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1
Alba, Beatrice, Doris McIlwain, Ladd Wheeler, and Michael P. Jones. "Status Consciousness." Journal of Individual Differences 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000143.
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This research examined individual differences in how people think about social status via a scale with eight proposed factors. Items designed to measure these factors were administered to an online sample (n = 1,009). A factor analysis revealed eight meaningful factors: rejection of status, high-perceived status, respect for hierarchy, low-perceived status, status display, egalitarianism, belief in hierarchy, and enjoyment of status. The 40 items forming these eight factors were then administered to a new sample of online participants (n = 303) alongside measures of self-esteem, social dominance orientation, competitiveness, assertiveness, social comparison orientation, narcissism, and hypersensitive narcissism. Confirmatory factor analyses from this subsequent study supported the model derived in the first study. A preliminary analysis of the construct validity of this new “Status Consciousness Scale” scale was undertaken by examining the correlations between the factors and other personality variables that were predicted to relate to each factor.
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Swerdlow, Neal R. "Don't leave the “un” off “consciousness”." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 4 (December 1995): 699–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00040656.
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AbstractGray extrapolates from circuit models of psychopathology to propose neural substrates for the contents of consciousness. I raise three concerns: (1) knowledge of synaptic arrangements may be inadequate to fully support his model; (2) latent inhibition deficits in schizophrenia, a focus of this and related models, are complex and deserve replication; and (3) this conjecture omits discussion of the neuropsychological basis for the contents of the unconscious.
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Gribkov, Andrei Armovich, and Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Zelenskii. "Determination of consciousness, self-consciousness and subjectness within the framework of the information concept." Философия и культура, no. 12 (December 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2023.12.69095.
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The article is devoted to the study of the nature of consciousness within the framework of the information concept. The paper proposes a definition of consciousness as an informational environment in which an extended model of reality is realized. The process of realization of this extended model is defined as thinking. The result of thinking is information objects that form a system in the form of information environment. Information objects are reflections of the real world properties, not directly, but by means of translation through a special object – a carrier of consciousness. In the case of human consciousness, such a carrier is a human being (represented in the form of his nervous system). As a result, consciousness can be qualified as a simulacrum of reality, i.e., a model of a model: an information model of the carrier of consciousness, which in turn is a means of physical modeling of the real "big" world. Possible mechanisms mediating thinking are considered. For this purpose, two new concepts are introduced: neural circuit and neurophysical pattern. An approach to the study of self-consciousness based on the localization of the consciousness carrier in the multidimensional space of states of initial real objects, as well as their reflections in the form of information objects is proposed. This localization is ensured by the presence of feedbacks. Summarizing the results of the study, the article states the following connection between consciousness, self-consciousness and subjectness: under certain conditions (when consciousness is localized in the state space of the carrier of consciousness), consciousness acquires the property of self-consciousness, a special case of which (when the initiator of changes determining localization is the carrier of consciousness) is self-consciousness endowed with subjectness.
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Drigas, Athanasios S., and Marios A. Pappas. "The Consciousness-Intelligence-Knowledge Pyramid: An 8x8 Layer Model." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 5, no. 3 (October 10, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v5i3.7680.
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<p>Cognitive and metacognitive skills are recognized and studied since antiquity. From the theory of Aristotle, according to which knowledge is product of the human mind and Platonic gnosiology and the theory of true knowledge, to the modern cognitive science, the question of how people acquire knowledge, has occupied a multitude of scientists. In this article we present a cognitive-based approach to the process of acquiring knowledge, we analyze the dominant theories of knowledge, theories of intelligence, as well as learning theories, and thus we propose an eight-layer pyramid of knowledge. We also analyze the cognitive processes and metacognitive skills required to get an individual to the highest layer of the knowledge pyramid.</p>
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Díaz, José-Luis. "Self-consciousness: an I-World patterned process model." Adaptive Behavior 26, no. 5 (July 11, 2018): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712318783434.
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The self is herein recognized as self-consciousness, a broad dynamic system of self-recognition and self-reference. Eight psychosomatic and extended cognitive functions working as an interactive whole are proposed to constitute self-consciousness: (1) somatic domain and body image; (2) situation and domestic range; (3) agency and power to act; (4) introspection, mindfulness, and metacognition; (5) first person discourse and appropriation; (6) episodic memory, autobiography, and role; (7) attribution and alterity; (8) conscience, moral consciousness, and ethical stance. These functions, complemented with considerations about depersonalization and selflessness, are briefly defined and described. These subsystems may work independently but they may interact and variably coalesce according to the demands of the task. Since self-awareness would require a dynamic swarm-like activation pattern of the cluster, the self does not reside in particular brain sites or networks but depends on top-down and bottom-up mechanisms coupled with incoming and outgoing sensory-motor data loops. This psychophysical theory avoids the swing between internal and external elements in favor of an embracing I-World patterned process that comprises neural, bodily, behavioral, environmental, and social dimensions converging in the construction and expression of self-conscious and personal identity experiences integrated by a participant brain.
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Zhul'kov, Mikhail Vyacheslavovich. "Global revolution: consciousness and form of its manifestation." Философская мысль, no. 3 (March 2020): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2020.3.31547.
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This article explores the process of global revolution reflected in the globalization of consciousness and society. Human world faced the integration of two worlds – the information world of consciousness and thought, and the world of social reality. Consciousness and society correspond and complement each other. The concept of global revolution is defined as the revolution within consciousness, individual and global. Individual consciousness should endure the group flows of energy, reach more integrity, enhance moral component, which would create conditions for the formation of global consciousness. The research methods include the developed by the author concept of noospheric energitism; systemic, synergetic and energy-information approaches, as well as dialectics of fundamental principles of the existence. Global revolution encapsulates not only the revolution in consciousness, but also in forms of its manifestation, i.e. the forms of social reality. The incipient global consciousness needs a new environment, since it cannot manifest itself in the old forms. Social organization gives way to social orderliness, mobile and dynamic forms of self-discipline. The modern global reality is represented by the model of network mind-civilization , consisting of the planetary web of cities as civilizational centers, which hold the major changes, connected by material, energy and information circuit. This model explains the mechanism of unfolding a global revolution that unites civilizational and consciousness-based components, allows to adequately describe and understand the global revolutionary and evolutionary transformations within consciousness and other forms of social organization, plan and guide panhuman development, foresee risks and reduce the possible negative consequences.
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Tsurugizawa, Tomokazu, Kota Tamada, Nobukazu Ono, Sachise Karakawa, Yuko Kodama, Clement Debacker, Junichi Hata, et al. "Awake functional MRI detects neural circuit dysfunction in a mouse model of autism." Science Advances 6, no. 6 (February 2020): eaav4520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav4520.
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MRI has potential as a translational approach from rodents to humans. However, given that mouse functional MRI (fMRI) uses anesthetics for suppression of motion, it has been difficult to directly compare the result of fMRI in “unconsciousness” disease model mice with that in “consciousness” patients. We develop awake fMRI to investigate brain function in 15q dup mice, a copy number variation model of autism. Compared to wild-type mice, we find that 15q dup is associated with whole-brain functional hypoconnectivity and diminished fMRI responses to odors of stranger mice. Ex vivo diffusion MRI reveals widespread anomalies in white matter ultrastructure in 15q dup mice, suggesting a putative anatomical substrate for these functional hypoconnectivity. We show that d-cycloserine (DCS) treatment partially normalizes these anormalies in the frontal cortex of 15q dup mice and rescues some social behaviors. Our results demonstrate the utility of awake rodent fMRI and provide a rationale for further investigation of DCS therapy.
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Ozeki, Miki, Kan Shimazaki, and Taiyoung Yi. "Exploring Elements of Disaster Prevention Consciousness: Based on Interviews with Anti-disaster Professionals." Journal of Disaster Research 12, no. 3 (May 29, 2017): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2017.p0631.
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Many educational activities and disaster drills are conducted for the purpose of developing disaster prevention consciousness. It is necessary to develop a standardized psychological scale to measure disaster prevention consciousness; this would help evaluate the effect of activities that improve disaster prevention consciousness. To do this, a qualitative study using a Constructivist Grounded Theory Approach was conducted. First, elements of disaster prevention consciousness were explored through one-hour interviews with a total of ten disaster prevention professionals. They responded to six questions on the characteristics and behaviors of a person who seemed to possess high disaster prevention consciousness. The study yielded six elements in knowledge (ex. “Reality of disaster”), eight elements in behavior (ex. “Preparation for disaster”), and ten psychological elements (ex. “Over-reliance on one measure against disasters,” “Prediction and analysis of situations,” and “Taking a comprehensive view”). A new anti-disaster consciousness model was developed based on these elements.
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Anić, Ivan-Damir, Suncana Piri Rajh, and Edo Rajh. "Antecedents of food-related consumer decision-making styles." British Food Journal 116, no. 3 (February 25, 2014): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-10-2011-0250.
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Purpose – This study aims to examine the impacts of demographic variables (gender, age, income, education) and food product involvement (FPI) on food-related consumer decision-making styles (CDMS). Design/methodology/approach – Original Sproles and Kendall's CSI instrument (1986) was applied in the food-product context. Data were collected using consumer phone survey. Eight separate regression analyses were conducted to test hypotheses. In each model independent variables were socio-demographic variables and FPI, while dependent variables were eight food-related CDMS. Findings – Regression analyses indicate that each of food-related CDMS are affected by different antecedent variables. Perfectionism, high-quality consciousness was affected by gender, age, income and FPI; Brand consciousness by age, income and FPI; Novelty consciousness by FPI; Recreational, hedonistic shopping consciousness by gender, age and FPI; Price consciousness by age, education and income; Impulsiveness by age, education and income; Confusion by overchoice by education and FPI, and Brand loyalty by education, income and FPI. Originality/value – The study applies modified Sproles and Kendall's CSI instrument (1986) in the food product context. The present study also provides a more definitive conclusion about the relationships between demographics, FPI and food-related CDMS. The analysis determined how demographics and FPI affect food-related CDMS.
