Journal articles: 'Eicosapentaenoic acid'

1

Kumar, Nagi B., and Kyle Dalton. "Eicosapentaenoic Acid." Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 1, no. 3 (2004): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/01197065-200401030-00006.

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Akos, Kiss. "EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID." Lancet 329, no. 8541 (May 1987): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90502-2.

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Coles, Sara, and Richard A. Krasuski. "Eicosapentaenoic acid." Current Opinion in Lipidology 30, no. 3 (June 2019): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mol.0000000000000592.

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&NA;. "Docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 740 (February 1999): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199907400-00016.

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&NA;. "Eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 817 (September 2000): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200008170-00015.

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Ranheim, T., A. Gedde-Dahl, A. C. Rustan, and C. A. Drevon. "Effect of chronic incubation of CaCo-2 cells with eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3) and oleic acid (18:1, n-9) on triacylglycerol production." Biochemical Journal 303, no. 1 (October 1, 1994): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3030155.

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CaCo-2 monolayers, cultured for 1 week after reaching confluence, were incubated with micellar solutions of fatty acids for up to 7 days. These conditioned cells were incubated acutely (5 h) with eicosapentaenoic acid and oleic acid, and the levels of cell-associated and secreted triacylglycerol were determined. With acute addition of oleic acid, both cell-associated and secreted triacylglycerol were decreased in cells chronically exposed to eicosapentaenoic acid. This effect was observed after as little as 2 days of chronic incubation with eicosapentaenoic acid. A further decrease was found when these cells were incubated acutely with eicosapentaenoic acid, regardless of which radioisotopes were used to label precursors in the incubation media. The secretion of both labelled and total triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein B was reduced approximately 50% in cells incubated chronically with eicosapentaenoic acid. The amounts of triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein B within the cells were not decreased by chronic exposure to eicosapentaenoic acid. Our data indicate that CaCo-2 cells chronically incubated with eicosapentaenoic acid secrete significantly less triacylglycerol than cells incubated chronically with oleic acid. When eicosapentaenoic acid was also included acutely, triacylglycerol secretion was reduced even more. We conclude that chronic exposure of eicosapentaenoic acid to this intestinal cell type reduces the rate of chylomicron secretion and may help explain the decreased postprandial lipaemia observed in humans taking fish oil supplements.

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Shirai, Nobuya. "Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexsaenoic Acid." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 60, no. 10 (2013): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.60.614.

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Katan, MartijnB, and Peter Van De Bovenkamp. "EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID IN FAT." Lancet 329, no. 8537 (April 1987): 862–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91641-2.

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Sinclair, Hugh, and Mary Gale. "EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID IN FAT." Lancet 329, no. 8543 (May 1987): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92168-4.

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Goto, Y., H. Tamachi, and E. H. Moriguchi. "Eicosapentaenoic acid and atherosclerosis." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 48, no. 5 (May 1993): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0952-3278(93)90112-a.

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Engler, Mary B. "Effect of omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic, on norepinephrine-induced contractions." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-086.

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The relaxant responses of the rat thoracic aorta to omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic, on norepinephrine- and potassium-induced contractions were investigated. Relaxation was enhanced in vessels contracted with norepinephrine. Docosahexaenoic acid at concentrations as low as 1, 3, and 10 μM evoked significant relaxant responses (15, 23, 30%) in norepinephrine-contracted vessels as compared with responses (5, 9, 12%) in potassium-contracted vessels. Results for eicosapentaenoic acid under similar conditions were 3, 8, and 19% in norepinephrine-contracted vessels and 3, 3, and 8% in potassium-contracted vessels. Pretreatment with eicosapentaenoic (10 μM) or docosahexaenoic acids (1–10 μM) decreased the contractile response to physiologic concentrations of norepinephrine. In the presence of calcium-free medium, the omega-3 fatty acids (1–30 μM) significantly abolished sustained norepinephrine contractions but did not reduce the phasic contractions when incubated prior to norepinephrine contraction. Comparatively, the effects of docosahexaenoic acid were greater than eicosapentaenoic acid. These findings suggest that the relaxant effects of the omega-3 fatty acids are specific to the mode of contraction, i.e., α-adrenoceptor stimuli. This effect may be related to intracellular calcium mechanisms, since both fatty acids reversed norepinephrine-induced sustained contractions in the absence of extracellular calcium.Key words: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, vascular responses, fish oils.

