Relevant bibliographies by topics / Eicosanoic acid Derivatives Physiological effect

Academic literature on the topic 'Eicosanoic acid Derivatives Physiological effect'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Eicosanoic acid Derivatives Physiological effect"

1

Pope, Edward C., and Andrew F. Rowley. "The heart ofCiona intestinalis: eicosanoid-generating capacity and the effects of precursor fatty acids and eicosanoids on heart rate." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 1577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.11.1577.

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SUMMARYEicosanoids are a group of oxygenated fatty-acid derivatives formed from C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. In mammals, these compounds have been shown to be key molecules in several physiological processes including regulation of the vascular system. This study determined whether eicosanoids or their precursors are involved in the regulation of heart rate in the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis. Eicosanoid generation by both heart and blood cells was measured. The major lipoxygenase products formed were both derivatives of eicosapentaenoic acid,namely 8- and 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids (8-HEPE and 12-HEPE). Smaller amounts of 8,15-dihydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (8,15-diHEPE) were also formed. The cyclo-oxygenase product prostaglandin E was also found in small amounts in the heart. Isolated hearts were exposed either to these fatty acid precursors or to 8-HEPE, 12-HEPE or prostaglandin E3, and the effect on heart rate was recorded. Both eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids stimulated the heart rate at concentrations between 50 and 200 μmoll-1. 12-HEPE(5 μmoll-1) and prostaglandin E3 (50μmoll-1) caused a modest increase in heart rate, while 8-HEPE had no significant effects at any of the time periods studied (≤180 min). Overall, the results show that arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids have limited effects on heart rate and only at concentrations unlikely to be routinely liberated in vivo. Similarly, the eicosanoids tested had a minor stimulatory activity on heart rate. The potential mechanisms for this stimulation are discussed. Overall, these results suggest that such compounds are of limited importance in regulating the heart and vascular system of sea squirts.
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Knight, John, Andrew F. Rowley, Mizue Yamazaki, and Anthony S. Clare. "Eicosanoids are modulators of larval settlement in the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 1 (February 1999): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499001629.

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Eicosanoids are oxygenated derivatives of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids known to play key roles in many physiological events in both invertebrates and vertebrates. The eicosanoid generating capacity of cypris larvae of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, was examined using enzyme immunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography. These larvae generated the lipoxygenase products, 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), 8-HEPE and 8,15-diHEPE, together with the cyclooxygenase products, prostaglandin (PG) E, PGF and thromboxane (TX) B. Indomethacin, a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, caused a dose-dependent inhibition of PGE generation by B. amphitrite larvae, while esculetin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (lipoxygenase inhibitors) also strongly inhibited the generation of 8-HEPE, 12-HEPE and 8,15-diHEPE. PGE2, PGE3 and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 caused a dose-dependent inhibition of settlement of B. amphitrite larvae while indomethacin (25–100 μM) stimulated this process. Lipoxygenase products (8-HEPE, 12-HEPE and 8,15-diHEPE) as well as esculetin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (10–100 μM) had no effect on the attachment of larvae.
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Calder, Philip C. "Eicosanoids." Essays in Biochemistry 64, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20190083.

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Abstract This article describes the pathways of eicosanoid synthesis, eicosanoid receptors, the action of eicosanoids in different physiological systems, the roles of eicosanoids in selected diseases, and the major inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis and action. Eicosanoids are oxidised derivatives of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) formed by the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (cytP450) pathways. Arachidonic acid (ARA) is the usual substrate for eicosanoid synthesis. The COX pathways form prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXs), the LOX pathways form leukotrienes (LTs) and lipoxins (LXs), and the cytP450 pathways form various epoxy, hydroxy and dihydroxy derivatives. Eicosanoids are highly bioactive acting on many cell types through cell membrane G-protein coupled receptors, although some eicosanoids are also ligands for nuclear receptors. Because they are rapidly catabolised, eicosanoids mainly act locally to the site of their production. Many eicosanoids have multiple, sometimes pleiotropic, effects on inflammation and immunity. The most widely studied is PGE2. Many eicosanoids have roles in the regulation of the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and female reproductive systems. Despite their vital role in physiology, eicosanoids are often associated with disease, including inflammatory disease and cancer. Inhibitors have been developed that interfere with the synthesis or action of various eicosanoids and some of these are used in disease treatment, especially for inflammation.
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Rodríguez, María, Pilar G. Rebollar, Simona Mattioli, and Cesare Castellini. "n-3 PUFA Sources (Precursor/Products): A Review of Current Knowledge on Rabbit." Animals 9, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100806.

