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Journal articles on the topic 'Elastomeric substrates'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Gady, B., R. Reifenberger, D. M. Schaefer, R. C. Bowen, D. S. Rimai, L. P. Demejo, and W. Vreeland. "Particle Adhesion to Elastomeric Substrates and Elastomeric Substrates with Semi-Rigid Coatings." Journal of Adhesion 67, no. 1-4 (May 1998): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218469808011097.

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2

Wang, Chao, Andreas Hausberger, Philipp Nothdurft, Jürgen Lackner, and Thomas Schwarz. "The Potential of Tribological Application of DLC/MoS2 Coated Sealing Materials." Coatings 8, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8080267.

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The potential of the combination of hard and soft coating on elastomers was investigated. Diamond-like carbon (DLC), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and composite coatings of these two materials with various DLC/MoS2 ratios were deposited on four elastomeric substrates by means of the magnetron sputtering method. The microstructures, surface energy of the coatings, and substrates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle, respectively. The chemical composition was identified by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). A ball on disc configuration was used as the model test, which was performed under dry and lubricated conditions. Based on the results from the model tests, the best coating was selected for each substrate and subsequently verified in component-like test. There is not one coating that is optimal for all substrates. Many factors can affect the coatings performance. The topography and the rigidity of the substrates are the key factors. However, the adhesion between coatings and substrates, and also the coating processes, can impact significantly on the coatings performance.

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3

Qiao, L., and L. H. He. "Anisotropic dewetting on stretched elastomeric substrates." European Physical Journal E 26, no. 4 (July 7, 2008): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2008-10334-3.

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4

Awang, Robiatun A., Thomas Baum, Kyle J. Berean, Pyshar Yi, Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh, Sharath Sriram, and Wayne S. T. Rowe. "Elastomeric composites for flexible microwave substrates." Journal of Applied Physics 119, no. 12 (March 28, 2016): 124109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945037.

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5

Lacour, Stéphanie Périchon, Sigurd Wagner, Zhenyu Huang, and Z. Suo. "Stretchable gold conductors on elastomeric substrates." Applied Physics Letters 82, no. 15 (April 14, 2003): 2404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1565683.

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6

Chen, Huipeng, Daniel M. Lentz, Alicyn M. Rhoades, Robert A. Pyles, Karl W. Haider, Siva A. Vanapalli, Ryan K. Nunley, and Ronald C. Hedden. "Surface infusion micropatterning of elastomeric substrates." Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 12, no. 1-4 (October 13, 2011): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10404-011-0887-1.

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7

Khodasevych, I. E., C. M. Shah, S. Sriram, M. Bhaskaran, W. Withayachumnankul, B. S. Y. Ung, H. Lin, W. S. T. Rowe, D. Abbott, and A. Mitchell. "Elastomeric silicone substrates for terahertz fishnet metamaterials." Applied Physics Letters 100, no. 6 (February 6, 2012): 061101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3665180.

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8

Mandlik, P., S. P. Lacour, J. W. Li, S. Y. Chou, and S. Wagner. "Fully elastic interconnects on nanopatterned elastomeric substrates." IEEE Electron Device Letters 27, no. 8 (August 2006): 650–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2006.879029.

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9

Görrn, Patrick, Wenzhe Cao, and Sigurd Wagner. "Isotropically stretchable gold conductors on elastomeric substrates." Soft Matter 7, no. 16 (2011): 7177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05705g.

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10

Abu-Khalaf, Jumana, Loiy Al-Ghussain, and Ala’aldeen Al-Halhouli. "Fabrication of Stretchable Circuits on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Pre-Stretched Substrates by Inkjet Printing Silver Nanoparticles." Materials 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 2377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122377.

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Several research methodologies have recently been developed to allow for the patterning of conductive lines on elastomeric rubber substrates. Specifically, various conductive materials, substrates, and fabrication techniques were investigated to develop stretchable circuits. One promising technique recommends the application of axial strain on an elastomer substrate prior to patterning conductive lines on it. When the substrate is released, conductive lines buckle to form waves, making the circuit stretchable. However, the majority of applications of stretchable circuits require fitting them to two-dimensional surfaces, such as the human body. Hence, in this paper we propose the concept of radial pre-stretching of the substrates to enhance the stretchability of the fabricated circuits. In particular, straight silver conductive lines were deposited on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface using inkjet printing technology, and subsequently tested under both axial and radial loads. Radial pre-stretching was compared to axial pre-stretching, resulting in an improved performance under radial loads. The optimal performance was achieved by pre-stretching the PDMS substrate with a radial strain of 27%. This resulted in stretchable circuits which could sustain radial loads with an average breakdown strain of approximately 19%. Additionally, horseshoe patterns were printed on radially pre-stretched PDMS substrates and their performance was compared to that of their straight line counterparts. Though these patterns are generally favorable for the fabrication of stretchable circuits, the optimal horseshoe pattern examined in this study could only sustain up to 16% radial strain on average when radially pre-stretched by 27%.

