Relevant bibliographies by topics / EL2

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'EL2'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "EL2"

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Banerjee, Antara A., Madhavi Dupakuntla, Bhakti R. Pathak, and Smita D. Mahale. "FSH receptor-specific residues L501 and I505 in extracellular loop 2 are essential for its function." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 54, no. 3 (June 2015): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-14-0275.

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The extracellular loop 2 (EL2) of FSH receptor (FSHR) plays a pivotal role in various events downstream of FSH stimulation. Because swapping the six FSHR-specific residues in EL2 (chimeric EL2M) with those from LH/choriogonadotropin receptor resulted in impaired internalization of FSH–FSHR complex and low FSH-induced cAMP production, six substitution mutants of EL2 were generated to ascertain the contribution of individual amino acids to the effects shown by chimeric EL2M. Results revealed that L501F mainly and I505V to a lesser extent contribute to the diminished receptor function in chimeric EL2M. HEK293 cells stably expressing WT and chimeric EL2M FSHR were generated to track the fate of the receptors post FSH induction. The chimeric EL2M FSHR stable clone showed weak internalization and cAMP response similar to transiently transfected cells. Furthermore, reduced FSH-induced ERK phosphorylation was also observed. The interaction of activated chimeric EL2M and L501F FSHR with β-arrestins was weak compared with WT FSHR, thus explaining the impaired internalization of chimeric EL2M and corroborating the indispensable role of EL2 in receptor function.
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Yokota, Katsuhiro, Hideto Kuchii, Kazuhiro Nakamura, Masanori Sakaguchi, Hiromichi Takano, and Yasunori Ando. "EL2, EL3, and EL6 defects in GaAs highly implanted with sulfur." Journal of Applied Physics 88, no. 9 (November 2000): 5017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1315331.

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Golvankar, Kapil, Mohammed Abdul Kader, Abhilash Abdul Latheef, Ahamed Babiker Mohammed Ali, Shahabe Saquib Abullais, and Mohammed Sibagathullah. "Comparison of Accuracy in Determining the Root Canal Working Length by Using Two Generations of Apex Locators – An In Vitro Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 19 (September 11, 2019): 3276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.696.

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AIM: The present in-vitro study aims to compare the accuracy of root canal working length determination between the third generation and fourth generation electronic apex locators. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty extracted single-rooted single canal teeth were selected for the study, and a definite coronal plane was prepared. Actual working length (AL) was measured using a stereomicroscope under 8X magnification. Electronic working length measurements were recorded using Root ZX (EL1) and Elements Diagnostic Unit (EL2) apex locators. One-way ANOVA test was carried out to analyse the data among the experimental groups. RESULTS: The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that difference in the working length determined by either apex locators (EL1 and EL2) and actual length determined under a stereomicroscope (AL) was statistically not significant. The independent ‘t’ test comparing between groups EL1 and AL; and EL2 and AL showed that working length determined by either of the apex locators (EL1 and EL2) and actual length determined under a stereomicroscope (AL) was statistically not significant. CONCLUSION: In this in vitro study, the Root ZX and Elements Diagnostic Unit apex locators are equally accurate for determination of working length when compared to actual working length.
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Shimizu, Yoshimi, Yoshitaka Shirasago, Takeru Suzuki, Tomoyuki Hata, Masuo Kondoh, Kentaro Hanada, Kiyohito Yagi, and Masayoshi Fukasawa. "Characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing each extracellular loop domain of occludin." Journal of Biochemistry 166, no. 4 (May 11, 2019): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvz037.

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Abstract The tight junction protein occludin (OCLN) is a four-pass transmembrane protein with two extracellular loops (ELs), and also functions as a co-receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Recently, we reported the establishment of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing each intact EL domain of OCLN that can strongly prevent HCV infection in vitro and in vivo, and these mAbs were applicable for flow cytometric (FCM) analysis, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the present study, we further examined the application of these anti-OCLN mAbs and characterized their binding properties. All four mAbs were available for immunoprecipitation. The three first EL (EL1)-recognizing mAbs were applicable for immunoblotting, but the second EL (EL2)-recognizing one was not. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we also determined residues of OCLN critical for recognition by each mAb. Our findings showed that the small loop between two cysteines of the EL2 domain is essential for the binding to one EL2-recognizing mAb and that the recognition regions by three EL1-recognizing mAbs overlap, but are not the same sites of EL1. To obtain a deeper understanding of OCLN biology and its potential as a therapeutic target, specific mAbs to detect or target OCLN in intact cells should be powerful tools for future studies.
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Uysal, Fatih, Fırat Hardalaç, Ozan Peker, Tolga Tolunay, and Nil Tokgöz. "Classification of Shoulder X-ray Images with Deep Learning Ensemble Models." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 2723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062723.

