Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ejector refrigeration

Academic literature on the topic 'Ejector refrigeration'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ejector refrigeration"

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Mukhtar, Hamza K., and Saud Ghani. "Hybrid Ejector-Absorption Refrigeration Systems: A Review." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 6576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206576.

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Absorption Refrigeration Systems (ARS) are potential alternatives to direct expansion (DX) refrigeration systems. This review focused on the incorporation of an ejector into absorption refrigeration cycles to constitute Hybrid Ejector-Absorption Refrigeration Systems (HEARS). The ejector adds several advantages to the absorption refrigeration systems depending on its location in the cycle. The two prevalent configurations of HEARS are Triple pressure level (TPL-HEARS), and Low Pressure Condenser (LPC-HEARS). Previous studies revealed the preference of the latter configuration as it allows lower circulation ratios, enhances the refrigeration effect, and could achieve a COP up to 1. Moreover, LPC configuration is suitable with single, double, and variable-effect absorption systems with a COP of above unity. In turn, the TPL-HEARS notably enhances the absorption process, particularly when a variable geometry ejector is utilized. This configuration could obtain a COP around 1.1, but only with high-density refrigerant vapor. Lately, to attain the advantages of both configurations, some studies investigated the viability of adding two ejectors to the cycle. This paper meticulously reviews investigations conducted on the emerging dual ejectors-absorption refrigeration technology. This paper reveals the general performance trend and the maximum attainable COP by each type of hybrid ejector-absorption refrigeration system. DEARS and Ejector-driven absorption refrigeration systems (ED-ARS) could achieve COP that ranges between 1.2 and 1.46. The use of a flash tank and a RHE is essential in NH3/H2O HEARS. At high generator temperatures (of 120–170 °C), DEARS was found to be the system with less complexity and best performance. Nevertheless, the performance of the DEARS might drop significantly if the heat source temperature is fluctuating. Thence, the variable-effect HEARS is considered the best alternative. The capability of HEARS to be integrated with different power generation cycles is also highlighted. Finally, the review presents possible future research opportunities to improve the absorption refrigeration technology.
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Mukhtar, Hamza K., and Saud Ghani. "Hybrid Ejector-Absorption Refrigeration Systems: A Review." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 6576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206576.

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Absorption Refrigeration Systems (ARS) are potential alternatives to direct expansion (DX) refrigeration systems. This review focused on the incorporation of an ejector into absorption refrigeration cycles to constitute Hybrid Ejector-Absorption Refrigeration Systems (HEARS). The ejector adds several advantages to the absorption refrigeration systems depending on its location in the cycle. The two prevalent configurations of HEARS are Triple pressure level (TPL-HEARS), and Low Pressure Condenser (LPC-HEARS). Previous studies revealed the preference of the latter configuration as it allows lower circulation ratios, enhances the refrigeration effect, and could achieve a COP up to 1. Moreover, LPC configuration is suitable with single, double, and variable-effect absorption systems with a COP of above unity. In turn, the TPL-HEARS notably enhances the absorption process, particularly when a variable geometry ejector is utilized. This configuration could obtain a COP around 1.1, but only with high-density refrigerant vapor. Lately, to attain the advantages of both configurations, some studies investigated the viability of adding two ejectors to the cycle. This paper meticulously reviews investigations conducted on the emerging dual ejectors-absorption refrigeration technology. This paper reveals the general performance trend and the maximum attainable COP by each type of hybrid ejector-absorption refrigeration system. DEARS and Ejector-driven absorption refrigeration systems (ED-ARS) could achieve COP that ranges between 1.2 and 1.46. The use of a flash tank and a RHE is essential in NH3/H2O HEARS. At high generator temperatures (of 120–170 °C), DEARS was found to be the system with less complexity and best performance. Nevertheless, the performance of the DEARS might drop significantly if the heat source temperature is fluctuating. Thence, the variable-effect HEARS is considered the best alternative. The capability of HEARS to be integrated with different power generation cycles is also highlighted. Finally, the review presents possible future research opportunities to improve the absorption refrigeration technology.
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OLARU, IONEL. "A FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS OF A JET EJECTOR SYSTEM USED IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS." Journal of Engineering Studies and Research 26, no. 3 (July 27, 2020): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/jesr.v26i3.217.

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Many studies have been conducted for jet ejectors used in the recovery of solar energy or for their use in refrigeration systems for various industrial applications. Generally, these types of ejectors are using water as the working fluid because water have a low cost, a chemical stability and is safe to use. Naturally, other refrigerants, with large-scale application for industry, can be used. In such a type of jet ejector, besides selection of the refrigerant, the design of ejector is very important, with strongly influence to the performance, because the compression ratio depends on the geometry of the nozzle and on the geometry of the diffuser. Compared to other refrigeration systems, those with ejector have some advantages: simplicity in construction, high liability and low cost. However, it has a coefficient of performance lower than conventional systems, this limited the widespread application of ejector refrigeration systems.
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Ben Zid, Nihel, Nejib Hajji, and Mohamed El Ganaoui. "COP enhancement and comparison of different absorption cooling systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 330 (2020): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202033001032.