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11

Xiao, J., H. Jiang, D. –Y Khang, J. Wu, Y. Huang, and J. A. Rogers. "Mechanics of buckled carbon nanotubes on elastomeric substrates." Journal of Applied Physics 104, no. 3 (August 2008): 033543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2968228.

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12

Qin, Qingquan, and Yong Zhu. "Static Friction between Silicon Nanowires and Elastomeric Substrates." ACS Nano 5, no. 9 (August 16, 2011): 7404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn202343w.

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13

Bendall, James S., Ingrid Graz, and Stéphanie P. Lacour. "Zinc Oxide Nanowire Rigid Platforms on Elastomeric Substrates." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 3, no. 8 (July 19, 2011): 3162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am200665q.

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14

YU, SEN-JIANG, YONG-JU ZHANG, and MIAO-GEN CHEN. "COMPARISON OF STRESS RELIEF MECHANISMS OF METAL FILMS DEPOSITED ON LIQUID SUBSTRATES BY THERMAL EVAPORATING AND SPUTTERING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 08 (March 30, 2010): 997–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210054531.

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Various metal film systems, deposited on liquid (silicone oil) substrates by thermal evaporating and DC-magnetron sputtering methods, have been successfully fabricated and the stress relief mechanisms are systematically studied by analyzing the characteristic surface morphologies. The experiment shows that the evaporating metal films can move on silicone oil surfaces freely due to the nearly zero adhesion of solid–liquid interface, which results in spontaneous formation of ordered surface patterns with a characteristic sandwiched structure driven by the internal stress. For the sputtering metal film system, however, the top surface of silicone oil can be modified to form an elastomeric polymer layer on the liquid substrate during deposition. Subsequent cooling of the system creates a higher compressive stress in the film, which is relieved by buckling of the film to form periodic wavy structures because the adhesion of solid–elastomer interface is quite strong.

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15

Li, J., F. Zhang, L. Yu, N. Fujimoto, M. Yoshioka, X. Li, J. Shi, H. Kotera, L. Liu, and Y. Chen. "Culture substrates made of elastomeric micro-tripod arrays for long-term expansion of human pluripotent stem cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 2 (2017): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb02246d.

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16

Okamoto, Marin, Mizuho Kurotobi, Shinji Takeoka, Junki Sugano, Eiji Iwase, Hiroyasu Iwata, and Toshinori Fujie. "Sandwich fixation of electronic elements using free-standing elastomeric nanosheets for low-temperature device processes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 6 (2017): 1321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc04469g.

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17

Lamberti, Andrea, Alessandro Virga, Angelo Angelini, Alessandro Ricci, Emiliano Descrovi, Matteo Cocuzza, and Fabrizio Giorgis. "Metal–elastomer nanostructures for tunable SERS and easy microfluidic integration." RSC Advances 5, no. 6 (2015): 4404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12168f.

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18

Herrera-Posada, Stephany, Barbara O. Calcagno, and Aldo Acevedo. "Thermal, Mechanical and Magneto-Mechanical Characterization of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers Loaded with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles." MRS Proceedings 1718 (2015): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.35.

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ABSTRACTLiquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are materials that reveal unusual mechanical, optical and thermal properties due to their molecular orientability characteristic of low molar mass liquid crystals while maintaining the mechanical elasticity distinctive of rubbers. As such, they are considered smart shape-changing responsive systems. In this work, we report on the preparation of magnetic sensitized nematic LCEs using iron oxide nanoparticles with loadings of up to 0.7 wt%. The resultant thermal and mechanical properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, expansion/contraction experiments and extensional tests. The magnetic actuation ability was also evaluated for the neat elastomer and the composite with 0.5 wt% magnetic content, finding reversible contractions of up to 23% with the application of alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) of up to 48 kA/m at 300 kHz. Thus, we were able to demonstrate that the inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles yields LCEs with adjustable properties that can be tailored by changing the amount of particles embedded in the elastomeric matrix, which can be suitable for applications in actuation, sensing, or as smart substrates.