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Newey, Lance Richard. "Well-being as a staged social responsibility process for business and society." Social Responsibility Journal 15, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-10-2017-0213.
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PurposeThis paper aims to conceptualize how business and society co-evolve their efforts to maximizing the greatest well-being of the greatest number following a conscious-unconscious, staged, dialectical process.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a conceptual framework linking eight components of well-being (economic, environmental, social, cultural, psychological, spiritual, material and physical), with stages of consciousness and the co-evolution of business and society.FindingsStages of consciousness – traditionalist, modernist, post-modernist and integral – moderate both the pace and direction with which business and society co-evolve to the greatest well-being of the greatest number across eight components of well-being.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a conceptual framework which integrates existing empirical relationships, but the overall framework itself is yet to be empirically tested.Practical implicationsThe whole process of maximizing well-being can become more conscious for both business and society. This requires making unconscious components conscious and becoming conscious of the inseparability of the eight components of well-being as a counter-balanced set.Social implicationsBusinesses and societies can maximize well-being across eight inseparable components. But implementing this is a staged process requiring progressing populations through stages of consciousness. Earlier stages lay the platform for a critical mass of people able to integrate the eight components.Originality/valueKnowledge of well-being is dominated by disciplinary disconnection and bivariate studies; yet, current meta-crises and calls for post-conventional leaders indicate the importance of an integrated multidisciplinary well-being model which explains past efforts of business and society, diagnoses current problems and points towards more viable paths.
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Fung, Maggie S. K. "An IMB model testing via endorser types and advertising appeals on young people's attitude towards cervical cancer prevention advertisement in Hong Kong." Young Consumers 18, no. 1 (April 18, 2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-07-2016-00620.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test eight hypotheses to understand the relationship between information (Cervical Cancer Prevention (CCP) advertisements via endorser types and advertising appeals), motivation (attitude and effectiveness towards advertisements, audiences’ reported self-health consciousness, motivation to learn more information) and behaviour intentions (accept and intent to receive CCP vaccination) using the information-motivation-behavioural skills (IMB) model. Design/methodology/approach An experimental study was conducted using a sample of 668 young people aged 18-25 in Hong Kong. Participants were asked to respond to questions relating to self-health consciousness, motivation to learn more information, attitudes and effectiveness towards the assigned print advertisements randomly drawn from a set of eight (4 × 2 full-factorial) experimental designs and behavioural intentions. Findings Results revealed that celebrity endorsers had the most effective CCP ad appeal among young consumers regardless of advertising appeal in Hong Kong. The findings suggested that highly self-health conscious young people are motivated to learn more information about CCP and have a more positive attitude and effectiveness towards the CCP advertisement. Furthermore, effective advertisement predicts higher motivation and behavioural intention, whereas higher “self-health consciousness” and “motivation to learn more information” predicts more positive advertisement attitude. Originality/value By investigating young consumers’ attitude and effectiveness towards CCP advertisements, this paper aimed to expand the knowledge of previous studies and contribute to advertising theory by focusing on CCP aspects in Hong Kong context.
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Jordan, Ian D., and Il Memming Park. "Birhythmic Analog Circuit Maze: A Nonlinear Neurostimulation Testbed." Entropy 22, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22050537.
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Brain dynamics can exhibit narrow-band nonlinear oscillations and multistability. For a subset of disorders of consciousness and motor control, we hypothesized that some symptoms originate from the inability to spontaneously transition from one attractor to another. Using external perturbations, such as electrical pulses delivered by deep brain stimulation devices, it may be possible to induce such transition out of the pathological attractors. However, the induction of transition may be non-trivial, rendering the current open-loop stimulation strategies insufficient. In order to develop next-generation neural stimulators that can intelligently learn to induce attractor transitions, we require a platform to test the efficacy of such systems. To this end, we designed an analog circuit as a model for the multistable brain dynamics. The circuit spontaneously oscillates stably on two periods as an instantiation of a 3-dimensional continuous-time gated recurrent neural network. To discourage simple perturbation strategies, such as constant or random stimulation patterns from easily inducing transition between the stable limit cycles, we designed a state-dependent nonlinear circuit interface for external perturbation. We demonstrate the existence of nontrivial solutions to the transition problem in our circuit implementation.
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King, Chris. "Sensory Transduction and Subjective Experience: Expression of Eight Genes in Three Senses Suggests a Radical Model of Consciousness." Activitas Nervosa Superior 51, no. 1 (March 2009): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03379922.
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روشنفکر, کبرا ر., فاطمه اکبریزاده, and خليل پرويني. "Multilingualism in the feminist novel (Memory of the Body) as a model." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 33 (November 14, 2017): 285–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2017/v1.i33.6019.
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This article, through the descriptive-analytical approach within the framework of the theory of dialogue and feminist criticism, studies the characteristic of "multilingualism" in the novel "Memory of the Body", to reveal the eight forms of the presence of multiple languages in the various levels of this feminist novel. The results indicate that this literary genre manifests the writer's consciousness in the dialogical relations existing between her language, the language of characters at different levels, the language of poetic discourses, historical and popular stories, and... where it constitutes a kind of two-voiced discourse that resists in the face of the patriarchal authority to express women's concerns.
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Cao, Jianfei, Karin Kurata, Yeongjoo Lim, Shintaro Sengoku, and Kota Kodama. "Social Acceptance of Mobile Health among Young Adults in Japan: An Extension of the UTAUT Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 15156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215156.
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The unprecedented development of information and communication technologies has opened up immense possibilities in the field of health care. Mobile health (mHealth) is gaining increasing attention as an important technology for solving health-related problems. Although a high rate of smartphone usage among young people in Japan has been identified, smartphone usage for health management is not high. As Japanese youth are important potential users of mHealth, it is necessary to explore theories that influence the behavioral intention of Japanese youth to adopt mHealth. This study conducted a questionnaire survey in a Japanese university and collected 233 valuable responses. This study was adapted and extended from the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model to measure eight constructs: health consciousness, social influence, facilitation conditions, perceived risk, trust, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and behavioral intention. Structural equation modeling was used for hypothesis testing. We found that trust, performance expectancy, and effort expectancy directly influenced the behavioral intention to use mHealth. Health consciousness and social influence indirectly influence behavioral intention through trust and performance expectancy. Facilitation conditions indirectly influenced behavioral intention through effort expectancy. This study makes a vital theoretical contribution to policymakers and product developers for the further diffusion of mHealth among young people in Japan.
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Hollebeek, Linda D., Biljana Juric, and Wenyan Tang. "Virtual brand community engagement practices: a refined typology and model." Journal of Services Marketing 31, no. 3 (May 8, 2017): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-01-2016-0006.
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Purpose Despite Schau et al.’s (2009) pioneering research addressing consumers’ community engagement practices, scholarly understanding of the nature and dynamics characterizing consumers’ engagement practices in virtual (online) brand communities, and their inter-relationships, is limited to date. Building on these authors’ study, this paper aims to develop a refined typology and process model of virtual brand community engagement practices (VBCEPs). Design/methodology/approach Using the netnographic methodology, the authors analyze 20 luxury handbag community members’ entries posted on the brand’s particular section of The Purse Forum. Findings The authors develop an eight-component VBCEP typology that refines Schau et al.’s (2009) four-component model of brand community engagement practices. The model comprises “greeting”, “regulating”, “assisting”, “celebrating”, “appreciating”, “empathizing”, “mingling” and “ranking”. These practices contribute to and maintain the community’s vision and identity, and strengthen shared community consciousness. Research limitations/implications A key limitation of this research lies in its findings being generated from a single, luxury virtual brand community. Future research may thus wish to validate the VBCEP typology and model across different contexts. Practical implications The authors provide strategic managerial recommendations designed to leverage virtual brand community performance, which center predominantly on the social (altruistic) and achievement-based VBCEP sub-processes. Originality/value The eight-component VBCEP typology refines Schau et al.’s four-component model of brand community engagement practices with particular applicability to virtual brand communities.
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Yin, Li Xin, Jing Yan, and Guo Wen Li. "Study on Engineering Education Training Mode of the Experience-Orientation." Advanced Materials Research 402 (November 2011): 808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.808.
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To build a new type of engineering education training mode meet the Chinese national condition. The mode of experience-orientation stress on cultivates engineering spirit and engineering consciousness; acquire engineer experience and skills actively. The eight principles of engineer education are important idea, the credit system, the mentor system, Professional certification system are the foundation of engineering education, under the CDIO background adopt TSIP educational model, encourage and guide the student to learn cross major, interdisciplinary, unify the school and social, unify the class and the scientific research, realizes eminent engineer talent training.
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Vadakkan, Kunjumon I. "An Electronic Circuit Model of the Interpostsynaptic Functional LINK Designed to Study the Formation of Internal Sensations in the Nervous System." Advances in Artificial Neural Systems 2014 (December 3, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/318390.
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The nervous system makes changes in response to the continuous arrival of associative learning stimuli from the environment and executes behavioral motor activities after making predictions based on past experience. The system exhibits dynamic plasticity changes that involve the formation of the first-person internal sensations of perception, memory, and consciousness to which only the owner of the nervous system has access. These properties of natural intelligence need to be verified for their mechanism of formation using engineered systems so that a third person can access them. In the presence of a synaptic junctional delay of up to two milliseconds, we anticipate that the systems property of formation of internal sensations is likely independent of the mode of conduction along the neuronal processes. This allows testing for the formation of internal sensations using electronic circuits. The present work describes the neurobiological context for the formation of the basic units of inner sensations that occur through the reactivation of interpostsynaptic functional LINKs and its connection to motor activity. These mechanisms are translated to an analogue circuit unit for the development of robotic systems.
