Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'El Camino Pau'

Cette thèse s'intéresse aux orchestres de jeunes à vocation sociale et plus spécifiquement à l'orchestre El Camino Pau, dispositif local qui s'inscrit dans la lignée du programme vénézuélien El Sistema, à la renommée internationale, et du programme français Démos (Dispositif d'éducation musicale et orchestrale à vocation sociale), porté et piloté par la Philharmonie de Paris et opérant sur l'ensemble du territoire. L'objectif de ce travail doctoral est de comprendre et d'analyser les effets individuels, sociaux et spatiaux d'une pratique musicale collective et intensive – caractéristique majeure de ces projets d'éducation musicale – tant sur les enfants que sur les intervenants du champ musical. Les nombreuses observations recueillies directement sur le terrain et les entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès des enfants et des intervenants, reconduits à une année d'intervalle, ont permis de mettre en œuvre une analyse qualitative et compréhensive approfondie. El Camino, en tant que terrain et objet de recherche, est tout d'abord étudié afin de mieux appréhender son fonctionnement, ses spécificités et ses impacts. L'analyse commence ainsi par une proposition de relecture de l'objet El Camino à travers les concepts d'hybridation, de projet et de tiers-lieu. À partir de cette approche originale, El Camino se révèle être un projet hybride qui prend place dans un lieu qui pourrait s'apparenter à un tiers-lieu et cette configuration va avoir des répercussions sur les principaux acteurs du projet. L'analyse est ensuite centrée sur les intervenants du champ musical. L'objectif est d'identifier les effets du projet sur leur identité professionnelle et sur les remaniements qu'ils doivent opérer pour s'ajuster à cette nouvelle expérience, considérée comme une transition professionnelle. Sont enfin étudiés les effets spécifiques d'El Camino sur les enfants et adolescents qui y participent et plus particulièrement son impact sur la diversification des ressources des jeunes pour traverser les périodes de changements, comme celle de l'adolescence. Au-delà de son objet, il est important de souligner que la thèse elle-même possède ses propres spécificités. Le statut de chercheure impliquée au cœur du dispositif par l'intermédiaire d'un contrat CIFRE, et la posture intrinsèquement transdisciplinaire mêlant psychologie, anthropologie, géographie sociale et sociologie, en font un objet académique singulier
This thesis focuses on youth orchestras with a social vocation (social action through music) and more particularly the El Camino Pau orchestra, a local program that is in line with the Venezuelan program El Sistema, internationally renowned, and the Frend program Demos (Dispositif d'éducation musicale et orchestrale à vocation sociale), conducted and directed by the Paris Philharmonie and operating throughout the French territory. The objective of this doctoral work is to understand and analyse the individual, social and spatial effects of collective and intensive musical practice – a major characteristic of these musical projects – both on children and musicians involved in it. The many observations collected directly on the field and the semi-structured interviews carried out with the children and the musicians, repeated one year later, provided a qualitative and comprehensive analysis. El Camino, as a field and object of research, is first studied in order to better understand its functioning, its specificities and its impacts. The analysis thus begins with a proposal for a rereading of the El Camino object through the concepts of hybridization, project and third place. From this original approach, El Camino turns out to be a hybrid project that occurs in a place that could be likened to a third place and this configuration will have repercussions on the main actors of the project. The analysis is then centered on the musicians involved in this project. The objective is to identify the effects of the project on their professional identity and on the changes they must make to adjust to this new experience, considered as a professional transition. Finally, the specific effects of El Camino on the children and teenagers who participate in it are studied, and more particularly its impact on the diversification of young people's resources in order to go through periods of change, especially during adolescence. Beyond its object, it is important to emphasize that the thesis itself has its own specificities. The status of researcher involved at the heart of the system through a CIFRE contract, and the intrinsically transdisciplinary posture combining psychology, anthropology, social geography and sociology, make it a unique academic object

Esta investigación pretende incursionar en la obra de Octavio Paz con el ánimo de descubrir una serie de recurrencias o inquietudes 'religiosas' por parte del poeta mexicano, una búsqueda de lo divino fuera de un credo confesional específico. Una vez realizada esa exploración, se pretende entablar un ejercicio que relaciona literatura y teología. La hipótesis que orienta esta segunda parte de la investigación plantea la posibilidad de entender la poesía como un Locus theologicus, como otro lugar de revelación. Esta propuesta provoca un diálogo entre la concepción de la revelación cristiana y la ‘revelación poética’ defendida por Octavio Paz.
This research aims to explore Octavio Paz’s works in order to discover his ‘religious’ concerns, which can be understood as a quest for divinity outside of the boundaries of any specific creed. This research also attempts to link literature and theology. The hypothesis that guides this second part of this dissertation proposes the possibility of conceiving poetry as a Locus theologicus, as another place of revelation. This concept provides a dialogue between the Christian theology of revelation and the idea of “poetic revelation” as defended by Octavio Paz.

A pesquisa do Mestrado, que se iniciou no primeiro semestre de 2006, tem por objetivo analisar Clepsidra, de Camilo Pessanha, bem como Poèmes Saturniens e Jadis et Naguère, de Paul Verlaine, sob a perspectiva do fluir inexorável do tempo e do sujeito desencantado e recolhido em si mesmo. Trata-se de verificar os procedimentos estéticoliterários, as imagens poéticas e as questões decorrentes desses temas nas obras desses dois simbolistas um francês e, outro, português ilustrando possíveis diálogos estabelecidos entre uma e outra.
The Masters research that began in the first semester of 2006 has the objective to analyse Clepsidra by Camilo Pessanha as well as Poèmes Saturniens and Jadis et Naguére by Paul Verlaine,under the perspective of the inoxerable flowing of the time and of the miserable and introverted subject. Its about verifying the esthetic literary procedures, the poetic imageries and the resulting questions from these themes in the works of these two simbolists, a French and another one, Portuguese, ilustrating possible dialogues established between each other.

A presente pesquisa é dedicada à poesia do simbolista português Camilo Pessanha, tendo em vista sua relação com a dos autores franceses Paul Verlaine e Stéphane Mallarmé, na tentativa de mostrar que Pessanha em muito supera a imagem de Verlaine Português, ao propor uma obra inovadora e fragmentária, que em alguns aspectos aproxima-se da escrita mallarmeana, preservando, no entanto, toda sua identidade e originalidade. Para tanto, atentou-se aos princípios formais da poética simbolista presentes na obra de cada um dos três, notadamente à sonoridade utilizada como forma de sugestão. Do mesmo modo, foi examinado como o uso de sintaxe truncada em poemas fragmentários pode favorecer os efeitos musicais e plásticos do texto também no sentido de suscitar e evocar imagens. Além disso, buscou-se identificar temas e símbolos comuns ao Simbolismo para verificar como cada um deles desenvolve tais aspectos em suas composições poéticas. A partir das semelhanças, dissonâncias e especificidades entre a poética desses três autores, tentou-se, pois, estabelecer pontos de contato entre a obra de Camilo Pessanha e as de Paul Verlaine e de Stéphane Mallarmé. Estudou-se também o lugar de Camilo Pessanha no movimento simbolista português, uma vez que foi, dentre os portugueses, aquele que mais se aproximou do Simbolismo parisiense, a despeito de muito pouco ter vivido em Portugal. Por fim, pretendeu-se destacar a grande importância destes três poetas para o desenvolvimento daquilo que se convencionou chamar de modernidade lírica.
The present research studies the poetry from the Portuguese symbolist poet Camilo Pessanha, considering his relation with the French authors Paul Verlaine and Stéphane Mallarmé, aiming to display that Pessanha surpasses by far the \"Portuguese Verlaine\" image, by proposing an innovative and fragmentary writing, which in some aspects nears mallarmean writing, although preserving his entire identity and originality. To that end, the formal principles from the symbolist poetic found in the works of the three aforementioned poets were observed, especially sonority as means of suggestion. Moreover, it was analyzed how the use of intricate syntax in fragmentary poems can assist the musical and pictorial effects of the poem to evoke images. It is expected to disclosure the similarities, dissonances and specificities between the poetic of the aforementioned authors, in an attempt to establish contact points between the Camilo Pessanhas writing and the poetics of Paul Verlaine and Stéphane Mallarmé. Camilo Pessanhas place in the Portuguese symbolist movement was also studied, considering that he was, among the Portuguese poets, the one who neared the Parisian symbolism the most, though he did not live much in Portugal. Finally, it was intended to highlight the great importance from these three poets to the development of what we stipulated to name the lyrical modernity.

Colombia is highly vulnerable to climate change due to its geographical position and its economic dependence in the first sector. In 2016 the country created a historic opportunity to end the armed conflict and build territorial peace when the State and the FARC-EP signed the Peace Agreement. However, without being its objective, with the partial implementation of Point 1, climate change adaptation strategies were created. Once the Agreement is signed, the deforestation rate shot up to unprecedented levels with the support of legal and illegal side, putting at risk the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. This flagellum, that further threatens climate change resilience, revealed the urgency to implement environmental peace as well. The aim is to analyze the new land-use tools and how they become an opportunity to protect the environment, to solve socio-environmental conflicts and improve climate adaptability of the most vulnerable rural communities in two departments: Antioquia and Guaviare
Colombia es un país altamente vulnerable al cambio climático por su posición geográfica y su dependencia en el primer sector de la economía. En 2016 el Estado y las FARC-EP firmaron el Acuerdo de Paz; el punto uno que aborda la reforma rural integral creó dos instrumentos de planificación territorial, cuyo objetivo es construir paz territoral. Sin embargo, sin ser la intención del Acuerdo, la implementación de estos dos instrumentos consolidaron estrategias de adptación al cambio climático. Tras la firma, la deforestación se convirtió en la principal amenaza socioambiental,lo que a su vez develó la urgente necesidad de hacer la paz ambiental. Se selección los departamentos: Antioquia y Guaviare, para develar cómo la construcción concertada de dichos instrumentos se convierte en una oportunidad para proteger el medio ambiente, solucionar los conflictos socioambientales derivados del uso del territorio y mejorar la adaptabilidad climática de las comunidades rurales más vulnerables
Programa de Doctorat en Medi Ambient

Essa dissertação tem como objetivo geral apresentar a importância da Cultura da Paz examinando o sermão do Monte em harmonia com os Pilares da Bioética e suas contribuições para a promoção da Cultura da Paz. A Educação como um instrumento próprio na divulgação e promoção da Cultura da Paz e a religião como forte aliada da ciência na propagação da paz. Os objetivos específicos são: Apresentar o Movimento Mundial da Cultura da paz; Contribuir com o estudo sobre o Sermão do Monte e os pilares da Bioética na promoção da Cultura da Paz; Refletir sobre função da escola como um local propício para a implantação da cultura da Paz sem esquecer de seus desafios mantendo a esperança e a fé em dias melhores. Apresentar alguns desafios da escola de hoje e as possíveis saídas para as crises da contemporaneidade sobre a escola. A dissertação é dividida em três capítulos. O primeiro versa sobre a Cultura da paz. O segundo sobre a contribuição da religião especificamente cristã através do Sermão do Monte proferido por Jesus Cristo e os Pilares da Bioética. Por último, A escola como espaço propício a implantação da cultura da paz. Dialogamos dentre outros com: Boff, Dreyfus, Nascimento, Engelmann, Milani, Dias, Noleto, Rodrigues, Sinner, Waiselfisz, Barchifotaine, Beauchamp, Brakemeier, Comte-Sponville Cescon e Nodari, Delors, Sales, Gadoti, Estáquio, Martin Lutero, Boock, DAmbrósio, Lück, Aranha, Almeida, Chalita, Paulo Freire. A metodologia empregada é a bibliográfica, pesquisando em toda literatura pertinente, abrangendo várias áreas do conhecimento como também, outros meios de informação a respeito do tema que abarque toda bibliografia já tornada pública, desde publicações avulsas, boletins, jornais, revistas, livros, pesquisas, monografias, teses, etc. Utilizei, onde apropriado, meios de comunicação orais: rádio, gravação em cd e áudio visual: filmes e televisão. Portanto, essa pesquisa busca, em um primeiro momento, verificar por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e da interlocução entre religião e educação fundamentar teoricamente a possibilidade de mudança de comportamento entre os agentes escolares, desde a direção até o porteiro, Certamente, essa paz que desejamos é um reflexo da construção de valores como bondade, justiça, equidade, humildade. O espaço escolar pode tornar-se um local propício para a promoção de Cultura de Paz tendo como meta Educar para a Paz.
This thesis has as its general goal to present the importance of the Culture of Peace examining the Sermon on the Mount in harmony with the Pillars of Bioethics and their contributions to the promotion of a Culture of Peace. And Education as an appropriate instrument in divulging and promoting a Culture of Peace with religion as a strong ally of science in the propagation of peace. The specific goals are: to present the World Movement of a Culture of Peace; contribute to the study of the Sermon on the Mount and the pillars of Bioethics in the promotion of the Culture of Peace; reflect on the role of the school as a propitious space for the implantation of a Culture of Peace without forgetting its challenges while maintaining hope and faith in better days; to present some of the challenges of the school today and possible ways out of the crises of contemporaneity within the schools. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first deals with the Culture of Peace. The second is about the contribution of religion, specifically the Christian religion, through the Sermon on the Mount proffered by Jesus Christ, and the Pillars of Bioethics. And the last deals with the school as a propitious space for the implantation of a culture of peace. We dialogued with: Boff, Dreyfus, Nascimento, Engelmann, Milani, Dias, Noleto, Rodrigues, Sinner, Waiselfisz, Barchifotaine, Beauchamp, Brakemeier, Comte- Sponville Cescon and Nodari, Delors, Sales, Gadoti, Estáquio, Martin Lutero, Boock, DAmbrósio, Lück, Aranha, Almeida, Chalita, Paulo Freire. The methodology used was bibliographic, researching in all the pertinent literature, ranging over various areas of knowledge, as well as in other means of information regarding the theme which covers all the bibliography already made public, from sporadic publications, bulletins, newspapers, journals, books, to other research, monographs, theses, etc. Where appropriate I used oral means of communication: radio, CDs and audio visuals: films and television. Therefore this research seeks to, in the first moment, theoretically substantiate, through bibliographic research and through the interlocution between religion and education, the possibility of behavioral change among school agents, from the head staff to the door keeper. Certainly, this peace which we desire is a reflection of the construction of values such as kindness, justice, equity, humility. The school space can become a propitious space for promoting a Culture of Peace as the goal of Educating for Peace.