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The absorption refrigeration machines represent a good alternative to compression refrigeration machines but the major problem of this type of refrigeration lies in the COP, which seems to be less efficient. Several researches are carried out to improve the performances of these machines such as the combination with the technology of the ejectors. In this work, we are interested in the three ammonia-water absorption cycles: Single effect absorption, Ejector-absorption and Combined ejector-flash tank absorption cycles. A gas-gas ejector would be installed between the generator and the condenser. We suppose that adding a flash tank between the condenser and the evaporator could help improve the entrainment ratio of the ejector. We used simulations in order to compare the performances of these three different cycles. The simulation results demonstrate that the combined ejector-flash tank absorption cycle performs better than others.
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Yosaf, Salem, and Hasan Ozcan. "Effect of Ejector Location in Absorption Refrigeration Cycles Using Different Binary Working Fluids." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, no. 01 (March 2019): 1950003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132519500032.

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In this study, three novel modifications of ejector-absorption refrigeration cycles (E-ARC) are investigated to evaluate the effect of ejector location on cycle performances. In the first modification (triple pressure level absorption refrigeration cycle TPL-ARC), the ejector is located at the evaporator inlet. In the second modification (double ejector absorption refrigeration cycle DE-ARC), two ejectors are used; one is located at the evaporator inlet and the other at the absorber inlet, which are coupled to each other. In the third modification (low pressure condenser absorption refrigeration cycle LPC-ARC), the steam ejector is installed at the downstream of the vapor generator discharging line. An additional flow splitter is integrated to the steam ejector outlet and part of the vapor is extracted and returned to the absorber at a pressure equal to the diffuser pressure. Effect of ejector location on thermodynamic performances are evaluated considering three different working fluids, namely ammonia–water solution (NH3–H2O), lithium bromide-water solution (H2O–LiBr), and lithium chloride–water solution (H2O–LiCl). Even though all three configurations enhance the conventional absorption refrigeration cycle (C-ARC) performances, the LPC-ARCs work at high temperature and improve the cycle performance. The TPL-ARC proves to improve the COP and exergy efficiency up to 9.14% and 7.61%, respectively, presenting the highest thermodynamic performance enhancement and lowest operating temperature.
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Abdellaoui, Ezzaalouni Yathreb, and Lakdar Kairouani Kairouani. "Thermodynamic analysis of a new dual evaporator CO2 transcritical refrigeration cycle." Archives of Thermodynamics 38, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoter-2017-0003.

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AbstractIn this work, a new dual-evaporator CO2transcritical refrigeration cycle with two ejectors is proposed. In this new system, we proposed to recover the lost energy of condensation coming off the gas cooler and operate the refrigeration cycle ejector free and enhance the system performance and obtain dual-temperature refrigeration simultaneously. The effects of some key parameters on the thermodynamic performance of the modified cycle are theoretically investigated based on energetic and exergetic analysis. The simulation results for the modified cycle indicate more effective system performance improvement than the single ejector in the CO2vapor compression cycle using ejector as an expander ranging up to 46%. The exergetic analysis for this system is made. The performance characteristics of the proposed cycle show its promise in dual-evaporator refrigeration system.
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Raza, Waseem, Gwang Soo Ko, and Youn Cheol Park. "A Study on the Combined Driven Refrigeration Cycle Using Ejector." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 29, no. 01 (January 25, 2021): 2150004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132521500048.

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The rising need for thermal comfort has resulted in a rapid increase in refrigeration systems’ usage and, subsequently, the need for electricity for air-conditioning systems. The ejector system can be driven by a free or affordable low-temperature heat source such as waste heat as the primary source of energy instead of electricity. Heat-driven ejector refrigeration systems become a promising solution for reducing energy consumption to conventional compressor-based refrigeration technologies. An air-conditioning system that uses the ejector achieves better performance in terms of energy-saving. This paper presents a study on the combined driven refrigeration cycle based on ejectors to maximize cycle performance. The experimental setup is designed to determine the coefficient of performance (COP) with ejector nozzle sizes 1.8, 3.6, and 5.4[Formula: see text]mm, respectively. In this system, the R-134a refrigerant is considered as a working fluid. The results depict that the efficiency is higher than that of the conventional refrigeration method due to comparing the performance of the conventional refrigeration cycle and the combined driven refrigeration cycle. The modified cycle efficiency is better than the vapor compression cycle below 0∘C, which implies sustainability at low temperatures by using low-grade thermal energy. For the improvement of mechanical efficiency, proposed cycle can be easily used.
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Коновалов, Дмитро Вікторович, Роман Миколайович Радченко, Сергій Георгійович Фордуй, Фелікс Володимирович Царан, Віктор Павлович Халдобін, and Артем Вікторович Грич. "Моделювання та програмний комплекс для дослідження функціонування ежектора в змінних режимах." RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2021.3.04.

