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Academic literature on the topic 'Élasticité (économie politique) – Modèles mathématiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Élasticité (économie politique) – Modèles mathématiques"
Gignoux-Ezratty, Véronique. "Déconfiner la perception scientifique en france." Acta Europeana Systemica 10 (December 9, 2020): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/aes.v10i0.59573.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Élasticité (économie politique) – Modèles mathématiques"
Erkel-Rousse, Hélène. "Commerce international et différenciation de produit : modélisation théorique et applications empiriques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010049.
Full textManadir, Abdellah. "Frictions financières : théories et évidences." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28173.
Full textThis thesis assesses the extent to which two types of financial frictions contribute to the ability of New-Keynesian-type-stochastic dynamic general equilibrium models (DSGE) to reproduce business cycles and the ability of hybrid models (DSGE-VAR) to forecast macroeconomic aggregates. The first type of financial friction originates from a problem of Costly State Verification à la Bernanke et al. [1999] and appears in debt contracts. This type of friction implies a wedge between the expected return on capital and the risk-free rate that depends on entrepreneurial leverage, whereas the wedge is absent in models with no frictions. The second type of friction results from a problem of Costly Enforcement à la Gertler and Karadi [2011], which also induces a wedge between the expected return on capital and the risk-free rate, that is now determined by the change in entrepreneurial leverage. The first chapter of thesis estimates three versions of Smets and Wouters [2003, 2007] using a Bayesian approach. Used as a benchmark, the first version considers financial markets as a veil and thus contains no financial friction. The second version incorporates the Costly State Verification-type-friction à la Bernanke et al. [1999], while the third version includes the Costly Enforcement-type-friction à la Gertler and Karadi [2011]. The estimation results are used to answer to following questions: (i) Are models including financial frictions more compatible with U.S. macroeconomic data than those with no frictions? (ii) which types of financial friction are preferred by the data? Our findings indicate that adding financial frictions improves the New-Keynesian model's fit to data, in terms of data marginal density. In the case of Costly Enforcement problem, these improvements are both substantial and robust, while they are marginal and not robust in the case of the Costly State Verification problem. Second, estimating the risk premium elasticity to entrepreneurial leverage, rather than calibrating it to values commonly used in the literature, helps the Bernanke et al. [1999] model version to perform more well. This finding suggests that this elasticity should be revised (downwards), relative to the prior belief established in the literature. The second chapter estimates three versions of Smets and Wouters [2003, 2007] via the Bayesian methodology for both the U.S. and Euro economies. The first version serves as a basic model and considers financial markets as veil, thereby contains no financial frictions. The second version includes a Costly State Verification-type problem à la Bernanke et al. [1999], while the third one incorporates a Costly Enforcement problem à la Gertler and Karadi [2011]. These three versions pay particular attention to long term trends that are present in data and thus incorporate a labour-augmenting technology process. The chapter then uses estimation results to answer to the following questions: (i) Is the importance of financial frictions different in the U.S. economy and in the Euro economy? Then, (ii) which factors can explain this difference? The main results are: First, the Costly State Verification-type-friction à la Bernanke et al. [1999] is more important in the Euro economy than in the U.S. economy, while the Costly Enforcement-type-friction à la Gertler and Karadi [2011] doesn't appear important to the both economies. Second, the relative importance of financial frictions in the Euro area can be explained by the high estimate of the risk premium elasticity to the leverage in the Euro economy. The third chapter of thesis develops three types of prior information for a VAR model, from a New-Keynesian model with no financial friction, a model incorporating a friction of Costly state Verification à la Bernanke et al. [1999] and a model including a friction of Costly Enforcement à la Gertler and Karadi [2011]. This last chapter then compares the three hybrid models (DSGE-VAR) via the root mean squared forecast errors, in order to answer to the following question: To which extent can the presence of financial structures (frictions) improve the forecasting ability of hybrid model DSGE-VAR? In terms of out-sample forecasts, the results show that the hybrid models with no financial frictions perform as well as those with frictions.
Yaseen, Muhammad Rizwan. "Modèles d'équilibre partiel pour les pays d'Asie du Sud : Déterminants et évolution de l'offre et de la demande pour l'alimentation d'humain et des animaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-04136321.