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Estuda o pensamento político de Juan Bautista Albrerdi (1810-1884), um dos principais intelectuais da América Hispânica, membro da chamada Geração de 37. Destaca os seguintes aspectos dos escritos dessa geração: os argumentos que compunham o chamado 'conceito genético da ação', a importância da religião cristã e a crítica ao governo de Juan Manuel de Rosas. Analisa a obra Bases, ressaltando os seguintes princípios: a importância da imigração para a educação das massas; liberdade civil para o desenvolvimento industrial e comercial do país; liberdade política limitada e a nessecidade de um executivo forte. Refuta a interpretação que entende o pensamento hispano-americano como um 'desvio' do liberalismo europeu, estabelecendo um paralelo entre o pensamento de Alberdi com o de liberais europeus, como Montesquieu e Adam Smith. Em seguida, analisa a obra El crimen de la guerra, onde Alberdi propõe a criação de um povo-mundo a partir do comércio e dos princípios morais do cristianismo. Ressalta a presença da religião cristã no liberalismo clássico, a fim de demonstrar que isso não é um elemento específico do pensamento de Alberdi.

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The Internet suffer an increased amount of traffic. This increase could affect the structure of computer networks generating packet losses and delays. This loss and delay stems from the packet flows that generate more traffic that particular path or subpath, can support. Given this situation we show in this paper a mechanism based on P2P that balances the load by using multiple paths along with the breaking of the flow in smaller streams. For this mechanism called P2P-Flow that can be implemented in OpenFlow. In our simulation we compare this mechanism with multicast and unicast in multiple scenarios. The contributions of this work are detailed in the idea P2PFlow and compared with the multicast and unicast topology in various scenarios.
A internet sofrerá um aumento na quantidade de tráfego. Esse aumento poderá afetar a estrutura das redes de computadores gerando perdas de pacotes e atrasos. Essa perda e atraso tem origem nos fluxos de pacotes que geram tráfegos maiores que determinado caminho, ou subcaminho, pode suportar. Diante desse quadro expomos nesse trabalho um mecanismo inspirado em P2P que balanceia a carga utilizando múltiplos caminhos junto com a quebra do fluxo em fluxos menores. Para esse mecanismo denominamos P2P-Flow que pode ser implementado em Openflow. Em nossa simulação comparamos esse mecanismo com multicast e unicast em múltiplos cenários. As contribuições desse trabalho estão no detalhamento da ideia do P2PFlow e a comparação com o Multicast e Unicast em vários cenários de topologia.

¿Habrá más hambre en el futuro, a raíz de los cambios esperados en el clima? En este artículo se reseñan las previsiones sobre cambio climático en el mundo y en América Latina, preparadas por el Panel Intergubernamental de Cambio Climático (IPCC) de la ONU, y sus probables consecuencias sobre la agricultura y la seguridad alimentaria de América Latina, estimadas por dos métodos: modelos ricardianos y modelos de evaluación integrada. También se discute brevemente algunas cuestionesconexas, como la subida en el nivel del mar, la deglaciación andina, y la dinámica del fenómeno del Niño, el posible efecto del cambio climático sobre el campesinado andino y otros pequeños productores de subsistencia, así como problemas conceptuales y metodológicos relacionados con estos análisis. También se exploran factores no climatológicos que están en juego, como tendencias demográficas, cambios agrarios y crecimiento del ingreso, entre otros. Contra lo que podría suponerse, las perspectivas no son catastróficas ni mucho menos.

Cette thèse est une biographie de Paul Cambon (1843-1924) et de Jules Cambon (1845-1935) qui furent préfets et ambassadeurs sous la IIIe République. Leurs carrières, étonnamment parallèles, méritaient d'être étudiées ensemble. Nés à paris sous la Monarchie de juillet, licenciés en droit, les frères Cambon entamèrent leur longue ascension après la chute du Second empire, dans le sillage de leur ami Jules ferry et avec l'appui d'un important réseau de relations. Ils furent préfets dans plusieurs départements et se succédèrent même dans le Nord. La deuxième étape de leur carrière fut coloniale : Paul Cambon fut résident en Tunisie de 1882 à 1886 et organisa le protectorat ; Jules Cambon fut gouverneur général de l'Algérie de 1891 à 1897, chargé d'initier d'importantes réformes administratives. Dans ces deux postes, l'un et l'autre furent confrontés à des difficultés (conflit de Paul Cambon avec le général Boulanger a Tunis ; hostilité des élus algériens envers Jules Cambon) qui ne les empêchèrent pas cependant d'entrer dans la diplomatie. Paul Cambon fut en poste à Madrid (1886-1891), à Constantinople (1891-1898) et à Londres (1898-1920) ; Jules Cambon à Washington (1897-1902), à Madrid (1902-1907) et à Berlin (1907-1914). Ils continuèrent d'exercer une certaine influence pendant la Grande guerre (Jules Cambon fut notamment secrétaire général du Quai d'Orsay de 1915 à 1917 et membre de la délégation à la Conférence de la paix). Avec Camille Barrère, les deux frères furent des piliers de la politique de Delcassé, qui aboutit notamment à l'Entente cordiale. En s'appuyant sur une correspondance privée dont une grande partie était restée inédite jusqu'a présent, cette thèse entend apporter un éclairage sur plusieurs aspects : stratégie de carrière, vie quotidienne dans les préfectures et les ambassades, regard des hauts fonctionnaires sur la vie politique, jugements de deux grands diplomates sur les pays, les peuples et les ensembles géopolitiques. . . Les lettres des Cambon, outre leur style séduisant, constituent en effet un témoignage saisissant sur une époque et éclairent de l'intérieur l'action administrative et diplomatique
This thesis consists in a biography of Paul Cambon (1843-1924) and Jules Cambon (1845-1935) who were prefects and ambassadors under the Third Republic. Their careers had to be studied at once, as they were astonishingly parallels. Born in Paris in the reign of Louis Philippe, graduated in law, the Cambon brothers started their rising career after the ending of Second Empire, after Jules Ferry's example and with the support of several influential friends. They were prefects in different departments, sometimes in the same the one after the other, like it happened in the North. The second part of their career has been accomplished in the colonies. Paul Cambon has been in Tunisia from 1882 to 1886 where he organised the French protectorate ; Jules Cambon has been governor of Algeria from 1891 to 1897 in charge of major state reforms. They both faced difficulties (Paul Cambon against General Boulanger in Tunis ; Jules Cambon against the delegates in Algeria), but they still succeeded to enter the diplomatic service. Paul Cambon was sent in Madrid (1886-1891), in Constantinople (1891-1898) and in London (1898-1920). Jules Cambon worked on Washington (1897-1902), in Madrid (1902-1907) and Berlin (1907-1914). During the World War I, they both still exerted their influence (Jules Cambon was Secretary General of French Foreign Office from 1915 to 1917 and a member of the French Delegation at the Peace Conference of Paris). The two brothers were, as well as Camille Barrère, the best support of Delcassé’s policy, which lead to the Entente cordiale. Based on the private letters mostly unpublished before their work, their memoir intends to light up several issues : strategy of career, daily lives, in the prefectures and the embassies, state official's on political life, on other countries and other peoples and on the geopolitical groups. . . Apart being very well written, these letters are mainly an amazing testimony on a specific era and enlighten from the heart the administrative and diplomatic process

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2005.
Title from document title page (viewed on November 1, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains v, 209 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-208).

L’attività di tesi, che è stata eseguita interamente presso Sacmi SC di Imola, vede come oggetto della trattazione lo sviluppo di un cambio stampi rapido robotizzato di una pressa rotativa per la produzione di preforme in PET, denominata PAM. Questa macchina è stata progettata per produrre preforme in materiale termoplastico a compressione. La preforma costituisce lo stadio preliminare della bottiglia di plastica, che verrà poi riempita con bevande di ogni genere; il processo che viene svolto sulla PAM, ha il compito di trasformare il PET, inserito in granuli, nel prodotto finale rappresentato in figura 1, cioè la preforma. Il granulato di PET, viene deumidificato ed inserito all’interno dell’estrusore che lo riscalda fino a fonderlo, raggiungendo quindi una temperatura che si aggira intorno ai 260 e i 280 °C. Viene quindi formata la dose, quantità precisa di materiale che caratterizza la taglia della preforma, che viene successivamente trasportata sullo stampo, per la fase di formatura. Come risulta intuibile, la caratterizzazione della preforma e del prodotto finito, dipende quindi dalle dimensioni caratteristiche dello stampo, in termini di lunghezza e larghezza. Nella macchina attuale, la possibilità di cambio formato risulta essere un’operazione limitata in termini di tipologie di formati utilizzabili, e dispendiosa, in termini di tempo ed energie. Si è pensato quindi alla progettazione di un sistema di cambio formato stampi, che fosse allo stesso tempo rapido, versatile e non gravoso per le persone. Per riuscire a raggiungere questi obbietti, si è ripensato al sistema di stampi superiore, al suo fissaggio al corpo principale della macchina, e alla possibilità di estrarlo in modo rapido, preciso e automatizzato attraverso l’utilizzo di un robot costruito ad hoc e posizionato in prossimità della macchina.

La collision d'un camion sur un pont est un événement courant et peut engendrer des efforts considérables dans la structure. Selon la norme canadienne CSA-S6-14, la pile d'un pont doit être conçue pour résister à une charge statique de 1400 kN à 1,2 m au-dessus du niveau du sol. Peu d'études récentes abordent ce sujet et aucune des études trouvées dans la littérature ne présente des résultats expérimentaux. Le but de ce mémoire est d'approfondir davantage nos connaissances sur le phénomène des collisions d'un véhicule avec un pont et de recueillir des résultats tant expérimentaux que numériques. La méthode expérimentale comprend les essais en laboratoire de deux piles en béton armé à échelles réduites 1:6 ainsi que la modélisation de ces essais à l'aide d'un modèle par éléments finis avec le logiciel LS-DYNA. Le premier essai consiste à imposer un chargement cyclique quasi-statique au niveau du chevêtre de la pile. Ceci permet de caractériser la pile et de calibrer un modèle numérique statique. Par la suite, un deuxième modèle numérique incluant la super-structure est utilisé pour simuler la collision d'un camion semi-remorque sur la pile étudiée. Les résultats du déplacement du chevêtre en fonction du temps du modèle numérique sont par la suite utilisés comme cas de chargement du deuxième essai. Finalement, un troisième modèle numérique est calibré à l'aide des résultats expérimentaux du deuxième essai. Les résultats démontrent que le montage expérimental ainsi que le modèle numérique reproduisent avec succès une charge d'impact. De plus, la nature dynamique de l'essai atteint des taux de déformations dans l'armature au-dessus de la limite quasi-statique. L'essai dynamique présente donc une charge pseudo-statique supérieure à la charge quasi-statique équivalente. Finalement, la force pseudo-statique maximale à l'échelle 1:1 atteint plus de 1832 kN alors que la force prescrite par la norme CSA-S6-14 est de 1400 kN.

Orientadora: Profª Drª Gizele de Souza
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Defesa: Curitiba, 24/03/2015
Inclui referências : fls. 347-377
Resumo: As discussões acerca da infância assumem crescente importância na agenda política e científica das nações no início do século XX. Esta tese se estrutura sobre a análise debates acerca das questões da infância na América, sobretudo na América Latina, a partir do estudo dos três primeiros Congresos Americanos del Niño, cujas primeiras edições ocorreram nos anos de 1916, 1919 e 1922. Busco prioritariamente analisando os registros das palestras, comunicações e conferências proferidas nestes eventos analisar de que modo através dos Congresos Americanos del Niño, se constituíram as representações sobre "el niño americano" do início do século - sua educabilidade e escolarização, sua vida social e familiar, seus direitos - dentro de uma perspectiva pan-americana de internacionalização de conceitos, projetos, modelos e referenciais sobre a infância. Para tanto a pesquisa se respalda em referenciais teóricos da História Cultural, ancorada principalmente em Chartier, com os conceitos de Representação, Apropriação, Lutas de Representação e Circulação. O aporte de pesquisadores da História da Infância, como Egle Becchi, Sandra Carli, Moysés Kuhlmann Jr., Irma Rizzini, Gizele de Souza, Susana Sosenski, entre outros, é igualmente essencial a esta pesquisa. Os Congresos Americanos del Niño, (que a partir de sua quarta edição em 1924 em Santiago do Chile, passam a se chamar Congresos Panamericanos del Niño) tornaram-se uma instituição longeva, tendo a mais recente de suas edições ocorrido em 2014 no Brasil. As análises desta tese estarão restritas às três primeiras edições por considerar fecundo um aprofundamento nos discursos germinais que consolidaram estes congressos e que sem dúvida constituíram parte importante desta mesma longevidade. Palavras-chave: História da Educação, História da Infância, América Latina, Congressos Pan-Americanos da Criança
Abstract: Discussions about childhood gained political and scientific importance during the early years of 20th century. This thesis is structured on childhood issues in America, specifically in Latin America, based on research and investigation about the first editions of the Congresos Americanos del Niño, which occurred between 1916 and 1922. Analyzing data from reports of seminars and conferences given on the mentioned events I intend to investigate how the representations about "El niño americano" have been constructed during the early years of the last century - its educability and schooling, its social and familiar life - through a panamerican perspective of internationalization of concepts, projects, models and refereces about childhood. To achieve this purpose, this research was fundamented on Cultural History, anchored mainly on Chartier, making use of the concepts of Apropriation, Representation Struggles and Circulation. The Congressos Americanos Del Niño (wich were renamed Congresos Panamericanos del Niño) became an enduring institution, and the most recent event happened in 2014, in Brazil. The analysis made to this thesis is restricted to the first 3 editions, for I consider a deeper investigation on these first speeches may contribute a better undestanding about the consolidation of these events: these speeches without any doubt contributed largely for its longevity. Key words: History of Education, History of Childhood, Latin America, Panamerican Congress of Children.

