occur to me that I might be “partially hearing”. In its own way, “partially deaf”, with its qualified mention of the d-word, captured a growing sense of deafness of the pre-adolescent teenager I was. The expression “oral deaf”, had a briefer vogue. This term recognised I was deaf but in a different kind of way from those whom I dimly perceived at the time were the real Deaf people. These people were defined as being unable to do things I could do, such as speak in a normal voice and carry on a phone conversation of sorts. But they could also do something I could not – communicate fluently in sign language. Whereas “hard-of-hearing” was a subspecies of hearing, oral deaf was a subspecies of deaf, not of hearing, so it had a point. It was at this time the group of young deaf people with whom I associated decided to produce a car-bumper sticker as part of a publicity drive. We rejected Deaf people do it orally, and soon, Deaf people do it with perception graced the rear window of my Torana. I was proud of this slogan, even if took considerable explaining to baffled enquirers. But it was a rare and early indication that there just might be something positive about being deaf. I soon realised that the word “oral” had considerable historical baggage. Dictionaries define oralism as the belief that deaf people should communicate by speech and lipreading, and without sign language. At the time I did not know why there was such a controversy around it, nor could I fathom why most of those in my growing circle of deaf friends did not understand it, or worse, did not want to talk about it. The penultimate term with which I flirted was the commonly used “hearing impaired”. At least from a disability perspective, there are people who are vision impaired and speech impaired. Like “hard-of-hearing”, hearing impaired” hitched such people firmly to the hearing wagon. For many people who acquired deafness gradually, it was palatable. I have settled quite happily on the term “Deaf”. Its capital D is important, but I do not insist on it for myself. After all these decades it is the only term that makes profound sense. In the company of good and aware people, I might suppress an impairment of hearing, but I do not suffer from Deafness; I merely am Deaf. I might overcome hearing impairment, but I can no more overcome being Deaf than I could overcome my elbow or my shoulder or the fact that I am compelled to write. For me, Deafness is a variation on the human condition, an example of the vast diversity of humans, like left-handedness or ethnicity or sexual orientation. No longer do I think in terms of a hearing loss; Deafness gain is what happened to me. There are several things I have learnt from this journey. First, no matter what terminology you feel happiest with, and which you feel suits you best, someone is going to tell you that you are wrong. He or she will insist, with a shrill note of finality, that you are not X, you are Y. That someone is unlikely to be another Deaf person. He or she is more likely to be hearing, or a hearing-impaired person, or a hearing parent. Second, dominating discussions of a Deaf identity are hearing people who never face the question in the same deeply personal way as Deaf and hearing-impaired people themselves. Third, discussion on a Deaf identity is plagued by stereotyping of what deaf people are not supposed to be able to do. For hearing people, what you cannot hear is what defines deafness. Chief among these is an inability to ever hear music. I can only say that music – listening to it, dancing to it, and yes, playing it – has been a normal part of my decades of being a part of the manifold shapes and colours of gatherings of Deaf and hearing-impaired people. It is easy to see this when reading popular accounts of deafness. Hearing-impaired people outnumber Deaf people by a factor of several hundreds. By sheer weight of numbers these accounts reflect themes of silence, conquering, overcoming, and triumph. Overcoming what, precisely? Silence. Such writers talk of deafness when they really mean the impairment of the hearing, because their aim is to be hearing again. And why not? Whether such accounts of hearing impairment have gotten away from this triumphalist approach, I am not sure, but I do know I could not bear to wade through more descriptions of the joy of sound. Thus we have the patter of rain on the roof, the silvery peals of children’s laughter, the waves lapping on the shore, and so on. Of course, each of the senses has a pleasurable aspect to it. One of the memorable scents that I know of is the smell of the earth after a burst of rain following a hot dry spell. But I also remember the revolting stench of a public toilet attached to a remote petrol station and bus stop in the desert of a third world country. All the senses have unpleasant aspects as well. So when I read a long list of pleasurable sounds, their imagined absence that are considered a reason for regarding deaf people as sad and pitiable, I’m reminded of the Monty Python parody of a well known hymn: All things dull and ugly, all creatures short and squat.All things rude and nasty, the Lord God made the lot And so it is with sound. No-one singing the praises of hearing ever refers to the hideous clogged-mucous growling of semi-trailers and their shrieking air brakes, or to the piercing skritter of fingernails scraped down plasterboard, or to any song by Barry Manilow. My sense of deafness as a part of who I am comes from a life-long exploration of deafness, exactly what that poor hearing-impaired businessman will never do. He could not because his narrow definition of deafness, a pallid imitation of what hearing people think it is, blind him to the rich possibilities of what Deafness can be. That gentleman’s life would have been dominated by tension as he negotiated transactions with hearing people. Such tension is universal with any Deaf or hearing-impaired person. Where Deaf people are concerned, the similarity ends because they draw a sustenance that comes from knowing the place of Deafness within oneself, and especially, from the ease of communication with other Deaf people. This businessman would know nothing about that. I think he would be a very lonely man, and devoid of any sense of humour. My exploration of Deafness, which will continue for as long as I live, was inextricably bound up with an exploration of who I was and what was my place in the world, because personal identity is fluid and changing, and has many facets. Deafness is one part of me, but it is not the only part.