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1
Roca, Marín Santiago. "Análisis de la organización y enseñanza de EL2 en Alicante: Programas de Compensatoria y PASE (2003-2008)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/59768.
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Perez, Canizares Pilar, and Johannes Schnitzer. "El uso de herramientas lexicográficas ante problemas terminológicos: estrategias de profesores y estudiantes de ELE/EL2." Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6983/1/23247797.2019.pdf.
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Con el objetivo de contribuir al desarrollo de las estrategias de búsqueda
lexicográfica de los estudiantes de español LE/L2, se realizó un estudio
empírico para averiguar el uso concreto de recursos lexicográficos por
parte tanto de profesores como de estudiantes. Con tal finalidad se
observaron y anotaron los recursos usados, el orden de consulta y
también las estrategias aplicadas por ambos grupos al realizar una
traducción técnica del alemán al español. El análisis de los datos revela
que existen pocas diferencias entre las estrategias de ambos grupos de
usuarios: si bien los estudiantes realizan un mayor número de consultas
y usan más recursos, no necesitan más tiempo que los profesores y
además llegan a resultados similares respecto a la corrección de las
traducciones. Todo ello apunta a que, antes de entrenar a los
estudiantes de ELE en el manejo de recursos lexicográficos, es necesario
capacitar al profesorado en su uso.
3
Moritz, Maria Ester Wollstein. "A contrastive genre study of conclusions as components of research articles across PL1, EL1 and EL2." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89001.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T15:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>One line of research in the area of genre analysis prevailing in the last 25 years has concentrated on the study of rhetorical patterns of organization of research articles (RAs). The present study is a contrastive investigation which advances this research by focusing on the macro and micro-structural organization of conclusions of RAs written in Portuguese as L1, English as L1 and English as L2. For the analysis of the macro-structure, I verify the rhetorical organization of conclusions following the principles of genre studies as proposed by Swales' (1990). As for the micro-structural analysis, I draw upon Halliday's (1994) systemic functional linguistics (SFL), concentrating on modality as a dimension corresponding to the interpersonal metafunction of language. The corpus used in the research is composed of 36 conclusions of RAs in the field of applied linguistics - 12 in each of the language orientations aforementioned. The findings reveal no constant pattern of rhetorical organization and no obligatory moves or steps. However, the results related to the macro-level rhetorical structure indicate the occurrence of a complex array of moves and steps which exhibits a cyclical structure but with differences in the three languages investigated. Furthermore, the samples investigated permitted the elaboration of a proposal of a model for this component of RAs that comprises six moves. The micro-level analysis of modality devices reveals that the rhetorical structure of the conclusions of RAs display writers' concern with interpersonal meanings, and that writers build their identities in agreement with the discourse that prevails in academic writing, construing themselves as solidary writers in respect to their readers. As such, they are pictured as "confidently uncertain" (Swales & Feak, 1994) and thus committed to the probabilistic status of science, suggesting that they are aware of the distinct findings that may emerge out of other contexts of investigation. Analyses of the macro and micro levels of rhetorical organizations of conclusions have revealed parallels and differences in the outcomes of first and second language writers, and the study contributes to a richer understanting of the nature of conclusions of RAs and, as such, of academic writing.
Uma das linhas de pesquisa na área de estudos de gênero prevalente nos últimos 25 anos concentra-se no estudo do padrão de organização retórica de artigos acadêmicos (AAs). O presente estudo investiga de maneira contrastiva, a organização macro e micro estrutural de conclusões de AAs escritas em português L1, inglês L1 e inglês L2. Para a análise macro-estrutural, verificou-se a organização retórica dos textos com base nos princípios de estudos de gênero propostos por Swales (1990). Para a análise micro-estrutural, foi utilizada a gramática sistêmico-funcional Hallidayana (1994), concentrando na modalidade como uma dimensão que corresponde à função interpessoal da linguagem. O corpus utilizado é composto de 36 conclusões de AAs na área de língüística aplicada - sendo 12 em cada uma das orientações lingüísticas mencionadas acima. Os resultados revelam não haver padrão constante para essa organização, assim como demonstram a ausência de um movimento retórico obrigatório. Entretanto, os resultados da estrutura retórica em sua dimensão macro-estrutural, indicam uma variedade complexa de movimentos retóricos na medida em que os escritores exibem diferenças na elaboração das suas seções de conclusão e uma estrutura cíclica desses movimentos, apresentando porém, diferenças entre as três orientações lingüísticas investigadas. Além disso, os exemplos investigados permitiram a elaboração de uma proposta de modelo para esse componente de gênero, composto por seis movimentos. A análise micro-estrutural dos recursos de modalidade revela as conclusões como textos que mostram a preocupação dos escritores quanto aos significados interpessoais que permeiam suas práticas discursivas, na medida em que esses escritores constróem suas identidades de acordo com o discurso que prevalece na escrita acadêmica, demonstrando-se solidários com relação a seus leitores e não assertivos quanto ao conteúdo de seus textos; e, portanto, comprometidos com o status probabilístico da ciência na medida em que demonstram conhecimento acerca da possibilidade de novas pesquisas revelarem novos resultados em novos contextos de investigação. As análises macro e micro estruturais das conclusões em primeira e segunda língua revelam paralelos e diferenças no produto final dos escritores de primeira e segunda línguas. O estudo contribui então, para um melhor entendimento acerca da natureza das conclusões de AAs, e consequentemente, da redação acadêmica.
4
Dobrilla, Paolo. "Infrared transmittance study of GaAs : Mapping stress, dislocation, and EL2 distributions /." Full text open access at:, 1986. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,100.
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Disdier, Laurent. "Non-linearites optiques resultant de l'excitation du defaut natif el2 dans GaAs." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1990. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00713982.
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Les non-linearites de l'arséniure de gallium (gaas) sont étudies a la longueur d'onde 1,06 micron en regime nanoseconde et picoseconde. En régime nanoseconde, les porteurs libres (electrons et trous) sont crees par photoionisation des centres profonds el2. Ils provoquent une variation de permittivite du milieu tandis que l'évolution des densités de centres neutres et ionises change principalement l'absorption. L'etude de la réflectivité par une expérience de conjugaison de phase montre qu'un troisieme effet doit être pris en compte pour de forte énergie, le mouvement non-lineaire des electrons. Cet effet est étudie dans un échantillon dope n d'arseniure de gallium. Aucune amplification n'a ete observée dans des expériences de mélange a deux ondes. En régime picoseconde, la variation de permittivité induite par absorption a deux photons prédomine sur les effets presentes précédemment. Nous montrons que les non-linearites sont suffisamment importantes pour obtenir de forte amplification (fois 25) dans un mélange a deux ondes.
6
DISDIER, LAURENT. "Non-linearites optiques resultant de l'excitation du defaut natif el2 dans gaas." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112309.