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Fractures occur in the shoulder area, which has a wider range of motion than other joints in the body, for various reasons. To diagnose these fractures, data gathered from X-radiation (X-ray), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) are used. This study aims to help physicians by classifying shoulder images taken from X-ray devices as fracture/non-fracture with artificial intelligence. For this purpose, the performances of 26 deep learning-based pre-trained models in the detection of shoulder fractures were evaluated on the musculoskeletal radiographs (MURA) dataset, and two ensemble learning models (EL1 and EL2) were developed. The pre-trained models used are ResNet, ResNeXt, DenseNet, VGG, Inception, MobileNet, and their spinal fully connected (Spinal FC) versions. In the EL1 and EL2 models developed using pre-trained models with the best performance, test accuracy was 0.8455, 0.8472, Cohen’s kappa was 0.6907, 0.6942 and the area that was related with fracture class under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.8862, 0.8695. As a result of 28 different classifications in total, the highest test accuracy and Cohen’s kappa values were obtained in the EL2 model, and the highest AUC value was obtained in the EL1 model.
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Gelczuk, Łukasz, Maria Dąbrowska-Szata, Beata Ściana, Damian Pucicki, Damian Radziewicz, Krzysztof Kopalko, and Marek Tłaczała. "Characterization of deep-level defects in GaNAs/GaAs heterostructures grown by APMOVPE." Materials Science-Poland 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 726–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2016-0126.

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AbstractConventional deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and high-resolution Laplace DLTS techniques were used to study electrical properties of deep-level defects in dilute GaNAs epitaxial layers grown by atmospheric-pressure metalorganic vapourphase epitaxy (APMOVPE) on the GaAs substrate. Three samples with nitrogen concentrations of 1.2 %, 1.6 % and 2.7 % were investigated. In DLTS and LDLTS spectra of the samples, four predominant electron traps were observed. On the basis of the obtained electrical parameters and previously published results, one of the traps was associated with N-related complex defects, while the other traps with common GaAs-like native defects and impurities, called EL6, EL3 and EL2.
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Simon, Ágnes, Csaba Magyar, László Héja, and Julianna Kardos. "Peptide Binding Sites of Connexin Proteins." Chemistry 2, no. 3 (July 14, 2020): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry2030042.

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Intercellular gap junction (GJ) contacts formed by the coupling of connexin (Cx) hemichannels (HCs) embedded into the plasma membranes of neighboring cells play significant role in the development, signaling and malfunctions of mammalian tissues. Understanding and targeting GJ functions, however, calls for finding valid Cx subtype-specific inhibitors. We conjecture the lack of information about binding interactions between the GJ interface forming extracellular EL1 and EL2 loops and peptide mimetics designed to specifically inhibit Cx43HC coupling to Cx43GJ. Here, we explore active spots at the GJ interface using known peptide inhibitors that mimic various segments of EL1 and EL2. Binding interactions of these peptide inhibitors and the non-peptide inhibitor quinine has been modelled in combination with the use of blind docking molecular mechanics (MM). The neuron-specific Cx36HC and astrocyte-specific Cx43HC subtypes were modelled with a template derived from the high-resolution structure of Cx26GJ. GJ-coupled and free Cx36HC and Cx43HC models were obtained by dissection of GJs (GJ-coupled) followed by 50 ns molecular dynamics (free). Molecular mechanics (MM) calculations were performed by the docking of inhibitors, explicitly the designed Cx43 EL1 or EL2 loop sequence mimetics (GAP26, P5 or P180–195, GAP27, Peptide5, respectively) and the Cx36 subtype-specific quinine into the model structures. In order to explore specific binding interactions between inhibitors and CxHC subtypes, MM/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) ΔGbind values for representative conformers of peptide mimetics and quinine were evaluated by mapping the binding surface of Cx36HC and Cx43HC for all inhibitors. Quinine specifically contacts Cx36 EL1 residues V54-C55-N56-T57-L58, P60 and N63. Blocking the vestibule by the side of Cx36HC entry, quinine explicitly interacts with the non-conserved V54, L58, N63 residues of Cx36 EL1. In addition, our work challenges the predicted specificity of peptide mimetics, showing that the docking site of peptides is unrelated to the location of the sequence they mimic. Binding features, such as unaffected EL2 residues and the lack of Cx43 subtype-specificity of peptide mimetics, suggest critical roles for peptide stringency and dimension, possibly pertaining to the Cx subtype-specificity of peptide inhibitors.
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Betti, Michele, Valentina Bonora, Luciano Galano, Eugenio Pellis, Grazia Tucci, and Andrea Vignoli. "An Integrated Geometric and Material Survey for the Conservation of Heritage Masonry Structures." Heritage 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): 585–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4020035.