Un modèle multicorps de camion semi-remorque à 331 degrés de liberté a été construit dans un logiciel à code source libre. Il a été étalonné et validé à l’aide d’une campagne expérimentale effectuée sur la route. Le signal d’un photodétecteur, 10 signaux d’accélération, la distribution du poids, les données météorologiques et le profil longitudinal de la route y ont été recueillis. Afin de bien représenter l’interaction avec la route, un modèle dynamique du pneu a été développé et il est précis jusqu’à 100 Hz. Ce dernier a été étalonné à l’aide de données obtenues à partir d’un modèle fiable d’analyse par éléments finis. Finalement, le modèle de camion a été utilisé dans une étude paramétrique qui a servi à obtenir des relations entre différents critères d’évaluation des profils et l’efficacité du transport. Ces différents critères sont l’IRI, le HRI et plusieurs autres indices inspirés de ceux-ci. L’efficacité est évaluée selon la consommation d’essence, l’usure du véhicule, la santé des occupants et la sécurité.
A multibody model of a semi-trailer truck with 331 degrees of freedom was built using an open source software. It was calibrated and validated by an on road experimental campaign. There, the signal from a photodetector, 10 acceleration signals, the weight distribution, meteorological data, and the longitudinal profile have been collected. In order to properly represent the interaction with the road, a dynamic tire model has been developed and it is precise at up to 100 Hz. The latter was calibrated with data obtained from a trustworthy finite element model. Finally, the truck model was used in a parametric study which allowed to obtain the relationships between various road surface evaluation criteria and the efficiency of vehicles. These criteria are the IRI, the HRI, and many more inspired from those two. The efficiency is evaluated in terms of fuel consumption, vehicle wear, passenger health, and security.

Mestrado em Economia e Políticas Públicas
A crescente procura dos serviços prestados pelos tribunais para resolução das mais pequenas questões, origina dificuldades numa resposta célere e eficiente do sistema judicial ?tradicional?, estruturado para outro tipo de procura. Estas questões explicam a vasta produção científica, ao longo das últimas três décadas, relativa à mediação de conflitos. Também em vários países se encontram a funcionar, de um modo estruturado, mecanismos de mediação. Em Portugal, os julgados de paz - primeiros tribunais a oferecer ao cidadão um serviço público de mediação de conflitos - iniciaram o seu funcionamento em 2002, tendo-se vindo a assistir a um cuidadoso aumento da rede destes tribunais. Este trabalho procura identificar as principais alterações ao modelo tradicional, explicando a sua implementação durante o período de 2002-2009. Associando os elementos estatísticos apresentados e os argumentos científicos aceites, propõem-se algumas alterações ao modelo de funcionamento dos Julgados de Paz e equaciona-se a possibilidade de implementar instâncias de mediação de conflitos para outros tribunais, visando a sua eficiência e a satisfação do cidadão pela oferta prestada.
The growing demand for services provided by the Courts to solve small cases, causes delays giving an efficient answer within a reasonable time frame, which is due to a "traditional" justice structure created for another type of demand. These questions explain why a significant scientific elaboration related with conflict mediation was made during the last three decades. Besides the theoretical background, conflicts mediation services, duly structured, have been created and are currently functioning throughout several countries. In Portugal, the Julgados de Paz - the first courts to provide to citizens a public service of mediation - started working in 2002. Since then, there was a consistent growth of service provided, both the area covered and the population served. This paper aims to identify the how these new Courts has advantages over the "traditional" Courts, explaining how this development and growth was made within the period between 2002 and 2009 Relating statistical data gathered over 2002-2009, with the scientific evidence and theory, some conclusions are taken and cost-effective measures suggested to improve results on the existing"Julgados de Paz" system. Finally, the possibility of applying the same type of conflict mediation services the "traditional" judicial system is evaluated to be considered in order to obtain efficiency, satisfy the citizen need for justice and improve the country's competitiveness.

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École Normale Supérieure
In the French scenery of the 1960s and 1970s decades, Foucault is one of the most expressive persons to criticize the philosophical modernity . Since his complementary thesis on Kant´s Anthropology (1961), sustained mainly on the reinstatement of the Nietzschean démarche, the author will consider urgent the task of putting a full stop to the proliferation of the questions about the man . Jean-Paul Sartre in his turn seems to represent at that time the antithesis of the Foucaultian project: his Critique of Dialectical Reason inaugurates the 1960s decade with an effort to reinstate the dialecticity of the subject itself, considering it as an irreducible element to the intelligibility of history. Thus, acknowledging dialectics as the living logic of action , Sartre intends that the man and his action be rediscovered in the core of marxism itself and the Sartrean ontology which started with Being and Nothingness (1943) is submitted to the need of establishing the foundations of an anthropology in the field of the individual´s practical historialization . Starting from the antagonism represented by the concurrent projects of Jean-Paul Sartre and Michel Foucault in the context of the sixties , this work intends to revisit the trajectory of both authors in order to outline the choices and dilemmas (political and theoretical) of two different generations of French contemporary philosophy. To the resolute Sartrean humanism with its indelible centrality of subject will correspond Foucault´s attitude of equal resolute antihumanism . Thus, Sartre´s existentialism translated by Foucault as a methaphysics of subjectiveness will find its most incisive challenge in the Foucaultian theme of the death of man place of convergence of a generation which could be called (not without mistakes) of post-existentialist
No panorama francês das décadas de 1960 e 1970, Foucault é um das figuras mais representativas da crítica à modernidade filosófica . Desde sua tese complementar sobre a Antropologia de Kant (1961), apoiando-se sobretudo na recuperação da démarche nietzschiana, o autor há de considerar urgente a tarefa de colocar um ponto final na proliferação da interrogação sobre o homem . Jean-Paul Sartre, por seu turno, parece representar à época a antítese do projeto foucaultiano: sua Crítica da razão dialética inaugura a década de 1960 com um esforço de recuperação da dialeticidade do próprio sujeito , tomando-o como elemento irredutível para a inteligibilidade da história. Assim, reconhecendo a dialética como a lógica viva da ação , Sartre pretende que o homem e seu agir sejam redescobertos no próprio cerne do marxismo e a ontologia sartriana, cuja base remonta a O ser e o nada (1943), se vê remetida à necessidade de fundamentação de uma antropologia no âmbito da historialização prática do indivíduo. Partindo do antagonismo representado pelos projetos concorrentes de Jean-Paul Sartre e Michel Foucault no horizonte dos sixties , este trabalho pretende revisitar a trajetória dos dois autores a fim de delinear as opções e os dilemas (teóricos e políticos) de duas gerações distintas da filosofia contemporânea francesa. Ao decido humanismo sartriano com sua indelével centralidade do sujeito corresponderá uma atitude de não menos decidido anti-humanismo por parte de Foucault. Nesta medida, o existencialismo de Sartre, traduzido por Foucault em termos de uma metafísica da subjetividade , encontrará seu desafio mais incisivo no tema foucaultiano da morte do homem lugar de convergência de uma geração que se poderia chamar (não sem equívocos) de pós-existencialista

[EN] Phosphorus is very important in life because it plays an essential role in biological processes. The main use of phosphorus is in the fertilizer industry in the form of phosphates. These phosphates come mainly from phosphate rocks which might be exhausted in 50-100 years. The overexploitation of phosphate rocks has resulted in decreased quality of reserves, and it has raised the cost of extraction, processing and shipping. Moreover, phosphorus coming from wastewater, phosphate rock dissolution, and soil with an excessive supply of fertilizer, is deposited on the surface water bodies causing a serious pollution problem called eutrophication. One of the systems most used to reduced phosphorus levels in the wastewater is the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). This process involves capturing biologically, alternating between anaerobic oxic/anoxic conditions, the wastewater phosphorus through the phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs). However, one of the main problems of this process is that the glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) compete with PAOs for volatile fatty acids (VFA). Even though there have been many studies on the factors affecting competition between PAOs and GAOs, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the metabolism of PAOs when they lack energy reserves in the form of intracellular polyphosphates (poly-P) and its effect on the population dynamics of PAOs and GAOs in an activated sludge system. Therefore, the main goal of this dissertation is to study short- and long-term the metabolic behavior of the PAOs to different levels of poly-P; to analyze the population dynamics of microorganisms involved in the process EBPR; to model mathematically that metabolic behavior; and finally, to evaluate the possible recovery of phosphorus by extracting poly-P present in the PAOs. In the short- and long-term study was observed a metabolic shift correlates with the content in poly-P so that under low contents of poly-P the PAOs are able to behave as GAOs but without a significant development of the GAO population. Although, in both studies was observed the same metabolic behavior, from the microbiological point of view were observed some differences. In the short-term, the PAO Type II clearly showed the metabolic shift, while long-term were the PAO Type I. From the experiments performed, necessary expressions (stoichiometric and kinetic) were developed to include new behaviors observed (metabolic rate) in metabolic models existing today. Monod type expressions were developed and implemented on the model of the PAOs to represent the change between the typical stoichiometric parameters of PAO and GAO metabolism. The model was calibrated and validated showing the ability to correctly represent the metabolic change of PAOs under low concentrations of poly-P. When was observed that with low concentrations of poly-P the PAOs have the ability to change its metabolism, without the process was deteriorated by the development of the GAO population, two operating strategies were evaluated to obtain a stream rich in phosphorus to allow later retrieval. The strategies studied differed in the level of extraction of the poly-P from PAOs. In the first strategy, it was extracted less than 40 % of poly-P, while the second strategy, it came to extract more than 90 % of poly-P. The second strategy showed a higher extraction efficiency, achieving recover up to 81 % of the phosphorus present in the wastewater. As a result, of work performed four articles were generated, three of them published in journals of particular importance (2 in the journal Water Research and 1 in the journal Chemical Engineering Journal) constituting the main body of this thesis.
[ES] El fósforo es de gran importancia para la vida debido a que desempeña un papel esencial en los procesos biológicos. El principal uso del fósforo está en la industria de los fertilizantes en forma de fosfatos. Estos fosfatos provienen principalmente de las rocas fosfáticas, las cuales podrían llegar a agotarse entre los próximos 50 y 100 años. La sobreexplotación de la roca fosfática, ha generado una disminución en la calidad de las reservas, y ha elevado el coste de su extracción, procesamiento y transporte marítimo. Por otra parte, el fósforo proveniente de las aguas residuales, de la disolución de las rocas fosfáticas y de los suelos con excesivo aporte de fertilizantes, se deposita en los cuerpos de aguas superficiales produciendo un grave problema de contaminación llamado eutrofización. Uno de los sistemas más empleados para reducir los niveles de fósforo en el agua residual es el proceso de eliminación biológica de fósforo (EBPR). Este proceso implica capturar biológicamente, alternando entre condiciones anaerobias óxicas/anóxicas, el fósforo del agua residual mediante organismos acumuladores de fósforo (PAOs). Sin embargo, uno de los principales problemas de este proceso, es la competencia de las PAOs con los organismos acumuladores de glucógeno (GAOs) por los ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV). Aunque si bien se han realizado muchos estudios sobre los factores que afectan la competencia entre PAOs y GAOs, existen aún muchas preguntas sin respuesta en relación al metabolismo de las PAOs cuando estas carecen de reservas energéticas en forma de polifosfatos intracelulares (poli-P) y a su efecto sobre la dinámica de las poblaciones de PAOs y GAOs en un sistema de fangos activados. Es por ello que el objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral consiste en: estudiar a corto y largo plazo el comportamiento metabólico de las PAOs al cambiar el contenido en poli-P; analizar la dinámica poblacional de los microorganismos implicados en el proceso de EBPR; modelizar matemáticamente dicho comportamiento metabólico y por último evaluar la posible recuperación de fósforo mediante la extracción del poli-P presente en las PAOs. En el estudio a corto y largo plazo se observó un cambio metabólico correlacionado con el contenido en poli-P, de forma que a bajos contenidos de poli-P las PAOs se comportaban metabólicamente como las GAOs, pero sin que estas últimas se llegaran a desarrollar de forma significativa. A pesar de observar el mismo comportamiento metabólico en ambos estudios, desde el punto de vista microbiológico se observaron diferencias. A corto plazo, las PAO Tipo II mostraron claramente el cambio metabólico, mientras que a largo plazo fueron las PAO Tipo I. A partir de los experimentos realizados, se desarrollaron las expresiones necesarias (estequiométricas y cinéticas) para incluir los nuevos comportamientos observados (cambio metabólico) en los modelos metabólicos existentes en la actualidad. Expresiones tipo Monod fueron desarrolladas e implementadas en el modelo de las PAOs para representar el cambio entre los parámetros estequiométricos típicos del metabolismo PAO y GAO. El modelo fue calibrado y validado mostrando la capacidad de representar correctamente el cambio metabólico de las PAOs a concentraciones bajas de poli-P. Al observar que las PAOs tienen la habilidad de cambiar su metabolismo a bajas concentraciones de poli-P, sin que se deteriorara el proceso por el desarrollo de las GAOs, se evaluaron dos estrategias de operación para la obtención de una corriente rica en fósforo que permita su posterior recuperación. Las estrategias estudiadas se diferenciaban en el nivel de extracción de poli-P de las PAOs. En la primera estrategia se extraía menos del 40 % de poli-P, mientras que en la segunda estrategia se llegaba a extraer más del 90 % de poli-P. La segunda estrategia mostró una eficacia de extracción superior, consiguiendo recuperar hasta el 81
[CAT] El fòsfor és de gran importància per a la vida a causa que exerceix un paper essencial en els processos biològics. El principal ús del fòsfor està en la indústria dels fertilitzants en forma de fosfats. Aquests fosfats provenen principalment de les roques fosfatades, les quals podrien arribar a esgotar-se entre els pròxims 50 i 100 anys. La sobreexplotació de la roca fosfatada, ha generat una disminució en la qualitat de les reserves, i ha elevat el cost de la seua extracció, processament i transport marítim. D'altra banda, el fòsfor provinent de les aigües residuals, de la dissolució de les roques fosfatades i dels sòls amb excessiva aportació de fertilitzants, es diposita en els cossos d'aigües superficials produint un greu problema de contaminació anomenat eutrofització. Un dels sistemes més utilizats per a reduir els nivells de fòsfor en l'aigua residual és el procés d'eliminació biològica de fòsfor (EBPR). Aquest procés implica capturar biològicament, alternant entre condicions anaeròbies aeròbies/anòxies, el fòsfor de l'aigua residual mitjançant organismes acumuladors de fòsfor (PAOs). No obstant açò, un dels principals problemes d'aquest procés, és la competència de les PAOs amb els organismes acumuladors de glucogen (GAOs) pels àcids grassos volàtils (AGV). Encara que si bé s'han realitzat molts estudis sobre els factors que afecten la competència entre PAOs i GAOs, existixen encara moltes preguntes sense resposta en relació al metabolisme de les PAOs quan aquestes careixen de reserves energètiques en forma de polifosfat intracel·lulars (poli-P) i al seu efecte sobre la dinàmica de les poblacions de PAOs i GAOs en un sistema de fangs activats. És per això que l'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi doctoral consisteix en: estudiar a curt i llarg termini el comportament metabòlic de les PAOs en canviar el contingut en poli-P; analitzar la dinàmica poblacional dels microorganismes implicats en el procés de EBPR; modelatge matemàticament d'aquest comportament metabòlic i finalment avaluar la possible recuperació de fòsfor mitjançant l'extracció del poli-P present en les PAOs. En l'estudi a curt i llarg termini es va observar un canvi metabòlic correlacionat amb el contingut en poli-P, de manera que a baixos continguts de poli-P les PAOs es comportaven metabolicament com les GAOs, però sense que aquestes últimes s'arribaren a desenvolupar de forma significativa. Malgrat observar el mateix comportament metabòlic en tots dos estudis, des del punt de vista microbiològic es van observar diferències. A curt termini, les PAO Tipus II van mostrar clarament el canvi metabòlic, mentre que a llarg termini van ser les PAO Tipus I. A partir dels experiments realitzats, es van desenvolupar les expressions necessàries (estequiomètriques i cinètiques) per a incloure els nous comportaments observats (canvi metabòlic) en els models metabòlics existents en l'actualitat. Expressions tipus Monod van ser desenvolupades e implementades en el model de les PAOs per a representar el canvi entre els paràmetres estequiomètrics típics del metabolisme PAO i GAO. El model va ser calibrat i validat mostrant la capacitat de representar correctament el canvi metabòlic de les PAOs a concentracions baixes de poli-P. En observar que les PAOs tenen l'habilitat de canviar el seu metabolisme a baixes concentracions de poli-P, sense que es deteriorara el procés pel desenvolupament de les GAOs, es varen avaluar dues estratègies d'operació per a l'obtenció d'un corrent ric en fòsfor que permeta la seua posterior recuperació. Les estratègies estudiades es diferenciaven en el nivell d'extracció de poli-P de les PAOs. En la primera estratègia es va extraure menys del 40 % de poli-P, mentre que en la segona estratègia s'arribava a extraure més del 90 % de poli-P. La segona estratègia va mostrar una eficàcia d'extracció superior, aconseguint recuperar fins al 81 % del fòsfor p
Acevedo Juárez, B. (2016). Estudio y modelación matemática del cambio metabólico de las bacterias responsables de la eliminación biológica de fósforo en el tratamiento de aguas residuales [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62585
TESIS