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Pereira Jr., Alfredo. "The projective theory of consciousness: from neuroscience to philosophical psychology." Trans/Form/Ação 41, spe (2018): 199–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-3173.2018.v41esp.11.p199.
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Abstract: The development of the interdisciplinary areas of cognitive, affective and action neurosciences contributes to the identification of neurobiological bases of conscious experience. The structure of consciousness was philosophically conceived a century ago (HUSSERL, 1913) as consisting of a subjective pole, the bearer of experiences, and an objective pole composed of experienced contents. In more recent formulations, Nagel (1974) refers to a “point of view”, in which qualitative experiences are anchored, while Velmans (1990, 1993, 2009, 2017) understands that phenomenal content is composed of mental representations “projected” to the space external to the brains that construct them. In Freudian psychology, the conscious mind contains a tension between the Id and the Ego (FREUD, 1913). How to relate this bipolar structure with the results of neuroscience? I propose the notion of projection [also used by Williford et al. (2012)] as a bridge principle connecting the neurobiological systems of knowing, feeling and acting with the bipolar structure. The projective process is considered responsible for the generation of the sense of self and the sense of the world, composing an informational phenomenal field generated by the nervous system and experienced in the first-person perspective. After presenting the projective hypothesis, I discuss its philosophical status, relating it to the phenomenal (BLOCK, 1995, 2008, 2011) and high-order thought (ROSENTHAL, 2006; BROWN, 2014) approaches, and a mathematical model of projection (RUDRAUF et al., 2017). Eight ways of testing the status of the projective hypothesis are briefly mentioned.
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Mishal, Aditi, Rameshwar Dubey, Omprakash K. Gupta, and Zongwei Luo. "Dynamics of environmental consciousness and green purchase behaviour: an empirical study." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 9, no. 5 (October 2, 2017): 682–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-11-2016-0168.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between environmental consciousness (ECO), green purchase attitude (GPA), green purchase intention (GPI), perceived customer effectiveness (PCE), green behaviour (GRB) and green purchase behaviour (GPB). Based on the statistical analyses, this paper offers some further research directions to advance the extant literature. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical model is firmly grounded in extant literature. To test the study hypotheses, the authors have developed a survey instrument following a two-stage process. The constructs were first operationalized by the authors and then pre-tested by experts. Dillman’s (2007) guidelines were then followed to gather data. Finally, the theoretical model was tested using multivariate statistical tools. Findings Results indicate that ECO has an influence on GPA and PCE; GPA has an influence on PCE and GRB; GPI has an influence on PCE; and GRB has an influence on GPB. Environmental benefit still ranks at the sixth position among eight product-selection criteria, as is evident from qualitative in-depth interviews indicating a primarily rationalistic and not an altruistic purchase approach. The gap in translation of ECO into GB and GPB can be attributed to costliness, non-availability with less variety, lack of brand reputation of green products and budget constraints for customers. Research limitations/implications The study faces the limitation of generalizability of the results because it was carried out in a particular state in India; it may not be the perception of the country as a whole. The bias owing to social desirability, selective memory and telescoping with the use of self-reported data could also be a limitation for the current empirical study. Originality/value This study aimed to extend pro-environmental behaviour studies beyond developed countries and to empirically validate the models built on the theory of ECO leading to GPB, especially for India, a rising market. A novel approach to empirically discuss the situational and market factors will provide a much-needed thrust for research on these lines.
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Carhart-Harris, Robin L., Suresh Muthukumaraswamy, Leor Roseman, Mendel Kaelen, Wouter Droog, Kevin Murphy, Enzo Tagliazucchi, et al. "Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 17 (April 11, 2016): 4853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518377113.
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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is the prototypical psychedelic drug, but its effects on the human brain have never been studied before with modern neuroimaging. Here, three complementary neuroimaging techniques: arterial spin labeling (ASL), blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) measures, and magnetoencephalography (MEG), implemented during resting state conditions, revealed marked changes in brain activity after LSD that correlated strongly with its characteristic psychological effects. Increased visual cortex cerebral blood flow (CBF), decreased visual cortex alpha power, and a greatly expanded primary visual cortex (V1) functional connectivity profile correlated strongly with ratings of visual hallucinations, implying that intrinsic brain activity exerts greater influence on visual processing in the psychedelic state, thereby defining its hallucinatory quality. LSD’s marked effects on the visual cortex did not significantly correlate with the drug’s other characteristic effects on consciousness, however. Rather, decreased connectivity between the parahippocampus and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) correlated strongly with ratings of “ego-dissolution” and “altered meaning,” implying the importance of this particular circuit for the maintenance of “self” or “ego” and its processing of “meaning.” Strong relationships were also found between the different imaging metrics, enabling firmer inferences to be made about their functional significance. This uniquely comprehensive examination of the LSD state represents an important advance in scientific research with psychedelic drugs at a time of growing interest in their scientific and therapeutic value. The present results contribute important new insights into the characteristic hallucinatory and consciousness-altering properties of psychedelics that inform on how they can model certain pathological states and potentially treat others.
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Kövecses, László. "Hungarian nationhood in the light of the ethnosymbolist theory." Ephemeris Hungarologica 3, no. 2 (2023): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53644/eh.2023.2.48.
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The objective of this paper is to trace the emergence of the ethnic consciousness of the Hungarians and their becoming an ethnie on the basis of the ethnosymbolist par- adigm’s six criteria. Subsequently, the article also presents the transformation from ethnicity to nationhood based on Anthony D. Smith’s model. From the perspective of the ethnosymbolist approach, the emergence of the Hungarian people can be dated to 970, and the birth of the Hungarian nation to 1848. When applying Smith’s model to the Hungarians, it can be concluded that the Hungarian people only became a nation after more than eight centuries of further transformations. All this suggests that eth- nosymbolism does not go astray in its search for an ‘ethnic core’ of modern nations back in the distant past. Rather, it would be more appropriate to reconsider wheth- er the term ‘nation’ can indeed be applied only within the ideological and temporal framework of historical modernity.
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Mannone, Maria, Antonio Chella, Giovanni Pilato, Valeria Seidita, Filippo Vella, and Salvatore Gaglio. "Modeling Robotic Thinking and Creativity: A Classic–Quantum Dialogue." Mathematics 12, no. 5 (February 22, 2024): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12050642.
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The human mind can be thought of as a black box, where the external inputs are elaborated in an unknown way and lead to external outputs. D’Ariano and Faggin schematized thinking and consciousness through quantum state dynamics. The complexity of mental states can be formalized through the entanglement of the so-called qualia states. Thus, the interaction between the mind and the external world can be formalized as an interplay between classical and quantum-state dynamics. Since quantum computing is more and more often being applied to robots, and robots constitute a benchmark to test schematic models of behavior, we propose a case study with a robotic dance, where the thinking and moving mechanisms are modeled according to quantum–classic decision making. In our research, to model the elaboration of multi-sensory stimuli and the following decision making in terms of movement response, we adopt the D’Ariano–Faggin formalism and propose a case study with improvised dance based on a collection of poses, whose combination is presented in response to external and periodic multi-sensory stimuli. We model the dancer’s inner state and reaction to classic stimuli through a quantum circuit. We present our preliminary results, discussing further lines of development.
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Wen, Luk Pui, Yap Kiew Heong, Angeline, and Lim Chee Hooi, Simon. "INTEGRATED REPORTING AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE." Management and Accounting Review (MAR) 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mar.v16i2.647.
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ABSTRACT
Although the consciousness of Integrated Reporting (IR) is increasing within Malaysian companies, how IR creates value for their business is not completely understood. This paper attempts to investigate the potential contribution of IR implementation to the financial performance of the top 50 Malaysian public listed companies during the period of 2012 to 2015. The eight (8) IR content elements from the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) framework are examined to predict the adoption rate of IR in relation to financial performance. This includes disclosure on organizational overview and external environment, governance, business model, risks and opportunities, strategy and resource allocation, performance, outlook, and basis of preparation and presentation. The data indicates that Malaysian PLCs reported more than 50% for every content element, except Basis of Preparation and Presentation (CE8). Data analysis indicates that among the eight (8) content elements, four (4) of them, namely governance, business model, risks and opportunities, and performance disclosure, have significant positive impact on financial performances. The finding of this paper provides insight into the contribution of IR in effecting the maintenance of business resilience and competitiveness in a fluctuating market. Therefore, this paper provides a significant impetus for implementation of IR among the Malaysian companies.
Keywords: Integrated Reporting, International Integrated Reporting Council, Malaysian Public Listed Companies, Return on Assets, Return on Equity
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Zorick, Todd, and Jason Smith. "Generalized Information Equilibrium Approaches to EEG Sleep Stage Discrimination." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6450126.
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Recent advances in neuroscience have raised the hypothesis that the underlying pattern of neuronal activation which results in electroencephalography (EEG) signals is via power-law distributed neuronal avalanches, while EEG signals are nonstationary. Therefore, spectral analysis of EEG may miss many properties inherent in such signals. A complete understanding of such dynamical systems requires knowledge of the underlying nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In recent work by Fielitz and Borchardt (2011, 2014), the concept of information equilibrium (IE) in information transfer processes has successfully characterized many different systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium. We utilized a publicly available database of polysomnogram EEG data from fourteen subjects with eight different one-minute tracings of sleep stage 2 and waking and an overlapping set of eleven subjects with eight different one-minute tracings of sleep stage 3. We applied principles of IE to model EEG as a system that transfers (equilibrates) information from the time domain to scalp-recorded voltages. We find that waking consciousness is readily distinguished from sleep stages 2 and 3 by several differences in mean information transfer constants. Principles of IE applied to EEG may therefore prove to be useful in the study of changes in brain function more generally.