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Les non-linearites de l'arseniure de gallium (gaas) sont etudiees a la longueur d'onde 1,06 micron en regime nanoseconde et picoseconde. En regime nanoseconde, les porteurs libres (electrons et trous) sont crees par photoionisation des centres profonds el2. Ils provoquent une variation de permittivite du milieu tandis que l'evolution des densites de centres neutres et ionises change principalement l'absorption. L'etude de la reflectivite par une experience de conjugaison de phase montre qu'un troisieme effet doit etre pris en compte pour de forte energie, le mouvement non-lineaire des electrons. Cet effet est etudie dans un echantillon dope n d'arseniure de gallium. Aucune amplification n'a ete observee dans des experiences de melange a deux ondes. En regime picoseconde, la variation de permittivite induite par absorption a deux photons predomine sur les effets presentes precedemment. Nous montrons que les non-linearites sont suffisamment importantes pour obtenir de forte amplification (fois 25) dans un melange a deux ondes
7
Reichel, Carsten. "Nachweis mesoskopischer elektrischer Inhomogenitäten in undotiertem GaAs mittels Punktkontakt-Verfahren." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:105-2480790.
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Zur Charakterisierung mesoskopischer elektrischer Inhomogenitäten in undotiertem GaAs, die meist eine zellulare Struktur mit hochohmigen Zellzentren und niederohmigen Zellwänden aufweisen, wurde die Punktkontakt-Technik weiterentwickelt, mit der hochaufgelöste und quantitative Widerstandsmessungen möglich sind. Untersuchungen der I-U-Kennlinie des Punktkontakts zeigten, dass sich letzterer näherungsweise durch einen Schottkykontakt mit hohem Serienwiderstand beschreiben lässt. Eine Kalibrierung des Punktkontakt-Stromes (IPC) lieferte für Widerstände &gt; 1E6 Ohmcm eine inverse Proportionalität zwischen IPC und Widerstand. Messungen ergaben, dass die Widerstandsfluktuationen bei halbisolierenden Proben weniger als eine Größenordnung betragen. Dagegen wiesen Proben im hochohmigen Bereich (n = 1E10 cm^-3) Unterschiede im Widerstand von bis zu 3 Größenordnungen auf. Anhand temperaturabhängiger Punktkontaktmessungen konnte der experimentelle Beweis erbracht werden, dass der Widerstand hochohmiger Proben in den Zellwänden schon durch Sauerstoff bestimmt wird, während der Widerstand im Zellinneren noch durch EL2 bestimmt wird. Die anomale Verringerung der Hallbeweglichkeit in hochohmigen GaAs konnte eindeutig mit einer Erhöhung mesoskopischer elektrischer Inhomogenitäten korreliert werden.
8
Steinegger, Thomas. "Defect Engineering." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:105-8973489.
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Die Kenntnisse über die zur Passivierung führenden Wechselwirkungen des Verunreinigungselements Cu mit EL2 und EL6 wurden dahingehend erweitert, dass ein Gültigkeitsbereich für die Messungen zur Bestimmung der konzentrationsproportionalen Messgröße der Defekte festgelegt wurde. Der Defekt EL6 ist das die 0.8 eV-PL-Emission bedingende und die Ladungsträgerlebensdauer determinierende Rekombinationszentrum. Die Lebensdauer wird durch mindestens ein weiteres Zentrum beeinflusst. Die atomare Struktur des EL6 wurde mit AsGa VAs und die des weiteren Zentrums mit Asi bestimmt. Mittels Wärmebehandlung kann die Ladungsträgerlebensdauer gezielt beeinflusst werden. Bei der Bildung und Annihilation sowie der Verteilung der Defekte EL2, EL6, VGa und der As-Ausscheidungen besteht eine wechselseitige Korrelation. Sowohl strukturelle Defekte als auch die Inkorporation von Dotierelementen, deren Atomradien deutlich kleiner sind als Ga und As, stellen beeinflussende Faktoren dar. Das Defekt-Transformations-Modell erklärt die Bildung wachstumsfähiger Keime einer As-Ausscheidung durch EL2 bzw. EL6 mit den sich in der ersten Koordingationssphäre befindenden As-Atomen. Das Gitterrelaxations-Modell ermöglicht die Interpretation der katalytischen Wirkung des Dotierelements C. Die Umsetzung dieser Ergebnisse bedeutet die Anwendung des Defect Engineerings im SI-LEC-GaAs.
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Ben, Cherifa Ali. "Contribution à l'étude des défauts d'irradiation et du centre profond EL2 dans GaAs et GaAlAs par spectroscopie capacitive." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376117869.
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Ben, Cherifa Ali. "Contribution à l’étude des défauts d'irradiation et du centre profond EL2 dans GaAs et GaAlAs par spectroscopie capacitive." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0017.
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Le mécanisme de compensation des substrats AsGa est basé sur l'existence d'un défaut profond intrinsèque EL2 de type donneur qui compense les accepteurs légers résiduels. Sa nature microscopique exacte n'était pas bien connue au début de notre étude. Nous nous sommes proposés donc d'apporter une contribution importante à son identification et à la connaissance de ses propriétés dans GaAs n et p et dans Gal-x Al As. Dans ce but, nous avons tenté de le créer artificiellement Nous avons également étudié les défauts profonds dans les matériaux GaAs type p. Les techniques capacitives de caractérisation des défauts sont: DLTS, DLOS, ODLTS, TSCAP. Nos résultats peuvent se répartir en cinq grandes parties : 1) Dans les couches LPE et VPE de GaAs type n irradiées aux protons à 300°C, nous avons mis en évidence la création d'un défaut EAl présentant la même signature thermique que EL2. Toutefois nous avons montré que ce piège ne présente pas le phénomène de photoquenching caractéristique particulière de EL2. 2) Nous avons montré que EL2 est créé dans GaAs type n par irradiation aux neutrons et recuit isotherme de longue durée à 300 K. Ce résultat est confirmé par l'existence du phénomène de métastabilité à 77 K. 3) Nous avons pour la première fois montré la présence de EL2 dans GaAs type p par DLTS à injection de minoritaires sur des jonctions n+p et par ODLTS sur des diodes Schottky. De plus, on a démontré que l'état double donneur du défaut EL2, se situe à 0. 52 eV de la bande de valence dans GaAs de type p. 4) Comme dans GaAs type n, nous avons mis en évidence la création artificielle du double état de charge de EL2 par irradiation aux neutrons dans GaAs type p. 5) Enfin, nous avons montré l'existence du défaut EL2 dans le composé ternaire Ga 1-x Alx. As élaboré par OMCVD et étudié ses propriétés en fonction de la composition x en A1. En particulier, nous avons mis en évidence le phénomène de photoquenching dans ces matériaux. L'ensemble de ces résultats est en bon accord avec'un défaut intrinsèque complexe du type AsGa + As ; proposé récemment.
11
Kang, Seong Jun. "Contribution à l'étude du centre EL2 dans GaAs semi-isolant par photoextinction des images de transmission infra-rouge." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20050.