Full textBeing the most populous countries of South Asia, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh together represents about forty percent of the world total undernourished population. Thus, these three countries are of particular interest in food and feed analysis. On supply side, the own and cross gross product elasticities for each crop are calculated by translog model. The crop areas of the major crops (wheat and rice) are weakly gross product responsive as compared to the minor crops. On demand side, revenue elasticities and the own and cross uncompensated price elasticities of main vegetal products and animal products taken separately as well as together are calculated for these countries by using the LA-AIDS model. It appeared that main food products in these countries like wheat, rice, eggs and milk are relatively less price elastic as compared to other food (vegetal oils, sugar). When expenditure rises in these countries, then Pakistani and Indian consumer diversify their consumption from cereals to other products (milk, eggs) more than Bangladeshi. The own and cross price elasticities for different feed products are calculated by using regression model and translog model on pseudo data generated by a feed nutritional formulation for these three countries. It appeared that in these countries, wheat and rice are consumed directly on farm level by animals to some extent. Total brans and molasses are relatively high price elastic in Pakistan and India but relatively inelastic in Bangladesh. Maize is highly price elastic and substitute of brans in three countries. The partial equilibrium model for each of the three countries implemented in the GAMS with nonlinear solver COUENNE has allowed the realization of various scenarios for 2009 and 2025. These scenarios calculated influence of variation in key exogenous parameters (population, per capita income, total cultivated area, animal production and yields of various crops) on domestic prices, area and quantities (, production, consumption, external trade) from the actual situation of 2009. The scenario of limiting the increase in the overall deficit of Southeast Asia between 2009 and 2025 (in order to promote intra-zone exchange) would be more beneficial for Pakistan as compared to the other two countries while the scenario to control and harmonize the evolution of agricultural prices in the three countries would be more beneficial for India compared to the other two countries. In the conclusion the main limitations and some ways of improving these partial equilibrium models are presented with previous qualitative results
Louis-Sidois, Charles. "Trois essais en économie politique." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0019/document.
Full textIn the first chapter (« Optimal Vote Buying » coauthored with Leon Musolff, Princeton University), we analyze a vote buying problem. We show that bribing a supermajority can be cheaper due to pivotal considerations. When a large number of committee members receive a bribe, they do not expect to be pivotal in the election. As a result, it is sufficient to offer them a small amount of money in exchange for their vote. Due to this mechanism, it turns out that the vote buyer generally prefers to bribe a supermajority. In the second chapter (« Voting and contributing when the group is watching » coauthored with Emeric Henry, Sciences Po) we study the interaction between the way members vote on rules and their subsequent behaviors. This analysis applies to groups who choose their own rules and who care about their image. We study how players’ considerations depend on the visibility of the process. We show that multiple norms can emerge. We discuss the problem of a social planner and the implications for welfare. The last chapter (« Military service and political participation » coauthored with Etienne Fize) investigates the impact of the French military service on political behaviors. Exploiting the suspension of mandatory conscription for French men, we find a significant and positive impact of military service on turnout. This effect ranges from 3.6 percentage points for the first round of the presidential election of 2012 to 8.9 percentage points for the second round of the legislative elections. We also investigate the impact of conscription on political preferences and we find that former conscripts are significantly more nationalist and conservative
Kouassi, Eugène. "Approche fréquentielle de la causalité évolutive entre processus aléatoires bivariés non-stationnaires." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON10006.
Full textIn the study of causality between stochastic processes, the assumption of stationarity (at least of second order) is often tacitly made. It's possible, indeed, essential to release such assumption (case of nonstationary processes) using evolutionary spectral analysis and timedependant parameters models. Evolutionary causality (i. E time-dependant causality) which is issued results partly from frequency-domain analysis (evolutionary causality test) and from the combination of a set of evolutionary prediction models (arma models and transfer function models with changing parameters)
Martinez, Flores Leonardo. "Modèles de localisation optimale dans une ville multicentrée : recherche d'un critère fondé sur la productivité du travail." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100041.
Full textTolla, Christian-Joseph. "Regard historique et épistémologique sur l'évolution du statut des mathématiques dans l'économie, depuis les origines jusqu'à Cournot." Corte, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CORT0007.
Full textEconomics and mathematics have always been related and no one knows which one came first. In all the important civilizations in which functions are organized in a hierarchy, one found written evidences of the existence of mathematics. In addition, at each stage of the economic development corresponds a set of mathematical tools associated with a particular mode of thought. In the broader context of human knowledge, even a partial bird’s -eye view of the history of mathematics shows how a simple tool of the economic activity turns into the theoretical framework of economics. The first reasoning appear with the philosophers of ancient Greece; and mathematical conceptualization, in the wake of major discoveries of the 17th century, is closely related to humanist philosophy which builds political economy on the basis of the individual. In order to form a stand-alone science, political economy will find in mathematical concepts its first models during the 18th and 19th centuries. The use of mathematics in order to clarify the presentation of economic theories was and is still a subject of debates. As a teacher in mathematics in a faculty of economics, my project aims at exploring some phases of the penetration of mathematics into economics, and in fact their interaction. I also try to understand, through the example of the apparition of the concept of function raised from the concept of number and the way they became together tools for economic modeling, how the encounter between these concepts and the paradigm of economic individualism allowed Cournot to create mathematical economics
Kirmanoglu, Hasan. "Esquisse d'un modèle alternatif aux modèles de l'équilibre général-programmables (MEG-P)." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100019.