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Liu, Deshan, Dixiang Song, Weihai Ning, Yuduo Guo, Ting Lei, Yanming Qu, Mingshan Zhang, et al. "Development and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model for Venous Thromboembolism Following Neurosurgery: A 6-Year, Multicenter, Retrospective and Prospective Diagnostic Cohort Study." Cancers 15, no. 22 (November 20, 2023): 5483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15225483.
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Background: Based on the literature and data on its clinical trials, the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing neurosurgery has been 3.0%~26%. We used advanced machine learning techniques and statistical methods to provide a clinical prediction model for VTE after neurosurgery. Methods: All patients (n = 5867) who underwent neurosurgery from the development and retrospective internal validation cohorts were obtained from May 2017 to April 2022 at the Department of Neurosurgery at the Sanbo Brain Hospital. The clinical and biomarker variables were divided into pre-, intra-, and postoperative. A univariate logistic regression (LR) was applied to explore the 67 candidate predictors with VTE. We used a multivariable logistic regression (MLR) to select all significant MLR variables of MLR to build the clinical risk prediction model. We used a random forest to calculate the importance of significant variables of MLR. In addition, we conducted prospective internal (n = 490) and external validation (n = 2301) for the model. Results: Eight variables were selected for inclusion in the final clinical prediction model: D-dimer before surgery, activated partial thromboplastin time before neurosurgery, age, craniopharyngioma, duration of operation, disturbance of consciousness on the second day after surgery and high dose of mannitol, and highest D-dimer within 72 h after surgery. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the development, retrospective internal validation, and prospective internal validation cohorts were 0.78, 0.77, and 0.79, respectively. The external validation set had the highest AUC value of 0.85. Conclusions: This validated clinical prediction model, including eight clinical factors and biomarkers, predicted the risk of VTE following neurosurgery. Looking forward to further research exploring the standardization of clinical decision-making for primary VTE prevention based on this model.
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Lee, Chengpang, and Ling Han. "Mothers and Moral Activists." Nova Religio 19, no. 3 (February 1, 2016): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2016.19.3.54.
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In this article we identify two models of women’s social engagement in contemporary Taiwanese Buddhism: mother and moral activist. The model of mother is represented by the famous Tzu Chi founder Shih Cheng Yen (b. 1937)—a Buddhist nun who is viewed by her followers as the embodiment of the compassionate mother ideal. The model of moral activist in contemporary Taiwanese Buddhism has received far less attention from scholars than Cheng Yen and Tzu Chi. However, in comparison to the model of mother, Taiwanese women who are moral activists actively challenge existing social institutions based on their Buddhist consciousness. This article discusses the nun Shih Chao-hwei (b. 1957) as representative of women moral activists and highlights two events—the public abandonment of the Eight Special Rules for nuns in 2001 and support for a lesbian wedding in 2012—to illustrate how moral activists challenge the existing patriarchal status quo. We argue that these two models of women’s social engagement are equally important in contemporary Taiwanese Buddhism and are the two important sources of women’s social engagement that aims to alleviate suffering and improve society.
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Kao, Chris, Jonathan A. Forbes, Walter J. Jermakowicz, David A. Sun, Brandon Davis, Jiepei Zhu, Andre H. Lagrange, and Peter E. Konrad. "Suppression of thalamocortical oscillations following traumatic brain injury in rats." Journal of Neurosurgery 117, no. 2 (August 2012): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.4.jns111170.
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Object Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often causes an encephalopathic state, corresponding amplitude suppression, and disorganization of electroencephalographic activity. Clinical recovery in patients who have suffered TBI varies, and identification of patients with a poor likelihood of functional recovery is not always straightforward. The authors sought to investigate temporal patterns of electrophysiological recovery of neuronal networks in an animal model of TBI. Because thalamocortical circuit function is a critical determinant of arousal state, as well as electroencephalography organization, these studies were performed using a thalamocortical brain slice preparation. Methods Adult rats received a moderate parietal fluid-percussion injury and were allowed to survive for 1 hour, 2 days, 7 days, or 15 days prior to in vitro electrophysiological recording. Thalamocortical brain slices, 450-μm thick, were prepared using a cutting angle that preserved reciprocal connections between the somatosensory cortex and the ventrobasal thalamic complex. Results Extracellular recordings in the cortex of uninjured control brain slices revealed spontaneous slow cortical oscillations (SCOs) that are blocked by (2R)-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (50 μM) and augmented in low [Mg2+]o. These oscillations have been shown to involve simultaneous bursts of activity in both the cortex and thalamus and are used here as a metric of thalamocortical circuit integrity. They were absent in 84% of slices recorded at 1 hour postinjury, and activity slowly recovered to approximate control levels by Day 15. The authors next used electrically evoked SCO-like potentials to determine neuronal excitability and found that the maximum depression occurred slightly later, on Day 2 following TBI, with only 28% of slices showing evoked activity. In addition, stimulus intensities needed to create evoked SCO activity were elevated at 1 hour, 2 days, and 7 days following TBI, and eventually returned to control levels by Day 15. The SCO frequency remained low throughout the 15 days following TBI (40% of control by Day 15). Conclusions The suppression of cortical oscillatory activity following TBI observed in the rat model suggests an injury-induced functional disruption of thalamocortical networks that gradually recovers to baseline at approximately 15 days postinjury. The authors speculate that understanding the processes underlying disrupted thalamocortical circuit function may provide important insights into the biological basis of altered consciousness following severe head injury. Moreover, understanding the physiological basis for this process may allow us to develop new therapies to enhance the rate and extent of neurological recovery following TBI.
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Lu, Allan Cheng Chieh, and Dogan Gursoy. "A conceptual model of consumers’ online tourism confusion." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 27, no. 6 (August 10, 2015): 1320–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-04-2014-0171.
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Purpose – This study aims to develop a conceptual model demonstrating the antecedents and outcomes of consumers’ online tourism information confusion. Design/methodology/approach – A deductive approach was utilized to propose eight variables as antecedents of online confusion and five confusion reduction strategies as outcomes of consumers’ online tourism confusion. The underlying mechanisms in which these variables might lead to consumers’ online tourism information confusion are elaborated using elaboration likelihood model (ELM) (Petty and Cacioppo, 1986) as the major theoretical underpinning. Findings – The model indicates that consumers could experience overload, similarity and ambiguity confusion when the information acquired is too much, too similar and/or too vague. In addition, as suggested by the ELM (Petty and Cacioppo, 1986), online users who are low in learning orientation, price consciousness, cognition need and Internet experience and high in ambiguity tolerance are more likely to experience confusion because of their lower motivation/ability to process external stimuli. Research limitations/implications – One limitation of this study is the lack of empirical test of the proposed model. Another limitation is that only five individual characteristics that might make online consumers prone to confusion were included. Other variables related to individual differences that could influence confusion should be explored as well. Practical implications – This paper provides valuable implications for online tourism marketers to address consumers’ confusion during information search process. Five individual characteristics proposed as important antecedents of consumers’ confusion can be utilized by online tourism marketers to develop customized online communication strategies for different segments. Originality/value – This paper is one of the few studies that connect the concept of consumers’ confusion to the online tourism field as well as discuss the concept of consumers’ confusion through the integration of information provider and recipients’ perspective.
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Stansfield, Maree L., Alison McIntosh, and Jill Poulston. "Hospitality artisan entrepreneurs’ perspectives of sustainability." Hospitality & Society 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/hosp_00026_1.
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Artisan entrepreneurs are argued to be creative disruptors of business norms influencing societal, political and economic change. Yet, studies of small- and medium-sized hospitality artisan enterprises are few, especially studies of their sustainability practice. This interpretive study used qualitative in-depth interviews with eight New Zealand hospitality operators who are deemed artisan entrepreneurs to glean exploratory insights into their perspectives of sustainability in their enterprises. Thematic analysis revealed four overarching conceptual themes that captured the artisans’ journeys against the tide of conventional business mores towards sustainable practice. The themes were the backstory, a road less travelled, tribe of journey-makers and rewards of the journey. The findings highlight that the sustainable hospitality business model demands much more than the conventional equivalent. As such, the findings reveal a sustainability consciousness as the driving motive and important starting point. The study also provides some evidence to confirm hospitality artisan entrepreneurs as creative disruptors in the global sustainable business agenda.
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Ferreira, Alcina G., and Filipe J. Coelho. "Product involvement, price perceptions, and brand loyalty." Journal of Product & Brand Management 24, no. 4 (July 20, 2015): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-06-2014-0623.
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Purpose – This paper aims to contribute to the literature on brand loyalty by illustrating the mechanisms through which product involvement influences brand loyalty. In doing so, the study is original in considering the mediating role of the multidimensional price perceptions’ construct. Design/methodology/approach – Two thousand questionnaires were distributed in two shopping malls, yielding a sample of 535 consumers, covering eight different grocery products. To test the hypothesized model, the authors relied on structural equation modelling. Findings – Product involvement influences on brand loyalty are partially mediated by price perceptions. This is a novel finding. Moreover, product involvement relates positively to six price perceptions, and this is also original. As expected, value consciousness and sale proneness are detrimental to brand loyalty, whereas price – quality schema contributes to it. Unexpectedly, however, price consciousness, sale proneness and price mavenism are positively related to loyalty. Practical implications – Managers can improve brand loyalty by increasing consumers’ product involvement, by reducing the reliance on a value-for-money orientation and on non-coupon promotions and by focusing on lower or higher prices and on coupon promotions and emphasizing a price – quality association. Originality/value – The product involvement/brand loyalty relationship has been characterized by mixed findings. This paper contributes to this debate by clarifying the mechanisms through which involvement relates to loyalty. In doing this, this paper also innovates by investigating the relationship between involvement and the multidimensional price perceptions’ construct. In this process, this paper also inquires how seven price perceptions relate to brand loyalty, with novel findings emerging.