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One of the current directions of development of modern energy-saving and energy-efficient technologies for ship and stationery (including municipal) energy is the use of ejector refrigeration machines, which can be used for air conditioning systems together with an absorption refrigeration machine (cascade cycle) or vapor compressor refrigeration machine as part of cogeneration or trigeneration units. Such circuit solutions can be used together with ensuring the rational organization of work processes in the main elements of the refrigeration machine, in particular in the jet device - ejector, the appropriate design of which, in turn, will further increase the thermal coefficient. Improving the design of the ejector is a rather complex and long process and does not always give positive results. It is primarily because many tests are required on full-scale models. Therefore, computer simulation of the ejector operation at different variable input parameters, considering the geometric characteristics of the flow part and variable mode characteristics during operation is more attractive in terms of finding options for rational (optimal) design. The paper presents the results of software development for modeling hydrodynamic processes in the flowing part of the ejector, considering the variable operating modes of the ejector refrigeration machine. The existing method for calculating the pressure and circulation characteristics of jet devices is used. The developed software complex "RefJet" in the design mode defines the maximum achievable coefficients of ejection of a jet ejector. In the simulation mode - provides determination of the ejection coefficients of the already designed (certain sizes) ejector at variable values of pressure at the inlet and outlet in specific operating conditions, considering its operation at the limit and partial modes. The work of the software package was tested in the development and analysis of circuit solutions of ejector refrigeration machines as part of the heat recovery circuits of three-generation units based on internal combustion engines and gas turbine engines.
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Haida, Michal, Jacek Smolka, Michal Palacz, Jakub Bodys, Andrzej Nowak, Zbigniew Bulinski, Adam Fic, Krzysztof Banasiak, and Armin Hafner. "Numerical investigation of an R744 liquid ejector for supermarket refrigeration systems." Thermal Science 20, no. 4 (2016): 1259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151210112h.

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This paper presents a numerical investigation of an R744 liquid ejector applied to a supermarket refrigeration system. The use of the liquid ejector enables the operation of the evaporator in a flooded mode and recirculates the R744 liquid phase, which improves the energy efficiency of the refrigeration system. The investigation was performed using two ejectors of different sizes installed in a multi-ejector block. The numerical model was formulated based on the homogenous equilibrium model and validated with the experimental results. The influence of the pre-mixer, mixer and diffuser dimensions on the ejector performance measured using the mass entrainment ratio is presented. The results show that the best liquid ejector performance was obtained for the short lengths of the pre-mixer and mixer compared to the broadly investigated two-phase ejectors connected to the evaporator port. In addition, wide diffuser angles improved the mass entrainment ratio of both liquid ejectors, which may lead to a reduction in the diffuser length.
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LITTLE, ADRIENNE B., and SRINIVAS GARIMELLA. "A REVIEW OF EJECTOR TECHNOLOGY FOR REFRIGERATION APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 19, no. 01 (March 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132511000351.

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This paper provides a comprehensive review of ejector technology for refrigeration applications, combining an understanding of basic fluid flow fundamentals within the ejector with application in cycle-level development. An ejector is a passive device that requires no external mechanical input or moving parts. A high-velocity motive stream produces a low-pressure region into which a suction flow is entrained, resulting in a pressure rise of the suction flow and mixing between the two streams to provide a pumping effect. The first part of this review addresses the progression from experiment-based analytical models to computational modeling of the ejector itself from the early 1950s to 2009. Included is an assessment of the most recent work in CFD modeling, and an exploration into what is needed to develop these models further. Suggestions for future research include better modeling of shock phenomena and the effects of two-phase flow in ejectors. The second part of this review focuses on ejector applications in refrigeration cycles with special emphasis on the vapor-jet refrigeration cycle. Important connections are made between ejector component and system level studies, an understanding of which would enable improvement of system level performance to the extent where they could be used in some niche applications instead of conventional refrigeration systems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ejector refrigeration"

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Chen, Jianyong. "Investigation of Vapor Ejectors in Heat Driven Ejector Refrigeration Systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-156070.

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Refrigeration systems, air-conditioning units and heat pumps have been recognized as indispensable machines in human life, and are used for e.g. food storage, provision of thermal comfort. These machines are dominated by the vapor compression refrigeration system and consume a large percentage of world-wide electricity output. Moreover, CO2 emissions related to the heating and cooling processes contribute significantly to the total amount of CO2 emission from energy use. The ejector refrigeration system (ERS) has been considered as a quite interesting system that can be driven by sustainable and renewable thermal energy, like solar energy, and low-grade waste heat, consequently, reducing the electricity use. The system has some other remarkable merits, such as being simple and reliable, having low initial and running cost with long lifetime, and providing the possibility of using environmentally-friendly refrigerants, which make it very attractive. The ERS has received extensive attention theoretically and experimentally. This thesis describes in-depth investigations of vapor ejectors in the ERS to discover more details. An ejector model is proposed to determine the system performance and obtain the required area ratio of the ejector by introducing three ejector efficiencies. Based on this ejector model, the characteristics of the vapor ejector and the ERS are investigated from different perspectives. The working fluid significantly influences the ejector behavior and system performance as well as the ejector design. No perfect working fluid that satisfies all the criteria of the ERS can be found. The performance of nine refrigerants has been parametrically compared in the ERS. Based on the slope of the vapor saturation curve in a T-s diagram, the working fluids can be divided into three categories: wet, dry and isentropic. A wet fluid has a negative slope of the vapor saturation curve in the T-s diagram. An isentropic expansion process from a saturated vapor state will make the state after the expansion to fall inside the liquid-vapor area of the T-s diagram which will result in droplet formation. Generally, an isentropic expansion for a dry fluid will not occur inside the liquid-vapor area, and consequently no droplets will form. An isentropic fluid has a vertical slope of the vapor saturation curve in the T-s diagram and an isentropic expansion process will hence follow the vapor saturation curve in the T-s diagram, ideally without any droplet formation. However, when the saturation condition is close to the critical point, it is possible that the isentropic expansion process of a dry fluid and an isentropic fluid occurs inside the liquid-vapor area of the T-s diagram, resulting in formation of droplets. In order to avoid droplet formation during the expansion, a minimum required superheat of the primary flow has been introduced before the nozzle inlet. Results show that the dry fluids have generally better performance than the wet fluids and the isentropic fluid. Hence the thesis mostly focuses on the features of vapor ejectors and the ERS using dry fluids. Exergy analysis has been proven to be very useful to identify the location, magnitude, and sources of exergy destruction and exergy loss, and to determine the possibilities of system performance improvement. This method is applied to the ejector and the ERS. The ejector parameters are closely interacting. The operating condition and the ejector area ratio have a great impact on the ejector overall efficiency and system COP. The ejector efficiencies are sensitive to the operating conditions, and they significantly influence the system performance. A so-called advanced exergy analysis is adopted to quantify the interactions among the ERS components and to evaluate the realistic potential of improvement. The results indicate that, at the studied operating condition, the ejector should have the highest priority to be improved, followed by the condenser, and then the generator. Thermoeconomics, which combines the thermodynamic analysis and economic principles, is applied to reveal new terms of interest of the ERS. The economic costs of the brine side fluids (fluids that supply heat to the generator and evaporator and remove heat from the condenser) play very essential roles in the thermoeconomic optimization of the ERS. Depending on different economic conditions, the system improvement from a thermodynamic point of view could be quite different from the thermoeconomic optimization. The ERS is economically sound when using free heat sources and heat sink. An ejector test bench has been built to test the entrainment ratio of different ejectors. Although the experiments do not achieve the desired results, they could still be discussed. The insignificant effect of the superheat of the secondary flow found in the theoretical study is validated. The assumption of neglecting the velocities at the ejector inlets and outlet are confirmed. The quantification of the ejector efficiencies shows that they largely depend on the operating conditions and the ejector dimensions.

