Relevant bibliographies by topics / El Salvador; Guatamala; Nicaragua

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'El Salvador; Guatamala; Nicaragua'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "El Salvador; Guatamala; Nicaragua"

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Gutiérrez-López, Meyling. "Percepción de salud y exposición a riesgos de trabajadores del sector comercio informal de Nicaragua y El Salvador." Ciencia, Tecnologí­a y Salud 3, no. 2 (March 17, 2017): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.36829/63cts.v3i2.340.

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El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la percepción de salud y la exposición a riesgos ocupacionales de trabajadores del sector comercio de Nicaragua y El Salvador considerando los determinantes sociales. Se trabajó con un diseño de triangulación concurrente, combinando métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. En El Salvador la percepción de salud es buena (70%) y en Nicaragua media (49%). A nivel cualitativo en ambos paí­ses la salud es vista desde un concepto económico, estrés y ausencia de enfermedades. En Nicaragua las percepciones más altas de riesgos son atender varias tareas simultaneamente (59%), nivel de atención alto (57.5%), movimientos repetitivos (50%). En El Salvador, el nivel de atención alto (63%), el trabajo de pie (60%), atender varias tareas simultaneamente y esconder emociones en el trabajo (41%) con movimientos repetitivos (40%). Cualitativamente se perciben riesgos de inseguridad ciudadana, accidentes y conflictos. En Nicaragua la edad, la pobreza y el no acceso al seguro social (P<.05) están asociados a mala salud, estar casado es un factor protector. En El Salvador sólo la edad y la iluminación están asociadas a mala salud, trabajar con plazos estrictos y cortos es un factor protector de salud. No se encontró relación entre la percepción de salud y la exposición a riesgos ocupacionales, por que los riesgos se perciben de manera diferente. Mientras en El Salvador hay una relación entre iluminación deficiente y mala salud; en Nicaragua, son determinantes sociales como pobreza y el no acceso a la seguridad social los que están fuertemente asociados a percibir una mala salud.
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Martí Puig, Salvador. "Evolución de las percepciones de las élites políticas en democracias frágiles: los casos de El Salvador, Guatemala y Nicaragua." Revista Española de Sociología 29, no. 3 (September 9, 2020): 635–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2020.39.

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El artículo muestra datos extraídos de encuestas realizadas a las elites parlamentarias de El Salvador, Guatemala y Nicaragua desde la década de 1990 hasta 2017 respecto a los temas de la democracia, las instituciones del Estado de Derecho, los actores políticos, sus respectivos partidos, los partidos con los que compiten, y a la relación entre el Estado y el mercado en sus países. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las percepciones sobre cómo han evolucionado los sistemas políticos democráticos en El Salvador, Guatemala y Nicaragua, que nacieron como democracias de nuevo cuño en un contexto de crisis y guerra. Los temas centrales sobre los que el artículo reflexiona son la consolidación democrática en El Salvador, la frágil permanencia democrática en Guatemala y la des-democratización en Nicaragua, y la difícil reconciliación entre los actores políticos en contextos de pos-conflicto.
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Hussain,, Imtiaz. "Human Rights in Cuba, EI Salvador and Nicaragua." Journal for Peace and Justice Studies 17, no. 1 (2008): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/peacejustice20081717.

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Lindo-Fuentes, Héctor. "El Salvador vs. Imperialismo Yanqui, 1912–14." Journal of Latin American Studies 52, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 495–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x20000644.

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AbstractWhen the United States invaded Nicaragua in 1912 the popular reaction in El Salvador was so strong that it completely upended politics. The article argues that this anti-imperialist movement, completely ignored by the current historiography, forced Salvadorean governments to make decisions regarding foreign policy that would have been unthinkable had it not been for the pressure from below. Popular pressures contributed to limit the scope of the final version of the Chamorro–Bryan Treaty between the United States and Nicaragua. The treaty did not include Platt Amendment-like provisions. Moreover, the Wilson administration abandoned the idea of extending a protectorate to all the Central American countries and building a naval base in the Gulf of Fonseca.
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Morón, Miguel-Angel. "Revision of the Phyllophaga s.s. schizorhina species group (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae)." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 2 (April 2003): 213–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n02-012.