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Arashi, Hiroyuki, Junichi Yamaguchi, Erisa Kawada-Watanabe, Hisao Otsuki, Haruki Sekiguchi, Hiroshi Ogawa, and Nobuhisa Hagiwara. "The Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Serum Eicosapentaenoic Acid to Arachidonic Acid Ratio: An HIJ-PROPER Sub-Analysis." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1074248420931621.

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Background: Controversy remains regarding the influence of lipid-lowering therapy on the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio. Objective: This study aimed to clarify the effects of lipid-lowering therapy on the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This was a post hoc sub-analysis of the Heart Institute of Japan-PRoper level of lipid-lowering with pitavastatin and ezetimibe in ACS study. We compared the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio changes from baseline to the 3-month follow-up after contemporary lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin + ezetimibe therapy and pitavastatin mono-therapy. Results: Among patients with ACS and dyslipidemia, the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid increased significantly in the pitavastatin mono-therapy group (0.40 ± 0.26 to 0.46 ± 0.34, P < .0001) but did not increase in the pitavastatin + ezetimibe group (0.37 ± 0.22 to 0.38 ± 0.27, P = .18). When the analysis was limited to patients who received 2 mg/day of pitavastatin during the follow-up period, these trends in changes of the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio remained unchanged. Multivariate analysis showed that ezetimibe use ( P = .005; β = 0.09), ST-elevation myocardial infarction ( P = .04; β = −0.01), and baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level ( P = .0003; β = 0.12) were independent predictors of the percentage change in the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio. These trends were similar even when the analysis was limited to patients who did not take statins at enrollment. Conclusion: Standard lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin mono-therapy improved the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio for patients with ACS. Intensive lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin + ezetimibe did not improve the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio, although LDL-C decreased significantly. Inhibition of the improvement in the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio by adding ezetimibe may affect cardiovascular disease prognosis.

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Ristic, Vanja, and Gordana Ristic. "Role and significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in nutrition in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis." Medical review 56, no. 1-2 (2003): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0302050r.

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Introduction Hyperlipoproteinemia is a key factor in development of atherosclerosis, whereas regression of atherosclerosis mostly depends on decreasing the plasma level of total and LDL-cholesterol. Many studies have reported the hypocholesterolemic effect of linolenic acid. Types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Linoleic and ?-linolenic acids are essential fatty acids. The main sources of linoleic acid are vegetable seeds and of ?-linolenic acid - green parts of plants. ?-linolenic acid is converted to eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. Linoleic acid is converted into arachidonic acid competing with eicosapentaenoic acid in the starting point for synthesis of eicosanoids, which are strong regulators of cell functions and as such, very important in physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular system. Eicosanoids derived from eicosapentaenoic acid have different biological properties in regard to those derived from arachidonic acid, i.e. their global effects result in decreased vasoconstriction platelet aggregation and leukocyte toxicity. Role and significant of PUFA The n-6 to n-3 ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food is very important, and an optimal ratio 4 to 1 in diet is a major issue. Traditional western diets present absolute or relative deficiency of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a ratio 15-20 to 1. In our diet fish and fish oil are sources of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. Refined and processed vegetable oils change the nature of polyunsaturated fatty acids and obtained derivates have atherogenic properties.

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Silaban, Bernita Br. "KOMPOSISI ASAM LEMAK CACING LAUT SIASIA (Sipunculus, SP) DARI PERAIRAN PANTAI PULAU NUSALAUT." BIOPENDIX: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan 3, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/biopendixvol3issue2page107-114.