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Cette etude presente une experimentation de photoextinction a basse temperature, dans le but d'etudier des images de transmission infra-rouge du centre el2 profond dans gaas semi-isolant. L'observation de la disparition macroscopique des details el2 dans les images reflete la caracteristique d'absorption el2. L'analyse detaillee montre, d'une part que la structure residuelle a l'etat de squelette persiste apres photoextinction a 80 t 120k et d'autre part que les mecanismes de transition lies a l'etat metastable el2* et de regeneration de l'etat normal el2 sont differents l'un de l'autre. Deux mecanismes distincts de transformation de el2 ont ete mis en evidence. Les images en contraste inverse, en bord de gap, sont obtenues a basse temperature. La bande d'energie de ces transitions est fixe alors que la bande interdite diminue lorsque la temperature diminue, ceci indique que ces transitions se font sur des niveaux localises non lies au reseau. On a clairement montre par l'image les concentrations de el2 et des impuretes par rapport a la structure cellulaire
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Cui, A. G. (Aiguo G. ). "Nonlinear Optical Properties of GaAs at 1.06 micron, picosecond Pulse Investigation and Applications." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332605/.
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The author explores absorptive and refractive optical nonlinearities at 1.06 [mu]m in bulk, semi-insulating, undoped GaAs with a particular emphasis on the influence of the native deep-level defect known as EL2. Picosecond pump-probe experimental technique is used to study the speed, magnitude, and origin of the absorptive and refractive optical nonlinearities and to characterize the dynamics of the optical excitation of EL2 in three distinctly different undoped, semi-insulating GaAs samples. Intense optical excitation of these materials leads to the redistribution of charge among the EL2 states resulting in an absorptive nonlinearity due to different cross sections for electron and hole generation through this level. This absorptive nonlinearity is used in conjunction with the linear optical properties of the material and independent information regarding the EL2 concentration to extract the cross section ratio [sigma][sub p]/[sigma][sub e] [approx equal]0.8, where [sigma][sub p](e) is the absorption cross section for hole (electron) generation from EL2[sup +] (EL2[sup 0]). The picosecond pump-probe technique can be used to determine that EL2/EL2[sup +]density ratio in an arbitrary undoped, semi-insulating GaAs sample. The author describes the use of complementary picosecond pump-probe techniques that are designed to isolate and quantify cumulative and instantaneous absorptive and refractive nonlinear processes. Numerical simulations of the measurements are achieved by solving Maxwell equations with the material equations in a self-consistent manner. The numerical analysis together with the experimental data allows extraction of a set of macroscopic nonlinear optical parameters in undoped GaAs. The nonlinearities in this material have been used to construct three proof-of-principle nonlinear optical devices for use at 1.06 [mu]m: (1) a weak beam amplifier, (2) a polarization rotation optical switch, and (3) optical limiters.
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Nguyen, Thi Ai Nhung [Verfasser], and Gernot [Akademischer Betreuer] Frenking. "Quantum Chemical Investigations of Complexes with Tetrylone Ligands EL2 (E = C - Pb) / Thi Ai Nhung Nguyen. Betreuer: Gernot Frenking." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032314044/34.
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Ranz, Emmanuel. "Contribution à l'étude des défauts DX et EL2 et propriétés de transport dans les plans de dopage GalnAs, GaAs et dans les hétérojonctions InGaAs/AlGaAs, GalnP/GaAs." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0041.
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Les divers etats metastables de type masse effective associes au centre dx dans algaas sont etudies au voisinage du croisement de bande. L'approfondissement anormal du niveau gamma sous champ magnetique revele la presence d'un etat de symetrie a1 identifie comme le troisieme etat du centre dx. L'etat metastable du niveau el2 dans gaas possede un niveau additionnel (o/-) resonnant capable de pieger les porteurs sous pression hydrostatique. Dans cet echantillon, la concentration de porteurs, proche de la densite critique de mott, a permis l'etude de la transition metal isolant induite par champ magnetique. Le modele de thomas-fermi adapte aux structures a plan de dopage dans gainas et gaas et les resultats de magnetotransport ont permis de degager certaines conclusions quant aux effets lies a l'elargissement du profil de dopage ou de non-parabolicite. Les structures a plans de dopage multiples sont ensuite etudiees. Enfin, les resultats de magnetotransport dans les heterojonctions ingaas/algaas, gainp/gaas sont analyses, en particulier la conduction parallele due a la presence de porteurs dans la barriere
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Kretzer, Ulrich. "Punktdefekte und elektrische Kompensation in Galliumarsenid-Einkristallen." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200800035.
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Gustin, Santiago. "Differences in Syntactic Complexity in the Writing of EL1 and ELL Civil Engineering Students." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5129.
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Traditional studies in syntactic complexity consider increased clausal complexity to be characteristic of development, proficiency and growth in written language production. However, this stereotypical view ignores two important facts. First, complexity differs by register (i.e. daily speech versus formal writing). Second, as the proficiency of writers increases, their complexity in formal writing changes from clausal complexity to phrasal complexity (i.e. lower-proficiency writers have more subordinate clauses whereas higher-proficiency writers tend to have more noun phrases). Therefore, in this study, I argue for the need to consider not just clausal complexity but also phrasal complexity measures when assessing development and performance in second language (L2) writing production. In addition, this study addresses two important gaps that remain understudied in the literature of syntactic complexity. First, there are few studies that analyze changes in syntactic complexity of first-language (L1) Spanish English Language Learners (ELL)'s writing. A few studies have analyzed writers' L1 background as an influential factor in complexity, but an important language such as Spanish has been ignored. Additionally, most studies focus on general academic writing (i.e. argumentative essays), but there are no studies that investigate syntactic complexity in other registers and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) areas. For instance, there are no studies in syntactic complexity that focus on civil engineering, which is an area where writing plays a vital role. Hence, this study intends to fill these gaps by looking at the syntactic complexity of civil engineering student writing, including Spanish L1 writers.
The present study investigated syntactic complexity in the writing of English-as- their-first-language (EL1) and English-language-learner (ELL) civil engineering student writing. Taking a contrastive corpus-based approach, I used the L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer (L2SCA) (Lu, 2010) to analyze measures of clausal and phrasal complexity. In particular, I used two measures of clausal complexity (clauses per sentence and dependent clauses per clause) and three measures of phrasal complexity (mean length of clause, coordinate phrases per clause, and complex nominals per clause). The analysis was focused on a total of 74 samples of student writing: 30 ELL low-level texts, 14 ELL high-level texts, and 30 EL1 texts. The quantitative analysis consisted of non-parametric statistical tests applied between groups (i.e. ELL-low vs ELL-high, ELL-low vs EL1, and ELL-high vs EL1).
The statistical analysis indicated that the writing of both ELL student groups was significantly more clausally complex than the writing of EL1 students on both clausal complexity measures. No differences were found in phrasal complexity, and no developmental trends were found in relation to levels of proficiency among writers. All groups exhibited high levels of internal diversity and lack of within-group consistency.