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19

Emori, Kanako, Yusaku Saito, Akio Yonezu, Liangliang Zhu, Xiangbiao Liao, and Xi Chen. "Surface buckling delamination patterns of film on soft spherical substrates." Soft Matter 16, no. 16 (2020): 3952–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm00122h.

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The morphological transition of film buckling-delamination in an elastomeric bilayer spherical shell system was studied experimentally and numerically. It was changed by the film thickness, Young's modulus, and interfacial adhesion condition, etc.

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20

Stucky, Nicholas L., Chihchen Chen, T. Fettah Kosar, and Albert Folch. "Fabrication of Microfluidically-Accessible Planar Nanoholes on Elastomeric Substrates." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2005.050.

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21

Mulder, Mary M., Robert W. Hitchcock, and Patrick A. Tresco. "Skeletal myogenesis on elastomeric substrates: implications for tissue engineering." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 9, no. 7 (January 1998): 731–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856298x00118.

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22

Romeo, Alessia, Qihan Liu, Zhigang Suo, and Stéphanie P. Lacour. "Elastomeric substrates with embedded stiff platforms for stretchable electronics." Applied Physics Letters 102, no. 13 (April 2013): 131904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4799653.

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23

Ryu, Seung Yoon, Jianliang Xiao, Won Il Park, Kwang Soo Son, Yonggang Y. Huang, Ungyu Paik, and John A. Rogers. "Lateral Buckling Mechanics in Silicon Nanowires on Elastomeric Substrates." Nano Letters 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2009): 3214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl901450q.

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24

Feng, Xue, Byung Duk Yang, Yuanming Liu, Yong Wang, Canan Dagdeviren, Zhuangjian Liu, Andrew Carlson, Jiangyu Li, Yonggang Huang, and John A. Rogers. "Stretchable Ferroelectric Nanoribbons with Wavy Configurations on Elastomeric Substrates." ACS Nano 5, no. 4 (March 23, 2011): 3326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn200477q.

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25

Koh, C. T., Z. J. Liu, D. Y. Khang, J. Song, C. Lu, Y. Huang, J. A. Rogers, and C. G. Koh. "Edge effects in buckled thin films on elastomeric substrates." Applied Physics Letters 91, no. 13 (September 24, 2007): 133113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2791004.

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26

Kang, Hyewon, Tae-il Kim, Keon-kook Han, and Hong H. Lee. "All-polymer thin film transistors on patterned elastomeric substrates." Organic Electronics 10, no. 3 (May 2009): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2009.01.009.

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27

Polaski, E. L. "Adhesives for Bonding Elastomeric Alloy Thermoplastics to Other Substrates." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 22, no. 4 (October 1990): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009524439002200404.

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28

Fei, Huiyang, Hanqing Jiang, and Dahl-Young Khang. "Nonsinusoidal buckling of thin gold films on elastomeric substrates." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 27, no. 3 (May 2009): L9—L12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.3089244.

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29

Zhao, Xiao Li, Shen Dong, Ying Chun Liang, T. Sun, and Yong Da Yan. "AFM for Preparing Si Masters in Soft Lithography." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 762–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.762.

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Atom Force Microscopy (AFM) can be employed to create surfaces in Si substrate with recessed features. The resulting patterns can serve as masters to make the required elastomeric stamps for soft lithography. Morphology analysis of patterned features on Si substrate and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp by AFM imaging confirms that pattern can be successfully transferred from Si substrates to PDMS stamps. It is shown that this method for creating masters can be performed with an AFM, making this method particularly straightforward, economical and accessible to a large technical community that are provided with AFM for measurement.

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30

Lee, Hyemin, Jung Gun Bae, Won Bo Lee, and Hyunsik Yoon. "Mechano-responsive lateral buckling of miniaturized beams standing on flexible substrates." Soft Matter 13, no. 45 (2017): 8357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01822c.

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We fabricate an elastomeric beam standing on a flexible substrate using 3D printing and soft lithography and investigate lateral buckling generated in the part of the wall when this beam is under pure bending.