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This review compares the effects of different n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) sources on biological activity, physiological/reproductive endpoints, and health implications with a special emphasis on a rabbit case study. Linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) are members of two classes of PUFAs, namely the n-6 and n-3 series, which are required for normal human health. Both are considered precursors of a cascade of molecules (eicosanoids), which take part in many biological processes (inflammation, vasoconstriction/vasodilation, thromboregulation, etc.). However, their biological functions are opposite and are mainly related to the form (precursor or long-chain products) in which they were administered and to the enzyme–substrate preference. ALA is widely present in common vegetable oils and foods, marine algae, and natural herbs, whereas its long-chain PUFA derivatives are available mainly in fish and animal product origins. Recent studies have shown that the accumulation of n-3 PUFAs seems mostly to be tissue-dependent and acts in a tissue-selective manner. Furthermore, dietary n-3 PUFAs widely affect the lipid oxidation susceptibility of all tissues. In conclusion, sustainable sources of n-3 PUFAs are limited and exert a different effect about (1) the form in which they are administered, precursor or derivatives; (2) their antioxidant protections; and (3) the purpose to be achieved (health improvement, physiological and reproductive traits, metabolic pathways, etc.).
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Regulska, Magdalena, Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak, Ewa Trojan, Monika Leśkiewicz, and Agnieszka Basta-Kaim. "The Emerging Role of the Double-Edged Impact of Arachidonic Acid- Derived Eicosanoids in the Neuroinflammatory Background of Depression." Current Neuropharmacology 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 278–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159x18666200807144530.

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: Eicosanoids are arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives belonging to a family of lipid signalling mediators that are engaged in both physiological and pathological processes in the brain. Recently, their implication in the prolonged inflammatory response has become a focus of particular interest because, in contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammatory processes within the central nervous system (CNS) are crucial for the development of brain pathologies including depression. The synthesis of eicosanoids is catalysed primarily by cyclooxygenases (COX), which are involved in the production of pro-inflammatory AA metabolites, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Moreover, eicosanoid synthesis is catalysed by lipoxygenases (LOXs), which generate both leukotrienes and anti-inflammatory derivatives such as lipoxins. Thus, AA metabolites have double- edged pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving properties, and an imbalance between these metabolites has been proposed as a contributor or even the basis for chronic neuroinflammatory effects. This review focuses on important evidence regarding eicosanoid-related pathways (with special emphasis on prostaglandins and lipoxins) that has added a new layer of complexity to the idea of targeting the double-edged AA-derivative pathways for therapeutic benefits in depression. We also sought to explore future research directions that can support a pro-resolving response to control the balance between eicosanoids and thus to reduce the chronic neuroinflammation that underlies at least a portion of depressive disorders.
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Drozd, Arleta, Dariusz Kotlęga, Przemysław Nowacki, Sylwester Ciećwież, Tomasz Trochanowski, and Małgorzata Szczuko. "Fatty Acid Levels and Their Inflammatory Metabolites Are Associated with the Nondipping Status and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Stroke Patients." Biomedicines 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092200.

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Background: This paper discusses the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of nondipping blood pressure and its role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of free fatty acids (FAs) and their inflammatory metabolites on the nondipping phenomenon and the risk of sleep apnea in stroke patients. Methods: Sixty-four ischemic stroke patients were included in the prospective study. Group I consisted of 33 patients with a preserved physiological dipping effect (DIP), while group II included 31 patients with the nondipping phenomenon (NDIP). All subjects had FA gas chromatography and inflammatory metabolite measurements performed with the use of liquid chromatography, their 24 h blood pressure was recorded, and they were assessed with the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Results: In the nondipping group a higher level of C16:0 palmitic acid was observed, while lower levels were observed in regard to C20:0 arachidic acid, C22:0 behenic acid and C24:1 nervonic acid. A decreased leukotriene B4 level was recorded in the nondipping group. None of the FAs and derivatives correlated with the ESS scale in the group of patients after stroke. Correlations were observed after dividing into the DIP and NDIP groups. In the DIP group, a higher score of ESS was correlated with numerous FAs and derivatives. Inflammation of a lower degree and a higher level of anti-inflammatory mediators from EPA and DHA acids favored the occurrence of the DIP. A high level of C18: 3n6 gamma linoleic acid indicating advanced inflammation, intensified the NDIP effect. Conclusions: We demonstrated potential novel associations between the FA levels and eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of the nondipping phenomenon. There are common connections between fatty acids, their metabolites, inflammation, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and nondipping in stroke patients.
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Wang, Hongyu, Erdu Ren, Xiaoe Xiang, Yong Su, and Weiyun Zhu. "Dynamic Changes in Serum Metabolomic Profiles of Growing Pigs Induced by Intravenous Infusion of Sodium Butyrate." Metabolites 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10010020.