The pedagogical implications of this study include familiarizing ELL students with the characteristics of professional engineering writing as a way to break the stereotype that more clausally complex sentences entail more advanced and more proficient writing. ESP instructors should try to identify characteristics of the syntactic complexity particular to their field so that they can provide appropriate feedback to their students. Moreover, ESP programs with Spanish-speaking students should pay attention to clausal complexity as potential linguistic transfer from students' L1 into the writing production in the L2.
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Florêncio, Luiz Augusto da Silva. "Análise de confiabilidade geotécnica de estruturas de contenção em balanço executadas em areia." PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL, 2018. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/25337.
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Previous issue date: 2018-02-26<br>Estruturas geotécnicas estão sujeitas a incertezas decorrentes da variabilidade
natural do solo e do conhecimento limitado dos diversos eventos envolvidos. Nesse
sentido, a avaliação de incertezas em projetos geotécnicos pode ser feita mediante
aplicação da teoria da confiabilidade. Entretanto, apesar da adoção de analises
probabilísticas em normas internacionais e pesquisas científicas, pode-se dizer que,
no Brasil, sua aplicação ainda é escassa, especialmente, em estruturas de
contenção. Desse modo, nesse trabalho apresenta-se um estudo sobre
confiabilidade geotécnica de contenções de estacas em balanço executadas em
areia. Rotinas de cálculo computacional para análise de confiabilidade foram
inicialmente desenvolvidas utilizando-se a linguagem Python. O primeiro grupo de
rotinas foi desenvolvido para Estado Limite Último (ELU) através do método FORM
(First Order Reliability Method) e da simulação de Monte Carlo. O segundo grupo de
rotinas refere-se à análise de confiabilidade para Estado Limite de Serviço (ELS)
mediante simulação de Monte Carlo. Uma contenção com características
tipicamente executadas na cidade de Natal-RN foi analisada utilizando-se as rotinas
desenvolvidas e para a realização de um estudo paramétrico. Para o ELS utilizou-se
ainda o software de elementos finitos Plaxis 2D para obter os deslocamentos
horizontais da contenção. A contenção analisada apresentou alta confiabilidade para
o ELU com probabilidade de falha nula para os dois métodos probabilísticos e alto
índice de confiabilidade tanto para o FORM quanto na simulação de Monte Carlo.
Para o ELS, o aumento dos deslocamentos horizontais máximos permitidos diminuiu
a probabilidade de falha e aumentou o índice de confiabilidade da contenção, em
ambos os casos, com tendência linear. As análises de sensibilidade revelaram que o
ângulo de atrito do solo foi a variável mais influente no ELU e ELS na grande maioria
dos casos. O peso específico seco, por sua vez, teve baixa influência em todas as análises. Os métodos de sensibilidade aplicados juntos com o Plaxis 2D tiveram
resultados satisfatórios para as avaliações da função de estado limite realizadas. Em
relação à análise paramétrica, o superdimensionamento da ficha da contenção
executada diminuiu a influência da variabilidade das propriedades do solo nos
resultados. O efeito da variação das características do solo nos resultados só foi
expressivo adotando-se valores de ficha menores que o executado. Nesse caso,
considerando a profundidade de escavação constante, o aumento da ficha diminuiu
a probabilidade de falha usando os dois métodos probabilísticos e os valores dos
pontos de projeto fornecidos pelo FORM. A distribuição lognormal diminuiu a
probabilidade de falha das análises no ELS.<br>Geotechnical structures are subject to different uncertainties due to the natural
variability of the soil and because of the limited knowledge of the several related
events. The evaluation of these uncertainties is possible with the application of the
reliability theory. Despite the discussion on this topic presented in international
standards and scientific researches, the application of the probabilistic theory in
Brazil is still unusual, especially for retaining structures. Accordingly, this work
presents a study on geotechnical reliability of cantilever pile walls in sand. First,
computational routines were developed for reliability analysis using the Python
language. The first series of routines was developed to evaluate the reliability for the
Ultimate Limit State (ULS) of the structure using FORM (First Order Reability
Method) and Monte Carlo simulation. The second group of routines was devised to
evaluate the reliability for the Service Limit State (SLS) using Monte Carlo simulation.
A project of a cantilever pile wall embedded in sandy soil, which is typically
constructed in the city of Natal/RN, Brazil, was analyzed using the computational
routines. A parametric study was conducted based on this specific retaining wall.
Particularly for SLS evaluation, the Plaxis 2D finite element software was used to
obtain the horizontal displacement values of the cantilever wall. The retaining
structure presented high reliability for the ULS with insignificant probability of failure
for both probabilistic methods and great reliability index values for the FORM and for
the Monte Carlo simulation. For SLS, the increase in maximum allowed horizontal
displacements decreased the failure probability and increased the pile wall reliability
index, in a linear trend. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the soil friction angle was
the most influential variable in ULS and SLS in most cases. On the other hand, soil
dry unit weight showed a low influence in all analyzed cases. Sensitivity methods coupled with Plaxis 2D exhibited satisfactory results for the implemented evaluations.
Regarding the parametric study, the oversized embedment depth of the structure led
to a reduced influence of soil property variability on reliability analyses. The effect of
soil properties variations on the results was significant only for adopted embedment
depth smaller than that actually executed. For a constant depth of excavation,
increasing embedment depths decreased the failure probability found by the two
probabilistic methods and increased the design points provided by the FORM. The
use of lognormal distribution reduced the failure probability of the SLS analyzes.
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Dessureault, Marylene. "L'éducation des élèves réfugiés du niveau secondaire en Ontario : vers un modèle inclusif de prestation de programmes et services?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20468.
Full textAbstract:
Par le biais d’une étude de cas portant sur un conseil scolaire anglophone ontarien, la recherche entreprise avait pour objectif l’analyse de la mise en œuvre de politiques touchant l’éducation des élèves réfugiés du niveau secondaire en Ontario, soit la politique à l’égard des élèves English language learners de 2007 ainsi que la Stratégie ontarienne d’équité et d’éducation inclusive de 2009. La réalisation d’entrevues semi-dirigées auprès d’informateurs clés du conseil scolaire, du ministère de l’Éducation de l’Ontario et d’un organisme local d’aide à l’établissement des nouveaux arrivants, l’analyse de documents publiés par les deux premières entités ainsi que l’observation non participante à des réunions de comités consultatifs du conseil scolaire ont permis l’exploration de l’impact constaté ou potentiel de la mise en œuvre de ces politiques sur la mise en place d’un modèle de système inclusif de prestation de programmes et services en matière d’éducation des élèves réfugiés du niveau secondaire.