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This paper reports the knowledge process and the analyses performed to assess the seismic behavior of a heritage masonry building. The case study is a three-story masonry building that was the house of the Renaissance architect and painter Giorgio Vasari (the Vasari’s House museum). An interdisciplinary approach was adopted, following the Italian “Guidelines for the assessment and mitigation of the seismic risk of the cultural heritage”. This document proposes a methodology of investigation and analysis based on three evaluation levels (EL1, analysis at territorial level; EL2, local analysis and EL3, global analysis), according to an increasing level of knowledge on the building. A comprehensive knowledge process, composed by a 3D survey by Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and experimental in situ tests, allowed us to identify the basic structural geometry and to assess the value of mechanical parameters subsequently needed to perform a reliable structural assessment. The museum represents a typology of masonry building extremely diffused in the Italian territory, and the assessment of its seismic behavior was performed by investigating its global behavior through the EL1 and the EL3 analyses.
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He, Dao-Yao, Yoshiaki Yazaki, Yoko Nishizawa, Ryota Takai, Kosumi Yamada, Katsuhiro Sakano, Naoto Shibuya, and Eiichi Minami. "Gene Activation by Cytoplasmic Acidification in Suspension-Cultured Rice Cells in Response to the Potent Elicitor, N-Acetylchitoheptaose." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 12 (December 1998): 1167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.12.1167.

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N-Acetylchitoheptaose strongly induces a set of defense reactions in suspension-cultured rice cells including cytoplasmic acidification (K. Kuchitsu, Y. Yazaki, K. Sakano, and N. Shibuya, Plant Cell Physiol. 38:1012-1018, 1997) and the accumulation of mRNAs for two rapidly activated genes, EL2 and EL3 (E. Minami, K. Kuchitsu, D.-Y. He, H. Kouchi, N. Midoh, Y. Ohtsuki, and N. Shibuya, Plant Cell Physiol. 37:563-567, 1996), as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. Treatment of cells with propionic acid resulted in the accumulation of the mRNAs for EL2, EL3, and PAL in a manner similar to the accumulation induced by N-acetylchitoheptaose. Concomitantly, there was a rapid decrease in the cytoplasmic pH as detected with in vivo 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Interestingly, K-252a, a potent inhibitor of Ser/Thr protein kinases, strongly inhibited gene induction by N-acetylchitoheptaose, but showed much less inhibition of gene induction caused by propionic acid. Calyculin A, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, induced mRNA accumulations for EL2, EL3 and PAL, with concomitant acidification of the cytoplasm. On the other hand, chitinase and β-glucanase mRNA levels did not change after addition of propionic acid or calyculin A. Treatment of the cells with propionic acid did not induce the production of reactive oxygen species. These results strongly suggest that cytoplasmic acidification at the early stage of elicitor action could be a key step in the signal transduction events leading to the expression of elicitor-responsive genes. A hypothetical model of elicitor signal pathway is proposed based on these results.
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Egli, C. M., C. Springer, and G. H. Braus. "A complex unidirectional signal element mediates GCN4 mRNA 3' end formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 5 (May 1995): 2466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.5.2466.