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AbstractThe Phyllophaga schizorhina (Bates) species group is revised, and the following new species are described from specimens collected in Mexico, Guatamala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Ecuador: P. changuenasp. nov., P. onoreanasp. nov., P. solisianasp. nov., P. schizorhinoidessp. nov., P. borucasp. nov., P. izabalanasp. nov., P. canoanasp. nov., P. chortianasp. nov., P. zarcoanasp. nov., P. chiblacanasp. nov., P. javepacuanasp. nov., P. ocozocuanasp. nov., P. chimoxtilasp. nov., P. cholanasp. nov., P. tuxtlecasp. nov., P. zaragozanasp. nov., P. matacapanasp. nov., P. catemacoanasp. nov., P. atratoidessp. nov., P. humboldtianasp. nov., P. comaltepecanasp. nov., P. dsaimanasp. nov., P. quianasp. nov., P. yoloxanasp. nov., and P. pseudoatrasp. nov.Phyllophaga schizorhina and P. nigrita are recorded for first time from Costa Rica. A key is provided for males of the 38 species. Diagnostic structures of all species are illustrated and distribution maps are provided.
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Soderlund, Walter. "Canadian and U.S. Coverage of Latin American Elections." Newspaper Research Journal 13, no. 3 (June 1992): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953299201300306.

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Barahona Posada, Karen Julissa. "La representación de la mujer como sujeto histórico cultural en dos obras literarias." Obra digital, no. 18 (February 28, 2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25029/od.2020.263.18.

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En Nicaragua y El Salvador las revoluciones de los años setenta y ochenta pusieron fin a la era de dictaduras militares, la mujer redefine su identidad política mediante la participación revolucionaria. Gioconda Belli reflejó el sandinismo en sus obras, y en La mujer habitada (1998) marca el papel de la nicaragüense durante la revolución. De la misma manera, Claribel Alegría representó la mujer revolucionaria salvadoreña en su novela testimonial No me agarran viva (1983). El propósito de este trabajo es demostrar como las obras reescriben la historia para reivindicar a la mujer como sujeto histórico en Nicaragua y El Salvador.
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Baldez, Lisa, Karen Kampwirth, and Margaret Power. "Women and Guerrilla Movements: Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chiapas, Cuba." Latin American Politics and Society 45, no. 4 (2003): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3177137.

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Bakhtiari, B. "Revolution and the Church in Nicaragua and El Salvador." Journal of Church and State 28, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 15–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/28.1.15.

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Ratner, Steven R. "Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador/Honduras), Application to Intervene." American Journal of International Law 85, no. 4 (October 1991): 680–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203274.

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In this case before a Chamber of the International Court of Justice, El Salvador and Honduras, by a Special Agreement dated May 24, 1986, requested that the Chamber delimit the land frontier and determine the legal status of certain islands and waters in the general area of the Gulf of Fonseca. The gulf, located on the Pacific coast of Central America, is bordered by El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua. Nicaragua filed an application for permission to intervene in the case on November 17, 1989, pursuant to Article 62 of the Statute of the Court, which permits a state to request intervention if the state considers “that it has an interest of a legal nature which may be affected by the decision in the case.”
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "El Salvador; Guatamala; Nicaragua"

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Schultze-Kraft, Markus. "The quest for democratic civility : pacification and civil-military relations in post-conflict Central America." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365494.

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Marti, Werner Johannes. "Revolutionary change in Nicaragua and El Salvador: a comparative analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44685.