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Feldkircher, Martin, Thomas Gruber, and Florian Huber. "Spreading the word or reducing the term spread? Assessing spillovers from euro area monetary policy." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5554/1/wp248.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
As a consequence of asset purchases by the European Central Bank (ECB), longer-term yields in the euro area decline, and spreads between euro area long-term yields narrow. To assess spillovers of these recent financial developments, we use a Bayesian variant of the global vector autoregressive (BGVAR) model with stochastic volatility and propose a novel mixture of zero impact and sign restrictions that we impose on the cross-section of the data. Both shocks generate positive and significant spillovers to industrial production in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE) and other non-euro area EU member states. These effects are transmitted via the financial channel (mainly through interest rates and equity prices) and outweigh costs of appreciation pressure on local currencies vis-á-vis the euro (trade channel). While these results represent general trends, we also find evidence for both cross-country heterogeneity of effects within the euro area and region-specific spillovers thereof.<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Feldkircher, Martin, and Kazuhiko Kakamu. "How does monetary policy affect income inequality in Japan? Evidence from grouped data." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6215/1/inequality_v4.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
We examine the effects of monetary policy on income inequality in Japan using a novel econometric approach that jointly estimates the Gini coefficient based on micro-level grouped data of households and the dynamics of macroeconomic quantities. Our results indicate different effects on income inequality for different types of households: A monetary tightening increases inequality when income data is based on households whose head is employed (workers' households), while the effect reverses over the medium term when considering a broader definition of households. Differences in the relative strength of the
transmission channels can account for this finding. Finally we demonstrate that the proposed joint estimation strategy leads to more informative inference while results based on the frequently used two-step estimation approach yields inconclusive results.<br>Series: Working Papers in Regional Science
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Feldkircher, Martin, and Florian Huber. "Unconventional US Monetary Policy: New Tools, Same Channels?" WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4934/1/wp222.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper we compare the transmission of a conventional monetary policy shock with that of an unexpected decrease in the term spread, which mirrors quantitative easing. Employing a time-varying vector autoregression with stochastic volatility, our results are two-fold: First, the spread shock works mainly through a boost to consumer wealth growth, while a conventional monetary policy shock affects real output growth via a broad credit / bank
lending channel. Second, both shocks exhibit a distinct pattern over our sample period. More specifically, we find small output effects of a conventional monetary policy shock during the period of the global financial crisis and stronger effects in its aftermath. This might imply that when the central bank has left the policy rate unaltered for an extended period of time, a policy surprise might boost output particularly strongly. By contrast, the
spread shock has affected output growth most strongly during the period of the global financial crisis and less so thereafter. This might point to diminishing
effects of large scale asset purchase programs. (authors' abstrct)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Hauzenberger, Niko, and Florian Huber. "Model instability in predictive exchange rate regressions." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6770/1/wp276.pdf.
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In this paper we aim to improve existing empirical exchange rate models by accounting for uncertainty with respect to the underlying structural representation. Within a flexible Bayesian non-linear time series framework, our modeling approach assumes that different regimes are characterized by commonly used structural exchange rate models, with their evolution being driven by a Markov process. We assume a time-varying transition probability matrix with transition probabilities depending on a measure of the monetary policy stance of the central bank at the home and foreign country. We apply this model to a set of eight exchange rates against the US dollar. In a forecasting exercise, we show that model evidence varies over time and a model approach that takes this empirical evidence seriously yields improvements in accuracy of density forecasts for most currency pairs considered.<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Huber, Florian, and Manfred M. Fischer. "A Markov switching factor-augmented VAR model for analyzing US business cycles and monetary policy." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4626/1/wp201.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This paper develops a multivariate regime switching monetary policy model for the US economy. To exploit a large dataset we use a factor-augmented VAR with discrete regime shifts, capturing distinct business cycle phases. The transition probabilities are modelled as time-varying, depending on a broad set of indicators that influence business cycle movements. The model is used to investigate the relationship between business cycle phases and monetary policy. Our results indicate that the effects of monetary policy are stronger in recessions, whereas the responses are more muted in expansionary phases. Moreover, lagged prices serve as good predictors for business cycle transitions.<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Horvath, Roman, Lorant Kaszab, Ales Marsal, and Katrin Rabitsch. "Determinants of Fiscal Multipliers Revisited." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/7167/1/wp294.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
We generalize a simple New Keynesian model and show that a flattening of the Phillips curve reduces the size of fiscal multipliers at the zero lower bound (ZLB) on the nominal interest rate. The factors behind the flatting are consistent with micro- and macroeconomic empirical evidence: it is a result of, not a higher level of price rigidity, but an increase in the degree of strategic complementarity in price-setting -- invoked by the assumption of a specific instead of an economy-wide labour market, and decreasing instead of constant-returns-to-scale. In normal times, the efficacy of fiscal policy and resulting multipliers tends to be small because negative wealth effects crowd out consumption, and because monetary policy endogenously reacts to fiscally-driven
increases in inflation and output by raising rates, offsetting part of the stimulus. In times of a binding ZLB and a fixed nominal rate, an increase in (expected) inflation instead lowers the real rate, leading to larger fiscal multipliers. Conditional on being in a ZLB-environment, under a flatter Phillips curve, increases in expected inflation are lower, so that fiscal multipliers at the ZLB tend to be lower. Finally, we also discuss the role of solution methods in determining the size of fiscal multipliers.<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Florian Huber, and Luca Onorante. "The macroeconomic effects of international uncertainty shocks." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5462/1/wp245.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
We propose a large-scale Bayesian VAR model with factor stochastic volatility to investigate the macroeconomic consequences of international uncertainty shocks on the G7 countries. The factor structure enables us to identify an international uncertainty shock by assuming that it is the factor most correlated with forecast errors related to equity markets and permits fast sampling of the model. Our findings suggest that the estimated uncertainty factor is strongly related to global equity price volatility, closely tracking other prominent measures commonly adopted to assess global uncertainty. The dynamic responses of a set of macroeconomic and financial variables show that an international uncertainty shock exerts a powerful effect on all economies and variables under consideration.<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Dorsey, Jonathan. "Elo RegressionExtending the Elo Rating System." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1555587309160256.
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Thrift, Tanya Marie. "Effects of long-term winter-spring grazing on foothill rangeland." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/thrift/ThriftT0506.pdf.
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Weiland, Trina M. "Prevalence and intensity of meningeal worms (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) and liver flukes (Fascioloides magna) in elk (Cervus elaphus) of northern Wisconsin /." Link to full text, 2008. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2008/Weiland.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 2008.<br>Submitted in partial fulfullment of the requirements of the degree Master of Science in Natural Resources (Wildlife), College of Natural Resources. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 9-17, 27-33, 48-53).