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31

Shi, Yan, Hongying Luo, Li Gao, Cunfa Gao, John A. Rogers, Yonggang Huang, and Yihui Zhang. "Analyses of postbuckling in stretchable arrays of nanostructures for wide-band tunable plasmonics." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2183 (November 2015): 20150632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0632.

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Plasmonic nanostructures integrated with soft, elastomeric substrates provide an unusual platform with capabilities in mechanical tuning of key optical properties, where the surface configurations can undergo large, nonlinear transformations. Arrays of planar plasmonic nanodiscs in this context can, for example, transform into three-dimensional (3D) layouts upon application of large levels of stretching to the substrate, thereby creating unique opportunities in wide-band tunable optics and photonic sensors. In this paper, a theoretical model is developed for a plasmonic system that consists of discrete nanodiscs on an elastomeric substrate, establishing the relation between the postbuckling configurations and the applied strain. Analytic solutions of the amplitude and wavelength during postbuckling are obtained for different buckling modes, which agree well with the results of finite-element analyses and experiment measurements. Further analyses show that increasing the nanodisc distribution yields increased 3D configurations with larger amplitudes and smaller wavelengths, given the same level of stretching. This study could serve as a design reference for future optimization of mechanically tunable plasmonic systems in similar layouts.

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32

Aqrawe, Zaid, Christian Boehler, Mahima Bansal, Simon J. O’Carroll, Maria Asplund, and Darren Svirskis. "Stretchable Electronics Based on Laser Structured, Vapor Phase Polymerized PEDOT/Tosylate." Polymers 12, no. 8 (July 25, 2020): 1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081654.

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The fabrication of stretchable conductive material through vapor phase polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is presented alongside a method to easily pattern these materials with nanosecond laser structuring. The devices were constructed from sheets of vapor phase polymerized PEDOT doped with tosylate on pre-stretched elastomeric substrates followed by laser structuring to achieve the desired geometrical shape. Devices were characterized for electrical conductivity, morphology, and electrical integrity in response to externally applied strain. Fabricated PEDOT sheets displayed a conductivity of 53.1 ± 1.2 S cm−1; clear buckling in the PEDOT microstructure was observed as a result of pre-stretching the underlying elastomeric substrate; and the final stretchable electronic devices were able to remain electrically conductive with up to 100% of externally applied strain. The described polymerization and fabrication steps achieve highly processable and patternable functional conductive polymer films, which are suitable for stretchable electronics due to their ability to withstand externally applied strains of up to 100%.

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33

Xiao, J., S. Y. Ryu, Y. Huang, K.-C. Hwang, U. Paik, and J. A. Rogers. "Mechanics of nanowire/nanotube in-surface buckling on elastomeric substrates." Nanotechnology 21, no. 8 (January 25, 2010): 085708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/21/8/085708.

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34

Fu, Jianping, Yang-Kao Wang, Michael T. Yang, Ravi A. Desai, Xiang Yu, Zhijun Liu, and Christopher S. Chen. "Mechanical regulation of cell function with geometrically modulated elastomeric substrates." Nature Methods 7, no. 9 (August 1, 2010): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1487.

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35

Wang, Shuodao, Jizhou Song, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Yonggang Huang, and John A. Rogers. "Local versus global buckling of thin films on elastomeric substrates." Applied Physics Letters 93, no. 2 (July 14, 2008): 023126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2956402.

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36

Song, J. "Herringbone buckling patterns of anisotropic thin films on elastomeric substrates." Applied Physics Letters 96, no. 5 (February 2010): 051913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3309696.

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37

Zhou, Zhidong, and Quan Jiang. "Buckling analysis of stretchable ferroelectric thin film on elastomeric substrates." Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 27, no. 5 (October 2014): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0894-9166(14)60059-8.

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38

Lambricht, N., T. Pardoen, and S. Yunus. "Giant stretchability of thin gold films on rough elastomeric substrates." Acta Materialia 61, no. 2 (January 2013): 540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.001.

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39

Hayirlioglu, Arzu, Manish Kulkarni, Gurpreet Singh, Abdullah M. Al-Enizi, Irina Zvonkina, and Alamgir Karim. "Block copolymer ordering on elastomeric substrates of tunable surface energy." Emergent Materials 2, no. 1 (March 2019): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42247-019-00025-9.

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40

Szydzik, C., B. Niego, G. Dalzell, M. Knoerzer, F. Ball, W. S. Nesbitt, R. L. Medcalf, K. Khoshmanesh, and A. Mitchell. "Fabrication of complex PDMS microfluidic structures and embedded functional substrates by one-step injection moulding." RSC Advances 6, no. 91 (2016): 87988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra20688c.