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With the success of a leftist revolution in Nicaragua and a civil war against a strong revolutionary movement in El Salvador, Central America has become one of the flash points of world politics. The two revolutionary movements, which adhere to similar ideologies, emerged in countries with similar historical roots and similar socio-economic background. This thesis analyzes the question why the Nicaraguan revolution was successful after one and a half years of general insurrection, whereas the Salvadorean revolutionary movement has failed so far in gaining power. The author looks at four major factors which seem crucial for revolutionary success: Breadth of the Revolutionary Coalition, Military Strength and Strategies, Role of the Church, and External Influences. The comparative analysis shows that three of these four factors favor the Nicaraguan revolutionaries. In contrast to El Salvador, the Nicaraguan revolutionary coalition included all major classes, not only the lower classes and parts of the middle class. When compared to the government forces, the Nicaraguan guerrillas were stronger than the Salvadorean. Furthermore, the counterstrategy of the Nicaraguan government was not as systematic and sophisticated as in El Salvador. In contrast to Somoza, the Salvadorean government has gotten strong U.S. support and the Salvadorean movement does not get the same support from other states that the Nicaraguan revolutionary movement received. Only the role of the Church is in favor of the Salvadorean revolutionaries. The Salvadorean Church was more active in promoting Liberation Theology and thereby helped to make the people conscious about the social injustices prevailing in the country and to organize the lower classes.


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Avila, Berta. "La mujer guerrillera en recuerdo y texto: Nicaragua y El Salvador." Pitzer College, 2008. http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/u?/stc,34.

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La mujer guerrillera en Latinoamérica es un fenómeno del siglo veinte. Los conflictos armados de Centroamérica crearon condiciones donde la mujer se vio obligada a salir de su rol femenino tradicional para asistir en la lucha armada. Nicaragua y El Salvador son dos países donde los conflictos llegaron a un final, sea por medio de un derrocamiento exitoso del gobierno o por acuerdos de paz. Las mujeres que decidieron participar activamente en la lucha contra el gobierno llegaron a ese punto por vías diferentes y con diferentes metas, pero la experiencia de ser mujer en un ambiente tradicionalmente dominado por hombres no varía tanto entre los dos países. La representación literaria de la mujer guerrillera se encuentra en testimonios contados a entrevistadores, biografías y ficción. Cada género lleva sus características, pero casi siempre se establece el texto como un relato común del país, una mujer extraordinaria entre muchas mujeres extraordinarias. La mujer guerrillera en literatura, especialmente en testimonios, es el intento de relatar la historia de una gente oprimida, no de la individual, para ganar el apoyo y acción por la parte de una audiencia global.
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Reiber, Tatjana. "Demokratieförderung und Friedenskonsolidierung die Nachkriegsgesellschaften von Guatemala, El Salvador und Nicaragua." Wiesbaden VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2009. http://d-nb.info/989036197/04.

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Moallic, Benjamín. "L'émergence des phénomènes associatifs en Amérique centrale (Nicaragua, Salvador. 1960-2009)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH075.