Le coût croissant de l’énergie a fait de l’économie d’énergie une nécessité vitale dans le monde actuel. Un des exemples consiste à “maintenir la chaîne du froid”, c’est-à-dire le transport correct des aliments périssables dans les véhicules réfrigérés, en particulier pour les produits laitiers, la viande et les aliments congelés. Tout en conservant une conservation appropriée des denrées alimentaires, l’ATP (Agreement on Transport of Perishable Foodstuffs) est l’un des accords concernant les essais d’isolation thermique qui déterminent l’adéquation du transport. Le test standard ATP est une procédure pour mesurer l’état isolant des équipements avec une approche globale. Néanmoins, certains défauts locaux dans la structure de l’équipement ne peuvent pas être visualisés dans cette procédure. Dans ce contexte, la technique de thermographie pourrait être particulièrement utile à ces problèmes. Deux exemples de cette application sont présentés dans cette thèse, l’un d’eux se concentre sur la cartographie du flux de chaleur sur la surface externe d’un rouleau-conteneur isolé par la technique de thermographie infrarouge. La seconde tente d’établir une vue panoramique du flux de chaleur sur la surface interne d’un véhicule isolé. Encouragé par les résultats favorables précédents, une exploration de l’approche à froid dans la thermographie infrarouge pour les Tests Non-Destructifs et l’Évaluation est introduite et réalisée dans ce qui suit. Une approche se concentre sur la détection des défauts isolés et des ponts thermiques dans les panneaux de caisses de camions isolés par chauffage à lampe et refroidissement par air, deux moyens d’excitation opposés. L’autre examine un refroidissement à l’azote liquide appliqué à un échantillon d’acier avec des trous à fond plat de différentes profondeurs et tailles. Différentes méthodes de traitement des données et de modélisation et de simulation sont effectuées dans des chapitres connexes.
The increasing cost of energy has made energy saving a vital necessity in the current world. One of the examples involves, “Maintaining the cold chain”, which is the correct transport of perishable foodstuffs in refrigerated vehicles, especially for dairy products, meat and frozen foods. In this respect a suitable thermal insulation implemented in refrigerated vehicles is essential for saving energy while maintaining an appropriate conservation of the foodstuffs. ATP (Agreement on Transport of Perishable Foodstuffs) is one of the agreements concerning thermal insulation tests ensuing the suitability of the transport. The ATP standard test is a procedure to measure the insulating status of equipment with a global approach. Nonetheless, some local defects in the structure of equipment cannot be visualized in this procedure. The thermography technique could be particularly helpful for these issues. Two examples of this application are presented in this thesis, one focuses on mapping the heat flux on the external surface of an insulated rollcontainer by infrared thermography technique. The second one attempts to establish a panoramic view of the heat flux on the internal surface of an insulated vehicle. Encouraged by previous favorable results, an exploration of the cold approach in infrared thermography for Non-Destructive Testing & Evaluation is introduced and performed herein. One approach focuses on the detection of insulated flaws and thermal bridges in insulated truck box panels by lamp heating and air cooling, two opposite means of excitation. The other approach investigates the application of liquid nitrogen cooling to a steel specimen with flat-bottom holes of different depths and sizes. Different data processing methods and modeling and simulation are also carried out.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal elaborar una propuesta de rediseño organizacional a la cadena de panaderías “Virgen del Carmen” ubicado en Lambayeque, para ello se consideró necesario el uso de técnicas de recolección de datos como entrevistas y encuestas aplicadas a todos los miembros que permitan obtener un mejor diagnóstico del panorama. La información obtenida permitió realizar un análisis del entorno interno y externo de la empresa, a su vez se identificó tanto aspectos positivos como negativos en la misma, conocer su grado de competitividad, se determinó la estructura organizacional y se implementó estrategias para el buen direccionamiento.
Tesis

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Due to the growing needs of organizational changes, caused mainly by the globalization and for the progress of the Information Technologies (IT), and the consequent appearance of an enormous amount of information that needs to be managed correctly by the organizations, a bibliographical study was developed, followed by the application and questionnaire analysis in the S?o Camilo - Esp?rito Santo Academical Center. The research has had as objective the institution administrative sections and it was answered by leaders and their subordinates of these sections, aiming at an analysis of the results where was possible to identify the need of adjustments in the information politics of the University, from the qualification of the responsible for managing the information until the improvement of the Information Systems. Finally, based on those needs, the study proposed suggestions, leaning for the Competitive Intelligence, of improvement of information administration of the researched institution.
Diante das necessidades crescentes de mudan?as organizacionais, causadas principalmente pela globaliza??o e pelo avan?o das Tecnologias de Informa??o (TI), e do conseq?ente surgimento de uma quantidade enorme de informa??es que precisam ser gerenciadas corretamente pelas organiza??es, foi desenvolvido um estudo bibliogr?fico, seguido da aplica??o e an?lise de question?rio no Centro Universit?rio S?o Camilo Esp?rito Santo. A pesquisa teve como alvo os setores administrativos da institui??o e foi respondida por l?deres e liderados destes setores, objetivando uma an?lise dos resultados onde foi poss?vel identificar a necessidade de ajustes na pol?tica informacional da Institui??o de Ensino Superior (IES), desde a qualifica??o dos respons?veis por gerir as informa??es at? a melhoria dos Sistemas de informa??o. Por fim, com base nessas necessidades, o estudo prop?s sugest?es, apoiadas pela Intelig?ncia Competitiva, de melhoria da gest?o da informa??o na IES pesquisada.

Depuis les années 1970, le littoral français est le lieu privilégié des Français pour l'implantation de leur résidence secondaire. Ainsi, plus de 90. 000 campeurs ont installé de manière temporaire des habitats de plein air : caravanes, mobile homes et habitations légères de loisirs sur des parcelles agricoles ou naturelles. Leur sédentarisation participe ainsi à l'extension de l'urbanisation. Les nuisances environnementales importantes qui en résultent car cette pratique populaire d'occupation du territoire s'est développée en dehors des réglementations en vigueur. L'étude permet de comprendre l'impact réel des lois d'aménagement du territoire et de protection de l'environnement sur les comportements des propriétaires privés dans des espaces soumis à une forte pression foncière. Il offre également la possibilité d'analyser le mode de gestion par les pouvoirs publics de la crise de l'intérêt général mise à jour par la tolérance à l'égard d'une pratique illégale
Since the 1970's, the French coastline has become the favourite location for those purchasing a second home. As a result, more than 90. 000 campers use plots of land, be it farmland or otherwise, to temporarily house their lodgings : caravans, mobile home and other light recreational vehicles. As these small lodgings have gradually become more permanent fixtures, the result has contributed to the increasing urbanisation of these areas. The fact that this popular practice of occupying land has developed outside of current regulation means that the environmental cost of the phenomenon has been high. The study allows a real understanding of the impact of land planning and environmental protection on the behaviour of private landowners in areas under particular strain. It also allows a chance to analyse the management style of the public authorities in the face of the continuing crisis in the levels of public interest, highlighted today by this tolerance of an illegal practice

O estudo objetiva verificar a existência de educação interdisciplinar sobre direitos humanos, em cursos básicos de conciliadores e de mediadores judiciais cíveis, de 24 países selecionados em 4 continentes, capazes de contribuir para a construção da cultura de paz transnacional, conforme compromissos internacionais assumidos perante a Unesco. A partir desse diagnóstico internacional, a dissertação almeja propor sugestões para aperfeiçoamento das diretrizes do Conselho Nacional de Justiça brasileiro para os cursos em questão, que representem avanços humanísticos e interdisciplinares. No percurso metodológico da pesquisa empírica exploratória de métodos mistos, adotando o design convergente, a análise de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin (2016) é utilizada em conjunto com o direito comparado funcional, na visão de Ralf Michaels (2008). A coleta de dados sobre a organização e o conteúdo das propostas de cursos e normativas correlatas abrange os 27 tribunais de justiça e as 27 seções judiciárias do Brasil, além das amostras de outros 23 países (África do Sul, Argentina, Austrália, Bolívia, Canadá, Chile, Colômbia, Costa Rica, Escócia, Estados Unidos, Espanha, França, Gales, Honduras, Inglaterra, Irlanda do Norte, Itália, Nigéria, México, Paraguai, Peru, Portugal e Uruguai). Em paralelo, para aprofundar a investigação da realidade prática, observam-se ex post facto os materiais didáticos e o desenvolvimento de 14 cursos, ministrados entre 2016 e 2017, pela Escola Superior da Magistratura Tocantinense e pelo Conselho da Justiça Federal, além do Manual de Mediação Judicial do Conselho Nacional de Justiça do Brasil. A fusão dos resultados da análise comparada do conteúdo confirma as hipóteses de não haver planejamento consciente para educação em direitos humanos nessas ações formativas, e de que possíveis abordagens são superficiais e insuficientes para produzirem capacitação efetivamente humanística, interdisciplinar e transformativa. Após diálogo teóricointerdisciplinar, a pesquisa aplicada sugere avanços à educação interdisciplinar em direitos humanos para os conteúdos e as diretrizes curriculares do Conselho Nacional de Justiça brasileiro, especialmente sobre dignidade da pessoa humana, ampla acepção de acesso à justiça, democracia representativa e participativa, cidadania, diversidade, justiça e emancipação social, interação social colaborativa, papel educacional do Poder Judiciário, éticas da alteridade, da responsabilidade com o outro, da paz e neo-humanista.
The study aims to verify the existence of interdisciplinary education on human rights, in basic courses of civil judicial conciliators and mediators, from 24 countries selected on 04 continents, capable of contributing to the construction of a transnational culture of peace, in compliance with the international commitments assumed before Unesco. From international diagnostic, the dissertation aims to propose suggestions for improvement of the guidelines of the Brazilian National Council of Justice for the courses in question, which represent humanistic and interdisciplinary advances. In the methodological course of the empirical exploratory research of mixed methods, adopting the convergent design, the content analysis of Laurence Bardin (2016) is used together with functional comparative law, in the view of Ralf Michaels (2008). The data collection about the organization and content of courses proposals and the related normative covers the 27 courts of justice and the 27 judicial sections in Brazil, as well as samples from 23 other countries (South Africa, Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Scotland, the United States, Spain, France, Wales, Honduras, England, Northern Ireland, Italy, Nigeria, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal and Uruguay). At the same time, to deepen the investigation of practical reality, the teaching materials and the development of 14 courses, realized between 2016 and 2017, by the Superior School of the Judiciary of Tocantins and by the Federal Justice Council, were examined ex post facto, as well as the Manual of Judicial Mediation of the Brazilian National Council of Justice. The merger of the results of the comparative content analysis confirms the hypotheses that there is not conscious planning for human rights education in these formative actions, and that possible approaches are superficial and insufficient to produce an effectively humanistic, interdisciplinary and transformative training. After a theoretical-interdisciplinary dialogue, the applied research suggests advances to the interdisciplinary education on human rights for the contents and the curricular directives of the Brazilian National Council of Justice, especially on dignity of the human person, broad acceptance of access to justice, representative and participatory democracy, citizenship, diversity, social justice and emancipation, collaborative social interaction, the educational role of the Judiciary, ethics of otherness, responsibility with the other, peace and neo-humanist.