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We report a novel injection moulding technique for fabrication of complex multi-layer microfluidic structures, allowing one-step robust integration of functional components with microfluidic channels and fabrication of elastomeric valves.

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41

Su, Ruitao, Jiaxuan Wen, Qun Su, Michael S. Wiederoder, Steven J. Koester, Joshua R. Uzarski, and Michael C. McAlpine. "3D printed self-supporting elastomeric structures for multifunctional microfluidics." Science Advances 6, no. 41 (October 2020): eabc9846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc9846.

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Microfluidic devices fabricated via soft lithography have demonstrated compelling applications such as lab-on-a-chip diagnostics, DNA microarrays, and cell-based assays. These technologies could be further developed by directly integrating microfluidics with electronic sensors and curvilinear substrates as well as improved automation for higher throughput. Current additive manufacturing methods, such as stereolithography and multi-jet printing, tend to contaminate substrates with uncured resins or supporting materials during printing. Here, we present a printing methodology based on precisely extruding viscoelastic inks into self-supporting microchannels and chambers without requiring sacrificial materials. We demonstrate that, in the submillimeter regime, the yield strength of the as-extruded silicone ink is sufficient to prevent creep within a certain angular range. Printing toolpaths are specifically designed to realize leakage-free connections between channels and chambers, T-shaped intersections, and overlapping channels. The self-supporting microfluidic structures enable the automatable fabrication of multifunctional devices, including multimaterial mixers, microfluidic-integrated sensors, automation components, and 3D microfluidics.

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42

Xiong, Jiaqing, Gurunathan Thangavel, Jiangxin Wang, Xinran Zhou, and Pooi See Lee. "Self-healable sticky porous elastomer for gas-solid interacted power generation." Science Advances 6, no. 29 (July 2020): eabb4246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb4246.

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A previously unknown gas-solid interacted power generation is developed using triboelectric effect. We designed an adhesive, gas-tight, and self-healing supramolecular polysiloxane-dimethylglyoxime–based polyurethane (PDPU) porous elastomer based on segmented oxime-carbamate-urea. It is an intrinsically triboelectric negative material with trapped air within closed voids, exhibiting ultrahigh static surface potential and excellent compressibility. This porous PDPU generates electricity from interactions between the trapped air and the elastomeric matrix under periodical compression. The positively charged trapped air (or other gas) dominates the tribo-electrification with PDPU, inducing electron transfer from gas to the solid polymer for electricity generation. The self-healable elastomer renders gas-solid interacted triboelectric nanogenerator, GS-TENG, with high stretchability (~1200%). The inherently adhesive surface enables adherance to other substrates, allowing mechanical energy harvesting from deformations such as bending, twisting, and stretching. GS-TENG promises a freestanding wearable functional tactile skin for self-powered sensing of touch pressure, human motions, and Parkinsonian gait.

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43

Hanna, Amir, Arsalan Alam, G. Ezhilarasu, and Subramanian S. Iyer. "Fine Pitch(40μm) Integration Platform for Flexible Hybrid Electronics using Fan-Out Wafer-level Packaging." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 000064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000064.

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Abstract A flexible fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) process for heterogeneous integration of high performance dies in a flexible and biocompatible elastomeric package (FlexTrateTM) was used to assemble 625 dies with co-planarity and tilt <1μm, average die-shift of 3.28 μm with σ < 2.23 μm. Fine pitch interconnects (40μm pitch) were defined using a novel corrugated topography to mitigate the buckling phenomenon of metal films deposited on elastomeric substrates. Corrugated interconnects were then used to interconnect 200 dies, and then tested for cyclic mechanical bending reliability and have shown less than 7% change in resistance after bending down to 1 mm radius for 1,000 cycles.

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44

Jeong, Sung-Yeob, Jun-Uk Lee, Sung-Moo Hong, Chan-Woo Lee, Sung-Hwan Hwang, Su-Chan Cho, and Bo-Sung Shin. "Highly Skin-Conformal Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Human Motion Monitoring Sensor." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040951.