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Au début des années 1990, au terme d’une décennie de guerres internes, le Salvador et le Nicaragua ont été les théâtres d’une multiplication sans précédent d’associations de développement et d’ONG humanitaires. Provenant des anciennes mouvances révolutionnaires du Front sandiniste de libération nationale au Nicaragua et du Front Farabundo Martí pour la libération nationale au Salvador, ces organisations nouvelles ont été le signe de l’apparition d’un militantisme professionnel et technicisé proche de « l’humanitaire-expert » et en rupture avec les engagements politico-militaires qui avaient jusqu’alors dominé les scènes militantes centraméricaines. Comment dès lors comprendre l’émergence de ces phénomènes associatifs ? Nés à la croisée de bouleversements sociaux et politiques majeurs, entre la fin des guerres, l’effondrement des gestes révolutionnaires et l’avènement de régimes démocratiques, ces faits associatifs ont d’abord été le fruit d’une conversion de leurs dirigeants. Anciens cadres révolutionnaires du parti-État sandiniste et des guérillas salvadoriennes, ceux-ci occupaient en effet déjà à la fin des années 1980 la tête des mouvances associatives du Front sandiniste et du Front Farabundo Martí. Or c’est là, au sein de ces nébuleuses, que ces acteurs se sont saisis de schèmes humanitaires nouveaux et de registres managériaux, entraînant dans leur sillage « l’ONGisation » de leurs organisations et l’investissement de causes féministes, indigénistes ou environnementalistes. De sorte que l’histoire de ces associations et de leur émergence est l’histoire de cette conversion. D’où le choix de ce travail de retracer le parcours de ces militants depuis leur basculement dans la lutte armée et les organisations révolutionnaires jusqu’à leur conversion à l’humanitaire-expert et leur insertion dans le monde des ONG. Ce faisant, ce travail met en résonance plusieurs analyses. Une réflexion d’abord sur les modalités de basculement dans la violence armée et d’incorporation aux organisations de guérillas. Une réflexion ensuite sur les logiques de conversion politique et de reconversion professionnelle des acteurs politico-militaires. Une réflexion enfin sur la naissance des milieux associatifs et la constitution de carrières militantes. Et au travers de ces analyses se dessine in fine une enquête plus générale sur la nature même des phénomènes associatifs au Salvador et au Nicaragua, leurs usages et leurs fonctions, et montrent le rôle de « supports » sociaux et politiques qu’ils jouent aujourd’hui dans les nouvelles démocraties centraméricaines
At the beginning of the 1990s and after a decade of internal wars, El Salvador and Nicaragua were the stages of an unprecedented growth of development’s organizations and humanitarian NGOs. Originating from the former revolutionary movements of Sandinista National Liberation Front in Nicaragua and from Farabundo Marti National Front in El Salvador, those new organizations were a sign of professional technologized militancy close to « expert humanitarian work » but also breaking with the military-political commitments which had preponderated over the Central American activist scene so far. How then can we understand the emergence of those voluntary phenomena? Resulting from major social and political disruptions, as well as the end of wars, the collapsing of revolutionary actions and the advent of democratic regimes, those voluntary actions first started with the conversion of their leaders. As former revolutionary officers of the Sandinista state-party and of the Salvadorian guerrillas, by the end of the 1980s those were already heads of the non-profit movements of Sandinista Front and Farabundo Marti Front. Yet this is in the middle of this political maze that those leaders seized upon a new humanitarian framework as well as managerial repertories, bringing in their wake the « NGOzation » of their organizations and their commitment to the feminist as well as indigenist and environmentalist causes. In this way, the history of the emergence of those organizations is actually the history of that conversion. Hence the choice that has been made to work on recounting the activists’ paths from the moment they turned into an armed conflict and revolutionary organizations to their actual conversion into expert humanitarian work and the world of NGOs. In order to do this work several analyses have been compared; first, a reflection about the ways and means of their changeover into armed violence and their enlistments in guerrillas’ organizations; then a thought about the mindset of political conversion and the career change of the military-political leaders; then finally a reflection about the birth of the non-profit domain and the development of activists’ careers. And so, through these analyses appears a more general study on the true nature of voluntary phenomena in El Salvador and Nicaragua, and on their practices and functions, that shows the roles they play as social, political supports in the new Central American democracies nowadays
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Atha, Roberto J. "Transitions to peace effects on internal security forces in Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FAtha.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Western Hemisphere)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Bruneau, Thomas C. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-68). Also available in print.
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Gibbs, Terence L. "Is only the right left? : the political economy of democratization: El Salvador and Nicaragua." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340857.

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Salzman, Catherine C. Albarran Alan B. "Central American media a comparative study of media industries in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, and Costa Rica /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9039.

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Sweeney, Sean. "Labour imperialism or democratic internationalism? : U.S. trade unions and the conflict in El Salvador and Nicaragua, 1981-1989." Thesis, University of Bath, 1990. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317349.

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Jaen, Celada Jaeljattin R. "Estimating the potential returns to research and development from sorghum value added products in El Salvador and Nicaragua." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13179.