La presente tesis doctoral analiza y reflexiona sobre los recursos comunicativos de Internet que el movimiento por la paz en Cataluña y Colombia utiliza. El análisis exploratorio permite conocer en profundidad como las entidades conciben y articulan sus espacios comunicativos. La comparación entre Colombia y Cataluña favorece la reflexión comunicativa tanto en un contexto en el que se convive con violencia armada como no. El objeto de estudio se ha abordado desde una metodología mixta. Las técnicas cuantitativas han permitido describir y analizar las publicaciones y la actividad en la red de las entidades. En este sentido la investigación aporta instrumentos innovadores para el análisis y el almacenamiento de datos procedentes de medios sociales y sitios web. Las cualitativas han permitido reflexionar sobre la actividad de estos actores en la red, conocer en profundidad cómo se toman las decisiones y se desarrollan las tareas de comunicación, destacar buenas prácticas y hacer propuestas. La investigación concluye que Internet es el principal canal comunicativo de las entidades en ambos contextos, y que cada espacio digital se usa de forma diferenciada, siendo la web el espacio prioritario. Entre las propuestas destaca aprovechar el potencial de los medios sociales para escuchar la sociedad, conocer mejor la ciudadanía y conectar con sus necesidades, demandas y aspiraciones, así como aprovechar estos espacios para llevar a la práctica la no violencia en la red.
This doctoral thesis analyzes, compares, and reflects on how the Peace Movements in Colombia and Catalonia use digital media. Thanks to exploratory analysis we are able to understand how the entities conceive and articulate their communication channels. The comparison between Colombia and Catalonia promotes communicative reflection in both a violent and a non-violent context. The object of study has been approached using mixed methodology. Thanks to quantitative techniques, we are able to describe and analyze the entities' network activity. In this sense, the research provides innovative tools for social media and the storage and analysis of website data. Thanks to qualitative techniques, we are able to reflect on this activity, to understand how the decision making process works, and how communication tasks develop. In addition, we have highlighted best practices and made suggestions for improvement. The research concludes that the Internet is the main communication channel of entities in both contexts, and the web page is the main support. However, each digital space is used in a differentiated way. Among our final proposals is the suggestion that social media be used to listen, to better understand, and to connect with citizens’ needs, demands and aspirations. Furthermore, the research suggests that these entities should take advantage of their digital media to put in practice the non-violence in the network.

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN CONTROL DE GESTIÓN
El estudio consiste en diseñar un sistema de control de gestión para la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad de Piura en Campus Lima. Nace de la necesidad de sus directivos, quienes, ante el rápido crecimiento logrado en trece años, ven conveniente asegurar la estrategia asumida desde sus inicios en Piura, a 1000 km. de distancia. Se utilizan modelos de control de gestión caracterizados por la definición de objetivos, métricas y metas y por la necesidad de iniciativas estratégicas concretas. Partiendo del análisis respectivo, se enuncia la propuesta de valor y el modelo de negocio; se planifican los objetivos estratégicos en las cuatro perspectivas de la organización y se proponen herramientas de gestión y control alineando dos unidades funcionales. La información se ha analizado mediante el método cualitativo. Los documentos fuente son el Estatuto, el Ideario Institucional y los Reglamentos Internos; las entrevistas personales con directivos y responsables. Las fuentes secundarias corresponden a la plataforma de la Universidad de Piura, así como a las correspondientes de instituciones públicas y de los sectores nacional e internacional. En conclusión, se corrobora la eficacia de hacer explícita una estrategia mediante métodos formales; la necesidad del alineamiento organizacional para la implementación de la misma; el control efectivo por medio de indicadores de desempeño no financieros; así como la relevancia de orientar el control hacia el crecimiento organizacional a largo plazo.
2018-10-30

Response essay Maletta, Hector (2009). El pan del futuro: cambio climático, agricultura y alimentación en America Latina. Debates en Sociología, 34, 117-176. This paper discusses the effects of climate change in agriculture and food in Latin America. In response to Maletta (2009), this essay analyze the real impacts climate change will have in the region. We suggest that global impacts in agriculture and food will be high in Latin America.
En este ensayo se debaten los efectos del cambio climático en la agricultura y alimentación en América Latina. En respuesta al análisis de Maletta (2009), en este ensayo sostenemos que el cambio climático tendrá un alto impacto en la agricultura y la alimentación en América Latina.

Se han sintetizado una nueva familia de moléculas, puramente orgánicas y con número par de electrones, que presentan propiedades paramagnéticas. El trabajo de esta tesis ha consistido en conocer el fundamento por el cual estas moléculas, aparentemente de capas cerradas, muestran la respuesta típica de un radical. Inicialmente, estas moléculas consisten en la unión covalente entre la nitroacridina y el benzotiazol a través de un nitrógeno puente. Estos sistemas del tipo dador-aceptores se estudiaron por sus propiedades ópticas no lineales. No obstante, se observó en ellas un comportamiento parecido al de un radical libre. Estas moléculas presentaban una respuesta intensa a la resonancia paramagnética electrónica (RPE) y magnetización en el intervalo de temperaturas de entre 4 y 300 K en estado sólido. Se sintetizaron una gran variedad de moléculas con el objetivo de definir la unidad mínima necesaria para que se presentara la característica estructural deseada, así como simplificar al máximo las moléculas para poder hacer un estudio teórico-computacional que permitiese conocer este nuevo fenómeno. Este estudio reveló como a partir de la torsión a 90° del doble enlace entre el nitrógeno puente y los diferentes heterociclos, N=C, se obtenía la molécula en el estado electrónico fundamental triplete. A partir de un cambio conformacional y una transición electrónica se llegaba a un mínimo en la superficie de energía potencial de la molécula en el estado dirradicalario. Esta transición se produce mayoritariamente de forma térmica, por tanto a partir de modos normales de vibración, contrariamente a lo que convencionalmente se cree para moléculas con número par de electrones. Para comprobar el modelo teórico establecido se prepararon más moléculas en las que se forzaba la no planaridad del sistema, de manera que la ruptura del doble enlace indicado estuviera favorecida e hiciera más accesible la transición al estado triplete. Se buscaron otras moléculas que pudieran presentar la unidad fundamental responsable del fenómeno aquí descrito. Se encontraron dos ejemplos: el cromóforo de la proteína verde fluorescente (GFP), ampliamente utilizado como marcador celular en procesos biológico, y otra molécula de gran interés farmacéutico, el Dasatinib, usada en el tratamiento de diferentes tipos de cáncer. Éstos mostraron el mismo tipo de señal en la RPE y en las curvas de magnetización. Por tanto, esta propiedad no es exclusiva de una familia de moléculas, sino que la unidad mínima responsable de este fenómeno paramagnético es común en un gran número de moléculas, también presentes en diferentes procesos biológicos. Por tanto, se abre una puerta a un de moléculas con importancia tanto en química de materiales como en procesos biológicos y farmacéuticos.
We have synthesized a new family of molecules, purely organic and with even number of electrons, which have paramagnetic properties. The aim of this work has been to know the basis by which these molecules, apparently closed shell, show the typical response of a radical, and the confirmation of these properties by other techniques. Initially, these molecules consisted of nitroacridine and benzothiazole covalent bonded through a nitrogen. These donor-acceptor systems were studied to measure their nonlinear optical properties as well as their tautomers. However, they were observed to have a typical free radical behavior. These molecules showed a strong response to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetization in the temperature range between 4 and 300 K in solid state. First, we synthesized a variety of molecules with the same structural pattern, or minimal central unit, which conserve the paramagnetic properties. These modifications were aimed at to vary both the size and the functional groups or heteroatoms to get a sufficiently small, symmetrical and simple molecula enough to make a theoretical and computational study providing information about this new phenomena. This study revealed as from the twist of the double bond between the nitrogen and the different heterocycles, N = C, the molecule can reach the triplet electronic ground state. A minimum in the potential energy surface is reached thermally without the need of a photochemical excitation. Another variety of molecules were synthetized where the paramagnetic properties were increased, according to the theoretical model established, by steric constraints in order to minimize the energy difference between the electronic states.They also were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques, determination of the crystal structure and reactivity with known free radicals. A total of 53 new molecules were synthesized, including various biological molecules with the same structural pattern, which maintained the same paramagnetic properties.

La integración de Cataluña en la monarquía francesa en 1641 abrió un período de convivencia entre dos mundos políticos. Para Francia, la incorporación de la nueva provincia tiene lugar en una sociedad enamorada del heroísmo. El reinado de Luis XIII parece ser la culminación de un proceso de reformulación del paradigma heroico: un modelo político y un referente ético nobiliario. La Guerra de España llevó la cultura heroica a su clímax. En particular, la proclamación del rey como soberano de Cataluña abre nuevos horizontes a este mundo imaginario, que moviliza también a los antiguos referentes mesiánicos. La historia de la compañía catalana producida por el séquito real ofrece una nueva perspectiva sobre la construcción de la imagen de Luis XIII. El horizonte catalán "completa" la construcción de su perfil heroico, y sirve de apoteosis, valorando el hecho de una muerte "sacrificial" como consecuencia de la presencia real en la sede de Perpiñán. Los virreyes se convertirán también en el centro de una narrativa heroica, protagonistas de una verdadera "epopeya catalana". Las luces y sombras de esta heroica experiencia política aparecen en el destino a veces trágico de estos representantes del rey, que deben hacer frente, además de a los retos militares y políticos de su cargo, a los equilibrios de poder en la corte. Por el lado catalán, la llegada de Luis XIII forma parte de la dinámica "revolucionaria" que se inició en 1640, cuando los líderes de la revuelta, que querían ser fieles al rey Felipe IV, formularon una historia capaz de domar acontecimientos que a veces se les escapaban. El horizonte de una providencial "restauración" de Cataluña está cerca. El "momento" republicano parece imposible de encontrar aquí, entre la interrupción formal de la jurisdicción de un rey y la aclamación del otro. A partir de entonces, un discurso providencial de restauración de la provincia se desarrolló a través de la realeza encarnada por un nuevo príncipe "mesías". La imagen del rey se convierte en un ideal sobre el que se proyectan expectativas políticas y por el que los propios líderes de la "revuelta" buscan justificarse. El rey se perdió la visita a Barcelona, justo antes de su muerte. El funeral real servirá para cristalizar esta historia y ofrecerá, a través de la imagen del rey "sacrificado" y "canonizado", un emblema del régimen francés en Cataluña.
L’intégration de la Catalogne dans la monarchie française, en 1641, ouvre une période de coexistence de deux univers politiques. Pour la France l’incorporation de la nouvelle province intervient dans une société éprise d’héroïsme. Le règne de Louis XIII apparaît comme la culmination d’un processus de reformulation du paradigme héroïque: modèle politique et référent étique nobiliaire. La guerre espagnole porte la culture héroïque à son paroxysme. Singulièrement la proclamation du roi comme souverain de Catalogne ouvre des nouveaux horizons à cet imaginaire mobilisant aussi des référents messianiques anciens. Le récit de l’entreprise catalane produit par l’entourage royal offre un nouveau regard sur la construction de l’image de Louis XIII. L’horizon catalan «achève» la construction de son profil héroïque, et lui sert d’apothéose, valorisant le fait d’une mort «sacrificielle» conséquence de la présence royale au siège de Perpignan. Les vice-rois deviendront aussi le centre d’un récit héroïque, protagonistes d’une vraie «épopée catalane». Les lumières et les ombres de cette expérience héroïque du politique apparaissent dans le destin, parfois tragique, de ces représentants du roi, qui doivent faire face, outre aux défis militaires et politiques relevant de sa charge, aux equilibres de pouvoir à la cour. Du côté catalan l’avénement de Louis XIII s’inscrit dans la dynamique «révolutionnaire» entamée en 1640. Le meneurs de la révolte, qui se veulent fidèles au roi, Philippe IV, formuleront un récit capable d’apprivoiser des événements parfois leur échappant. L’horizon d’une «restauration» providentielle de Catalogne intervient. Le «moment» républicain semble ici introuvable, entre l’interruption formelle de la juridiction d’un roi et l’acclamation de l’autre. Des lors se développe un discours providentiel de restauration de la province à travers la royauté incarnée par un nouveau prince «messie». L’image du roi devient un idéal sur lequel l’on projette les attentes politiques et par lequel les propres dirigeants de la «révolte» cherchent à se justifier. La visite manquée du roi à Barcelone, précédée de peu à sa mort. Les funérailles royales serviront à la cristallisation de ce récit, et offriront par l’image du roi «sacrifié» et «canonisé», un emblème pour le régime français en Catalogne.
The integration of Catalonia into the French Monarchy, in 1641, opens a period of coexistence of two political universes. In France, The incorporation of the new province arrives in a social context under the influence of an strong culture of heroism. Under Louis XIII’s reign culmines a processus of reformulation of the heroic paradigm: a political model of gouvernement and an ethical referent for the French nobility. The heroic culture is taken to its paroxysm when the Spanish war begins. Specially the proclamation of the king as sovereign of Catalonia opens new horizons for this imaginary, mobilizing also old messianic referents. The narrative of the catalan entreprise developed by the royal entourage offers a new perspective of the Louis XIII’s image making processus. The catalan completes the built of the king’s heroical profile, and serves to make his apotheosis, emphasizing the fact of a sacrificial death as a consequence of the royal presence in the Perpignan’s siege. Vice-rois become the center of an heroical narrative also. They are protagonists of a true «catalan epic». The lights and darkness of this heroical experience of Politics, appear throw the destiny, sometimes tragic, of these king’s agents (and images). They have to face, besides the military and political challenges, to the power’s struggles at court. By the catalan side, the accession of king Louis XIII has to be considered in the «revolutionary» context of 1640. The leaders of the revolt, who revendique to be loyal to their king, Philip IV, build a narrative able to tame serious adverse events, that sometimes escape to their control. The horizon of a providential «restauration» of Catalonia appears in this narrative. Republican time seems here «introuvable», between the broken of one king’s jurisdiction and the other king proclamation. Since then a providential propaganda speech about the restauration of the Principality throw a royalty incarnated by a new prince «messiah». The new king’s figure becomes one idealized image where Catalans look to project their political expectatives. Also a way for the catalan leaders to justify himself. The failed royal visit to Barcelone precedes for little the king’s death. The royal funerals serves to the crystallization of these narratives: they offer the image of an «sacrificed» king, who is also a saint. He becomes the real emblem of the franco-catalan regime.