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Wolf, Harald, Sophie Frantal, Gholam S. Pajenda, Olivia Salameh, Harald Widhalm, Stefan Hajdu, and Kambiz Sarahrudi. "Predictive value of neuromarkers supported by a set of clinical criteria in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase on trial." Journal of Neurosurgery 118, no. 6 (June 2013): 1298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.1.jns121181.
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Object The role of the neuromarkers S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in minor head injury is well established. Moreover, there are sensitive decision rules available in the literature to identify clinically important brain lesions. However, it is not clear if using the biomarkers has an influence on the predictability of the decision rule. The purpose of this study was to determine if a set of preclinical and clinical parameters combined with 2 neuromarker levels could serve as reliable guidance for accurate diagnosis. Methods Prospective evaluation of a cohort of head trauma patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 13–15 was performed at an academic, Level I trauma center. Blood samples and cranial CT studies were obtained for all patients within 3 hours after injury. The hypothesis of the study was whether the combination of an increase of S100B and NSE levels in serum and other defined risk factors are associated with a pathological finding on CT. A forward stepwise logistic regression model was used. Results The study included 107 head trauma patients with a mean age of 59 ± 23 years. Twenty-five patients (23.4%) had traumatic lesions on CT. Eight patients underwent craniotomy. The analysis provided a model with good overall accuracy for discriminating cases with clinically important brain injury, including the 6 variables of S100B, NSE, nausea, amnesia, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88 (0.83–0.93). The receiver operating characteristic curve plots detecting clinically important brain injury for the single variables of S100B and NSE showed an AUC of 0.63 and 0.64, respectively. Conclusions The integration of the neuromarker panel as part of a diagnostic rule including the high-risk factors of nausea, vomiting, amnesia, and loss of consciousness is safe and reliable in determining a diagnosis, pending the availability of more brain-specific neuromarkers. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00622778 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Zhang, Chongyan. "Enhancing Socially Responsible Leadership for Undergraduate Students in Thailand: A Quantitative Model." International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews 3, no. 6 (November 19, 2023): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.60027/ijsasr.2023.3777.
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Background and Aims: With the need for social profits and benefits in social development, Thailand needs to train their future leaders to possess leadership value-based, participated, purposed, and non-authoritative to resolve emerging social issues like social inequity, environmental pollution, democratic development, etc.; consequently, socially responsible leadership is a sort of tool can solve the problems and make better for society in Thailand; the research would conduct the five objectives in the researcher to propose a suitable model for enhancing socially responsible leadership for undergraduate students in Thailand: 1) to find what levels of socially responsible leadership are for university students in Thailand; 2) to find what levels of involvement frequency in activities can advance socially responsible leadership for university students in Thailand; 3) to determine whether there is a significant difference between student demographics and socially responsible leadership for university students in Thailand; 4) to determine whether there is a significant relationship between leadership activities and socially responsible leadership for university students in Thailand; 5) to propose a suitable model for developing socially responsible leadership for university students in Thailand. Materials and Methods: The researcher conducted the three theories: the social change model of leadership, the four types of leadership activities that can enhance socially responsible leadership for undergraduate students, and demographics of students; the research quantitative analysis and modeling; the duration of collecting data was in 6 months; there were 600 valid data from five representative universities in Bangkok, Thailand; then, the researcher would conduct model validation by five scholars from the universities in Bangkok, Thailand and an evaluation model as the CIPP. Results: The research includes the following findings: 1) there were eight dimensions of socially responsible leadership in higher education context in Thailand: commitment, controversy with civility, congruence, change, consciousness of self, collaboration, common purpose, citizenship; 2) there were the four types of leadership activities can enhance socially responsible leadership in higher education in Thailand: game related activities, student organizational and interesting club activities, classroom activities and leadership workshops; 3) there were three types of students who need to enhance the leadership: males, aged less than 18, and first-year level; 4) the researcher found almost the four types of leadership activities can be associated with the eight dimensions of socially responsible leadership (p<.05) ; 5) according to the results of model validation, the five scholars approved the model has possibilities to enhance socially responsible leadership for undergraduates in Thailand by given scores (≥0.60). Conclusions: The model advises enhancing socially responsible leadership for undergraduates, males aged under 18, and first-year students in higher education in Thailand and higher education institutions in Thailand, which could lead to the four types of leadership activities appropriately. Furthermore, the model can provide practical paradigms for developing socially responsible leadership for related stakeholders concerned with student development in higher education in Thailand.
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Solodov, Alexander A. "Statistical analysis of the formation mechanism of concepts-representations in organizational and technical systems." Statistics and Economics 15, no. 4 (September 4, 2018): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2018-4-70-76.
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The aim of the research is the analytical description of one of the modules of the organizational and technical system, designed for the formation of sensual images and their transformation into concepts-representations. Within the framework of the computer paradigm in organizational and technical systems, such obvious principles as digital representation of information and its processing with the use of algorithms implemented by computing means are used. The success of the computer paradigm application is certainly impressive, but there are clearly situations in which human consciousness operates much more efficiently, interpreting the unconventional, the new situation with the aim of formulating an adequate response. In this regard, attempts to model some mechanisms of human consciousness within the framework of the cognitive approach are of great interest. In accordance with the ideas of cognitive theory in the human brain, images (schemes, categories, gestalts, systems, archetypes, etc.) are formed and then are processed. It is assumed that the resulting images are those effects that are then processed, perceived, used by the organizational and technical system for the formation of concepts-representations. Concept representation is a generalized sensual-visual image of the object or phenomenon and is characterized by a number of features, the number of which may vary in the course of the system operation.The method of Markov chains is used to study the statistical characteristics of the mechanism of formation of concepts-representations. It is assumed that the formation of sensual images and their transformation into concepts-representations occurs at random moments of time. The module of concept-representation formation can be in one of two states that correspond to the logic of its functioning – either its state does not change, or when a new concept-representation is formed, the state of the module changes. A stochastic matrix of one step transient probabilities, characterizing changes in the module states and corresponding initial probabilities of states is introduced. Because of application of the theory of Markov chains with two states, the relations for the probabilities of the module states through an arbitrary number of steps, as well as asymptotic expressions for the probabilities of states are given. The graphs of the module state probabilities change depending on the number of circuit steps, initial probabilities, probabilities of one-step transitions of the stochastic matrix are presented.Analytical expressions and corresponding graphs for the average number of stays in the module of a particular state are obtained, which are interpreted as the average number of corrections of essential features of concepts-representations. The asymptotic relations for the number of corrections are obtained, and the error of the approximate asymptotic relations is estimated.Thus, the paper formulates a very general model of the random process of formation of sensual images and their transformation into concepts-representations. The key task of the practical application of the model is to analyze the logic of the functioning of a particular organizational and technical system and to determine on this basis the parameters appearing in the model.
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Zvonko, H. O. "FIGURATIVE FEATURES OF THE TRANSFORMATION CONCEPT IN THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE." Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, no. 68 (1) (2021): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2021.1.06.
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The article reveals the features of the figurative component as an active resource of linguistic objectification of the TRANSFORMATION concept. It was found that conceptual metaphor is the main mechanism of conceptualization of the idea of transformation. Metaphorical models are universal, but their specific content reflects the difference between real and mythological, possible or imaginary transformation. The study of the TRANSFORMATION concept through the prism of a metaphorical environment is due to the fact that it is abstract. The source for the formation of metaphors is the knowledge about animate and inanimate nature. Describing the phenomena of transformation, the native speaker of the Ukrainian language correlates them with what he already knows, and the characteristic on which the similarity is based, indicates the existence of a certain parallelism between the known and the unknown. These are the general grounds for revealing the figurative features of the TRANSFORMATION concept. The description of the main models of realization of figurative resources of the TRANSFORMATION concept in the Ukrainian language allowed to find that figurative means of the studied concept which make peripheral zone of its field structure, in the Ukrainian language are realized by means of the following eight models: vital-mortal, anthropomorphic, artefactual-attributive, zoomorphic, vegetative, colorative, spatial-temporal and model, the object or subject of which is the first elements of existence. The vital-mortal model is formed by vital and mortal features, which reveal the representations of the TRANSFORMATION concept in the human consciousness in the form or image of a living being. The anthropomorphic model is formed by social, emotional and mental features that characterize the phenomenon of transformation.
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f, f., and f. f. "“Art on the Chain”: A Metacosmic Perspective on the Development and Aesthetic Value of NFT Digital Art." Society for Chinese Humanities in Korea 85 (December 31, 2023): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35955/jch.2023.12.85.503.
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The integration of digital technology with cultural consciousness has led to its widespread use in the field of culture and art. Digital art has become a popular cultural phenomenon, promoting the development of this field. As digital art gains wider acceptance as a form of artistic expression, it is increasingly used in creative works. This paper focuses on digital art as a research subject to explore its design thinking and aesthetic value. This text presents a systematic analysis of the current situation and attributes of NFT digital art, including its financial and social domain attributes. Practical cases are used to illustrate the emergence of NFT digital art in Chinese culture and market. The relationship between NFT digital art and aesthetics is thoroughly examined in terms of aesthetic thinking. The study also delves into the redefinition of aesthetics in the digital era, offering new perspectives on its future development. This paper focuses on the artistic creation of NFT digital art in historical restoration, virtual reality, and augmented reality experiences. It reveals the value transcendence of NFT digital art in the historical meta-universe. The paper forms a value-generating circuit model of NFT artwork starting from technology through theoretical sorting and multi-level comparison. The meta-universe field is the subject of study, with a focus on the centralized, decentralized, and de-centralized artwork value negotiation modes of digital auction platforms, virtual art communities, and interactive art worlds. The text comprehensively discusses the evolutionary trends of technical and economic value bubbles, social and usage value highlighting, and aesthetic and contextual value stabilization presented by NFT artworks.