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Background: "Siasia" is a seaworm species in the phylum that includes Sipuncula Sipunculidea class. This animal has been consumed for generations by coastal communities Nusalaut Island, central mollucas but not yet universally known. Until now there has been obtained gisi complete composition. This study aimed to identify the composition of fatty acids contained in vain fresh seaworms. Method: Seaworms vain taken from coastal waters of Negeri Titawaai and Nalahia Nusalaut Island, Central Moluccas in March 2014. The parameters analyzed include methods is sokhlet fat content and fatty acid by GC method. Result: The results showed fresh siasia fat content 1.12% of coastal waters Titawaai while 1.91% of coastal waters Nalahia. Fatty acids seaworms were identified from coastal waters Titawai is kaparat acid (C10: 0), lauric acid (C12: 0), myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitoleic acid (C16: 1), stearic acid (C18 : 0), linolenic acid (C18: 3) acid and eicosapentaenoic (C20: 5) while the fatty acids of seaworm vain of coastal waters Nalahia include is lauric acid (C12: 0), myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitoleic acid ( C16: 1), stearic acid (C18: 0) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 3). Conclusion: Siasia fatty acid from Titawai waters of the identified seven seas of each capsic acid (C10: 0), lauric acid (C12: 0), myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitoleic acid (C16: 1) , Stearic acid (C18: 0), linolenic acid (C18: 3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 5) whereas Siasia fatty acids from Nalahia's coastal waters were identified as five lauric acid (C12: 0), myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitoleic acid (C16: 1), stearic acid (C18: 0) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 3).

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Empey, Lonnie R., Laurence D. Jewell, Manohar L. Garg, Alan B. R. Thomson, M. Thomas Clandinin, and Richard N. Fedorak. "Fish oil-enriched diet is mucosal protective against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-072.

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Products of arachidonic acid metabolism are elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and this elevation is correlated with disease activity. Eicosapentaenoic acid competes with arachidonic acid and alters eicosanoid biosynthesis. In this experiment, the possibility that eicosapentaenoic acid could be used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease was investigated by determining the effect of 6 weeks of a fish oil-supplemented diet, enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid, on colonic and ileal morphology, histology, and in vivo fluid absorption in rats with 4% acetic acid-induced colitis. The results of an eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched diet were compared with results of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets. In rats with misoprostol pretreated acetic acid-induced colitis, an eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched diet reversed net colonic fluid secretion to absorption and prevented macroscopic and histologic injury, compared with saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets, which did not. The fish oil mucosal protective effect occurred in the presence of a 30-fold enhancement of PGE2 synthesis. In rats with non-misoprostol pretreated acetic acid-induced colitis, an eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched diet returned ileal fluid absorption to control levels, as compared with saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets, which did not. In conclusion, a fish oil (eicosapentaenoic acid)-enriched diet, but not a saturated-or a polyunsaturated-enriched diet, protected colonic and ileal net fluid absorption in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease.Key words: eicosapentaenoic acid, fish oil, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, misoprostol.

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Morioka, Tomoaki, Masanori Emoto, Satoshi Imamura, Yoshinori Kakutani, Yuko Yamazaki, Koka Motoyama, Katsuhito Mori, et al. "Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid profile is associated with vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 15, no. 4 (July 2018): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164118774314.

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Decreased plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels or the n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios are associated with a risk of cardiovascular events. In this cross-sectional study, we measured plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid and investigated the association between the plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid profile and vascular endothelial function in 396 patients with type 2 diabetes. Endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery was measured using ultrasonography. Multiple regression analyses, including age, sex, body mass index, and other cardiovascular risk factors, revealed that plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels ( β = 0.140, p = 0.008) and the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio ( β = 0.127, p = 0.019), but not plasma docosahexaenoic acid levels ( β = 0.067, p = 0.220) or the docosahexaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio ( β = 0.034, p = 0.559), were independently and positively associated with flow-mediated dilatation. In conclusion, plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels and the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio are independently associated with endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study indicates a positive association between eicosapentaenoic acid, rather than docosahexaenoic acid, and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.