QC 20141102

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Menegay, Peter. "Experimental investigation of an ejector as a refrigerant expansion engine." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-124957/.

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Al-Ansary, Hany A. M. "Investigation and improvement of ejector-driven heating and refrigeration systems." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131032/unrestricted/al-ansary%5Fhany%5Fa%5Fm%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.

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Wu, Shenyi. "Investigation of ejector re-compression absorption refrigeration cycle." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10369/.

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This thesis describes a theoretical and experimental investigation of the ejector re-compression lithium bromide absorption refrigeration cycle. In this novel cycle, a steam ejector is used to enhance the concentration process by compressing the vapour to a state that it can be used to re-heat the solution from where it was evolved. Since this cycle recovers the heat otherwise wasted in a conventional absorption cycle, the energy performance of the cycle is improved. The theoretical study shows that the improvement of the efficiency is proportional to the performance of the steam ejector. A COP of 1.013 was achieved from the experiment in this investigation. The novel cycle does not only improve the energy efficiency but also avoids the corrosion that will happen when high temperature heat sources are used to drive a lithium bromide absorption refrigerator. The steam ejector in the novel cycle acts as an efficient temperature converter in acceptance of different temperature heat sources, which reduces the energy loss when the temperature difference between the solution and the heat source is big. Therefore, the solution temperature can be set to a low level while the heat source temperature is high. This is significant to avoid the corrosion of lithium bromide solution at high temperature. Furthermore, the construction of the machine based on the novel cycle is simpler than that based on the conventional double-effect cycle. This refrigerator will be more reliable and have a lower initial capital cost. The cycle was investigated comprehensively in this thesis. In the theoretical study, a mathematical model for this novel cycle was established. The theoretical study reveals the operation characteristics and the factors that affect the energy efficiency of the cycle as well as how to design a refrigerator based on the novel cycle. In the experimental study, a concept-approved refrigerator was manufactured and tested. The part-load performance of the novel cycle was investigated from the experiment. The theoretical results had a good agreement with the experimental ones. NB. This ethesis has been created by scanning the typescript original and contains some inaccuracies. In case of difficulty, please refer to the original text.
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LEAL, MARCO AURELIO. "THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A REFRIGERATION CYCLE USING AN EJECTOR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1992. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19458@1.

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Apresenta-se neste trabalho uma análise termodinâmica comparativa entre o desempenho de um ciclo de refrigeração que usa um ejetor como um pré-expansor do fluido refrigerante e um ciclo padrão de refrigeração por compressão de vapor. Na primeira etapa do trabalho é desenvolvido um modelo matemático em regime é desenvolvido um modelo matemático em regime permanente baseado na primeira Lei da Termodinâmica para cada um dos ciclos estudados. O modelo é capaz de prever o funcionamento de cada um dos componentes do ciclo, assim como do sistema geral. Ao modelo do ejetor é dada uma especial atenção. Para este componente do sistema apresenta-se uma simulação de desempenho, isto é, a partir de condições termodinâmicas previamente estabelecidas, seu modelo matemático é resolvido separadamente através de um processo iterativo pelo método sequencial de solução. Na segunda etapa do trabalho é apresentada para cada um dos equipamentos de cada ciclo uma análise, também em regime permanente, baseada na Segunda Lei da termodinâmica, ou análise Exergética. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que teoricamente, o uso de um ejetor nas condições propostas no trabalho, melhora de maneira significativa o desempenho de um ciclo padrão de refrigeração por compressão de vapor.
The present work is about a comparative thermodynamics performance analysis between a refrigeration cycle that uses an ejector as a refrigerant expander and a standard vapor compression cycle. In the first step, a steady state mathematical model based on the first law of thermodynamics is developed for each one of previous cycles. A special attention is given to the ejectors model. A performance simulation is shown to this component, from previously thermodynamics conditions set up your mathematical mode is separately solved through a iterative process by a sequential solution method. In the second step a second Law of thermodynamics, or exergy analysis, in the steady state, is presented for each one of the equipament of the cycles. The obtained results showed that theoretically, the use of an ejector at the proposed conditions of this work, improves in a significant way the performace of standard vapor- compression cycle.
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Al-Ansary, Hany A. "Investigation and improvement of ejector-driven heating and refrigeration systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/36540.