Full textThis 3e cycle thesis aims to elaborate an essay of an alternative model to the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. The principal reason of the choice of such a subject is due to the fact that CGE models do not permit to examine the economic problems that appear in the form of disequilibrium such that inflation, unemployment in spite of the fact that they constitute an alternative to the traditional models likes input-output and linear programming models. This incapacity results of their theoretical basis, i. E. Walrasian general equilibrium theory, that is not defined for disequilibrium situations. That is why our alternative model is based on disequilibrium theory that provides a more general framework which permits analysing the economic problems mentioned above. The thesis is made of two parts. The first part introduces CGE models after having been analysed the reasons that lead their substitution to the traditional models. The second part presents our model by referring to a critical survey of the disequilibrium theory
Abcha, Ali. "Équilibres multiples, concurrence imparfaite et politiques publiques." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100061.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the literature on coordination failures that can occur in the presence of increasing returns in economies with imperfect competition type monopolistic. We will also focus on the non-optimality of the equilibria. Then we are led to study the implementation of economic policy. In fact, public policies can change the number of equilibria in an endogenous growth model. In this thesis, we show that in a growth model with monopolistic competition the existence of externalities not internalized by the agents can result in a multiplicity of equilibria. Government intervention in the economy can have an impact on this multiplicity by the management of externalities and adverse effects of imperfect competition. However inefficient public intervention can make the economy converge to a suboptimal equilibrium. To this end, our theoretical modeling is to develop a macroeconomic model for a closed economy that has a perfectly competitive sector of final goods and a sector of monopolistically competitive intermediate goods. We simulate the model to identify the effects of a public policy. Finally, in an econometric application, we estimate the impact of public spending on the mark-up and the level of competition
Lauria, Philippe. "L'approche évolutionniste en économie du changement technique : concepts et mise en oeuvre : un modèle à deux marchés de trajectoires d'entreprises." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21011.
Full textTaking up biological topics and models and following the heterodox questions of dynamic economics (schumpter, simon. . . ), the evolutionary approach is an attempt to aviod the empediments of technical change analysis. The contribution starts with a systematic explanation of evolutionary fundations (bounded rationality, diversity in structures and firm behaviours, disequilibrium) and concepts (competition and selection, routines, paradigms and techno-economic trajectories). The methodological outlets are of two kinds : taxinomies of industrial structures behavioral models. The second contribution is an analysis of a simulation model (silverberg, 1988) of techno-economic firms trajectories with learning. The model is then extended to give elements of answer to the problem of competition under a require of products variety
Books on the topic "Élasticité (économie politique) – Modèles mathématiques"
Edouard, Rossier, Ritschard Gilbert, Royer, Daniel, docteur ès sciences économiques et sociales., and Auray Jean Paul, eds. Optimalité et structures en hommage à Édouard Rossier. Paris: Economica, 1985.
Find full textCulmann, Henri. Les Mécanismes économiques. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1988.
Find full textRoy, Dominic. Comportement stratégique en économie: Une introduction à la théorie des jeux. Mont-Royal, Qué: Thomson Groupe Modulo, 2006.
Find full textDalpra, Philippe. Dix questions clés en économie et leurs solutions mathématiques: Classes préparatoires économiques CPGE ECE et ECS. Paris: Ellipses, 2006.
Find full textTellier, Luc-Normand. Économie spatiale: Rationalité économique de l'espace habité. 2nd ed. Boucherville, Qué: Morin, 1993.
Find full textÉconomie spatiale: Rationalité économique de l'espace habité. Chicoutimi, Québec: G. Morin, 1985.
Find full textRipley, Philip. Economic modelling and computer programming. London: Harvester-Wheatsheaf, 1988.
Find full textStarr, Ross M. General equilibrium theory: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Find full textPrinciples and methods of law and economics: Basic tools for normative reasoning. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Find full textJeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh. Recent advances in spatial equilibrium modelling, methodology and applications. Berlin: Springer, 1996.
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