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Wigmore, Stephen J., Kenneth C. H. Fearon, Jean P. Maingay, and James A. Ross. "Down-Regulation of the Acute-Phase Response in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia Receiving Oral Eicosapentaenoic Acid is Mediated via Suppression of Interleukin-6." Clinical Science 92, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0920215.

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1. Weight loss in pancreatic cancer is associated with persistent elevation of the acute-phase protein response. The effect of oral administration of eicosapentaenoic acid on the regulation of the acute-phase response in weight-losing patients with pancreatic cancer was investigated in vitro and in vivo. 2. Oral supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid, in patients with cancer cachexia, resulted in a significant reduction in the serum concentration of the acute-phase protein C-reactive protein (11.0 ± 4.8 mg/l before eicosapentaenoic acid compared with 0.8 ± 0.8 mg/l after 4 weeks of eicosapentaenoic acid, P < 0.05), but no significant reduction in the serum concentration of the hepatocyte-stimulating cytokine interleukin-6. Production of interleukin-6 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients was significantly reduced after supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (interleukin-6 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to 10 μg of lipopolysaccharide/ml: 10.2 ± 2.1 ng/ml before supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid compared with 3.5 ± 1.7 ng/ml after supplementation, P < 0.05) and supernatants from these cells had reduced potential to stimulate C-reactive protein production by isolated human hepatocytes (hepatocyte C-reactive protein production in response to supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures exposed to 10 μg of lipopolysaccharide/ml: 150.4 ± 18.6 ng/ml before eicosapentaenoic acid versus 118 ± 14.9 ng/ml after 4 weeks of eicosapentaenoic acid, P < 0.05). The potential of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants to stimulate C-reactive protein production by hepatocytes could be attenuated by neutralizing anti-interleukin-6 antibody in control subjects and in patients before, but not after, treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid. 3. In conclusion, eicosapentaenoic acid can down-regulate the acute-phase response in patients with pancreatic cancer cachexia and this process is likely to involve suppression of interleukin-6 production.

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Maki, Kevin C., William Keane, George Bobotas, Huaizhu Wu, and Christie Ballantyne. "Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Plus Docosapentaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Alone on Fasting and Postprandial Lipids." Journal of Clinical Lipidology 10, no. 3 (May 2016): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2016.03.074.

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Harris, William S. "Stearidonic acid as a ‘pro-eicosapentaenoic acid’." Current Opinion in Lipidology 23, no. 1 (February 2012): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mol.0b013e32834f0f0c.

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Gu, Wenjia, John M. Kavanagh, and Dale D. McClure. "Photoautotrophic production of eicosapentaenoic acid." Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 41, no. 5 (March 30, 2021): 731–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2021.1888065.

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Fusar-Poli, Paolo, and Gregor Berger. "Eicosapentaenoic Acid Interventions in Schizophrenia." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 32, no. 2 (April 2012): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e318248b7bb.

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Masuda, D., T. Kobayashi, T. Okada, H. Nakaoka, R. Kawase, K. Nakatani, M. Koseki, et al. "Eicosapentaenoic acid ameriolates postprandial hypertriglyceridemia." Atherosclerosis 235, no. 2 (August 2014): e104-e105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.281.

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Shimiziu, Sakayu, Hiroshi Kawashima, Yoshifumi Shinmen, Kengo Akimoto, and Hideaki Yamada. "Production of eicosapentaenoic acid byMortierellafungi." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 65, no. 9 (September 1988): 1455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02898307.

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Kralik, Gordana, Zlata Kralik, Eva Straková, Manuela Grčević, and Danica Hanžek. "Enriched eggs as a source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for humans." Acta Veterinaria Brno 86, no. 3 (2017): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201786030293.