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Pridasawas, Wimolsiri. "Solar-driven refrigeration systems with focus on the ejector cycle." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Energy Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4151.

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Menegay, Peter. "A Computational Model for Two-Phase Ejector Flow." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30340.

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A CFD model to simulate two-phase flow in refrigerant ejectors is described. This work is part of an effort to develop the ejector expansion refrigeration cycle, a device which increases performance of a standard vapor compression cycle by replacing the throttling valve with a work-producing ejector. Experimental results have confirmed the performance benefit of the ejector cycle, but significant improvement can be obtained by optimally designing the ejector. The poorly understood two-phase, non-equilibrium flow occuring in the ejector complicates this task. The CFD code is based on a parabolic two-fluid model. The applicable two-phase flow conservation equations are presented. Also described are the interfacial interaction terms, important in modelling non-equilibrium effects. Other features of the code, such as a mixing length turbulence model and wall function approximation, are discussed. Discretization of the equations by the control volume method and organization of the computer program is described. Code results are shown and compared to experimental data. It is shown that experimental pressure rise through the mixing section matches well against code results. Variable parameters in the code, such as droplet diameter and turbulence constants, are shown to have a large influence on the results. Results are shown in which an unexpected problem, separation in the mixing section, occurs. Also described is the distribution of liquid across the mixing section, which matches qualitative experimental observations. From these results, conclusions regarding ejector design and two-phase CFD modelling are drawn.
Ph. D.
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Sharp, Joshua Glenn. "Experimental determination of the feasibility of waste heat recovery in data centers using ejector based refrigeration." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41060.

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The purpose of this thesis is to experimentally determine the feasibility of an ejector based, waste heat recovery driven refrigeration system applied to the data center environment in order to reduce operational cooling costs. A comprehensive literature review is detailed to determine the current state of the ejector refrigeration research and assess the initial direction of this thesis. A simplified model was created to perform preliminary performance estimations and system sizing before constructing an experimental system apparatus to evaluate the model predictions. The pressures and temperatures used in the model and instituted in the experimental system are based on the maximum temperatures typically observed in computing servers (50-75°C). Precision controlled heaters are used to simulate the computer server heat, and R245fa is used as the working fluid. Performance results ranged from 0.06 to 0.13.
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Harrell, Greg S. "Testing and modeling of a two-phase ejector." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39122.

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The ejector expansion refrigeration cycle is a modified vapor compression cycle in which a two phase ejector is used to recover a portion of the work otherwise lost in the expansion valve. The ejector improves cycle performance by increasing compressor inlet pressure and by lowering the quality of the fluid entering the evaporator. Theoretically, a cooling COP improvement of approximately 21 % is achievable for a typical refrigerating cycle and an ideal ejector. If the ejector performed as well as typical single-phase ejectors, an improvement of 12% could be achieved. Previous tests have demonstrated a smaller 3.7% improvement; the difference is in the poor performance of the two-phase ejector. The purpose of this research is to understand the operating characteristics of the two phase ejector and to improve design. A two-phase ejector test rig has been constructed and tested. Preliminary data show performance superior to previously tested two-phase ejectors, but still inferior to single phase ejectors. Ejector performance corresponds to refrigeration cycle COP improvements ranging from 3.9010 to 7.6%. This performance was obtained with an ejector designed from single-phase ejector and wet steam ejector design methods. The poor performance indicates the design methods must be improved for two-phase ejectors. This research has begun the development of design methods for the two-phase ejectors and this research has developed models to describe the fluid dynamics and thermodynamics of the ejector.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Ejector refrigeration"

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Boumaraf, Latra. Ejectors and their usefulness in the energy savings. New York: Nova Science, 2009.

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Boumaraf, Latra. Ejectors and their usefulness in the energy savings. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2009.

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Grazzini, Giuseppe, Adriano Milazzo, and Federico Mazzelli. Ejectors for Efficient Refrigeration. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75244-0.

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Sarevski, Milan N., and Vasko N. Sarevski. Water (R718) Turbo Compressor and Ejector Refrigeration / Heat Pump Technology. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2016.

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Water Turbo Compressor and Ejector Refrigeration / Heat Pump Technology. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2016.

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Water (R718) Turbo Compressor and Ejector Refrigeration / Heat Pump Technology. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2015-0-01782-8.

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Boumaraf, L. Ejectors and Their Usefulness in the Energy Savings. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2010.

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Grazzini, Giuseppe, Adriano Milazzo, and Federico Mazzelli. Ejectors for Efficient Refrigeration: Design, Applications and Computational Fluid Dynamics. Springer, 2019.