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The yeast GCN4 3' element represents a class of polyadenylation sites which function unidirectionally and efficiently in test systems in vivo as well as in vitro. A complex signal element is required for polyadenylation activity with a minimal size of 116 nucleotides for the functional element. We subdivided this element into five regions (EL1 to EL5) of 16 to 26 nucleotides each. Each region was characterized by deletion analysis in an in vivo test system. Two TTTTTAT motifs are located in different regions (EL1 and EL4) upstream of the poly(A) site. The 3' end processing activity was significantly reduced when both motifs were mutated by site-directed mutagenesis and abolished when EL1 and EL4 were deleted. The major poly(A) site is located in EL5, 3 nucleotides downstream of the second TTTTTAT motif. Additional minor poly(A) sites are used in less than 10% of the mRNA 3' ends. Deletion of EL3 resulted in a changed pattern of mRNA 3' ends by increased usage of the minor poly(A) addition sites. The major poly(A) site in EL5 can be removed without loss of function when sequences upstream of EL1 are present. The tripartite TAG...TATGT...TTT sequence located downstream of EL5 is not required for function.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EL2"

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Roca, Marín Santiago. "Análisis de la organización y enseñanza de EL2 en Alicante: Programas de Compensatoria y PASE (2003-2008)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/59768.

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Perez, Canizares Pilar, and Johannes Schnitzer. "El uso de herramientas lexicográficas ante problemas terminológicos: estrategias de profesores y estudiantes de ELE/EL2." Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6983/1/23247797.2019.pdf.

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Con el objetivo de contribuir al desarrollo de las estrategias de búsqueda lexicográfica de los estudiantes de español LE/L2, se realizó un estudio empírico para averiguar el uso concreto de recursos lexicográficos por parte tanto de profesores como de estudiantes. Con tal finalidad se observaron y anotaron los recursos usados, el orden de consulta y también las estrategias aplicadas por ambos grupos al realizar una traducción técnica del alemán al español. El análisis de los datos revela que existen pocas diferencias entre las estrategias de ambos grupos de usuarios: si bien los estudiantes realizan un mayor número de consultas y usan más recursos, no necesitan más tiempo que los profesores y además llegan a resultados similares respecto a la corrección de las traducciones. Todo ello apunta a que, antes de entrenar a los estudiantes de ELE en el manejo de recursos lexicográficos, es necesario capacitar al profesorado en su uso.
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Moritz, Maria Ester Wollstein. "A contrastive genre study of conclusions as components of research articles across PL1, EL1 and EL2." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89001.

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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T15:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
One line of research in the area of genre analysis prevailing in the last 25 years has concentrated on the study of rhetorical patterns of organization of research articles (RAs). The present study is a contrastive investigation which advances this research by focusing on the macro and micro-structural organization of conclusions of RAs written in Portuguese as L1, English as L1 and English as L2. For the analysis of the macro-structure, I verify the rhetorical organization of conclusions following the principles of genre studies as proposed by Swales' (1990). As for the micro-structural analysis, I draw upon Halliday's (1994) systemic functional linguistics (SFL), concentrating on modality as a dimension corresponding to the interpersonal metafunction of language. The corpus used in the research is composed of 36 conclusions of RAs in the field of applied linguistics - 12 in each of the language orientations aforementioned. The findings reveal no constant pattern of rhetorical organization and no obligatory moves or steps. However, the results related to the macro-level rhetorical structure indicate the occurrence of a complex array of moves and steps which exhibits a cyclical structure but with differences in the three languages investigated. Furthermore, the samples investigated permitted the elaboration of a proposal of a model for this component of RAs that comprises six moves. The micro-level analysis of modality devices reveals that the rhetorical structure of the conclusions of RAs display writers' concern with interpersonal meanings, and that writers build their identities in agreement with the discourse that prevails in academic writing, construing themselves as solidary writers in respect to their readers. As such, they are pictured as "confidently uncertain" (Swales & Feak, 1994) and thus committed to the probabilistic status of science, suggesting that they are aware of the distinct findings that may emerge out of other contexts of investigation. Analyses of the macro and micro levels of rhetorical organizations of conclusions have revealed parallels and differences in the outcomes of first and second language writers, and the study contributes to a richer understanting of the nature of conclusions of RAs and, as such, of academic writing. Uma das linhas de pesquisa na área de estudos de gênero prevalente nos últimos 25 anos concentra-se no estudo do padrão de organização retórica de artigos acadêmicos (AAs). O presente estudo investiga de maneira contrastiva, a organização macro e micro estrutural de conclusões de AAs escritas em português L1, inglês L1 e inglês L2. Para a análise macro-estrutural, verificou-se a organização retórica dos textos com base nos princípios de estudos de gênero propostos por Swales (1990). Para a análise micro-estrutural, foi utilizada a gramática sistêmico-funcional Hallidayana (1994), concentrando na modalidade como uma dimensão que corresponde à função interpessoal da linguagem. O corpus utilizado é composto de 36 conclusões de AAs na área de língüística aplicada - sendo 12 em cada uma das orientações lingüísticas mencionadas acima. Os resultados revelam não haver padrão constante para essa organização, assim como demonstram a ausência de um movimento retórico obrigatório. Entretanto, os resultados da estrutura retórica em sua dimensão macro-estrutural, indicam uma variedade complexa de movimentos retóricos na medida em que os escritores exibem diferenças na elaboração das suas seções de conclusão e uma estrutura cíclica desses movimentos, apresentando porém, diferenças entre as três orientações lingüísticas investigadas. Além disso, os exemplos investigados permitiram a elaboração de uma proposta de modelo para esse componente de gênero, composto por seis movimentos. A análise micro-estrutural dos recursos de modalidade revela as conclusões como textos que mostram a preocupação dos escritores quanto aos significados interpessoais que permeiam suas práticas discursivas, na medida em que esses escritores constróem suas identidades de acordo com o discurso que prevalece na escrita acadêmica, demonstrando-se solidários com relação a seus leitores e não assertivos quanto ao conteúdo de seus textos; e, portanto, comprometidos com o status probabilístico da ciência na medida em que demonstram conhecimento acerca da possibilidade de novas pesquisas revelarem novos resultados em novos contextos de investigação. As análises macro e micro estruturais das conclusões em primeira e segunda língua revelam paralelos e diferenças no produto final dos escritores de primeira e segunda línguas. O estudo contribui então, para um melhor entendimento acerca da natureza das conclusões de AAs, e consequentemente, da redação acadêmica.
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Dobrilla, Paolo. "Infrared transmittance study of GaAs : Mapping stress, dislocation, and EL2 distributions /." Full text open access at:, 1986. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,100.