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The aim of the research was to enrich eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by using plant oils and fish oil as dietary supplements in laying hens’ feed. The focus was put on the effect of the daily consumption of 100 g of egg yolk, i.e. 100 g of egg mass, on the human health. The 1st group of laying hens was fed a diet containing soybean and fish oil, and the 2nd group was given feed containing a combination of linseed, rapeseed, soybean, and fish oils. Eggs laid by the 2nd group contained 4.73% α-linolenic acid, 0.20% eicosapentaenoic acid and 2.37% docosahexaenoic acid (% of total fatty acids in yolk lipids, P < 0.001), which marks an increase of × 4.04 for α-linolenic acid, × 3.33 for eicosapentaenoic acid, and × 1.75 for docosahexaenoic acid compared to eggs laid by the 1st group. Total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in eggs of the 2nd group were × 2.8 higher than in the 1st first group. Calculated per 100 g of eggs of the 2nd group, the intake for the human body corresponds to 435 mg α-linolenic acid, 18.43 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, and 218.2 mg docosahexaenoic acid.

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JANG, Ji-Won, Young-Chul KIM, Kyoung-Duck KIM, Kang-Woong KIM, Sang-Gu LIM, and Sungchul C. BAI. "The optimum dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels for growth of juvenile flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus." JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13000/jfmse.2019.2.31.1.35.

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Høstmark, Arne. "Alpha Linolenic Acid Variability Influences the Positive Association between %Eicosapentaenoic Acid and % Arachidonic Acid in Chicken Lipids." Nutrition and Food Processing 2, no. 3 (November 8, 2019): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/016.

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Body concentrations of Arachidonic Acid (AA, 20:4 n6) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA, 20:5 n 3) are influenced by diet. Previously, we reported that the concentration range of AA and EPA might explain that %AA and %EPA are positively associated, and that variability of OA (18:1 c9) influences this association. We now investigate whether also the range of ALA (18:3 n3) might influence the association between %AA and %EPA, using data from a diet trial in chickens. A broadening (narrowing) of ALA-variability made the %AA vs. %EPA scatterplot improve (be poorer), as observed both when calculating percentages of all fatty acids, and when using ALA, AA, and EPA only in the denominator. Thus, the positive association between relative amounts of AA and EPA in breast muscle lipids of chickens is influenced by ALA variability. We raise the question of whether differences in concentration ranges between the many types of fatty acids (possibly acting via skewness) might serve as an evolutionary mechanism to ensure that percentages of fatty acids will be positively or negatively associated: a Distribution Dependent Regulation.

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Masoom-Yasinzai, M. "Altered Fatty Acid, Cholesterol and Na+/K+ ATPase Activity in Erythrocyte Membrane of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 51, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1996): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1996-5-618.

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Abstract Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cholesterol, Eicosapentaenoic Acid. Na+/K+ ATPase, Erythrocyte Membrane Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflamatory disease whose cause remains obscure. Blood from 15 R A patients and controls was taken and their ghosts separated. The ghosts were analysed for cholesterol content, Na+/K+ ATPase activity and eicosapentaenoic acid. The cholesterol content in the ghosts of RA patients was significantly lower as compared with the set of controls. There was a major difference in the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase between the two groups with RA patients showing significantly elevatad activity. The ghosts of the RA patients exhibited major abnormality in the polyunsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids with the level of eicosapentaenoic acid (ω-3, 20:5) being significantly reduced.

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Chi, Do Huu, Tomoaki Kahyo, Ariful Islam, Md Mahmudul Hasan, A. S. M. Waliullah, Md Al Mamun, Madoka Nakajima, et al. "NAD ⁺ Levels Are Augmented in Aortic Tissue of ApoE ^−/− Mice by Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 42, no. 4 (April 2022): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.121.317166.

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Background: Maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis provides a means to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events during chronological aging. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) acts as a signaling molecule, and its levels were used to govern several biological pathways, for example, promoting angiogenesis by SIRT1 (sirtuin 1)-mediated inhibition of Notch signaling to rejuvenate capillary density of old-aged mice. NAD + modulation shows promise in the vascular remodeling of endothelial cells. However, NAD + distribution in atherosclerotic regions remains uncharacterized. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids consumption, such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, might increase the abundance of cofactors in blood vessels due to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism. Methods: Apolipoprotein E-deficient ( ApoE −/− ) mice were fed a Western diet, and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-treated groups were supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (1%, w/w) or eicosapentaenoic acid (1%, w/w) for 3 weeks. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging was exploited to detect exogenous and endogenous NAD + imaging. Results: NAD + , NADH, NADP + , NADPH, FAD + , FADH, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide of the aortic arches were detected higher in the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-treated mice than the nontreated control. Comparing the distribution in the outer and inner layers of the arterial walls, only NADPH was detected slightly higher in the outer part in eicosapentaenoic acid-treated mice. Conclusions: Supplementation of adding docosahexaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid to the Western diet led to a higher NAD + , FAD + , and their metabolites in the aortic arch. Considering the pleiotropic roles of NAD + in biology, this result serves as a beneficial therapeutic strategy in the animal model counter to pathological conditions.