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Grazzini, Giuseppe, Adriano Milazzo, and Federico Mazzelli. Ejectors for Efficient Refrigeration: Design, Applications and Computational Fluid Dynamics. Springer, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ejector refrigeration"

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Grazzini, Giuseppe, Adriano Milazzo, and Federico Mazzelli. "Ejector Design." In Ejectors for Efficient Refrigeration, 71–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75244-0_3.

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Grazzini, Giuseppe, Adriano Milazzo, and Federico Mazzelli. "Ejector CFD Modeling." In Ejectors for Efficient Refrigeration, 117–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75244-0_4.

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Manimaran, C., A. Sathiamourtty, and A. Selvaraju. "Working Fluids for Ejector Refrigeration Systems: A Comprehensive Review." In Recent Advances in Manufacturing, Automation, Design and Energy Technologies, 869–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4222-7_95.

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Konovalov, Dmytro, Halina Kobalava, Andrii Radchenko, Oleksii Zielikov, and Viktor Khaldobin. "Efficiency of Thermopressor Application in an Ejector Refrigeration Machine." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 329–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77823-1_33.

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Gaurav and Raj Kumar. "Analysis of Solar Ejector–Jet Refrigeration System Using Eco-Friendly Material R1234yf." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 831–38. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2740-3_80.

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Beran, Tobias, Jan Gärtner, and Thomas Koch. "Charge-Air Cooling of High Performance Engines in an Ejector Refrigeration Cycle." In Proceedings, 325–44. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35588-3_19.

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Golchoobian, Hooman, Ali Behbahaninia, Majid Amidpour, and Omid Pourali. "Dynamic Exergy Analysis of a Solar Ejector Refrigeration System with Hot Water Storage Tank." In Progress in Sustainable Energy Technologies: Generating Renewable Energy, 327–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07896-0_17.

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Kumar, Sachin, and Virender Chahal. "A Review of Various Kinds of Cascade Refrigeration Cycle and Application of Ejector Mechanism." In Advances in Materials and Mechanical Engineering, 245–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0673-1_20.

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Grazzini, Giuseppe, Adriano Milazzo, and Federico Mazzelli. "Introduction." In Ejectors for Efficient Refrigeration, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75244-0_1.

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Grazzini, Giuseppe, Adriano Milazzo, and Federico Mazzelli. "Physics of the Ejectors." In Ejectors for Efficient Refrigeration, 21–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75244-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ejector refrigeration"

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Abuan, Binoe E., and Menandro S. Berana. "Ejector Profile Modelling for Heat-Driven Ejector Refrigeration System Without Involving Shock." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52521.

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Heat-driven ejector refrigeration system is one of the fastest emerging technologies in cooling applications for years. This is due to the fact that it can harness cooling capacity from waste heat sources at above 80 °C. Low coefficient of performance (compared to commercial vapor compression systems) is the major disadvantage of the said system, and thus it became a topic of research studies in the field of cooling. The work required by the compressor in a vapor compression cycle (VCC) can be eliminated by using waste heat from any available heat source. Although a relatively lower COP was obtained, the savings using the ejector refrigeration system can cover all the disadvantages and proved that this system can be actually helpful if implemented in the real working systems with waste heat. In this study, a mathematical model for determining ejector parameters and performance was developed and applied to a system where shock was tried to be avoided. The model was coded into a computer program to allow easier computation of the ejector geometric and thermo-fluid dynamic parameters with varying input data such as the refrigerant to be used, evaporator and condensing temperatures, entrainment ratio, and velocity of the fluid flows. An ejector refrigeration system using ammonia, propane, R22, R134a, R1234yf, and R245fa as refrigerants was simulated using the said model. A boiler or generator temperature of 90 °C, a condenser temperature of 40 °C, and a refrigerating capacity of 35kW were maintained for all the refrigerants; however, the evaporator temperature was varied within the range of −10 °C to 10 °C, depending on the behavior of the system. A combination of a short straight section and then a converging-diverging profile was used for the combined mixing section and diffuser to smoothly decelerate the fully mixed supersonic flow exiting the short mixing section and thereby avoid shock waves in the section. The resulting parameters including the ejector dimensions, pressure and Mach number were determined along the length of the ejector. For all the simulation runs, the fluids respond as expected and the expansion energy was utilized from the high pressure side of the ejector as shown in the trend of pressure along the length of the ejector. Ejector size varies a little for different refrigerants; the calculated range of length is from 0.14 m to 0.36 m — this range shows the compactness of the resulting ejectors. The results show that a VCC refrigeration system can be replaced by a heat-driven ejector refrigeration system with the ejector that was designed from the simulations. Since the two systems are designed to have the same refrigerating capacity and working temperatures, it can be projected that savings can be made by using the ejector system. The compactness of the ejector produced in the simulations show a good potential for this kind of refrigerating system to be manufactured and mass produced.
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Forster, Franz X., Alexander E. Deravanessian, Matthew J. Nazarian, Mariano Rubio, and Kevin R. Anderson. "CFD Analysis of Refrigeration Cycle Ejector." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-62237.