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Hein, Eckhard. "Shareholder value orientation, distribution and growth - short- and medium-run effects in a Kaleckian model." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/930/1/document.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
We discuss the effects of rising shareholder power on distribution and capital accumulation in a Kaleckian model. Increasing shareholder power is associated with decreasing managements' animal spirits, on the one hand, and increasing dividends distributed to shareholders, on the other hand. In the short run, increasing shareholder power may either have positive ('finance-led'), negative ('normal') or intermediate ('profits without investment') effects on capacity utilisation, profits and capital accumulation. In the medium run, the positive ('finance-led') effects may be maintained in a stable environment under very special conditions, whereas the negative ('normal') and the intermediate ('profits without investment') effects turn into cumulative disequilibrium processes with falling rates of capacity utilisation, profits and capital accumulation and rising debt- and rentiers' equity-capital-ratios. (author´s abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
30
Huber, Florian, and Manfred M. Fischer. "Measuring the impact of unconventional monetary policy on the US business cycle." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4543/1/ms_favar%2Dv1.34.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The paper estimates a dynamic macroeconometric model for the US economy that captures two important features commonly observed in the study of the US business cycle, namely the strong co-movement of key macroeconomic quantities, and the distinction between expansionary and recessionary phases. The model extends the factor-augmented vector autoregressive model of Bernanke et al. (2005)
by combining Markov switching with factor augmentation, modeling the Markov switching probabilities endogenously, and adopting a full Bayesian estimation approach
which uses shrinkage priors for several parts of the parameter space. Exploiting a large data set for the US economy ranging from 1971:Q1 to 2014:Q2, the model is applied to measure not only the dynamic effects of unconventional monetary policy within distinct stages of the business cycle, but also the dynamic
response of the recession probabilities, based on conducting counterfactual simulations.
The results obtained provide new insights on the effect of monetary policy under changing business cycle phases, and highlight the importance of discriminating
between expansionary and recessionary phases of the business cycle when analyzing the impact of monetary policy on the macroeconomy. (authors' abstract)<br>Series: Working Papers in Regional Science
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Lukmanova, Elizaveta, and Katrin Rabitsch. "New VAR evidence on monetary transmission channels: temporary interest rate versus inflation target shocks." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6681/1/wp274.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
We augment a standard monetary VAR on output growth, inflation and the nominal interest rate with the central bank's inflation target, which we estimate from a New Keynesian DSGE model. Inflation target shocks give rise to a simultaneous increase in inflation and the nominal interest rate in the short run, at no output expense, which stands at the center of an active current debate on the Neo-Fisher effect. In addition, accounting for persistent monetary policy changes reflected in inflation target changes improves identification of a standard temporary nominal interest rate shock in that it strongly alleviates the price puzzle.<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
32
Radl, James. "Field and Bioassay Evaluations of Elm Flea Weevil (Orchestes steppensis Korotyaev) Adult Feeding Preference and Larval Mine Presence among New American (Ulmus americana) and Hybrid Elm (Ulmus spp.) Cultivars." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu153191097403527.
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Hohler, Deborah Dorothea. "Evaluation of habitat suitability models for elk and cattle." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2004. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/9208.
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Stockhammer, Engelbert, Özlem Onaran, and Stefan Ederer. "Functional income distribution and aggregate demand in the Euro-area." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/346/1/document.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
An increase in the wage share has contradictory effects on the subaggregates of aggregate demand. Private consumption expenditures ought to increase because wage incomes typically are associated with higher consumption propensities than capital incomes. Investment expenditures ought to be negatively affected because investment will positively depend on profits. Net exports will be negatively affected because an increase in the wage share corresponds to an increase in unit labor costs and thus a loss in competitiveness. Theoretically aggregate demand can therefore be either wage led or profit led depending on how these effects add up. The results will crucially depend on how open the economy is internationally. The paper estimates a Post-Kaleckian macro model incorporating these effects for the Euro area and finds that the Euro area is presently in a wage-led demand regime. Implications for wage policies are discussed. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
36
Panisello, Sabaté Susana. "Els deporats d’ETA: els oblidats del conflicte (1984-1998)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51249.
Full textAbstract:
La col•laboració entre el govern espanyol i el francès contra l’organització armada Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) va començar al gener de 1984 amb l’ús de les deportacions a tercers països. Els refugiats bascos que vivien al País Basc francès i que eren detinguts van començar a ser enviats a llocs americans i africans. Aquesta pràctica va estar vigent entre 1984 i 1990. Però els deportats van continuar vivint als tercers països i hi ha qui encara hi viu. La deportació va ser la mesura que el govern francès va usar abans de decidir-se a extradir cap a Espanya. Va implicar a tercers països que van acollir als bascos a canvi de compensacions econòmiques espanyoles. Aquestes es produïen a través d’Ajudes Oficials al Desenvolupament. Va acabar per convertir-se en una mesura oblidada pel pas del temps.<br>The collaboration between the French and the Spanish government against the armed organization Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) began in January 1984 with the use of deportations to third countries. Refugees living in the French Basque Country and who were arrested began to be sent to African and American places. This practice was in force between 1984 and 1990. But the deportees continued living in third countries and now there are someone who are still alive. The deportation was the extent that the French government used before deciding to extradite to Spain. It implied in third countries that they accommodated the Basques in exchange for Spanish economical compensations. These were produced through Official Development Assistance. Eventually become a measure forgotten by time.
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Christianson, David Alan. "Risk effects in Elk (Cervus elaphus) behavioral and nutritional responses to wolves and environmental conditions /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/christianson/ChristiansonD0508.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Until recently, predators have been though to regulate prey primarily through direct predation, in ecosystems where top down effects have been shown to be important. However, experiments and recent empirical observations show that the costs of antipredator responses in individuals that successfully avoid predation can exert equal or larger driving forces on population dynamics than the numerical effect of direct predation. Such a mechanism has not been explored in a large terrestrial vertebrate. I explored the antipredator responses of elk (Cervus elaphus) to wolves (Canis lupus) in the Upper Gallatin Canyon of southwest Montana, USA, December through May in the winters of 2003-2006. First I reviewed elk winter diet studies to understand what drives elk foraging behavior. Next I modeled the consequences of diet shifts in grazing and browsing on mass dynamics in wintering female elk. I also developed a new nutritional index, fecal chlorophyll, that I used primarily between winter and spring periods of nutrition as foraging constraints (and costs of antipredator response) would be quite different between these two periods. Specifically, I measured foraging behavior, diet selection, and nutrient balance in wintering elk and monitored daily predation risk as wolves moved naturally, in and out of four creek drainages that formed the primary winter range. Elk showed great sensitivity to fine-scale descriptions of wolf predation risk in nearly every response variable. In particular, adult female elk increased browsing on woody stems, sagebrush, and confers while adult males showed the opposition response and increased grazing on days when wolves were present in the same drainage. This work implies that predator may in fact play a large role in ecosystems including ecosystems where predators were deemed non-influential and bottom up effects important.
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Harris, Nyeema Charmaine. "Monitoring survival of young in ungulates a case study with Rocky Mountain elk /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05212007-160829/.
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Paige, Dwayne Keith. "Factors affecting the population structure and dynamics of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in the Cedar River watershed, Washington /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5571.