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KIRSCH, C. M., D. G. PAYAN, M. Y. S. WONG, J. G. DOHLMAN, V. A. BLAKE, M. A. PETRI, J. OFFENBERGER, E. J. GOETZL, and W. M. GOLD. "Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid in asthma." Clinical Experimental Allergy 18, no. 2 (March 1988): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02857.x.

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YOSHIDA, Sho. "Anti-atherogenic Action of Eicosapentaenoic Acid." Japanese Journal of Medicine 29, no. 4 (1990): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine1962.29.347.

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Ishikawa, Shizukiyo, and Kazuomi Kario. "Does eicosapentaenoic acid truly reduce atherosclerosis?" Hypertension Research 32, no. 11 (September 18, 2009): 934–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hr.2009.147.

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Korosh, Travis, Kelsey D. Jordan, Ja-Shin Wu, Nigel Yarlett, and Rita K. Upmacis. "Eicosapentaenoic Acid Modulates Trichomonas vaginalis Activity." Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 63, no. 2 (September 23, 2015): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12263.

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Lynch, P. M. "Eicosapentaenoic acid and chemoprevention of FAP." Gut 59, no. 7 (June 25, 2010): 871–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2009.204677.

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Upton, I. "Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in bipolar depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 2 (August 2006): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.189.2.191.

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35

El razak, Ahmed Abd, Alan C. Ward, and Jarka Glassey. "Process development of eicosapentaenoic acid production." Biochemical Engineering Journal 82 (January 2014): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2013.10.022.

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36

Ringø, Einar, Jens Petter Jøstensen, and Rolf Erik Olsen. "Production of eicosapentaenoic acid by freshwaterVibrio." Lipids 27, no. 7 (July 1992): 564–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02536141.

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37

Danno, K., K. Ikai, and S. Imamura. "Anti-inflammatory effects of eicosapentaenoic acid." Journal of Dermatological Science 4, no. 2 (September 1992): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-1811(92)90080-u.

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Puri, B. K. "Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Treatment-Resistant Depression." Archives of General Psychiatry 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 91—a—92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.59.1.91-a.

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39

Kususiyah, K., U. Santoso, Y. Fenita, A. M. H. Putranto, and S. Suharyanto. "Fat deposition of broiler chickens fed a high-fat diet contained Sauropus androgynus leaf extract plus turmeric powder." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 44, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.44.4.382-391.

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A factorial design was used to analyzethe influenceofSauropus androgynusleaf extract (SALE) and turmeric powder (TP) on fat deposition in broilers fed high-fat diet. The first factor was the source of fat (6% beef fat and 6% palm oil), and the second factor was SALE plus TP [0 g SALE plus 0 g TP (G1), 9 g SALE plus 0.5 g TP (G2), 18 g SALE plus 0.5 g TP (G3), 9 g SALE plus 1 g TP (G4), 18 g SALE plus 1 g TP (G5)]. SALE plus TP affected cholesterol,lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid contents (p<0.01).Fat sources affected fat, cholesterol, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (p<0.01). There was a significant interaction between the two factorson fat, cholesterol, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid contents. In conclusion, 18 g SALE plus 1 g TP supplementation to high-fat diet resulted in lower stearic acid, but it resulted in higher eicosapentaenoic acid. Supplementation of SALEplus TPto a high-fat diet lowered cholesterol content and changed fatty acidscomposition.