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Disdier, Laurent. "Non-linearites optiques resultant de l'excitation du defaut natif el2 dans GaAs." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1990. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00713982.

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Les non-linearites de l'arséniure de gallium (gaas) sont étudies a la longueur d'onde 1,06 micron en regime nanoseconde et picoseconde. En régime nanoseconde, les porteurs libres (electrons et trous) sont crees par photoionisation des centres profonds el2. Ils provoquent une variation de permittivite du milieu tandis que l'évolution des densités de centres neutres et ionises change principalement l'absorption. L'etude de la réflectivité par une expérience de conjugaison de phase montre qu'un troisieme effet doit être pris en compte pour de forte énergie, le mouvement non-lineaire des electrons. Cet effet est étudie dans un échantillon dope n d'arseniure de gallium. Aucune amplification n'a ete observée dans des expériences de mélange a deux ondes. En régime picoseconde, la variation de permittivité induite par absorption a deux photons prédomine sur les effets presentes précédemment. Nous montrons que les non-linearites sont suffisamment importantes pour obtenir de forte amplification (fois 25) dans un mélange a deux ondes.
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DISDIER, LAURENT. "Non-linearites optiques resultant de l'excitation du defaut natif el2 dans gaas." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112309.

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Les non-linearites de l'arseniure de gallium (gaas) sont etudiees a la longueur d'onde 1,06 micron en regime nanoseconde et picoseconde. En regime nanoseconde, les porteurs libres (electrons et trous) sont crees par photoionisation des centres profonds el2. Ils provoquent une variation de permittivite du milieu tandis que l'evolution des densites de centres neutres et ionises change principalement l'absorption. L'etude de la reflectivite par une experience de conjugaison de phase montre qu'un troisieme effet doit etre pris en compte pour de forte energie, le mouvement non-lineaire des electrons. Cet effet est etudie dans un echantillon dope n d'arseniure de gallium. Aucune amplification n'a ete observee dans des experiences de melange a deux ondes. En regime picoseconde, la variation de permittivite induite par absorption a deux photons predomine sur les effets presentes precedemment. Nous montrons que les non-linearites sont suffisamment importantes pour obtenir de forte amplification (fois 25) dans un melange a deux ondes
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Reichel, Carsten. "Nachweis mesoskopischer elektrischer Inhomogenitäten in undotiertem GaAs mittels Punktkontakt-Verfahren." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola&quot, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:105-2480790.