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Bio-compatible strain sensors based on elastomeric conductive polymer composites play pivotal roles in human monitoring devices. However, fabricating highly sensitive and skin-like (flexible and stretchable) strain sensors with broad working range is still an enormous challenge. Herein, we report on a novel fabrication technology for building elastomeric conductive skin-like composite by mixing polymer solutions. Our e-skin substrates were fabricated according to the weight of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) solutions, which could control substrate color. An e-skin and 3-D flexible strain sensor was developed with the formation of laser induced graphene (LIG) on the skin-like substrates. For a one-step process, Laser direct writing (LDW) was employed to construct superior durable LIG/PDMS/PSPI composites with a closed-pore porous structure. Graphene sheets of LIG coated on the closed-porous structure constitute a deformable conductive path. The LIG integrated with the closed-porous structure intensifies the deformation of the conductive network when tensile strain is applied, which enhances the sensitivity. Our sensor can efficiently monitor not only energetic human motions but also subtle oscillation and physiological signals for intelligent sound sensing. The skin-like strain sensor showed a perfect combination of ultrawide sensing range (120% strain), large sensitivity (gauge factor of ~380), short response time (90 ms) and recovery time (140 ms), as well as superior stability. Our sensor has great potential for innovative applications in wearable health-monitoring devices, robot tactile systems, and human–machine interface systems.

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45

Yan, Zheng, Mengdi Han, Yan Shi, Adina Badea, Yiyuan Yang, Ashish Kulkarni, Erik Hanson, et al. "Three-dimensional mesostructures as high-temperature growth templates, electronic cellular scaffolds, and self-propelled microrobots." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 45 (October 25, 2017): E9455—E9464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713805114.

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Recent work demonstrates that processes of stress release in prestrained elastomeric substrates can guide the assembly of sophisticated 3D micro/nanostructures in advanced materials. Reported application examples include soft electronic components, tunable electromagnetic and optical devices, vibrational metrology platforms, and other unusual technologies, each enabled by uniquely engineered 3D architectures. A significant disadvantage of these systems is that the elastomeric substrates, while essential to the assembly process, can impose significant engineering constraints in terms of operating temperatures and levels of dimensional stability; they also prevent the realization of 3D structures in freestanding forms. Here, we introduce concepts in interfacial photopolymerization, nonlinear mechanics, and physical transfer that bypass these limitations. The results enable 3D mesostructures in fully or partially freestanding forms, with additional capabilities in integration onto nearly any class of substrate, from planar, hard inorganic materials to textured, soft biological tissues, all via mechanisms quantitatively described by theoretical modeling. Illustrations of these ideas include their use in 3D structures as frameworks for templated growth of organized lamellae from AgCl–KCl eutectics and of atomic layers of WSe2 from vapor-phase precursors, as open-architecture electronic scaffolds for formation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neural networks, and as catalyst supports for propulsive systems in 3D microswimmers with geometrically controlled dynamics. Taken together, these methodologies establish a set of enabling options in 3D micro/nanomanufacturing that lie outside of the scope of existing alternatives.

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Kim, Seong Won, Sangsik Park, Siyoung Lee, Daegun Kim, Giwon Lee, Jonghyun Son, and Kilwon Cho. "Stretchable Mesh‐Patterned Organic Semiconducting Thin Films on Creased Elastomeric Substrates." Advanced Functional Materials 31, no. 25 (April 16, 2021): 2010870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202010870.

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47

Fu, Jianping, Yang-Kao Wang, Michael T. Yang, Ravi A. Desai, Xiang Yu, Zhijun Liu, and Christopher S. Chen. "Addendum: Mechanical regulation of cell function with geometrically modulated elastomeric substrates." Nature Methods 8, no. 2 (January 28, 2011): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth0211-184a.

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Wang, Yu, Jizhou Song, and Jianliang Xiao. "Surface effects on in-plane buckling of nanowires on elastomeric substrates." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 46, no. 12 (February 25, 2013): 125309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/46/12/125309.

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Lacour, Stéphanie P., Donald Chan, Sigurd Wagner, Teng Li, and Zhigang Suo. "Mechanisms of reversible stretchability of thin metal films on elastomeric substrates." Applied Physics Letters 88, no. 20 (May 15, 2006): 204103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2201874.

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Lynch, Peter J., Sean P. Ogilvie, Matthew J. Large, Aline Amorim Graf, Marcus A. O’Mara, James Taylor, Jonathan P. Salvage, and Alan B. Dalton. "Graphene-based printable conductors for cyclable strain sensors on elastomeric substrates." Carbon 169 (November 2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.06.078.

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