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40

Levy, Ryna, and Gene R. Herzberg. "Hydrolysis of long-chain, n-3 fatty acid enriched chylomicrons by cardiac lipoprotein lipase." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 77, no. 10 (October 15, 1999): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y99-083.

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The hydrolysis of chylomicrons enriched in long-chain n-3 fatty acids by cardiac lipoprotein lipase was studied. In 60 min, 24.8% of the triacylglycerol fatty acids were released as free fatty acids. The fatty acids were hydrolyzed at different rates. DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3) were released at rates significantly less than average. Stearic acid (18:0), 20:1n-9, and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) were released significantly faster than average. There was no relationship between the rate of release of a fatty acid and the number of carbons or the number of double bonds. Lipoprotein lipase selectively hydrolyzes the fatty acids of chylomicron triacylglycerols. This selectively will result in remnants that are relatively depleted in 18:0, 20:1, and 18:3 and relatively enriched in 20:5 and 22:6.Key words: lipoprotein lipase, chylomicrons, fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid.

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Harris, William S., and Kristina H. Jackson. "Translating plasma eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations into erythrocyte percentages of eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid during treatment with icosapent ethyl." Journal of Clinical Lipidology 13, no. 5 (September 2019): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2019.07.001.

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SHIM, S. M., J. A. LASRADO, L. E. DORWORTH, and C. R. SANTERRE. "Mercury and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Retail Fish Sandwiches." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.3.633.

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Mercury and fatty acids were measured in fish sandwiches from six retail restaurant chains. Average mercury concentrations ranged from 5 to 132 ppb and were well below the Food and Drug Administration action level (1,000 ppb). The average concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid ranged from 91 to 620 mg per sandwich. Consuming one or two fish sandwiches per week could result in the consumption of 2 to 40% of the reference dose for mercury for a 60-kg individual and would provide 18 to 126% of the adequate intake for eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid as recommended for a pregnant or lactating woman.

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Enăşcuţă, Cristina Emanuela, Elena Emilia Oprescu, Adrian Radu, Elena Radu, Marian Deaconu, Doru-Gabriel Epure, Mihai Gidea, and Mihaela Niculescu. "Rapeseeds a Rich Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids." Proceedings 29, no. 1 (October 18, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019029115.

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In human diet, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), have an essential role in optimal brain functions and stroke prevention, specially, omega-3 fatty acids, e.g., 9,12,15-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3), 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5), and 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6). [...]

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Ben Naceur, Hachem, Nabila Ghazali, Amel Ben Rejeb Jenhani, and Mohamed Salah Romdhane. "Study of the fatty acid composition of Artemia salina cysts from Tunisia." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 7 (July 2, 2013): 1795–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413000623.

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In the present study, decapsulated cysts from eleven Tunisian Artemia salina populations were analysed for their fatty acid profile. Results showed that palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1n-7), stearic (18:0), cis-vaccenic (18:1n-7), oleic (18:1n-9), linoleic (18:2n-6), linolenic (18:3n-3) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) were the major fatty acids. The ratio of C16:0/C16:1 fatty acids fluctuated between 0.8 and 3.8. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) was absent or found in trace (<0.2%) and arachidonic acids (20:4n-6) was found in higher quantity in all marine-type cysts than in freshwater-type cysts samples. Furthermore, based on the fatty acid profile of the studied Artemia salina populations, we can concluded that Sijoumi, Sahline, Bekalta, Mcheguig and El Adhibet strains could be ascribed to marine-type Artemia, whereas the population from Moknine, Sidi El Hani, Sfax, El Melah, Zarzis and Mhabeul could be categorized as freshwater-type. Principal components analysis showed that palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid and C16:0/C16:1 ratio are the most important fatty acids variable between cysts samples, with a total contribution of 68.73% relatively to the first component, whereas, for the second component, palmitic acid, cis-vaccenic acid and oleic acid, are the most important variables, with a total contribution of 56.25%. Moreover, palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid and C16:0/C16:1 ratio are the most important fatty acids which contribute to the discrimination between freshwater and marine-type Artemia; while palmitic acid, cis-vaccenic acid and oleic acids represent the major fatty acids permitting differentiation between strains from the same Artemia type, especially for freshwater-type Artemia.