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Zur Charakterisierung mesoskopischer elektrischer Inhomogenitäten in undotiertem GaAs, die meist eine zellulare Struktur mit hochohmigen Zellzentren und niederohmigen Zellwänden aufweisen, wurde die Punktkontakt-Technik weiterentwickelt, mit der hochaufgelöste und quantitative Widerstandsmessungen möglich sind. Untersuchungen der I-U-Kennlinie des Punktkontakts zeigten, dass sich letzterer näherungsweise durch einen Schottkykontakt mit hohem Serienwiderstand beschreiben lässt. Eine Kalibrierung des Punktkontakt-Stromes (IPC) lieferte für Widerstände > 1E6 Ohmcm eine inverse Proportionalität zwischen IPC und Widerstand. Messungen ergaben, dass die Widerstandsfluktuationen bei halbisolierenden Proben weniger als eine Größenordnung betragen. Dagegen wiesen Proben im hochohmigen Bereich (n = 1E10 cm^-3) Unterschiede im Widerstand von bis zu 3 Größenordnungen auf. Anhand temperaturabhängiger Punktkontaktmessungen konnte der experimentelle Beweis erbracht werden, dass der Widerstand hochohmiger Proben in den Zellwänden schon durch Sauerstoff bestimmt wird, während der Widerstand im Zellinneren noch durch EL2 bestimmt wird. Die anomale Verringerung der Hallbeweglichkeit in hochohmigen GaAs konnte eindeutig mit einer Erhöhung mesoskopischer elektrischer Inhomogenitäten korreliert werden.
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Steinegger, Thomas. "Defect Engineering." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola&quot, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:105-8973489.

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Die Kenntnisse über die zur Passivierung führenden Wechselwirkungen des Verunreinigungselements Cu mit EL2 und EL6 wurden dahingehend erweitert, dass ein Gültigkeitsbereich für die Messungen zur Bestimmung der konzentrationsproportionalen Messgröße der Defekte festgelegt wurde. Der Defekt EL6 ist das die 0.8 eV-PL-Emission bedingende und die Ladungsträgerlebensdauer determinierende Rekombinationszentrum. Die Lebensdauer wird durch mindestens ein weiteres Zentrum beeinflusst. Die atomare Struktur des EL6 wurde mit AsGa VAs und die des weiteren Zentrums mit Asi bestimmt. Mittels Wärmebehandlung kann die Ladungsträgerlebensdauer gezielt beeinflusst werden. Bei der Bildung und Annihilation sowie der Verteilung der Defekte EL2, EL6, VGa und der As-Ausscheidungen besteht eine wechselseitige Korrelation. Sowohl strukturelle Defekte als auch die Inkorporation von Dotierelementen, deren Atomradien deutlich kleiner sind als Ga und As, stellen beeinflussende Faktoren dar. Das Defekt-Transformations-Modell erklärt die Bildung wachstumsfähiger Keime einer As-Ausscheidung durch EL2 bzw. EL6 mit den sich in der ersten Koordingationssphäre befindenden As-Atomen. Das Gitterrelaxations-Modell ermöglicht die Interpretation der katalytischen Wirkung des Dotierelements C. Die Umsetzung dieser Ergebnisse bedeutet die Anwendung des Defect Engineerings im SI-LEC-GaAs.
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Ben, Cherifa Ali. "Contribution à l'étude des défauts d'irradiation et du centre profond EL2 dans GaAs et GaAlAs par spectroscopie capacitive." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376117869.

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Ben, Cherifa Ali. "Contribution à l’étude des défauts d'irradiation et du centre profond EL2 dans GaAs et GaAlAs par spectroscopie capacitive." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0017.