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Huber, Florian, Manfred M. Fischer, and Philipp Piribauer. "The role of US based FDI flows for global output dynamics." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5427/3/wp239.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This paper uses a global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model to analyze the relationship between FDI inflows and output dynamics in a multi-country context. The GVAR model enables us to make two important contributions: First, to model international linkages among a large number of countries, which is a key asset given the diversity of countries involved, and second, to model foreign direct investment and output dynamics jointly. The country-specific small-dimensional vector autoregressive submodels are estimated utilizing a Bayesian version of the model coupled with stochastic search variable selection priors to account for model uncertainty. Using a sample of 15 emerging and advanced economies over the period 1998:Q1 to 2012:Q4, we find that US outbound FDI exerts a positive long-term effect on output. Asian and Latin American economies tend to react faster and also stronger than Western European countries. Forecast error variance decompositions indicate that FDI plays a prominent role in explaining GDP fluctuations, especially in emerging market economies. Our findings provide evidence for policy makers to design macroeconomic policies to attract FDI inflows in the respective countries.<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Bachtrögler, Julia, Harald Badinger, de Clairfontaine Aurélien Fichet, and Wolf Heinrich Reuter. "Summarizing Data using Partially Ordered Set Theory: An Application to Fiscal Frameworks in 97 Countries." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4283/1/wp181.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The widespread use of composite indices has often been motivated by their practicality to quantify qualitative data in an easy and intuitive way. At the same time, this approach has been challenged due to the subjective and partly ad hoc nature of computation, aggregation and weighting techniques as well as the handling of missing data. Partially ordered set (POSET) theory offers an alternative approach for summarizing qualitative data in terms of quantitative indices, which relies on a computation scheme that fully exploits the available information and does not require the subjective assignment of weights. The present paper makes the case for an increased use of POSET theory in the social sciences and provides a comparison of POSET indices and composite indices (from previous studies) measuring the 'stringency' of fiscal frameworks using data from the OECD Budget Practices and Procedures survey (2007/08). (authors' abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Shoham, Vincent Michael. "How Mainstream Teachers in a Low Incidence District Perceive their Competence, and the Effectiveness of their Training and Professional Development, in Managing the Needs of ELL Students." University of Findlay / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=findlay1627754837663487.
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Myklebust, Marit Lena. "Elg i kantsone : - En GIS-analyse av arealbruk hos elg." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Geografisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17034.
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Oppgaven er knyttet til prosjektet Elgundersøkelser i Nord-Trøndelag, Bindal og Rissa 2005-2010, som er gjennomført av Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA), og bygger videre på enkelte av deres resultater. Formålet med oppgaven har vært å kartlegge elgs bruk av kantsoner. Geografiske informasjonssystemer har vært den metodiske verktøyet for oppgaven. Det har vært en stor økning i elgbestanden her til lands de siste 40 årene. Dette skyldes flere faktorer som annet bedre forvaltning, mildere klima, og få rovdyr som naturlige fiender, men også økt tilgang på mat grunnet omlegging av jordbruk og skogbruk. De siste 20-30 årene har det vært en minskning av hogstflater, noe som gir utslag i økningen av kantsoner. Kantsoner er områder der to arealklasser eller habitattyper grenser mot hverandre, og gir gode vekstbetingelser for vegetasjon grunnet bedre lystilgang. Kantsonene er undersøkt med hensyn til om de blir brukt mer enn det de skulle tilsi i forhold til forekomsten av dem. Det er også undersøkt om det er sesongvariasjoner i elgs bruk av kantsonene, og om det forekommer kjønnsvariasjoner i bruken av disse. Det ble generert to ulike kantsonedatasett, der bredden på kantsonene var 20 meter og 40 meter. Det ble også framstilt et datasett over elgenes månedlige leveområder. Alle kantsonene som ble undersøkt ble brukt mer enn arealet av dem skulle tilsi, det var flest forekomster i kantsonen mellom jernbane og dyrka mark. Tidligere undersøkelser (Rolandsen et al. 2010) viser til at elgen oppholder seg mye langs jernbanen, da den ikke oppfatter jernbanespor som en trussel på lik linje som veg, i tillegg til at det er mye attraktiv mat langs jernbanen. Det var også en årlig variasjon i elgens bruk av kantsoner. Kantsonene ble mest brukt i vår- og sommersesongen, noe som sammenfaller med vekstsesongen for planter. Dette stemmer også overens med elgens fordøyelsessystem, som gjør det lettere å fordøye planter i et tidlig voksestadium, da de inneholder lite cellulose og lignin. Kyr og okser brukte kantsonene ulikt. Resultatene viste et gjennomgående mønster i ulike preferanser av kantsonene mellom kjønnene. Okser foretrakk kantsoner mellom myr og skog, veg og dyrka mark og dyrka mark og skog. Mens kyr brukte mest kantsonene mellom innmark og skog, jernbane og skog og dyrka mark og jernbane. Bredden på kantsonene gjorde utslag kun i kantsonen myr og dyrka mark, der kyr brukte mest kantsonene på 20 meters bredde, mens okser foretrakk kantsoner på 40 meters bredde.
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Canbolat, Nilay. "Investigating Elt Instructors." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615760/index.pdf.
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This study aims at finding out instructors&rsquo<br>perceived competencies in Teachers
of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) and Ministry of Education
(MONE) competencies, and accordingly exploring strengths and weaknesses of
the ELT undergraduate program as well as providing suggestions for a more
effective and fruitful program. At the first phase of the research, a questionnaire
is given to seventy-five participants, working in the department of Foreign
Languages at various universities. For the second phase of the study, an
interview prepared in the light of the questionnaire results is conducted with
thirty-four of aforementioned participants.
The results of this study illustrate that the participants find themselves more
competent in learning, language proficiency, planning, instructing, and content
than assessing, identity and context, and commitment and professionalism since
the participants believe in the need of improving themselves in latter standards.
Similarly, they consider the methodology, general education and language
components of the ELT undergraduate program effective because they find
those components practical and focused during the program while the literature
and linguistics components are thought to be ineffective in preparing them for
the profession as the methodology of these components, which is not integratedwith ELT enough. Lastly, in the lights of these findings, some suggestions are
made for improving the program.
For further research, all ELT teachers&rsquo<br>perceptions in Turkey can be
investigated and suggestions for a better undergraduate program can be asked.
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Pozuelo, Ollé Òscar. "L'Eventivitat en els textos i en els diccionaris especialitzats en biomedicina." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667927.
Full textAbstract:
En la present tesi doctoral estudiem la realització de l’eventivitat lèxica en un corpus textual i un corpus lexicogràfic sobre biopmedicina. Per a abordar les anàlisis, ens basem en la caracterització del valor especialitzat segons la teoria comunicativa de la terminologia (Cabré Castellví, 1992, 1999), i hi integrem les aportacions teòriques sobre el valor eventiu segons els paradigmes lingüístics principals —el generativisme (Chomsky, 1980; Grimshaw, 1990; Williams, 1994), el cognitivisme (Langacker, 1997), i el funcionalisme (Dik, 1997)—.