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Kurata, Hirofumi, Kengo Saito, Fumiaki Kawashima, Takuya Ikenari, Masayoshi Oguri, Yoshiaki Saito, Yoshihiro Maegaki, and Tetsuji Mori. "Developing a mouse model of acute encephalopathy using low-dose lipopolysaccharide injection and hyperthermia treatment." Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, no. 9 (May 2, 2019): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219846497.
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Acute encephalopathy (AE) is mainly reported in East Asia and, in most cases, results from pediatric viral infections, leading to fever, seizure, and loss of consciousness. Cerebral edema is the most important pathological symptom of AE. At present, AE is classified into four categories based on clinical and pathophysiological features, and cytokine storm-induced AE is the severest among them. The pathogenesis of AE is currently unclear; this can be attributed to the lack of a simple and convenient animal model for research. Here, we hypothesized that the induction of systemic inflammation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection followed by hyperthermia (HT) treatment can be used to develop an animal model of cytokine storm-induced AE. Postnatal eight-day-old mouse pups were intraperitoneally injected with low-dose LPS (50 or 100 µg/kg) followed by HT treatment (41.5°C, 30 min). Histological analysis of their brains was subsequently performed. Fluorescein isothiocyanate assay combined with immunohistochemistry was used to elucidate blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. LPS (100 µg/kg) injection followed by HT treatment increased BBB permeability in the cerebral cortex and induced microglial activation. Astrocytic clasmatodendrosis was also evident. The brains of some pups exhibited small ischemic lesions, particularly in the cerebral cortex. Our results indicate that a low-dose LPS injection followed by HT treatment can produce symptoms of cytokine storm-induced AE, which is observed in diseases, such as acute necrotizing encephalopathy and hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome. Thus, this mouse model can help to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying AE. Impact statement Acute encephalopathy (AE), mainly reported in East Asia, is classified into four categories based on clinical and neuropathological findings. Among them, AE caused by cytokine storm is known as the severest clinical entity that causes cerebral edema with poor prognosis. Because suitable and convenient model animal of AE had not been developed, the treatment of patients with AE is not established. In the present study, we established a simple and convenient protocol to mimic AE due to cytokine storm. Our model animal should be useful to elucidate the pathogenesis of AE.
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Stansfield, Maree Louise. "Hospitality artisans and sustainability." Hospitality Insights 2, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v2i1.29.
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This article reports the findings of a study identifing modern artisans as potential harbingers of the hospitality fraternity, claiming an authentic sustainability consciousness embedded in the hospitality business DNA is a key ingredient toward success. The ‘DNA’ finding helps identify the importance and necessity for hospitality operators to reflect on their reasoning for pursuing a sustainable business model over the conventional equivalent. Artisans influence significant societal, economic and political change. With so much concern around sustainability, and the revival of artisan production, hospitality artisans are likely contemporary versions of their historic namesakes.
History portrays artisans as entrepreneurial, status-quo disrupters, challengers of social problems, and positive influences on the well-being of society [1–3]. It is said that the radical artisan voice revolted against a dehumanised way of life, cared for its society and was instrumental in generating hope for a better future [3]. Similarly, modern-day artisans identified with their historic counterparts and described their potential contribution to societal change in a sustainability context as hospitality artisans. A research participant demonstrated this:
And you look at where potential problems are in the food supply, you know if you want to create a dynamic food supply you need to encourage it. It’s the small artisan producers which are on the cutting edge that influence the major cultural values of a country. (Research participant)
Indeed, the success of a hospitality sustainable business model lies in an operator’s ability to understand, generate and embed a mind-set in the business that insists on environmental stewardship, social well-being and economic success. All eight artisans interviewed in this study demonstrated high levels of perseverance, innovation and like-minded network building when faced with obstacles that threatened their sustainable business model. Sustainability was deeply entrenched in what one referred to as his ‘backstory’, and in the ‘DNA’ of their businesses, and this appeared to fuel their determination when faced with challenges. Their spheres-of-influence (customers, regulatory bodies, industry and education providers) were at times perceived as road-blocks, hindering their sustainability-focused intentions. When this occurred, the artisans moved from being impacted stakeholders within a sphere-of-influence and, instead, turned into agents of change. They created, used and developed innovative mechanisms, internal policies, educational processes, and built tribes of enabling like-minded others to foster their sustainability practices. The sustainability consciousness provides the fuel and resilience to navigate a new and progressive pathway to operational success. The artisans demonstrated an unrelenting drive to practice sustainable principles and found ways of overcoming any hurdles they came up against. The artisans, like their historic namesakes, were agents of change and the following research extract showcases the sustainability consciousness in action:
I think the more you make something exciting and sustainable the norm that’s how you can change the world. You don’t change it by sitting back doing nothing and waiting for someone else to do it and sipping on your Coca-Cola hoping that some other person’s gonna save the boat, when it’s filling full of water. If you want to change the world you know you need to get off your arse and do it. (Research participant)
This study sought to find practical solutions for hospitality operators considering the less-travelled road of sustainability. The artisans articulated why they were so intent on a sustainable business model, and this reasoning manifested as the sustainable DNA of their hospitality operation – the most important element enabling them to put this into action. This is important for operators because it illustrates the level of resilience and determination needed to embark on a less conventional business journey and to create, operate and maintain a successful and sustainable hospitality business. Most significantly, however, it suggests to operators that it may not be enough to know ‘how’ to operationalise sustainability in a practical sense. This study’s findings illustrated that a sustainable model demands so much more from an operator than the conventional equivalent. It must be recognised that it may not even be enough if the operator has an entrepreneurial mind-set. It is advisable that the operators reflect on ‘why’ they want to pursue a sustainable business model. The importance of an authentic sustainability consciousness is highlighted as a more favourable starting point from which to orientate the journey and realise success.
Forward thinking hospitality operators will choose to navigate a sustainability-focused road, currently a road less travelled. Primarily, at the root of change, is the progressive thinking hospitality operator, an artisan producer with a sustainable consciousness that manifests as the resilience and fuel to carve a new road.
More information about this study is in the master’s thesis document [4]. Pending examiners’ approval, the thesis can be accessed from AUT scholarly commons: https://tuwhera.aut.ac.nz/open-theses. Currently, a copy is available from the author.
Corresponding author
Maree Stansfield can be contacted at mareelouisestansfield@gmail.com
References
(1) Chartist Poetry. The Northern Star and Leeds General Advertiser Dec 4, 1841. British Library website. http://bit.ly/2l7LLKv (accessed Jun 15, 2018).
(2) Howell, M. C. Fixing Movables: Gifts by Testament in Late Medieval Douai. Past & Present 1996, 150(1), 3–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/past/150.1.3 (3) Lucie-Smith, E. The Story of Craft: The Craftsman's Role in Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981.
(4) Stansfield, M. L. Exploring How Hospitality Artisans Operationalise Sustainability: “How Do They Do It?”; Master’s Thesis, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, 2016.
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Liu, Yanchun. "Literary and dialect variants of the lexical-semantic field of “vred” (harm): comparative aspect." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 1 (2022): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/78/17.
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This paper compares the semantic structure and motivational characteristics of the lexical-semantic field of “vred” (harm) in the literary and dialectal Russian language. The analysis has shown the similarity of the conceptual basis for dividing the field into subfields in the literary language and dialects (“harm to the health of the subject,” “harm to the material condition of the subject,” “harm to the life of the subject and society (in general)”). The comparison of fields in terms of motivation revealed eight motivational models with different lexical representations in the literary language and dialects: three are widely represented in the Russian literary language and dialects, while five are much less productive. Absolute superiority in the quantitative realization of dialects compared with the literary language is observed in the motivational model “vred / vrednyy / vredit’” (harm / harmful / to harm), “a magical action, when the evil eye brings the subject into a painful, unnatural state,” indicating the traces of the pagan (in the form of superstition) worldview of traditional culture bearers. Combining the synchronic approach analysis with the diachronic one allowed revealing the historical depth of the formation of the concept “harm” and definite stability in its modeling since the Proto-Slavonic period. With the historical variation of the conceptual basis for the division of the field into subfields in the literary language and dialects, the similarity identified indicates the general structure of the fragment in question of the linguistic picture of the world in the national consciousness.
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Shao, Yan, Cai-Juan Wu, Youjun Mao, Dong-Mei Li, Yun-Zhou Wang, and Kang Zhu. "Effect of Risk-Focused Diversified Safety Management Mode in Patients with Major Artery Stent Implantation." Emergency Medicine International 2022 (September 30, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1284254.