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Master of Science
Department of Agricultural Economics
Timothy J. Dalton
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a drought tolerant crop able to adapt to hot and dry weather. It has excellent chemical and physical properties, which make it a grain of good quality for processing different types of products. This research is an impact assessment study that estimated the potential impacts of new uses of sorghum by using an equilibrium displacement model. The data used was drawn from interviews developed in July 2011. Using total quantity production, prices, prices elasticities and cost shares 8 potential market scenarios were simulated. Results between countries were similar. Thus, the analysis was applied for both countries. Producers gain when the sorghum flour demand is shifted between $6,000 and $ 30,000. When the feed demand curve shifted the producer benefit was between $3 million and $ 13 million. In the scenario where the sorghum grain curve shifted and the demand curve for feed and sorghum flour, producer net benefit is between $300,000 to $2.5 million. Interpreting these results suggest that increasing yield and promoting sorghum as a substitute of maize for feed and sorghum as a substitute of wheat for sorghum flour can benefit producers while helping them to increase yield.
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Books on the topic "El Salvador; Guatamala; Nicaragua"

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Anderson, Thomas P. Politics in Central America: Guatamala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua. New York: Praeger, 1988.

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Nicaragua el Salvador. S.l: Lonely Planet Publications, 2006.

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Frommer's Nicaragua & El Salvador. 2nd ed. Mississauga, Ont: John Wiley & Sons Canada, 2012.

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Women & guerilla movements: Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chiapas, Cuba. University Park, Penn: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002.

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M, Francisco Lazo. Ahorro e inversion en Centroamerica: El Salvador, Panamá, Nicaragua. Managua, Nicaragua: CRIES, 1999.

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M, Francisco Lazo. Ahorro e inversión en Centroamérica: El Salvador, Panamá, Nicaragua. Managua, Nicaragua: CRIES, 1999.

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1964-, Kampwirth Karen, ed. Feminism and the legacy of revolution: Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chiapas. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2004.

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Meyer, Christina. Underground voices: Insurgent propaganda in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Peru. Santa Monica, CA (1700 Main St., Santa Monica 90407-2138): Rand, 1991.

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Aufstand der Kulturen: Konflikt-Region Zentralamerika, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua. Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe, 1987.

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Politics in Central America: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua. New York: Praeger, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "El Salvador; Guatamala; Nicaragua"

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Rosen, Jonathan D., and Hanna Samir Kassab. "El Salvador and Nicaragua." In Crime, Violence and the State in Latin America, 77–107. New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003079910-4.

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Krennerich, Michael. "Die Kriegsgenese in Nicaragua, El Salvador und Guatemala." In Wahlen und Antiregimekriege in Zentralamerika, 98–268. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97365-8_3.

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Wiegersma, Nan, and Joseph E. Medley. "United States Aid to El Salvador and Nicaragua." In US Economic Development Policies towards the Pacific Rim, 94–114. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333983867_6.

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Krennerich, Michael. "Zur Kompetitivität der Wahlen in Nicaragua, El Salvador und Guatemala." In Wahlen und Antiregimekriege in Zentralamerika, 25–97. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97365-8_2.

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Scheffers, Anja, and Tony Browne. "Pacific Coasts of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama." In Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms, 187–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8639-7_28.

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Bendel, Petra. "Parteien, Parteiensysteme und Demokratisierung in Zentralamerika: El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras und Nicaragua im Vergleich." In Systemwechsel 3, 215–50. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11587-8_7.

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Tanioka, Yuichiro, Amilcar Geovanny Cabrera Ramirez, and Yusuke Yamanaka. "Simulation of a Dispersive Tsunami due to the 2016 El Salvador–Nicaragua Outer-Rise Earthquake (Mw 6.9)." In Global Tsunami Science: Past and Future. Volume III, 133–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03760-4_9.

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Cañada, Ernest. "Community-based tourism in a degrowth perspective." In Issues and cases of degrowth in tourism, 42–63. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245073.0042.