Frente a lo que algunos estudios y figuras públicas sostienen, lo cierto es que, tras el fin de la Guerra Fría, el número de conflictos armados ha ido en descenso: las guerras de cualquier tipo han disminuido en cerca de un 80% entre 1988 y 2010. En este apartado se presenta información sobre la reducción en la incidencia de guerras entre Estados, guerras civiles, así como en el número de víctimas por combate. Luego se esbozan y discuten algunas razones para explicar esta tendencia, provenientes en lo esencial (aunque no exclusivamente), de la literatura académica en Relaciones Internacionales.

Ce travail propose une étude sur l’analyse et le dimensionnement d’un sous-système de stockage d'énergie électrique, par l'association des batteries au plomb et supercondensateurs, avec application à un véhicule urbain de type benne à ordure ménagère (véhicules électriques - poids lourds). Ces travaux rentrent donc dans la problématique très actuelle de réduction de consommation et de pollution des véhicules terrestres. La modélisation de la benne à ordures ménagères a pris en compte le profil de mission journalière (dérivé d'ARTEMIS 400), une loi de gestion d’énergie embarquée ainsi que le dimensionnement du stockage mixte. Ces trois éléments interagissent, sont indissociables et sont indispensables à une étude du système. Pour la mission journalière donnée nous avons constaté une diminution de la quantité d'énergie consommée d'environ 20%, grâce à une meilleure récupération de l'énergie du freinage. La loi de partage de l'énergie entre les supercondensateurs et la batterie apporte un autre avantage, l'écrêtage du courant dans la batterie - avec des conséquences bénéfiques sur les pertes et la durée de vie de la batterie. Le cyclage de la batterie au plomb mis au point au laboratoire confirme cette dernière affirmation. Le deuxième axe important a été la modélisation fine d’une batterie au plomb pour la simulation. Cette modélisation est basée sur un modèle de Randles et des méthodes connues d’identification des paramètres, telles que la spectroscopie d’impédance et la chronoampérométrie. Le modèle tient compte de l’état de charge de la batterie et de la valeur du courant circulant dans la batterie. Le modèle de la batterie ainsi obtenu tient compte des principales non-linéarités physico-chimiques. La recharge n’a pas été occultée car elle est très importante dans la capacité du véhicule à stocker et à réutiliser l’énergie issue du freinage récupératif. Les résultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette thèse sont encourageants et ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives
This thesis presents a hybrid energy storage made of lead-acid batteries and supercapacitors for an urban waste collection electrical vehicle. The simulation of the waste collection vehicle takes into account a real-world driving cycle (daily cycle based on Artemis 400), a specific energy management and the sizing of the hybrid storage. Simulations show a 20% reduction of the consumed daily energy thanks to the brake recovered energy. The battery current clipping allows the reduction of battery losses with consequences on the battery lifetime. The battery cycling test bench developed in the laboratory confirmed the increase of the battery lifespan. An important part of the document was dedicated of the lead-acid battery model. This model is based on Randles equivalent circuit and takes into account the non linear relationship of the model parameters and the battery state of charge and the current. The charge acceptance was also modeled. The parameters identification is based on chronoamperometry and electrical impedance spectroscopy

Les vibrations induites par le trafic routier, en particulier les bus et les véhicules lourds, constituent une préoccupation majeure en zone urbaine. L’étude des vibrations routières est complexe, car elle exige de prendre en compte plusieurs aspects tels que : la modélisation du véhicule, l’interaction entre le véhicule et la chaussée et la propagation des ondes en champs libres ou dans une structure avoisinantes. Le présent travail a pour but d’étudier les vibrations induites par la circulation en vue d’estimer leurs impacts sur l’environnement. L’étude est effectuée par une modélisation numérique tridimensionnelle en différences finies. Le modèle proposé prend en compte les caractéristiques mécaniques du véhicule, l’interaction entre le véhicule et les différents types de chaussées et la vitesse du véhicule. Ce modèle est validé sur des mesures in situ. En plus, on présente des mesures effectuées en coopération avec CETE-NORD PICARDIE sur une méthode d’isolation. L’efficacité de plusieurs dispositifs d’isolation généralement étudiés dans la littérature est analysée. Ces dispositifs comportent : les tranchées, les blocs en surface et les blocs enterrés (WIBs)
Traffic induced Vibrations, especially by buses and heavy vehicles are a major concern in urban areas. The study of traffic vibrations is complex because it requires taking into account several aspects such as: vehicle modeling, the interaction between the vehicle and the road pavement and the wave propagation in free field or in a neighboring structure. The present work aims to study the vibrations induced by traffic in order to estimate their impact on the environment. The study was conducted by a three-dimensional numerical modeling in finite differences. The proposed model takes into account the mechanical characteristics of the vehicle, the interaction between the vehicle and the various types of road pavement and the vehicle speed. This model is validated by in situ measurements. In addition, we present measurements realized in cooperation with CETE North Picardy on an isolation method. The effectiveness of various isolation devices usually studied in the literature is analyzed. These devices include the trench barriers, the heavy surface blocks and the wave impeding blocks (WIBs)

Ce travail comporte une étude par la méthode des éléments finis du comportement mécanique des chaussées dans le but de mieux comprendre les mécanismes d'initiation et de développement de l' orniérage dans les chaussées souples et de déterminer une stratégie pour leur réparation Il est présenté en quatre chapitres : Le premier chapitre comporte une analyse des travaux réalisés sur l' orniérage, et plus particulièrement sur les causes, les mécanismes de formation, les facteurs d'influence et les approches de modélisation. Le second chapitre présente le modèle numérique utilisé dans ce travail pour l'analyse du comportement mécanique des chaussées. Dans ce modèle, le comportement des couches inférieures est décrit à l'aide d'un modèle élastoplastique utilisant le critère de Mohr-Coloumb Un modèle élasto-viscoplastique est utilisé pour les couches de surface. L'effet de la température est pris en compte à l'aide du principe de superposition temps-température. La détermination des paramètres du modèle est discutée, notamment les paramètres rhéologiques et du chargement Le troisième chapitre présente la validation du modèle proposé sur des essais en vraie grandeur réalisés au laboratoire, qui comportent à la fois des essais instantanés et à long terme. Dans le quatrième chapitre, on présente une étude paramétrique sur l'influence des principaux facteurs (type de pneus, densité de charge. . ) sur le développement de l' orniérage Cette étude est suivie par une analyse de l'influence de la température et du type de trafic sur l' orniérage. Le chapitre comporte également une étude des stratégies de maintenance et de réparation des chaussées.

Ce travail de thèse est essentiellement consacré à l'investigation des populations de zircons et de l'âge des protolithes des formations varisques grâce à une datation U-Pb in situ systématique par le couplage Laser/MC-ICPMS, dans des formations orthodérivées, métasédimentaires et magmatiques tardi-orogéniques du Massif Central français et du domaine Sud armoricain. Cette étude a montré que les populations de zircons sont largement héritées, s'étalant de l'Archéen au Paléozoïque inférieur. L'ensemble des pics d'âges obtenus, ainsi que l'absence d'âge mésoprotérozoïque (1.7-1.1 Ga) accréditent l'affinité gondwanienne de ces formations. Des âges maximum de dépôt sont proposés pour les métasédiments des principales unités définies dans le Massif Central. Ces âges maximum de dépôt sont décroissants suivant l'empilement lithotectonique reconnu. En marge de ce travail, nous avons pu déterminer que les âges de mise en place des granitoïdes du Sillon Houiller (Massif Central) et du golfe du Morbihan se situent aux alentours de 300 Ma. Des âges plus anciens, principalement obtenus sur monazite lors d'études antérieures, ont été réinterprétés comme des âges hérités. L'abondance de zircons hérités d'âge ordovicien et néoprotérozoïque met en évidence la large contribution des métagranites et métasédiments fertiles de ces périodes dans la source des granites tardi-orogéniques varisques. Le granite de Sarzeau expose de plus les traces d'un protolithe silurien. Le recyclage de la croûte continentale est caractérisé par une évolution polycyclique au cours de l'orogénèse varisque, avec tout d'abord l'érosion de formations du craton africain, majoritairement d'âge néoprotérozoïque, puis la superposition des événements magmatiques cambro-ordoviciens et syn-orogéniques varisques.

Ces travaux de thèse visent à concevoir et étudier une unité d'échangeur de chaleur air-MCP en tant que solution passive a la problématique du contrôle de confort thermique dans les bâtiments pendant l'été, fournissant des directives de conception et une intégration facile aux bâtiments. Les MCP présentent une grande capacité de stockage par unité de volume, ce qui leur permet de contribuer à la réduction de la consommation d'énergie liée aux applications de rafraîchissement. Bien qu'ils présentent certains inconvénients, en tant que faible conductivité thermique, notamment dans les PCM commerciaux, une conception bien détaillée est nécessaire pour atteindre des performances thermiques adéquates.La première partie de cette thèse examine les systèmes existants à travers une étude bibliographique, mettant en évidence la relation géométrique avec la physique et la performance thermique. Cette recherche a fourni les bases pour le développement d'une conception d'une unité air-MCP, suivant une méthodologie de résolution de problèmes développée par le laboratoire I2M. Une matrice de mots-clés a été obtenue à partir des phénomènes physiques et de l'analyse fonctionnelle de l'unité. A partir de cette matrice, l'analyse des brevets a inspiré la conception qui a abouti à un échangeur de chaleur air-PCM à faisceau tubulaire avec des tubes verticaux alignés perpendiculairement au flux d'air.Le développement d'outils de conception et d'intégration dans les bâtiments a été recherché au moyen d'une modélisation permettant de prédire avec précision les performances thermiques du système. Les modèles simplifiés sont préférés pour cette tâche. Néanmoins, ils peuvent sous-estimer les performances réelles si les phénomènes physiques impliqués ne sont pas correctement comptabilisés. Alors,des approches expérimentales locales et globales ont été utilisées pour parvenir à une compréhension de la physique associée aux cycles de charge et de décharge dans l'unité air-MCP. Pour cela, un banc d'essai a été installé, mesurant la température et le débit d'air dans différentes conditions d'entrée, accompagné d'un suivi visuel à travers des images numériques. Les traitements d'images et des données ont été utilisés pour obtenir des indicateurs de performance thermique et des corrélations équivalentes en utilisant des nombres adimensionnels connus pour les mécanismes de transfert de chaleur convectifs-conducteurs dans le PCM.Ces découvertes ont permis de développer des modèles de résistance thermique et d'enthalpie qui rendent compte de la complexité des phénomènes impliqués dans l'unité pour la prédiction de la performance. Enfin, la performance thermique du système a été testée dans deux applications de bâtiments : en tant qu'unité mobile dans une maison PEH à Gradignan dans un bureau du labo I2M
The present work aims to design and study an air-PCM heat exchanger unit as a passive solution for thermal comfort assessment in buildings during summertime, providing tools to ease the design and building integration. The PCM present a large storage capacity per volume unit where by, they can contribute to the reduction of the energy consumption related to cooling applications. Although, theyshow some drawbacks, as a low thermal conductivity in commercial PCM, so a wellthought design of these kind of systems is necessary to achieve adequate thermal performances.The first part of this thesis surveys the existing systems through a literature review,highlighting the geometry relation with the physics and thermal performance. This search provided the bases for the development of an air-PCM unit design, following a problem-solving methodology developed by the I2M laboratory. A keyword matrix was obtained from the physical phenomena and functional analysis of the unit. From this matrix, the patents analysis provided inspiration for the design resulting in a tubebundle air-PCM heat exchanger with vertical tubes aligned perpendicular to the airflow.The development of design and integration in buildings tools was sought through a modeling that can accurately predict the thermal performance of the system.Simplified models are preferred for this task. Nevertheless, they can under predict the actual performance if the physical phenomena involved is not properly accounted. Then, local and global experimental approaches were used to achieve anunderstanding of the physics associated with charging and discharging cycles in theunit. For this, a test bench was installed, measuring temperature and airflow underdifferent in let conditions, accompanied by a visual tracking through digital images.Image and data processing were used to obtain thermal performance indicators and equivalent correlations using known dimensionless numbers for convective conductive heat transfer mechanisms in the PCM.These findings allowed the development of thermal models based on energy balances, that accounted the complexity of phenomena involved in the unit for performance prediction. Finally, the thermal performance of the system was tested intwo buildings applications: as a mobile unit in a PEH house in Gradignan and as anactive façade in a building in Talence
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar y estudiar una unidad intercambiador de calor aire-PCM como presentan una solución pasiva al conforttérmico en edificios durante el verano, proporcionando herramientas para facilitar el diseño y la integración en edificios. Los PCM una gran capacidad de almacenamiento por unidad de volumen, por lo que pueden contribuir a la reducción del consumo de energía relacionado con las aplicaciones de refrigeración. Estos materiales presentan algunos inconvenientes en cual su uso, como una baja conductividad térmica, típica en PCM comerciales, por lo es necesario un diseño que tome en cuenta esta problemática para lograr rendimientos térmicos adecuados. La primera parte de esta tesis examina los sistemas existentes a través de unarevisión de la literatura, destacando la relación de geometría con los fenómenos físicos y el rendimiento térmico. Esta búsqueda proporcionó las bases para el desarrollo de un diseño de unidad aire-PCM, siguiendo una metodología de resolución de problemas desarrollada por el laboratorio I2M. Se obtuvo una matrizde palabras clave a partir de los fenómenos físicos y el análisis funcional de launidad. A partir de esta matriz, el análisis de patentes proporcionó inspiración para el diseño que dio como resultado un intercambiador de calor PCM de aire y haz detubos verticales alineados perpendicularmente al flujo de aire.El desarrollo del diseño y la integración en herramientas de edificios se buscó através de un modelo que pudiese predecir con precisión el rendimiento térmico delsistema. Los modelos simplificados son los preferidos para esta tarea. Sin embargo,su poder de predicción puede verse afectada si los fenómenos físicos involucradosno se contabilizan adecuadamente. Es por ello que se utilizaron enfoques experimentales locales y globales para lograr una comprensión de la física asociadacon los ciclos de carga y descarga en la unidad. Se realizó una instalación de unbanco de pruebas, que permitió mediciones de temperatura y flujo de aire en diferentes condiciones de entrada, acompañado de un seguimiento visual a travésde imágenes digitales. El procesamiento de imágenes y datos se utilizó para obtener indicadores de rendimiento térmico y correlaciones a partir de números adimensionales relacionados con mecanismos de transferencia de calor porconvección y conducción en el PCM.Estos hallazgos permitieron el desarrollo de modelos térmicos para la predicción delrendimiento, basados en balances de energía de cada volumen de control.Finalmente, el rendimiento térmico del sistema se probó en dos aplicaciones deedificios: como una unidad móvil en una casa PEH en Gradignan y dentro de una oficina del laboratorio I2M