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Le mécanisme de compensation des substrats AsGa est basé sur l'existence d'un défaut profond intrinsèque EL2 de type donneur qui compense les accepteurs légers résiduels. Sa nature microscopique exacte n'était pas bien connue au début de notre étude. Nous nous sommes proposés donc d'apporter une contribution importante à son identification et à la connaissance de ses propriétés dans GaAs n et p et dans Gal-x Al As. Dans ce but, nous avons tenté de le créer artificiellement Nous avons également étudié les défauts profonds dans les matériaux GaAs type p. Les techniques capacitives de caractérisation des défauts sont: DLTS, DLOS, ODLTS, TSCAP. Nos résultats peuvent se répartir en cinq grandes parties : 1) Dans les couches LPE et VPE de GaAs type n irradiées aux protons à 300°C, nous avons mis en évidence la création d'un défaut EAl présentant la même signature thermique que EL2. Toutefois nous avons montré que ce piège ne présente pas le phénomène de photoquenching caractéristique particulière de EL2. 2) Nous avons montré que EL2 est créé dans GaAs type n par irradiation aux neutrons et recuit isotherme de longue durée à 300 K. Ce résultat est confirmé par l'existence du phénomène de métastabilité à 77 K. 3) Nous avons pour la première fois montré la présence de EL2 dans GaAs type p par DLTS à injection de minoritaires sur des jonctions n+p et par ODLTS sur des diodes Schottky. De plus, on a démontré que l'état double donneur du défaut EL2, se situe à 0. 52 eV de la bande de valence dans GaAs de type p. 4) Comme dans GaAs type n, nous avons mis en évidence la création artificielle du double état de charge de EL2 par irradiation aux neutrons dans GaAs type p. 5) Enfin, nous avons montré l'existence du défaut EL2 dans le composé ternaire Ga 1-x Alx. As élaboré par OMCVD et étudié ses propriétés en fonction de la composition x en A1. En particulier, nous avons mis en évidence le phénomène de photoquenching dans ces matériaux. L'ensemble de ces résultats est en bon accord avec'un défaut intrinsèque complexe du type AsGa + As ; proposé récemment.
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Books on the topic "EL2"

1

Nicholls, Michael P. D. Measurement of EL2 and carbon concentrations in semi-insulating GaAs. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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Eli, Ely. Alexandria, VA: HardHead Communications, 2013.

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1936-, Sargent Pat, and Huff Jeane ill, eds. Eli the elk. Prairie Grove, AR: Ozark Pub., 1998.

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Escandell, Ramón Baldaquí. Els Soler de Cornellà a Elx en el segle XVIII. [Elche, Spain]: Ajuntament d'Elx, 1993.

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ill, Anderson Philip S., ed. Eli the elf: A Christmas story for children of all ages. Little Rock: August House, 1993.

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Elu pärast elu. Tallinn]: Allika, 2011.

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Encarnación, José Antonio Miranda. Els anys més difícils: Elx i la indústria Espanyola del Calçat durant l'autarquia. Elx: Ajuntament d'Elx, 1995.

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Wells, Gail. Elk. Portland, OR: Oregon Forest Resources Institute, 2007.

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Cox, Daniel J. Elk. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1992.

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Myers, Bill. Eli. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "EL2"

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Roca Marín, Santiago. "Denominal verbs in Ele/El2 classroom (a didactic approach)." In Spanish Word Formation and Lexical Creation, 465–68. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.1.19mar.

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Kaminska, Maria. "Defect Identification: EL2 in GaAs." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, 741–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7682-2_165.

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Omling, P., L. Samuelson, and H. G. Grimmeiss. "EL2 in GaAs — Re-Evaluation of Optical Data." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, 751–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7682-2_167.

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Illés, Éva. "Towards an ELF-Informed Approach to ELT." In Understanding Context in Language Use and Teaching, 111–28. 1. | New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429274589-7.

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Illés, Éva. "Implementation of an ELF-Informed Approach to ELT." In Understanding Context in Language Use and Teaching, 129–47. 1. | New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429274589-8.

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Hovhannisyan, Gayane R. "Incorporating Intercultural Research into ELL/ELT in Oman." In English Education in Oman, 85–102. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0265-7_6.

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Eisenberg, Florian. "elf." In Kanban – mehr als Zettel, 137–41. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446457164.011.

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Rots, Hanne. "Elf." In Jij mág niet lief zijn, 46–49. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-9257-5_11.

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Inai, Kei, Alexander K. C. Leung, Jouni Uitto, Gerhard-Paul Diller, Michael A. Gatzoulis, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, et al. "EA2." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 561. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_8448.

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Charman, Tony, Susan Hepburn, Moira Lewis, Moira Lewis, Amanda Steiner, Sally J. Rogers, Annemarie Elburg, et al. "ELS." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1077. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_100522.