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Abstract This chapter highlights that despite the large body of existing literature on community-based tourism there is a lack of research adopting a degrowth perspective, as well as those conditions in which degrowth can happen in the case of community-based tourism. Based on the negligence of past research, the chapter explores the potentialities and limitations of community-based tourism experiences in Central America from the perspective of a socioecological transition. The chapter analyses three community-based tourism initiatives in three Latin American countries: Cooperativa Los Pinos (El Salvador), Ecoposada El Tisey (Nicaragua) and Stribrawpa (Costa Rica), and highlights both their commercial success and their potential to show possible emancipatory paths. In doing so, in-depth interviews were conducted with the members of the three initiatives, and systematization of their main characteristics and results, as well as the identification of the adopted strategies, were reviewed in order to be considered as examples for a debate on how tourism can be rethought in a degrowth perspective.
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Cañada, Ernest. "Community-based tourism in a degrowth perspective." In Issues and cases of degrowth in tourism, 42–63. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245073.0003.

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Abstract This chapter highlights that despite the large body of existing literature on community-based tourism there is a lack of research adopting a degrowth perspective, as well as those conditions in which degrowth can happen in the case of community-based tourism. Based on the negligence of past research, the chapter explores the potentialities and limitations of community-based tourism experiences in Central America from the perspective of a socioecological transition. The chapter analyses three community-based tourism initiatives in three Latin American countries: Cooperativa Los Pinos (El Salvador), Ecoposada El Tisey (Nicaragua) and Stribrawpa (Costa Rica), and highlights both their commercial success and their potential to show possible emancipatory paths. In doing so, in-depth interviews were conducted with the members of the three initiatives, and systematization of their main characteristics and results, as well as the identification of the adopted strategies, were reviewed in order to be considered as examples for a debate on how tourism can be rethought in a degrowth perspective.
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"No. 44530. El Salvador and Nicaragua." In Treaty Series 2481, 93–102. UN, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/2f44f80f-en-fr.

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Conference papers on the topic "El Salvador; Guatamala; Nicaragua"

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Nezry, Edmond, Francis Yakam-Simen, Paul P. Romeijn, Iwan Supit, and Philippe Bally. "Assessment of "Mitch" hurricane damages in Honduras, Nicaragua, and El Salvador using ERS and SPOT images." In Europto Remote Sensing, edited by Manfred Owe, Guido D'Urso, and Eugenio Zilioli. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.413932.

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2

Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo. "Tracer hydrology of the data-scarce and heterogeneous Central American Isthmus." In I Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/cicen.1.36.

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Abstract:
Numerous socio-economic activities depend on the seasonal rainfall and groundwater recharge cycle across the Central American Isthmus. Population growth and unregulated land use changes resulted in extensive surface water pollution and a large dependency on groundwater resources. This chapter uses stable isotope variations in rainfall, surface water, and groundwater of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Honduras to develop a regionalized rainfall isoscape, isotopic lapse rates, spatial-temporal isotopic variations, and air mass back trajectories determining potential mean recharge elevations, moisture circulation patterns, and surface water-groundwater interactions. Intra-seasonal rainfall modes resulted in two isotopically depleted incursions (W-shaped isotopic pattern) during the wet season and two enriched pulses during the Mid-Summer Drought and the months of the strongest trade winds. Notable isotopic sub-cloud fractionation and near-surface secondary evaporation were identified as common denominators within the Central American Dry Corridor. Groundwater and surface water isotope ratios depicted the strong orographic separation into the Caribbean and Pacific domains, mainly induced by the governing moisture transport from the Caribbean Sea, complex rainfall producing systems across the N-S mountain range, and the subsequent mixing with local evapotranspiration, and, to a lesser degree, the eastern Pacific Ocean fluxes. Groundwater recharge was characterized by a) depleted recharge in highland areas (72.3%), b) rapid recharge via preferential flow paths (13.1%), and enriched recharge due to near-surface secondary fractionation (14.6%). Median recharge elevation ranged from 1,104 to 1,979 m a.s.l. These results are intended to enhance forest conservation practices, inform water protection regulations, and facilitate water security and sustainability planning in the Central American Isthmus.
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