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Abstract The use of ejector cycles for increased performance and efficiency is becoming more prevalent in industry. The goal of this study is to evaluate an ejector using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate flow patterns, perform trade studies varying the type of refrigerant, and determine the entrainment ratio for each working fluid, over a range of boundary condition pressures, set at points along the ejector’s flow path. The 2012 Toyota Prius V is one of the first automobiles using an ejector cycle in their internal cabin refrigeration system. The DENSO Corporation ejector hardware was used as the basis for the creation of geometry for the CFD mode of the ejector. Three working fluids were simulated, R-134a, R-245fa, and R-1235yf. The primary findings of this study were as follows. The CFD study here indicates that R-245fa performs the best out of the three working fluids, when examining their entrainment ratios (ratio of secondary to primary flow rates in the ejector). For all three working fluids, the entrainment ratio was seen to peak performance at an ejector inlet pressure of 1.75 × 105 Pa. The ejector mixing chamber pressure and ejector outlet pressure boundary conditions also witnessed a rise in entrainment ratios, during an increase of their respective pressure values.
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Redo, Mark Anthony B., and Menandro S. Berana. "Geothermal-Driven Ejector Refrigeration System." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64949.

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A mathematical model of a heat-driven ejector refrigeration system that uses geothermal energy as the heat source was established. Philippine low-enthalpy geothermal resources were investigated and became the bases in computing for the heat at the generator part of the ejector refrigeration system. Analysis and comparison of the performance of the cycle considering working fluids like ammonia (R717) and R134a as the refrigerants were conducted. The properties of those fluids were based on an available thermodynamic database of various refrigerants. The governing principles and conservation equations for energy, mass and momentum were successively applied to control volume of ejector components. The properties for both fluid and flow were solved iteratively for isentropic and irreversible processes wherein entropy generation and frictional losses were accounted for. This included simulation of flows in two-phase region. Input parameters were set like the generating temperature and condensing temperature. The range of 60 to 100 °C available geothermal fluid temperature could produce 50 to 90°C of generating temperature for the fluid refrigerant. This range of generating temperature yielded an evaporating temperature of 8 to 25 °C at a fixed condensing temperature of 40 °C. After numerical analyses, the determined coefficient of performance was at the range of 0.21 to 0.39, while nozzle and ejector efficiencies were from 94% to 99%. The geometric profiles of the ejector were also projected along with the varying generating temperature for both fluids. From the calculation, ammonia offers higher performance and efficiencies and lower evaporating temperatures suitable for larger cooling needs.
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Sait, H. H., B. A. Habibullah, N. Turkman, and H. B. Ma. "Experimental Investigation of Ejector Refrigeration System With Double Condensers." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88671.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of a steam jet refrigerator suitable for renewable or low-medium grade waste energy applications. An experimental system of an ejector refrigeration system was constructed and fabricated. Different parameters of the ejector refrigeration system were investigated, such as the high-temperature evaporator (HTE) temperature, low temperature evaporator (LTE) temperature, and back pressure. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the ejector refrigeration system was determined. In addition, the effects of the operating temperatures on the COP and critical back pressure were investigated. The results are expected to motivate the use of ejector refrigeration systems for air-conditioning.
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Garris, Charles A., Woo Jong Hong, Catherine Mavriplis, and Jeremy Shipman. "The Pressure-Exchange Ejector Heat Pump." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0851.

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Abstract The pressure-exchange ejector offers the possibility of attaining a breakthrough in the level of performance of ejectors by means of utilizing non-dissipative non-steady flow mechanisms. Yet, the device retains much of the mechanical simplicity of conventional steady-flow ejectors. If such a substantial improvement in performance is demonstrated, its application to ejector refrigeration will be very important. Such a development would provide significant benefits for the environment in terms of both CFC usage reduction and greenhouse gas reduction. The current paper will discuss in detail the concept of pressure-exchange ejector refrigeration, compare it with existing technologies, and discuss the potential impact that might be derived if certain levels of ejector performance can be achieved. Since the limiting issue on the system performance is in the fluid dynamics of non-steady flow induction, research issues and recent progress will be discussed.
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Kouremenos, D. A., E. D. Rogdakis, and G. K. Alexis. "Optimization of Enhanced Steam-Ejector Applied to Steam Jet Refrigeration." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0821.

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Abstract Ejectors are used for a wide range of applications. Refrigeration systems have, a long established history. Ejector refrigerators working on steam or halocarbon refrigerants provide a high level of flexibility. Ejector can also be used in solar-powered refrigeration systems and absorption-refrigeration systems. There are very few comprehensive theoretical studies even though several models for ejectors in literature. A new ejector theory was developed by Munday and Bagster (1977). This theory depends on the assumption of two discrete streams, the motive stream and the secondary stream. The two streams maintain their identity down the converging duct of the diffuser. At some section the secondary flow reaches sonic velocity. The shocking and mixing occur at the very end of the converging cone resulting in a transient supersonic mixed stream. There is no supersonic deceleration and a shock takes place immediately on mixing. The mixed stream will shock to the subsonic, found by the intersection of the Fanno and Rayleigh lines. After that the stream is brought to near zero velocity in the diffuser. In the present work this theory is used as a basis, in order to develop a computerized model of ejector with particular reference to steam-ejector at various operating conditions. The results are compared with available from the literature experimental data. Also a parametric study is conducted in order to reveal the influence of the various parameters on the performance of the steam jet refrigeration.
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Su, Liju, Ramesh K. Agarwal, and Subhodeep Banerjee. "CFD Simulation of a Supersonic Steam Ejector for Refrigeration Application." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-3125.