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Pope, Edward C., and Andrew F. Rowley. "The heart ofCiona intestinalis: eicosanoid-generating capacity and the effects of precursor fatty acids and eicosanoids on heart rate." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 1577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.11.1577.

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SUMMARYEicosanoids are a group of oxygenated fatty-acid derivatives formed from C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. In mammals, these compounds have been shown to be key molecules in several physiological processes including regulation of the vascular system. This study determined whether eicosanoids or their precursors are involved in the regulation of heart rate in the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis. Eicosanoid generation by both heart and blood cells was measured. The major lipoxygenase products formed were both derivatives of eicosapentaenoic acid,namely 8- and 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids (8-HEPE and 12-HEPE). Smaller amounts of 8,15-dihydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (8,15-diHEPE) were also formed. The cyclo-oxygenase product prostaglandin E was also found in small amounts in the heart. Isolated hearts were exposed either to these fatty acid precursors or to 8-HEPE, 12-HEPE or prostaglandin E3, and the effect on heart rate was recorded. Both eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids stimulated the heart rate at concentrations between 50 and 200 μmoll-1. 12-HEPE(5 μmoll-1) and prostaglandin E3 (50μmoll-1) caused a modest increase in heart rate, while 8-HEPE had no significant effects at any of the time periods studied (≤180 min). Overall, the results show that arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids have limited effects on heart rate and only at concentrations unlikely to be routinely liberated in vivo. Similarly, the eicosanoids tested had a minor stimulatory activity on heart rate. The potential mechanisms for this stimulation are discussed. Overall, these results suggest that such compounds are of limited importance in regulating the heart and vascular system of sea squirts.

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Mori, Trevor A. "Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology and effects on cardiometabolic risk factors." Food Funct. 5, no. 9 (2014): 2004–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fo00393d.

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Clinical and epidemiological studies provide support that the polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from fish and fish oils are cardioprotective, particularly in the setting of secondary prevention.

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Andone, Sebastian, Lénárd Farczádi, Silvia Imre, and Rodica Bălașa. "Fatty Acids and Lipid Paradox-Neuroprotective Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 10810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810810.

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Stroke is the primary cause of death and disability worldwide, with ischemic stroke up to 80% of the total cases. Lipid profile was established as a major risk factor for stroke, but recent studies show a paradoxical relationship between serum values and the outcome of stroke patients. Our study aims to analyze the impact of the classic extended lipid profile, including fatty acids as potential neuroprotective biomarkers for the outcome of ischemic stroke patients. We included 298 patients and collected clinical, paraclinical, and outcome parameters. We used a method consisting of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to quantify serum fatty acids. We observed a negative correlation between National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission and total cholesterol (p = 0.040; r = −0.120), respectively triglycerides (p = 0.041; r = −0.122). The eicosapentaenoic to arachidonic acid ratio has a negative correlation, while the docosahexaenoic to eicosapentaenoic acid ratio positively correlates with all the prognostic parameters, showing a potential neuroprotective role for eicosapentaenoic acid in preventing severe ischemic stroke. The impact of the lipid profile paradox and the dependency relationship with the fatty acids represent a significant predictive factor for the functional and disability prognostic of ischemic stroke patients.

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Thomas, Christopher P., and Charles M. Heard. "Probing the skin permeation of eicosapentaenoic acid and ketoprofen2. Comparative depth profiling and metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 67, no. 1 (August 2007): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.11.024.

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Maki, Kevin C., and Tia M. Rains. "Stearidonic Acid Raises Red Blood Cell Membrane Eicosapentaenoic Acid." Journal of Nutrition 142, no. 3 (January 25, 2012): 626S—629S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.153858.

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Kruger, M. C., H. Coetzer, R. de Winter, and N. Claassen. "Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation increases calcium balance." Nutrition Research 15, no. 2 (February 1995): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0271-5317(95)92587-a.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Eicosapentaenoic acid'

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