La publicidad oficial, al ser comunicación de carácter público, debería, más que ningún otro tipo de comunicación publicitaria, ser evaluada en cuanto a la trascendencia social de sus mensajes. En este sentido, se propone que uno de los temas que debería ser abordado a través de ella es la promoción de las culturas de paz. Esta investigación doctoral evalúa, desde la perspectiva de la comunicación para la paz, las campañas publicitarias emitidas en el marco del conflicto por el narcotráfico por el Gobierno Federal Mexicano, durante 2006 y 2012, para determinar si apoyaron a la transformación del conflicto, promoviendo culturas de paz, o si por el contrario, legitimaron la cultura de violencia.
As an example of public communication, publicity issued by governments should, more than any other type of advertising, be assessed in terms of social significance of their messages. In this regard, it is proposed that one of the issues that should be addresed through it, is the promotion of cultures of peace. This doctoral research evaluates, from the perspective of communication for peace, the publicity campaigns issued in the frame of drug trafficking conflict by the Mexican Federal Government between 2006 and 2012 to determine if they supported the transformation of the conflict by promoting cultures of peace or if they were an example of legitimation of culture of violence

L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer de nouvelles solutions matériaux moins sensibles à la fissuration par fatigue thermique induite en frottement, première cause de remplacement des disques de frein de véhicule « poids lourd ». Les performances en freinage doivent être équivalentes à celles obtenues avec le couple de matériaux actuels : disque de frein en fonte à graphite lamellaire- garniture en matériau de friction composite à matrice semi-métallique. L’étude repose sur une approche multidisciplinaire des phénomènes et des couplages induits en freinage. Elle comporte quatre parties : la première partie expose les principaux enjeux industriels et scientifiques du freinage des véhicules « poids lourds » ; la seconde développe une approche modèle-expérience originale pour caractériser les sollicitations de freinage conduisant à la dégradation de disques de frein échelle 1 en fonte à graphite lamellaire ; enfin les nouvelles solutions matériaux considérées sont évaluées suivant une étude tribologique (troisième partie) et en cyclage thermique (quatrième partie), développée en laboratoire
This PhD thesis was carried out with the aim of developing new materials for truck brake discs, so as to increase disc lifespans. Premature failure is the major problem encountered in the operation. Braking performances of new materials should be equivalent to those obtained with the current material couple: lamellar grey cast iron brake disc and commercial semi-metallic brake lining material. To do this, the study is divided in four parts: Firstly, major industrial and scientific aspects in braking are identified in literature and with investigations on truck brake discs used on road. Next, a coupled numerical-experimental approach enable us to characterize thermomechanical loadings induced by braking and leading to damage mechanisms of the lamellar grey cast iron disc. Finally, two aspects of new materials solutions are investigated in laboratory: tribological behaviour and thermal cycling behaviour

Les pneumatiques poids lourds sont renforcés par des câbles d'acier pour reprendre lestensions générées par la pression de gonflage et le poids du véhicule. Le câble est un assemblage de fils perlitiques tréfilés enroulés en hélice sur plusieurs couches. Le comportement mécanique d'un câble est fonction de son architecture ainsi que des possibilités matériaux-procédés existantes à l'échelle du fil. En service, le câble est soumis à une combinaison complexe de sollicitations cycliques de type mécanique et chimique conduisant à un endommagement en fatigue. Pour réduire l'impact environnemental, ces câbles sont visés par une stratégie d'allégement, viable uniquement à performances similaires ou supérieures. Une condition préalable à l'introduction de nouveaux matériaux dans un pneu est donc le développement de modèles fiables prédisant la durée de vie en fatigue des câbles, ce qui implique la compréhension des mécanismes de fatigue.Par simplification, l'étude s'est portée à l'échelle du fil unitaire (diamètre 180 µm). Différents types de fils ont été produits par l'industriel faisant varier des paramètres influents en fatigue. Un essai de fatigue en traction ondulée sous environnement contrôlé représentatif de la sollicitation en service a été mis au point. Les paramètres matériaux-procédé-environnement impliqués dans l'amorçage et la propagation des fissures sont identifiés par la construction de courbes de Wöhler. Des essais de suivi de propagation in-situ de fissures au sein du fil ont été réalisés en environnement contrôlé sous rayonnement synchrotron pour des rapports de charge positifs. Les lois de Paris et les paramètres impactant celles-ci ont été obtenus.L'ensemble des expériences a permis de dégager les mécanismes physiques impliqués et d'identifier les paramètres correspondants. Un modèle prédictif a été développé à l'échelle du fil. Basé sur la propagation d'une distribution de défauts de surface, il estime une durée de vie du fil pour une sollicitation mécanique et chimique donnée
Heavy duty tyres are reinforced with steel cords to take up the stresses generated by the inflation pressure and the weight of the vehicle. The cable is an assembly of drawn wires helically wound in several layers. The mechanical behaviour of a cable is a function of its architecture as well as the material-processing possibilities available at the wire scale. In service, the cable is subjected to a complex combination of cyclic mechanical and chemical stresses leading to fatigue damage. To reduce the environmental impact, these cables are targeted by a lightweighting strategy, viable only at similar or better performance. A prerequisite for the introduction of new materials in a tyre is therefore the development of reliable models predicting the fatigue life of the cords, which implies an understanding of the fatigue mechanisms. For simplicity, the study was carried out at the unit wire scale (180 µm diameter).Different types of wires were produced by the manufacturer, varying the parameters that have an influence on fatigue. A tensile-tensile fatigue test under a controlled environment representative of the stress in service was developed. The material-process-environment parameters involved in crack initiation and propagation are identified by constructing Wöhler curves. In-situ crack propagation monitoring tests within the wire were performed in a controlled environment under synchrotron radiation for positive load ratios. The Paris laws and the parameters impacting them were obtained.All the experiments made it possible to identify the physical mechanisms involved and the corresponding parameters. A predictive model was developed at the wire scale. Based on the propagation of a distribution of surface defects, it estimates the life of the wire for a given mechanical and chemical stress

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A captação de água de chuva para o consumo humano por meio de telhados é uma prática crescente, sobretudo em regiões desprovidas de sistemas de abastecimento coletivo, como grande parte do Semi-Árido Brasileiro. Os sistemas de captação de água instalados nessa região se baseiam na construção de cisternas para acumular água captada por meio de telhados. A fim de contribuir para a melhoria do desempenho desses sistemas, este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os problemas que impedem o bom funcionamento desse importante meio de abastecimento de água e propor soluções projetuais, adotando tecnologia apropriada à população rural do Semi-Árido Brasileiro. Tomou-se como ponto de partida uma pesquisa de campo, realizada na comunidade rural de Paus Brancos, Município de Campina Grande-PB, entre os anos de 2002 e 2003. Os resultados mostraram que 80% das residências pesquisadas dispõem de sistema de captação de água mas que apenas 16% armazenam água suficiente para abastecimento durante todo o ano. Constatou-se que este baixo índice decorre, principalmente, das precárias condições de instalação e manutenção dos subsistemas de condução de água (calhas e dutos). A partir dessa constatação e considerando aspectos funcionais e estético-formais, foram desenvolvidas cinco alternativas de arranjos de sistemas de captação de água de chuva, compostos por telhados, calhas e dutos. Com vistas à simplificação e consequente redução de custos, foram eliminados os suportes das calhas, conferindo ganho de desempenho em relação aos sistemas convencionais. Para testar o desempenho das propostas, foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Construções Rurais e Ambiência/UFCG um protótipo funcional, em escala reduzida, cuja avaliação revelou que este apresentou excelente desempenho, com eficiência variando de 86% a 92%.
he rooftop rainwater catchment system for the human consumption is an increasing practice, especially in áreas without collective water supply, as in a larger part of the brazilian Semi-arid. The rainwater catchment systems installed in this area are based on construction of cisterns to accumulate water catched by means of roofs. In order to contribute for the improvement of the performance of those systems, this work had the objective of studying the problems that obstacle the good operation of that important way of water supply and to propose projectual solutions, adopting appropriate technology to the rural population of the brazilian Semi-arid. A field research was starting point, accomplished in the rural community of Paus Brancos, in the municipality of Campina Grande -PB, during the period from 2002 to 2003. The results showed that 80% of the researched residences have system of catchment water but only 16% store enough water for provisioning during the whole year. It was verified that this lower index is due, mainly, to the precarious installation conditions and maintenance of the subsystems of water transport (gutters and tubes). Considering this data and functional and aestheticformal aspects, five arrangement alternatives of rainwater catchment systems were developed, composed by roofs, gutters and tubes. Looking for simplification and consequent reduction of costs, the gutters supports of were eliminated, resulting earnings in the performance to comparing conventional systems. To test the performance of the proposed alternative was developed in the Laboratory of Ambience and Rural Construction - LACRA/UFCG a reduced scale functional prototype, whose evaluation revealed an excellent performance, with efficiency ranging from 86% to 92%.

The research question that guides this project is: How to generate changes in an intensive care unit (ICU) to enhance the care provided to the relatives of the critical care patient? This research is guided by Paulo Freire’s critical theory. Participatory-action research (PAR) was the methodology developed in a ICU from Mallorca, Spain. The findings reveal that due to the study there have been changes generated that enhance the quality of care offered to relatives of ICU patients, yet some limiting factors to change have also subsisted. There are several implications for this study. First, it proposes a model for changing clinical practice that can be adapted to other ICUs or other health care settings. Second, it reveals that bed-side nurses have the capacity to introduce changes in their work environment and enhance the quality of care they provide. Third, PAR has proven to be an effective methodology to manage change processes, even in adverse conditions. Finally, it points out to participation as a central element for people to get involved in change processes and to change themselves
La pregunta de investigación es ¿cómo generar cambios en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) para mejorar la atención a los familiares del paciente crítico? El proceso está guiado por la teoría crítica de Paulo Freire. La metodología ha sido la investigación-acción participativa. Al acabar la investigación se han generado cambios que mejoran la atención a los familiares del paciente crítico en una UCI, a la vez que perviven aspectos que limitan este cambio. Se propone un modelo para el cambio de práctica clínica, se pone de manifiesto que las enfermeras a pie de cama tienen capacidad para introducir el cambio en sus contextos y mejorar la atención de salud que proporcionan, se propone la metodología de la IAP como una manera efectiva de gestionar el cambio e indica que la participación es uno de los elementos clave para que las personas promuevan el cambio y lo experimenten en sí mismas

Founding member of a banking network related to the actual BNP Paribas Group, Meyer Joseph Cahen (1804-1881), adopted the “d’Anvers” when he settled in Paris in 1849. Born in Bonn, of an Ashkenazi family, he made his fortune in the Belgian city to which he associated his name, and he continued his career in France. Owner of Nainville’s castle (Essonne) and of the Petit Hôtel de Villars (Paris), he became a naturalized French citizen in 1865. The next year, he obtained the title of Count, bestowed upon him by the King of Italy Victor-Emmanuel II, thanks to the economic support he offered to the Italian Unification. Nineteen years later, King Humbert I surpassed his predecessor and raised Meyer Joseph’s eldest son, Édouard (1832-1894), to the status of Marquis of Torre Alfina. If his siblings – Emma (1833-1901), Louis (1837-1922), Raphaël (1841-1900) and Albert (1846-1903) – enrooted their pathways in the French capital, the eldest lived between Florence, Naples and Rome: he was one of the great investors involved in the urban renovation of the Italian capital, after the fall of the papacy. In France, as well as in Italy, art, and especially architecture, served to legitimize the recent nobility of a family that wished to express the fullness of its civil rights. As targets of the anti-Semitic press, the Cahen d’Anvers family experienced the consequences of the Dreyfus Affair and the horrors of the racial laws. Before the latter, they adopted what could be defined as a “top-down model of integration”. This thesis focuses on its mechanisms and development. After tracing the patriarch’s origins, it analyses the family’s matrimonial policies and it continues with an exploration of Cahen d’Anvers’ “choices” in the vast field of culture. In their salons, the readers will meet Guy de Maupassant, Paul Bourget, Marcel Proust and Gabriele D’Annunzio, as well as Auguste Renoir and Léon Bonnat. Twelve mansions offered a perfect stage for these intellectual gatherings. As a public manifestation of the family’s economic and social power, the historicist eclecticism of these properties aimed to represent the owners as a new phalanx of the old nobility. While Forge-Philippe’s manor (Wallonia), Gérardmer’s chalet (Vosges) and Villa della Selva (Umbria) expressed a certain openness to the twentieth century novelties, the three residences rented by the family (Hôtel du Plessis-Bellière, Paris; Palazzo Núñez-Torlonia, Rome; Château de la Jonchère, Yvelines) and the two properties of Meyer Joseph, as well as Rue de Bassano’s mansion (Paris) or the castles of Champs (Seine-et-Marne), Bergeries (Essonne) and Torre Alfina (Latium) dressed up their nineteenth century spaces with Ancien Régime motifs. Thanks to their historical knowledge and taste, the architects Destailleur, Giuseppe Partini and Eugène Ricard, as well as the landscapers Henri and Achille Duchêne, were able to bend the Middle Age, the Renaissance and the 18th century’s “grammars” to their patrons’ taste and ambitions.