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Supersonic steam ejectors are widely used in many industrial applications, for example for refrigeration and desalination. The experimental evaluation of the flow field inside the ejector is relatively difficult and costly due to the occurrence of shock after the velocity of the steam reaches over the sonic level in the ejector. In this paper, numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the detailed flow field inside a supersonic steam (water vapor being the working fluid) ejector. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow solver ANSYS-Fluent and the mesh generation software ANSYS-ICEM are used to predict the steam performance during the mixing inside the ejector by employing two turbulence models, the k-ω SST and the k-ε realizable models. The computed results are validated against the experimental data. The effects of operating conditions on the efficiency of the ejector such as the primary fluid pressure and condenser pressure are studied to obtain a better understanding of the mixing process and entrainment. Velocity contours, pressure plots and shock region analyses provide a good understanding for optimization of the ejector performance, in particular how to increase the entrainment ratio.
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Su, Liju, and Ramesh K. Agarwal. "CFD Simulation of a Supersonic Steam Ejector for Refrigeration Application." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7614.

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Supersonic steam ejectors are widely used in many industrial applications, for example for refrigeration and desalination. The experimental evaluation of the flow field inside the ejector is relatively difficult and costly due to the occurrence of shock after the velocity of the steam reaches over the sonic level in the ejector. In this paper, numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the detailed flow field inside a supersonic steam (water vapor being the working fluid) ejector. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow solver ANSYS-Fluent and the mesh generation software ANSYS-ICEM are used to predict the steam performance during the mixing inside the ejector by employing two turbulence models, the k-ω SST and the k-ε realizable models. The computed results are validated against the experimental data. The effects of operating conditions on the efficiency of the ejector such as the primary fluid pressure and condenser pressure are studied to obtain a better understanding of the mixing process and entrainment. Velocity contours, pressure plots and shock region analyses provide a good understanding for optimization of the ejector performance, in particular how to increase the entrainment ratio.
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Zhang, Shuo, Ruishi Feng, Wenjun Gao, and Pengfei Zhu. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Ejector of Lubricating Oil System of Gas Turbine Engine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-83091.

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Abstract The ejector is a device that uses a high-speed, high-energy working fluid to eject another low-speed, low-energy fluid. The working fluid enters the mixing chamber after being accelerated by the nozzle and forms a low-pressure area in the mixing chamber. Through the mixing and entrainment of the two-fluid boundaries, the ejected fluid mixes with the working fluid and obtains kinetic energy. At the exit of the mixing chamber, the flow tends to be uniform. An expansion pipe is usually connected behind the outlet of the mixing chamber to reduce the flow rate and increase the static pressure. The ejector has a simple structure without moving parts or electrical equipment, and is widely used in wind tunnel facilities, ventilation equipment, refrigeration equipment and other fields. In recent years, ejectors have also been gradually used in aero-engine lubricating oil systems for the supply and discharge of oil and oil-gas mixtures. Although the ejector has a simple structure, many factors affect its ejection efficiency, including but not limited to the shape of the working fluid nozzle and the volume of the mixing chamber. The parameter that measures the efficiency of the ejector is the ejection coefficient, that is, the ratio of the volume flow of the ejected fluid to the working fluid. How to improve the ejector coefficient of ejector under different working conditions is an important subject of ejector research. This research is mainly aimed at a kind of ejector used in an oil-gas mixture of gas turbine engine lubricating oil system. In this study, a single-phase numerical simulation of the internal flow field of the ejector was carried out, and the numerical calculation results were verified experimentally. Under the premise of maintaining the original structure of the ejector, the relative position of the low-pressure zone and the ejected fluid in the mixing chamber was changed to explore the influence of this distance on the ejection efficiency. Under the same inlet and outlet boundary conditions, the design of the ejector working fluid nozzle was changed to explore the influence of the working fluid nozzle shape on the ejection efficiency. These structures include sudden shrinking nozzles, Laval nozzles and convergent nozzles. Numerical calculation results show that the relative position of the low-pressure zone in the mixing chamber and the ejected fluid has a greater impact on the ejection efficiency: 1. If the distance is too small or too large, the ejection efficiency will decrease, and the effect of too large distance is more obvious. 2. When the ejected fluid enters the mixing chamber, the ejection efficiency is maximum when the angle between the streamline direction and the working fluid flow direction is about 75°. The working fluid nozzle has a decisive influence on the ejection efficiency: 1. The sudden shrinking nozzle has a large local loss, and the ejection effect is not obvious. 2. The Laval nozzle ejector has higher requirements on the flow state of the working fluid. When the flow state of the working fluid does not match the geometric design, the ejector efficiency is low. When the two are matched, the Laval nozzle ejector has a higher ejection efficiency; 3. The convergent nozzle ejector has the problem of flow congestion, but it is suitable for working fluids in a variety of flow conditions and has low requirements for geometric design. Compared with the Laval nozzle ejector, this configuration has low efficiency. The results of this research are helpful to determine the design scheme and installation location of the oil-gas mixture ejector of the lubricating oil system and provide reference ideas for the design and optimization of the external pipeline layout of the gas turbine engine.
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hui-fan, Zheng, Fan Xiao-wei, and Li An-gui. "Experimental investigation on HFC134a ejector refrigeration system." In 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2009.5138581.

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