Academic literature on the topic 'Élaboration de membranes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Élaboration de membranes":
Pontié, Maxime, Hortense Essis-Tomé, Audrey Elana, and Trong Q. Nguyen. "Élaboration et caractérisations physicochimiques d'une nouvelle membrane de dialyse par adsorption de nanocouches de polyélectrolytes inverses." Comptes Rendus Chimie 8, no. 6-7 (June 2005): 1135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2005.03.005.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Élaboration de membranes":
Kayser, Marie. "Élaboration de nouvelles membranes électrolytiques composites SPEEK/SILICE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27958/27958.pdf.
Thevenot, Camille. "Élaboration de membranes polymères piézoélectriques souples en vue d’applications biomédicales." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0197/document.
The work presented here focuses on the preparation of a piezoelectric polymer material aimed to be the sensitive element of a strain sensor of biological tissues. This includes the study of the softening of the copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) necessary to be close of the mechanical properties of an artery, without reducing the piezoelectric coefficient. Plasticized P(VDF-TrFE) films with diethyl phthalate (DEP) were made according to different protocols including doctor blade technique or spin-coating and polarization under high voltage to activate the ferroelectric properties. Depending on the preparation conditions, two distinct structures were obtained with physical properties specific to each of them. For the first type of film, the study of the morphology and the hysteresis loops polarization-electric field showed a new structure of the material, with a demixing of the plasticizer in the matrix. In this case, the coercive field is strongly reduced which allows a decrease of the required high polarization voltage up to 40%, even if the film only contains 50wt% of P(VDF-TrFE). The second type of film, obtained after an annealing at lower temperature, has an almost homogeneous structure and properties close to a mixing law. The coercive field remains comparable to that of the pure P(VDF-TrFE) but the flexibility of the material is greatly increased. The study of the mechanical properties showed that the plasticizer can reduce the Young modulus to 40MPa for 30wt% of DEP in the film. In addition, the remanent polarization and the piezoelectric coefficient are also reinforced. In vitro and in vivo experiments, performed on arteries, of sensors based on these films demonstrated the high potential of the material to detect the strain of soft tissues and to function at biologic human frequencies
Chabert, France. "Élaboration par extrusion de membranes polymères pour piles à combustible." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0132.
The aim of these studies was to process membranes by extrusion to be used in fuel cells. The functional polymers used are generally processed by polluting techniques like casting-evaporation, which are not easily transposable on industrial scale. Extrusion is a widely used shaping operation in the polymer processing industry. However, extrusion had not been used until now for arylsulfonic ionic polymers. In order to avoid any risk of degradation of the polymer during extrusion, it was necessary to define the best processing conditions. On one hand, the physicochemical characterization of the polysulfones (commercial) and sulfonated polysulfones (or synthesized by the project partners), were performed by determining their molecular weights and their thermal transitions. On the order hand, their flow behaviour was characterized over a wide range of temperatures and shearing rates using rheometric techniques. The combination of these two characterizations allowed to define the appropriate extrusion conditions. For the extruded films, the conductivities, measured by impedance spectroscopy were found to be similar with those of the membranes processed by casting-evaporation and close to those of Nafion® membranes. In addition, the incorporation of a proton-conducting filler and reinforcing fibres was also considered and the extrusion of these composite materials was validated. This work could be extended to other proton-conducting polymers, like polyetherethercetones and polyetherimides, whose membranes produced by casting-evaporation have already shown their performances in the fuel cells
Negrel, Jean-Luc. "Membrane protéique de nanofiltration : élaboration, caractérisation et propriétés de transfert." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20065.
Tazi, Bouchra. "Élaboration et caractérisation d'une nouvelle membrane minérale conductrice ionique à structures dense et microporeuse." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20138.
Tazi, Bouchra. "Élaboration et caractérisation de nouvelles membranes à base de Nafion et d'hétéropolyacides." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0020/NQ46640.pdf.
Lixon, Buquet Camille. "Élaboration et caractérisation de nouvelles membranes composites thermostables pour piles à combustible." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES037.
The present work aims at finding alternative materials for the reference membrane for fuel cells, the Nafion® membrane from Dupont de Nemours. It concerns the effect of the sulfonation of polysulfone on the polymer segment motions, and that of modified laponite particles dispersed in sulfonated polysulfone on the water transport and the proton conductivity of these new hybrid membranes. The decrease, after sulfonation, in the cooperative motion average sizes allowed us to suggest a confinement of the glassy polymer chains in ionic clusters formed by interactions between sulfonic groups, in much a similar way as those formed in the Nafion® membrane. Moreover, the incorporated laponite-SO3H particles favor water diffusion and enhance the ionic conductivity of the composite membranes, by increasing the total content in ionic groups and the overall water affinity
Baradie, Bilal. "Membranes ionomères composites pour piles à combustibles H2/O2 : élaboration et caractérisation." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0002.
Idrissi, Kandri Noureddine. "Élaboration et caractérisation d'une membrane minérale conductrice à base d'un mélange d'oxydes TiO2-RuO2." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20158.
Ressam, Ibitissam. "Élaboration et caractérisation de nouvelles membranes composites à conduction protonique pour les piles à combustible." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066732.
The perfluoro-sulfonated ionomer membranes are employed as separators in many industrialapplications such as fuel cells, chloro-alkali industry, electrodialysis and gaining inclininginterest in aqueous rechargeable or redox-flow batteries where the knowledge of their ionictransport and transfer properties is fundamental.Particularly, Nafion is adopted as a referencemembrane for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells due to its thermal stability andgood proton conductivity. However, Nafion membranes have several disadvantages such as a decrease in the proton conductivity at low relative humidity (<50%) and high temperatures(>80°C), and excessive dimensional changes due to the swelling/deswelling, leading tomechanical instabilities.To circumvent these problems, novel proton conducting membraneshave been developed, either by completely replacing or by using organic and/or inorganiccomponents to Nafion.3 In this regard, a large spectrum of membranes have been elaboratedconsidering many attributes such as high proton conductivity, physical separation between theanode and the cathode and fuel barrier characteristics, good chemical and physical stability andlow elaboration cost of the membrane. Two types of additives were examined to improve the performances, particularly : Membranes based on Nafion with Chitosan biopolymer. This naturel polymer is consideredas the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose.6 Chitosan improves the physical andchemical stability of the membrane in the presence of water, and it is considered as a less costlyadditive to Nafion7.The improvement of the proton conductivity with pristine chitosan isessentially challenging. Previous studies demonstrated that vehicularandGrotthuss mechanismjointly govern the proton transfer in chitosan membranes.In the vehicular mechanism, the protons diffuse together with solvent molecules in the form of hydronium ions byforming acomplex such as H5O2+ and H9O4+. In the Grotthuss mechanism, however, the protons jump fromone solvent molecule or functional group to the next by the continuous formation and breakingof hydrogen bonds. Membranes based on Nafion with Halloysite nanotubes (HNT). These clays confer to themembrane high proton conductivity by constructing large and continuous conductionpathways.These inorganic additives also improve the thermal and mechanical properties of PEM. Composite membranes of Nafion/Chitosan- SO3H and Nafion/HNT-SO3H are prepared. Theresulting composite membranes were studied by various conventional structural characterizationtechniques. H+ conductivity measurements were performed and the values obtained are higherthan those of pristine Nafion at various relative humidity (RH%) levels and temperatures (30°C-80°C). Our results highlight the beneficial character of functionalized chitosan biopolymer andHalloysite nanotube clays as additives to improve PEM performances