Tese de Doutoramento em Filosofia apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra
A presente dissertação pretende fundamentar filosoficamente o encontro terapêutico, partindo da filosofia de Paul Riœur e partimos da noção de falibilidade, que encontramos em O Homem Falível, obra do filósofo que marca a fundação de uma antropologia da desproporção humana, em que a identidade narrativa é construída e reconstruída ao longo das experiências de vida da pessoa., que contraria a antropologia tradicional. Esta reflexão brotou da nossa própria vivência profissional, enquanto profissionais de Técnicas Não-Convencionais (TNC), em que assistimos muitas vezes a essa desproporção e à necessidade de uma reconfiguração narrativa da identidade à medida que é recuperado algum bem-estar e qualidade de vida, através da melhoria dos sintomas que eram causa de queixa, lamento e que levaram a pessoa a procurar este tipo de tratamento. Também o descontentamento narrado por algumas pessoas que procuram este tipo de abordagem terapêutica, acerca do atendimento muitas vezes desumanizado nos cuidados de saúde convencionais, levaram-nos por uma viagem pelas agora em voga éticas do cuidado, sempre de mãos dadas com Ricoœur e a sua “Petite Éthique”. No intuito de fundamentarmos a ideia segundo a qual a manutenção das capacidades humanas, nomeadamente a de agir, precisa do care, de uma ética de proximidade e de relação, embrenhamo-nos na nossa realidade das terapias não-convencionais, nomeadamente a da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa, tentado aplicar na nossa prática diária esta base antropológica, uma vez que não é só o corpo da pessoa que sofre limitações e se altera, mas também a sua rede pessoal, interpessoal. E consequentemente, toda a vida social.
The present dissertation intends to philosophically base the therapeutic encounter, starting from the philosophy of Paul Riœur and from his notion of fallibility, which we find in Fallible Man, which is expressed by the testimony in its ipseity, in which the narrative identity is constructed and reconstructed along with the person's life experiences. This reflection sprang from our own professional experience, as professionals in Non-Conventional Techniques, in which we often see this narrative reconfiguration of identity, as some well-being and quality of life is recovered, through the improvement of the symptoms that were the cause of complaints and groan that led the person to seek this type of treatment. Also, the discontent narrated by some people who seek this type of therapeutic approach, about the often dehumanized care in conventional health care, also took us on a journey through the now in vogue care ethics, always hand in hand with Ricoœur and his “Petite Éthique”. With the intention of substantiating that the maintenance of human capacities, namely the notion of act that needs care and an ethics of proximity and relationship, we immerse ourselves in our reality of Non-Conventional Therapies, namely Traditional Chinese Medicine, in a attempt to apply this anthropological basis in our daily practice, since it is not only the person's body that suffers limitations and changes, but also their personal and interpersonal network. And so, the whole of the social life.

Atualmente, com o crescente volume de tráfego em redes de telecomunicações, é de extrema importância a proteção das ligações ponto a ponto estabelecidas ao longo da rede, com o objetivo de evitar interrupções de serviço. Um SRLG (Shared Risk Link Group) é um conjunto de elementos da rede que têm um risco comum de falha. Os protocolos de encaminhamento podem distribuir informação acerca dos SRLG que podem afetar cada arco da rede, pelo que se torna importante o desenvolvimento de algoritmos eficientes para a determinação de caminhos disjuntos ou maximamente disjuntos nos SRLG. Um par de caminhos disjuntos nas avarias é um par de caminhos totalmente disjuntos ou que podem ter em comum elementos resilientes, ou seja que estão protegidos numa camada inferior. No presente trabalho, desenvolvido no âmbito de um contrato de I&D com a PT Inovação, foram estudados e implementados vários algoritmos: em primeiro lugar um algoritmo de cálculo de um par de caminhos maximamente disjuntos nos nós, de custo aditivo mínimo, que garante que a solução obtida é ótima; em segundo lugar três algoritmos de cálculo de um par de caminhos maximamente disjuntos nos nós e nos SRLG. Cada um desses três algoritmos, propostos no âmbito deste trabalho, são extensões/adaptações de heurísticas para a determinação de pares de caminhos disjuntos nos SRLG; finalmente foi implementada uma heurística, que procura obter um par de caminhos totalmente disjuntos nos nós, exceto em nós extremos de arcos resilientes partilhados por esse par de caminhos. Os algoritmos foram desenvolvidos tendo em vista a sua utilização em PCE (Path Computation Element) integrados em equipamentos de redes GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching). Dado que os PCE integrados têm tipicamente recursos computacionais (capacidade de processamento e quantidade de memória) limitados, procurouse otimizar os algoritmos implementados. Foram realizados testes de desempenho das rotinas implementadas, tendo-se verificado que o algoritmo de cálculo de um par de caminhos maximamente disjuntos nos nós, de custo aditivo mínimo, é perfeitamente adequado ao PCE utilizado nos testes. As implementações dos algoritmos de cálculo de um par de caminhos maximamente disjuntos nos nós e nos SRLG, mostraram poder ser utilizadas num PCE no plano de controlo desde que o número de iterações permitido fosse limitado. A última heurística desenvolvida poderá ser utilizada num PCE apenas no plano de gestão uma vez que os tempos de execução não são compatíveis com a sua utilização no plano de controlo, para a rede fornecida pela PT Inovação.
Nowadays telecommunication networks face an increasing demand of traffic volume and an increasing need to provide an adequate quality of the service experienced by the users. Therefore the protection of point-to-point connections throughout the network becomes of the utmost importance, in order to avoid service interruptions. A SRLG (Shared Risk Link Group) is a set of network elements with common risk of failure. The routing protocols can consider the information on the SRLG affecting each network link. Therefore, the development of efficient algorithms for the calculation of SRLG-disjoint (or at least maximally disjoint) paths becomes a critical issue in this context. A failure-disjoint path pair is a path pair which is either totally disjoint or only has in common resilient elements (i.e. protected in a lower layer). In this work, which was developed in the context of a R&D contract with PT Inovação, several algorithms were studied and implemented: firstly, an algorithm for the calculation of a maximally node-disjoint path pair of min-sum cost, which guarantees finding an optimal solution; secondly, three algorithms for the calculation of a maximally node and SRLG-disjoint path pair, which are adaptations/extensions of existing heuristics for the calculation of a totally SRLG-disjoint path pair; lastly, a heuristic to calculate a pair of totally node-disjoint paths, except for extreme nodes of resilient links that are shared by that path pair. The algorithms were developed having in mind that they will be used in a PCE (Path Computation Element) in GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching) networks devices, which are usually very limited in terms of computational resources (processing and memory). Some performance tests for comparison of the implemented algorithms were made. The algorithm for the calculation of maximally node-disjoint path pairs of min-sum cost is suitable for the considered PCE. As for the algorithms for the calculation of maximally node and SRLG-disjoint path pairs, they can be used in a PCE as long as the number of allowed iterations is adequate. The heuristic for the calculation of failure-disjoint path pairs can be used in a PCE but only in a management plane due to its long execution time.

This dissertation investigates the representation of the image of the stone in poems by four modern Latin-American poets. To do this, I selected one key poem by Carlos Drummond de Andrade, João Cabral de Melo Neto, Pablo Neruda, and Octavio Paz. Based on pertinent principles of literary criticism and analysis, I perform close readings of each of these texts. Despite the use of the same image, the semantic results in each poem present significant variation. That is my starting point for discussions of related historical and theoretical issues such as critical reception, value, ("No meio do caminho" by Drummond), the representation of the lyrical speaker, imagery, metapoetry, ("A educação pela pedra" by João Cabral), the role of the history in poetry, the manipulation of literary sources, (Poema XVII by Pablo Neruda), the concept of "logos" and the relationship between poetry and myth ("Como las piedras del Principio" by Octavio Paz). The basic goal of this dissertation is to put into practice critical and theoretical approaches that optimize the reading of poetry.
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Tese de doutoramento em Relações Internacionais, Política Internacional e Resolução de Conflitos, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra
Esta investigación incide sobre una experiencia sui generis de construcción de paz en Colombia – los Laboratorios de Paz. Situados en algunas de las zonas más conflictivas del país, constituyen programas multidimensionales de construcción de paz desde la base, sostenidos por la sociedad civil, y con el respaldo y participación de la Unión Europea y del Estado colombiano. Configuran un amplio conjunto de procesos sociales, culturales, económicos y políticos de base que buscan integrar los sectores sociales tradicionalmente excluidos de la población colombiana en territorios marginados y periféricos, y acercarlos a la institucionalidad, al desarrollo y a la democracia, con vista a la transformación del conflicto. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es evaluar en qué medida los Laboratorios de Paz se conciben como verdaderos “laboratorios de paz” y abren caminos novedosos y “fórmulas” alternativas para la paz a nivel local y regional. La hipótesis de trabajo es que los Laboratorios de Paz, a pesar de los múltiples obstáculos con que se han encontrado y de muchas limitaciones que evidencian, se configuran como instrumentos de construcción de paz positiva a nivel regional, y estructuran un enfoque alternativo hacia la transformación del conflicto en un escenario como Colombia, con raíces y factores de conflictividad específicos, constituyendo una contribución substantiva para una nueva forma de concebir y construir la paz en el país, con vista a una paz sostenible y duradera. Esta es una investigación eminentemente empírica, que recae e incide fundamentalmente en el análisis de dos estudios de caso – el Laboratorio de Paz del Magdalena Medio y del Macizo Colombiano. Se ha basado principalmente en trabajo de campo en estas regiones de Colombia, con base en entrevistas con participantes y actores de los Laboratorios de Paz, así como en la observación participante en innumerables eventos e iniciativas organizadas por los Laboratorios de Paz.

Cette recherche a comme objectif l’étude d’un des thèmes clef dans la vaste œuvre du poète et essayiste mexicain Octavio Paz (1914-1998) : les analogies entre l’érotisme, le poème et le sacré comme chemins ou voies d’union et de réconciliation humaine, idée qui est particulièrement renforcée dans son œuvre à partir des voyages et du séjour en Orient –spécialement en Inde– entre 1951 et 1968. Pendant la période nommée « cycle indien » (‘ciclo hindú’), Paz s’est intéressé aux différentes traditions de la pensée orientale, particulièrement le bouddhisme, et surtout son orientation tantrique. Ce mémoire analyse les apports les plus significatifs du bouddhisme à l’œuvre de Paz. À partir de l’étude de concepts comme la vacuité, le silence, l’autre bord (‘otra orilla’), l’union extatique transcendante et la libération, ce mémoire soutient que Paz a approfondi les analogies entre l’érotisme, la poésie et le sacré en ne les concevant pas seulement comme expériences de réconciliation mais en les menant au-delà, au plan transcendental, à partir de l’union extatique dans la vacuité. Même si ce mémoire tient compte d’un grand nombre d’œuvres d’Octavio Paz, qui vont de El arco y la lira (1956) à Vislumbres de la India (1995), une attention particulière est dédiée à deux textes qui sont les plus représentatifs du résultat de sa rencontre avec l’Orient, Ladera este (1969) et El mono gramático (1974), dans lesquels il est possible d’observer les analogies que Paz établit entre l’érotisme, le poème, et le bouddhisme tantrique à partir de l’expérience de l’altérité (‘otredad’), qui propose à l’être humain la recherche de son ‘autre’ pour se réconcilier dans l’unité, et de l’expérience de dissipation dans la vacuité. La conclusion générale de l’étude souligne que l’érotisme, le poème, et le bouddhisme tantrique se proposent dans l’œuvre de Octavio Paz comme trois chemins parallèles de révélation par lesquels l’être humain peut accéder à sa plénitude, état manifeste dans l’expérience extatique.
This research studies a key subject in the work of the Mexican poet and essayist Octavio Paz (1914-1998): the analogies between eroticism, poetry and the sacred as three human ways of union, reconciliation, and liberation that are particularly reinforced in his work since his journey to and stay in the East –especially in India- between 1951 and 1968. During the period called Hindu cycle (‘ciclo hindu’), Paz was interested in different traditions of oriental thought such as Buddhism, especially in its tantric orientation. This study analyses the significant contributions of Buddhism to Paz’s work. The examination of concepts like vacuity, silence, another shore (‘otra orilla’), ecstatic transcendental union, and liberation proves that Paz studied the analogies between eroticism, poetry and the sacred in depth, broaching them not just as reconciliation experiences but taking them further (‘más allá’) to the transcendental level of ecstatic union in vacuity. Although a large number of Paz’s works are considered, from El arco y la lira (1956) to Vislumbres de la India (1995), particular attention is dedicated to two poetics texts which are the most representative of his encounter with the East - Ladera Este (1969) and El mono gramático (1974) - where we can observe the analogies that Paz established between eroticism, poetry and tantric Buddhism, through the experiences of ‘otherness’, which proposes to man the search of the ‘other’ to reconcile in unity, and dissipate in vacuity. The general conclusion of the study emphasizes that eroticism, poetry and tantric Buddhism are proposed in Octavio Paz’s work as three parallel ways of revelation from which human being can achieve plenitude, which is manifest in the ecstatic experience.
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo el estudio de un tema clave en la extensa obra del poeta y ensayista mexicano Octavio Paz (1914-1998): las analogías entre el erotismo, el poema y lo sagrado como caminos o vías de unión y reconciliación humana, ideas que se refuerzan particularmente en su obra a partir de los viajes y estancias en Oriente –especialmente en La India- entre 1951 y 1968. Durante el período denominado ‘ciclo hindú’, Paz se interesó en diferentes tradiciones de pensamiento oriental entre las que destacó el budismo, sobre todo en su orientación tántrica. Esta memoria analiza las significativas aportaciones del budismo a la obra de Paz y, a partir del estudio de los conceptos de vacuidad, silencio, otra orilla, unión extática trascendente y de liberación, se sostiene que Paz profundizó en las analogías entre el erotismo, la poesía y lo sagrado, no planteándolas sólo como experiencias de reconciliación sino llevándolas ‘más allá’, al plano trascendental, a partir de la unión extática en la vacuidad. Aunque se tiene en cuenta un buen número de obras de O. Paz desde El arco y la lira (1956) hasta Vislumbres de la India (1995), se dedica una atención particular a dos textos poéticos que son los más representativos del resultado de su encuentro con Oriente, Ladera este (1969) y El mono gramático (1974), donde se observan las analogías que Paz establece entre el erotismo, el poema y el budismo tántrico a partir de la experiencia de ‘otredad’, que propone al hombre una búsqueda de su ‘otro’ para reconciliarse en la unidad, y de la experiencia de disipación en la vacuidad. La conclusión general del estudio subraya que el erotismo, el poema y el budismo tántrico se plantean en la obra de Octavio Paz como tres caminos paralelos de revelación por los que el hombre puede acceder a su plenitud, estado manifiesto en la experiencia extática.