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Background. Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) causes a series of neurological symptoms, such as vertigo, impaired consciousness, limb weakness, ataxia, dysphagia, ocular motility disorders, and visual impairment. With the improvement of people’s living standards, there are higher requirements for nursing care. Nursing, as an indispensable part of medical care, is closely related to achieving the goal of patient’s safety and the overall quality of nurses, quality of care, and nursing management methods. Objective. To explore the effect of risk-centered diversified safety management in patients undergoing aortic stenting. Methods. Eighty patients with cerebral infarction were selected and treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation (PTAS). Then they were divided into a control group (40 cases) with routine monitoring and an experimental group (40 cases) with risk-focused intervention of a diversified safety management model according to the mode of care. Patient satisfaction and blood index test results were compared after the intervention. Results. Patients in the experimental group had 6 falls, 3 bed falls, 3 phlebitis, 4 tube slips, and 10 deep vein thrombosis, all significantly fewer than those in the control group. Thirty-eight patients in the experimental group expressed satisfaction with safe management, which was substantially better than the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The levels of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PA1-1), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the experimental group were (13.5 ± 1.3) ng/mL, (60.1 ± 9.9) ng/mL, and (2.1 ± 0.2), respectively, which were substantially lower than those in the control group ((14.6 ± 2.4) ng/mL, (64.2 ± 10.7) ng/mL, and (2.8 ± 0.3)), respectively ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The risk-centered diversified safety management model can effectively reduce the probability of adverse events in patients, improve patient satisfaction with nursing services, and promote faster postoperative recovery, which has clinical application value.
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Kazama, Tomiei, Kazuyuki Ikeda, Koji Morita, Takehiko Ikeda, Mutsuhito Kikura, and Shigehito Sato. "Relation between Initial Blood Distribution Volume and Propofol Induction Dose Requirement." Anesthesiology 94, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200102000-00007.
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Background Propofol induction dose is variable and depends on many factors, including initial volume of distribution and early disposition. The authors hypothesized that preadministration blood distribution volumes, cardiac output (CO), and hepatic blood flow (HBF) could be examined to establish a propofol induction dose. Methods Propofol dose required to reach loss of consciousness, when infused at infusion rate per lean body mass (LBM) of 40 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1), was determined in 75 patients aged 11-85 yr. CO, blood volume (BV), central blood volume (CBV), and HBF were measured with indocyanine green pulse spectrophotometry. Univariate least squares linear regression analysis was used to individually analyze the relation between propofol induction dose and patient characteristics, including LBM, baseline distribution volumes, CO, and HBF. Stepwise multiple linear regression models were used to select important predictors of induction dose. Results Although there was a significant correlation between the induction dose and each of the eight variables of age, sex, LBM, hemoglobin, CO, BV, CBV, and HBF, only factors of age (partial r = -0.655), LBM (partial r = 0.325), CBV (partial r = 0.540), and HBF (partial r = 0.357) were independently associated with the induction dose (R2 = 0.85) when all variables were included in a multivariate model. Conclusions At a constant propofol infusion rate of 40 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) as a function of LBM in patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, the induction dose can be determined from four variables: age, LBM, CBV, and HBF.
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Korpysa, Jaroslaw, Uma Shankar Singh, and Swapnil Singh. "Validation of Decision Criteria and Determining Factors Importance in Advocating for Sustainability of Entrepreneurial Startups towards Social Inclusion and Capacity Building." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 21, 2023): 9938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15139938.
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The main goal of the study is to assess the decision criteria and the determining factors for the sustainability of entrepreneurial startups in order to contribute towards social inclusion and capacity building. Both concepts are in the development phase and are the outcome of entrepreneurial ecosystem and individual behavior and traits. The current study observed the research problem as entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial startups are the continuous phenomena required for every economy. The lack of an efficient ecosystem and incompetent trait of an entrepreneur brings the entrepreneurial startup to failure. Therefore, an assessment of decision criteria and determining factors categorizing them by their importance may provide the requirements to lead to a successful entrepreneurial startup, contributing to social inclusion and capacity building. The study solved the research problem by statistical assessment of decision criteria and determining factors and categorizing them by their importance may provide the requirements to lead to a successful entrepreneurial startup. The research is built on research questions, objectives, a conceptual model, and a hypothesis, which are tested based on the data collected. The collection of data was done through a survey questionnaire on a sample of established entrepreneurs. The study concludes that the five components of decision criteria are region, competition, funding opportunities, tax system, and country economic situation, whereas eight determining factors, consciousness and reliability, pursuit of results, flexibility, stress resistance, skills of identification and exploitation of potential market opportunities, leadership, creativity and innovation, and delegation of decision-making, are required for a successful entrepreneurial startup to be able to work towards social inclusion and capacity building.
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Hamdani, Ahmad, Idris Gautama So, Amalia E. Maulana, and Asnan Furinto. "How Can Conspicuous Omni-Signaling Fulfil Social Needs and Induce Re-Consumption?" Sustainability 15, no. 11 (June 2, 2023): 9015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15119015.
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This study investigated consumer behaviors in conspicuous omni-signaling—its internal motivations and its consequences on social needs fulfilment and re-consumption intention in the context of luxury fashion. A phenomenon of conspicuous consumption is identified with the consumption and display of conspicuous goods to signal status, wealth, and prestige. Digital development has made conspicuous signaling radically emerge in social media through the posting of photos, videos, or stories of luxury goods. This drives an emerging phenomenon of conspicuous omni-signaling, the use of both offline and online media to signal conspicuous consumption hybridlike. As a new phenomenon, little is known of consumer behaviors related to conspicuous omni-signaling. To facilitate the investigation, an online survey was conducted to collect data from 474 valid respondents across eight cities representing various conspicuous consumption characteristics of Indonesian consumers. Veblen’s conspicuous consumption and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theories were employed as the main lens for analysis. PLS-SEM technique was employed as the research model uses mixed reflective and formative constructs. WarpPLS 7.0 was then used for data analysis. The results indicated that luxury values and fashion consciousness positively affect conspicuous omni-signaling. This study also found that conspicuous omni-signaling affects conspicuous re-consumption both directly and indirectly through social needs fulfilment. This study contributes to extend the concept of conspicuous offline consumption and conspicuous online consumption to conspicuous omni-signaling. This study also confirms conflicting results in the effect of conspicuous consumption on social needs fulfilment, and conflicting results in the effect of conspicuous consumption on conspicuous re-consumption.
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Talbot, Nick P., Andrew D. Farmery, and Keith L. Dorrington. "End-tidal Sevoflurane and Halothane Concentrations during Simulated Airway Occlusion in Healthy Humans." Anesthesiology 111, no. 2 (August 1, 2009): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181ac1d7b.
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Background In a patient whose airway is likely to become obstructed upon loss of consciousness, anesthesia may be induced using an inhaled vapor. If the airway occludes during such an inhalational induction, the speed of patient awakening is related to the rate at which anesthetic gas redistributes away from lung and brain to other body compartments. To determine whether redistribution occurs more rapidly with a more blood-soluble or a less blood-soluble agent, the authors used subanesthetic concentrations of halothane and sevoflurane to simulate inhalational induction and airway obstruction in eight healthy human volunteers. Methods Inhalational induction was simulated using stepwise increases in inspired halothane or sevoflurane concentration, sufficient to reach an end-tidal concentration of approximately 0.1 minimal alveolar concentration. Airway occlusion was then simulated by initiating a 90-s period of rebreathing from a 1-l bag. During rebreathing, end-tidal halothane or sevoflurane concentration was measured continuously by mass spectrometry, and a time constant for the decline in concentration was calculated using a monoexponential model. Results At the onset of rebreathing, end-tidal concentrations of halothane and sevoflurane were 0.10 +/- 0.03 and 0.11 +/- 0.03 minimal alveolar concentration, respectively (mean +/- SD; P > 0.1, Student t test). During rebreathing, the time constants for the decline in end-tidal halothane and sevoflurane concentration were 22 +/- 9 and 62 +/- 16 s, respectively (P < 0.0001). Conclusions During simulated airway occlusion in healthy volunteers, the end-tidal concentration of halothane falls more rapidly than that of sevoflurane. Halothane may therefore lead to more rapid awakening, compared with sevoflurane, should the airway obstruct during an inhalational induction of anesthesia.
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Pevy, Nathan, Heidi Christensen, Traci Walker, and Markus Reuber. "02 Predicting the cause of TLOC using an automated analysis of interactions with a virtual agent." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 94, no. 12 (November 15, 2023): e2.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2023-bnpa.17.
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Objectives/AimsA clinical decision tool for Transient Loss of Consciousness (TLOC) could reduce misdiagnosis rates and waiting times. Most clinical decision tools fail to stratify between the three most common causes of TLOC (epilepsy, functional (dissociative) seizures, and syncope) or are hindered by the challenging differentiation between epilepsy and FDS. Based on previous research describing differences in spoken accounts of epileptic and nonepileptic seizures, this study explored the feasibility of predicting the cause of TLOC by combining the automated analysis of patient-reported symptoms and spoken TLOC descriptions.MethodParticipants completed an online web application that consisted of a 34-item medical history and symptom questionnaire (iPEP) and interaction with a virtual agent (VA) that asked eight questions about the most recent experience of TLOC. Support Vector Machines (SVM) were trained using different combinations of features and nested leave-one-out cross validation. The iPEP provided a baseline performance. Three language-based feature sets were created: features designed to measure formulation effort, features that measured the proportion of words from different semantic categories, and features based on verb, adverb, and adjective usage. Two methods of integrating the iPEP and language features were compared. Method one involved training a single SVM model using all features and all diagnoses. Method two used a ‘model stacking’ approach whereby predictions of epilepsy or FDS from the iPEP model were passed into a second stage language analysis to improve this differential diagnosis.Results76 participants completed the application (Epilepsy = 24, FDS = 36, syncope = 16). Only 61 participants also completed the VA interaction (Epilepsy = 20, FDS = 29, syncope = 12). The iPEP model accurately predicted 65.8% of diagnoses. For the binary classification between epilepsy and FDS, the three language feature sets predicted the diagnosis with an accuracy between 75.5–85.7%. Combining the iPEP and language features resulted in an overall accuracy of 59% for the first integration method and 85.5% for method two (model stacking).ConclusionThese findings suggest that an automated analysis of TLOC descriptions collected using an online web application and VA could improve the accuracy of current clinical decisions tools for TLOC and facilitate clinical stratification processes (such as the appropriate referral to cardiological versus neurological investigation and management pathways). Future research should aim to improve the baseline performance of the iPEP and explore methods for analysing TLOC descriptions from patients with syncope that can improve the identification of this diagnostic group.