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Conference papers on the topic "EL2"

1

Shi, Wei, Rui Liu, and Jing-li Wang. "Effects of EL2 deep level in GaAs photoconductive switch." In International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2009, edited by X. C. Zhang, James M. Ryan, Cun-lin Zhang, and Chuan-xiang Tang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.835228.

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Sudzius, Markas, L. Bastiene, and Kestutis Jarasiunas. "Optical nonlinearities in GaAs at EL2 quenching by short laser pulses." In International Conference on Optical Diagnostics of Materials and Devices for Opto-, Micro-, and Quantum Electronics, edited by Sergey V. Svechnikov and Mikhail Y. Valakh. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.226172.

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Labranche, B., M. Levesque, M. Morin, Y. Taillon, K. Snell, P. Galarneau, D. Hart, C. Drèze, and P. Mathieu. "Side-Pumped Eyesafe Laser." In Advanced Solid State Lasers. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assl.1994.el2.

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Pugnet, Michel, Jacques H. Collet, and Laurent Nardo. "Photocurrent response to picosecond pulses in semiconductors: application to EL2 in gallium arsenide." In Physical Concepts of Materials for Novel Optoelectronic Device Applications, edited by Manijeh Razeghi. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.24390.

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Disdier, Laurent, and Gerald Roosen. "Dynamic grating generated from EL2 level in semi-insulating GaAs by nanosecond pulses." In The Hague '90, 12-16 April, edited by Peter Guenter. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.20460.

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Alt, H. Ch, and G. Packeiser. "Two-Dimensional High-Resolution EL2 Topography in Thin Semi-Insulating LEC-Grown GaAs Wafers." In 1986 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1986.d-8-2.

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Vezzoli, G. C., Terence Burke, M. Weiner, S. Levy, and B. Lalevic. "High Field Conductance And Hall Study Under Illumination Of EL2 Defect In Semi-Insulating GaAs." In O-E/Fiber LASE '88, edited by Mark A. Mentzer. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.960089.

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Isei-Jaakkola, Toshiko, Takatoshi Naka, and Keikichi Hirose. "Problems encountered by Japanese EL2 with English short vowels as illustrated on a 3d vowel chart." In Interspeech 2011. ISCA: ISCA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2011-486.

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Isei-Jaakkola, Toshiko, and Keiko Ochi. "Frequency and durational comparisons of pauses in reading two short stories by Japanese L1 and EL2 and English L1." In ISAPh 2018 International Symposium on Applied Phonetics. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/isaph.2018-12.

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Ikari, T., Y. Tabuchi, A. Fukuyama, K. Yoshino, and K. Maeda. "Thermal recovery from the metastable state of deep lying defect level EL2 in GaAs investigated by piezoelectric photoacoustic technique." In PHOTOACOUSTIC AND PHOTOTHERMAL PHENOMENA. ASCE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.58057.

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Reports on the topic "EL2"

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Mejía Torres, Lina María, and Mauricio Jaramillo-Jassir. El abecé de la beligerancia y su aplicabilidad con el ELN. Génesis y desafíos inmediatos. Universidad del Rosario, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/issne.2745-2085_10336.31360_sddtf.

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Gustin, Santiago. Differences in Syntactic Complexity in the Writing of EL1 and ELL Civil Engineering Students. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7008.

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Santacana Mestre, Joan, and Nayra Llonch Molina. Els Vilars d’Arbeca i el seu model de socialització del coneixement. Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/rap.2018.28.13.

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Ruiz Rodríguez, Arturo. Historias paralelas: la fortaleza de Els Vilars y el oppidum de Puente Tablas. Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/rap.2018.28.12.

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Rodriguez, Tatiana Isabel. Measurement of the Standard Model $ZZ$ Cross-Section in the $ZZ \to \ell\ell\ell\ell$ Channel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1128076.

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Aubert, B. Search for B {yields} K{ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup -} and B {yields} K*(892){ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup -}. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826703.

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Barger, Jack H., Richard W. Hall, Alden M. Townsend, and Alden M. Townsend. Elm leaf beetle performance on ozone-fumigated elm. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-661.

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Aubert, B. Search for Lepton Flavor Violation in tau{sup -} to ell{sup -} ell{sup +} ell{sup -}. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826586.

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Gleason, Mark L., and Jean C. Batzer. National Elm Trial. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-871.

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Batzer, Jean C., and Mark L. Gleason. National Elm Trial. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2795.

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