L’eventivitat, entesa com un valor semàntic relatiu a l’expressió de processos, accions, i canvis d’estat, té un correlat en les produccions discursives dels experts en biomedicina en català i en anglès i en dos registres. En el discurs especialitzat, l’eventivitat es realitza naturalment a través d’unitats lèxiques especialitzades nominals, verbals, o adjectivals; en descrivim les propietats des de diversos plans lingüístics a partir d’una metodologia de detecció semiautomàtica. Tanmateix, la representació lexicogràfica d’aquestes unitats lèxiques no cobreix íntegrament la casuística detectada respecte a l’eventivitat. En aquest sentit, establim les bases per a dissenyar una aplicació lexicogràfica que caracteritzi adequadament l’eventivitat en biomedicina.<br>En la presente tesis doctoral estudiamos la realización de la eventividad léxica en un corpus textual y un corpus lexicográfico sobre biomedicina. Para abordar los análisis, partimos de la caracterización del valor especializado según la teoría comunicativa de la terminología (Cabré Castellví, 1992, 1999), e integramos las aportaciones teóricas sobre el valor eventivo según los paradigmas lingüísticos principales —el generativismo (Chomsky, 1980; Grimshaw, 1990; Williams, 1994), el cognitivismo (Langacker, 1997), y el funcionalismo (Dik, 1997)—.
La eventividad, en tanto que valor semántico relativo a la expresión de procesos, acciones, y cambios de estado, se manifiesta en las producciones discursivas de los expertos en biomedicina en catalán y en inglés, en dos registros. En el discurso especializado, la eventividad se realiza naturalmente a través de unidades léxicas especializadas nominales, verbales, o adjetivales; describimos sus propiedades desde varios planos lingüísticos a partir de una metodología de detección semiautomática. Sin embargo, la representación lexicográfica de dichas unidades léxicas no cubre íntegramente la casuística detectada respecto de la eventividad. En este sentido, establecemos las bases para el diseño de una aplicación lexicográfica que dé cuenta adecuadamente de la eventividad en biomedicina.<br>In this doctoral dissertation we study the realization of lexical eventivity in a textual corpus and a lexicographic corpus on biomedicine. To carry out our analysis, we focus on the characterization of the specialized value according to the communicative theory of terminology (Cabré Castellví, 1992, 1999), adding up theoretical contributions related to the eventive value according to different main linguistic paradigms —generativism (Chomsky, 1980; Grimshaw, 1990; Williams, 1994), cognitivism (Langacker, 1997), and functionalism (Dik, 1997)—.
Eventivity, as a semantic value related to the expression of processes, actions, and changes of state, correlates with discursive productions of experts in biomedicine in Catalan and English, in two registers. In specialized discourse, eventivity is conveyed through nominal, verbal, or adjectival specialized lexical units. Their properties are described regarding different linguistic plans, and their detection is achieved via a semi-automatic methodology. However, the lexicographical representation of these lexical units does not cover the full range of properties detected in relation to eventivity. In this regard, we set the bases to design a lexicographical application that adequately characterizes eventivity in biomedicine.
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Gude, Justin Albert. "Applying risk allocation theory in a large mammal predator-prey system." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/gude/GudeJ04.pdf.
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Understanding the behaviorally-mediated indirect effects of predators in ecosystems requires knowledge of predator-prey behavioral interactions, and the risk allocation hypothesis can be used to make predictions about such interactions. In predator-ungulate-plant systems, empirical research quantifying how predators affect ungulate group sizes and distribution, in the context of other influential variables, is particularly needed. We determined non-predation variables that affect elk (Cervus elaphus) group sizes and distribution on a winter range in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), using regression analyses of 1219 elk groups counted and mapped over 12 years prior to wolf (Canis lupus) recolonization. We next examined the relevance of these non-wolf-predation variables in the presence of wolves using logistic and linear regression on surveys of 513 1-km² areas conducted over 2 years. Using model selection techniques, we evaluated risk allocation and other a priori hypotheses of elk group size and distributional responses to wolf predation risk while accounting for influential nonwolf- predation variables. We found little evidence that wolves affect elk group sizes, which were strongly influenced by habitat type. Following predictions from the risk allocation hypothesis, wolves likely created a more dynamic elk distribution in areas that they frequently hunted, as elk tended to move during the period of safety following wolf encounters in those areas. We predict that this distributional response to wolf predation risk should decrease the spatial heterogeneity of elk impacts on grasslands in areas that wolves frequently hunt. We also predict that this response should decrease browsing pressure on heavily-browsed woody plant stands in certain areas, which is supported by recent research in the GYE. This research highlights the importance of predator-prey behavioral interactions in large mammal systems.
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Bennett, Kathryn D. "Development and evaluation of movement corridors used by Rocky Mountain Elk within the vicinity of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of Master of Science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2006. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/BennettKathrynD/index.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2006.<br>The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on January 28, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Stockhammer, Engelbert, and Stefan Ederer. "Demand effects of the falling wage share in Austria." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1020/1/document.pdf.
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This paper aims at empirically estimating the demand effects of changes in functional income distribution for Austria. Based on a Post-Kaleckian macro model, this paper estimates the effects of a change in the wage share on the main demand aggregates. The results for the behavioral functions for consumption, investment, prices, exports and imports are compared with the specifications of the WIFO macro model and the IHS macro model. A reduction in the wage share has a restrictive effect on domestic demand as consumption decreases more strongly than investment increases. Because of the strong effects on net exports the overall effects of a decrease in the wage share are expansionary. However the latter effect operates only as far as the fall in the wage share increases competitiveness. As wage shares were also falling in Austria's main trading partners, the effect seems to have been neutralized. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Stockhammer, Engelbert, Eckhard Hein, and Lucas Grafl. "Globalization and the effects of changes in functional income distribution on aggregate demand in Germany." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1104/1/document.pdf.
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Germany has experienced a period of extreme nominal and real wage moderation since the mid 1990s. Contrary to the expectations of liberal economists this has failed to improve Germany's mediocre economic performance. However, Germany is now running substantial current account surpluses. One possible explanation for Germany's disappointing performance is found in Kaleckian theory, which highlights that the domestic demand effect of a decline in the wage share will typically be contractionary, whereas net exports will increase (Blecker 1989). The size of the foreign demand effect will critically depend on the degree of openness of the economy. The paper aims at estimating the demand side of a Bhaduri-Marglin (1990) -type model empirically for Germany. The paper builds on the estimation strategy of Stockhammer, Onaran and Ederer (2007) and Hein and Vogel (2008a, 2008b). The main contribution lies in a careful analysis of the effects of globalization. Since Germany is a large open economy by now it is a particularly interesting case study. (author´s abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Stockhammer, Engelbert, and Lucas Grafl. "Financial uncertainty and business investment." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/564/1/document.pdf.
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The paper seeks to contribute to the empirical analysis of financial uncertainty and investment from a Post Keynesian perspective. The paper uses the volatility of the exchange rate, the volatility of the stock market index, and the real gold price as indicators for financial uncertainty. An increase in the volatility of a variable is a sufficient, but not a necessary condition for an increase in uncertainty (regarding this variable). The effects of changes in uncertainty on investment are investigated econometrically for the USA, the UK, the Netherlands, Germany, and France. Financial uncertainty has significant negative effects in the USA and the Netherlands. (author´s abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series