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Farrag, Dalia Abdelrahman. "The young luxury consumer in Qatar." Young Consumers 18, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-06-2017-00702.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the factors influencing Qatari youth’s attitude toward luxury brands and intentions to purchase luxury brands. The appetite for luxury spending in the Gulf region and specifically in Qatar is accelerating even with the fall in oil prices and faltering economic growth. Design/methodology/approach Both qualitative research in the form of in-depth interviews and quantitative research in the form of survey were utilized in this study. Initially, eight in-depth interviews were conducted with luxury store owners and/or salespersons to identify the most important factors influencing attitude toward luxury brands. Furthermore, 330 Qatari respondents between the ages from 16 to 25 years were interviewed via a mall-interception method at two different malls with high-end/ luxury stores in Doha. Structural equation modeling using AMOS was run to analyze the hypothesized relationships between variables and test the model fit. Findings The findings indicated the overall fitness of the model. More specifically, the results indicated that fashion involvement, brand consciousness, social comparison and experiential needs have a significant impact on attitude toward luxury brands and consequently on their purchasing intentions. Research limitations/implications This study has several limitations. A more comprehensive framework can be proposed including more variables that may also influence the attitude of youth toward purchasing luxury, for example, brand prominence, vanity and functional value. Comparative studies across demographics (e.g. male vs female and adult vs young luxury buyers) as well as across different cultures and countries can also provide interesting insights related to luxury purchasing behavior among youth. Developing a typology for Qatari luxury consumers can also be very insightful, specifically for supporting brand owners in fine-tuning their marketing and targeting strategies. Finally, other moderating variables like influence of social media or peer influence can also be considered in future studies. Originality/value The study sheds light on a significantly important and emerging phenomenon; the increasing consumption of luxury in the gulf region and specifically in Qatar in an attempt to understand the main drivers to their attitude toward luxury brands in general.
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Dolmans, Louis Servaas, Frans Rutten, Marie-Louise E. L. Bartelink, Ewoud J. van Dijk, Paul J. Nederkoorn, Jaap Kappelle, and Arno W. Hoes. "Serum biomarkers in patients suspected of transient ischaemic attack in primary care: a diagnostic accuracy study." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e031774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031774.
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ObjectiveThe diagnosis of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) based on symptoms and signs can be challenging and would greatly benefit from a rapid serum biomarker of brain ischaemia. We aimed to quantify the added diagnostic value of serum biomarkers in patients suspected of TIA beyond symptoms and signs.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study with a 6-month follow-up period. Participants were patients suspected of TIA by the general practitioner (GP) in whom a blood sample could be collected within 72 hours from symptom onset. A research nurse visited the participant for the blood sample and a standardised interview. The GP referred participants to the regional TIA service. An expert panel of three neurologists classified cases as TIA, minor stroke or any other diagnosis, based on all available diagnostic information including the GP’s and neurologist’s correspondence and the follow-up period. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of clinical predictors and the improvement of accuracy by seven biomarkers (NR2, NR2 antibodies, PARK7, NDKA, UFD1, B-FABP and H-FABP).Results206 patients suspected of TIA participated, of whom 126 (61.2%) were diagnosed with TIA (n=104) or minor stroke (n=22) by the expert panel. The median time from symptom onset to the blood sample collection was 48.0 (IQR 28.3–56.8) hours. None of the seven biomarkers had discriminative value in the diagnosis of TIA, with C-statistics ranging from 0.45 to 0.58. The final multivariable model (C-statistic 0.83 (0.78–0.89)) consisted of eight clinical predictors of TIA/minor stroke: increasing age, a history of coronary artery disease, sudden onset of symptoms, occurrence of symptoms in full intensity, dysarthria, no history of migraine, absence of loss of consciousness and absence of headache. Addition of the individual biomarkers did not further increase the C-statistics.ConclusionsCurrently available blood biomarkers have no added diagnostic value in suspected TIA.Trial registration numberNCT01954329
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PAVLUSHENKO, O. "THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF THE “RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR” CONCEPT IN THE UKRAINIAN INFOMEDIA SPACE OF THE WAR PERIOD." Current issues of linguistics and translations studies, no. 27 (April 27, 2023): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-21.
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The article presents the results of the study of the “Russian-Ukrainian war” concept semantic field based on the material published by leading Ukrainian informational Internet resources. The researched concept is important in the modern conceptual sphere. It will keep a special place in the picture of the world of the Ukrainians’ next generations. Content analysis and statistical analysis were used as the main research methods. The second one was implemented with the Google search engine tools that specialized in the mathematical calculation of the frequency of language units use. The analysis of the semantic organization of the concept of “Russian-Ukrainian war” is based on the theoretical foundations of the field conception. Since the verbal explication of the concept of “Russian-Ukrainian war” in the info-media space goes beyond the linguistic grouping, united by paradigmatic semantic relations between words, and is determined by a non-linguistic situation that has various aspects, the description of this linguistic and mental construct is carried out in terminology semantic field. It has been determined the analytical semolex, which is the titular name of the concept – a full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. Moreover, it was found that the content of the linguistic and mental construct objectifies the semantic field, in which the thematic groups of language embodiments of the main content components are clearly distinguished: “aggressor”, “defenders of Ukraine”, “weapons”, “Ukrainians at war”, “actions occupiers”, “crimes of the occupiers”, “consequences of the war”, “tragedies of the war”, “events of the war”, “international reaction to the Russian-Ukrainian war”. Lexical units, analytical semolexes, and word combinations belonging to thematic groups do not occupy the same positions in the structural model of the studied concept. Eleven nominations represent the core of the linguistic and mental image of the Russian-Ukrainian war in the Ukrainian picture of the world. It is supplemented and detailed by the core zone of the concept, which includes twenty-eight verbalizers of the conceptual features of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which are currently relevant in the public consciousness of Ukrainians.
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Kuzmina, A. A. "Lullabies and Algys in the Semiosphere of the Sakha Culture: Linguistic Aspect." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 20, no. 4 (February 5, 2023): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2022-20-4-54-67.
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The article analyzes the language and cultural code of lullaby songs and maternity incantations (algyss) which belong to the oldest layer of the Yakut folklore. The addressees are the patron goddesses of clans Aiysyt and the guardian goddesses Ieyekhsit. Understanding of the cultural text language leads to the finding of prototypical conceptual meanings in the consciousness of the ancient Sakha. The novelty of the research lies in the identification of the sign nature of lullabies and incantations, which until now have not been the subject of interest for the Yakut linguists. The aim of the paper is to analyze the semiotic signs and symbols of lullaby songs and maternity spells in semiosphere of the Sakha culture. The article is based on archival materials and published folklore texts. Archaic texts are endowed with magical functions: procreative and apotropaic. In the ritual songs, especially in the rites of transition, both the action code and the sound code (moaning, sound repetitions, the manner of singing: diyeretiya or daegeretiyaҥ) are combined and coexist. Sound behavior in the house of a woman in labor during and after the delivery is strictly regulated. Special sacredness is expressed by allegorical messages about the approach of childbirth, which are expressed by the time code. A syntagmatic series of auspicious signs is presented: the numerical characteristic is joined by color and spatial ones, which model the theme of creation of the Universe and Man. The theme of creation is presented through the technological code of making the cradle. The ambivalence of archaic representation generated by the anthropic functions time/birth, our own/foreign, up/down, and death/life is observed. The symbol of the child is traditionally an egg and a bird, as for gender terms, the symbol of a boy is a knife, the symbol of a girl is a scissor. Wishes for the child’s good fortune are displayed by the concept of cold, which preserves the fact of the negative attitude of the Sakha people from the south to the northern Arctic climate. The sound song code is expressed by a set of cultural codes: the action code, which is defined as a set of ritual and ceremonial actions to achieve the hearing of the patron goddess of childbirth; the time code, corresponding to the three-dimensional universe; the spatial code, represented by the eight-member horizontal and nine-tier vertical model. Sign systems of folk culture functioning in lullabies and incantations are inseparable from their pragmatics. They are “folded messages” which eventually represent archetypal beliefs of ancient Sakha, which are deciphered as a result of semiotic and linguistic research.
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Pechmann, Stefan, Timo Mai, Matthias Völkel, Mamathamba K. Mahadevaiah, Eduardo Perez, Emilio Perez-Bosch Quesada, Marc Reichenbach, Christian Wenger, and Amelie Hagelauer. "A Versatile, Voltage-Pulse Based Read and Programming Circuit for Multi-Level RRAM Cells." Electronics 10, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050530.
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In this work, we present an integrated read and programming circuit for Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) cells. Since there are a lot of different RRAM technologies in research and the process variations of this new memory technology often spread over a wide range of electrical properties, the proposed circuit focuses on versatility in order to be adaptable to different cell properties. The circuit is suitable for both read and programming operations based on voltage pulses of flexible length and height. The implemented read method is based on evaluating the voltage drop over a measurement resistor and can distinguish up to eight different states, which are coded in binary, thereby realizing a digitization of the analog memory value. The circuit was fabricated in the 130 nm CMOS process line of IHP. The simulations were done using a physics-based, multi-level RRAM model. The measurement results prove the functionality of the read circuit and the programming system and demonstrate that the read system can distinguish up to eight different states with an overall resistance ratio of 7.9.