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This study aimed to explore the dynamic changes in metabolite profiles and metabolism pathways in the serum of growing pigs by intravenous infusion of sodium butyrate (SB). Fourteen crossbred growing barrows (BW = 23.70 ± 1.29 kg) fitted with jugular cannula were randomly allocated to the SB and control (Con) groups, each group consisted of seven replicates (pens), with one pig per pen. At 9:00 of each day during the experimental period, pigs in the SB group were infused with 10 mL of SB (200 mmol/L, pH 7.4, 37 °C) via precaval vein, while the Con group was treated with the same volume of physiological saline. On day 4, the blood of each pig was collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after the intravenous infusion. Metabolites in the serum were detected by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis. Pathway analysis of metabolomic profiles showed that the differential metabolites mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, lipid-related metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. More importantly, the relative concentrations of all eight essential amino acids, five non-essential amino acids, and two amino acid derivatives were decreased by the parenteral SB. In addition, SB significantly increased the relative concentrations of eicosanoic acid and octadecanoic acid and decreased the relative concentration of glycerol-3-phosphate at 0 min (three days after intravenous infusion of SB), which suggests that parenteral SB may increase stearates mobilization and decrease the biosynthesis of stearates. In conclusion, intravenous infusion of SB may induce more amino acids to synthesize proteins and affect fat metabolism through increasing fat mobilization and decreasing the biosynthesis of stearates. However, a further study is needed to understand the mechanism of extensive metabolic pathway changes induced by parenteral SB.
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Skrabka, Henryk, and Elżbieta Jaskulska. "An evaluation of the physiological activity of 9-amine-9-fluorenephosphonic acid derivatives." Acta Agrobotanica 40, no. 1-2 (2013): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1987.006.

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The physiological activity of eleven 9-amine-9-fluorenephosphonic acid derivatives, synthesized at the Wrocław Polytechnic, was examined. The test plant was <i>Spirodela oligorrhiza</i>. The effect of these compounds on the increase of the dry matter of this plant was tested in eight-day experiments. The activity of the compounds was varied. The most toxic were nos. 2, 4, 9, 8, 5 and 6 which were lethal in low concentrations. Somewhat less toxic were nos. 7, 10 and 11; nos. 1 and 3 were the least toxic.
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ROBINSON, Brenton S., Charles S. T. HII, and Antonio FERRANTE. "Activation of phospholipase A2 in human neutrophils by polyunsaturated fatty acids and its role in stimulation of superoxide production." Biochemical Journal 336, no. 3 (December 15, 1998): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3360611.

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Although polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to stimulate neutrophil responses such as the oxygen-dependent respiratory burst (superoxide production), the mechanisms involved still remain undefined. Here we investigate the effect of PUFA on the phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-signal transduction process in human neutrophils. Exogenous eicosatetraenoic acid [arachidonic acid; C20:4(n-6)] or docosahexaenoic acid [C22:6(n-3)] promoted the release of [3H]C20:4(n-6) from prelabelled neutrophils in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which is indicative of PLA2 activation. The release of [3H]C20:4(n-6) from the cells by C20:4(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) was suppressed by PLA2 inhibitors. Other PUFA {eicosapentaenoic [C20:5(n-3)], octadecatrienoic [γ-linolenic; C18:3(n-6)] and octadecadienoic [linoleic; C18:2(n-6)] acids} also had the ability to release [3H]C20:4(n-6); however, certain C20:4(n-6) derivatives [15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and C20:4(n-6) methyl ester] and saturated fatty acids [octadecanoic (stearic; C18:0) and eicosanoic (arachidic; C20:0) acids] had no significant effect. Treatment of the neutrophils with exogenous C22:6(n-3) caused the mass of endogenous unesterified C20:4(n-6) to increase. Incubation of the leucocytes with C20:4(n-6) or C22:6(n-3) evoked activation of the 85 kDa cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) and the 14 kDa secretory PLA2 (sPLA2), but not the cytosolic Ca2+-independent PLA2. In contrast, C20:0 did not activate any of the PLA2 isoforms. Activation of cPLA2 by PUFA was found to precede that of sPLA2. C22:6(n-3), C20:4(n-6) and other PUFA induced punctate localization of cPLA2 in the cells, which was not observed with saturated fatty acids. Pretreatment of the leucocytes with PLA2 inhibitors markedly decreased superoxide production induced by C20:4(n-6). These results show that PUFA activate PLA2 in neutrophils, which might have a mandatory role in biological responses.
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Chen, Yo-Shen, and James L. Steele. "Genetic Characterization and Physiological Role of Endopeptidase O from Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 3411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.9.3411-3415.1998.

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ABSTRACT A previously identified insert expressing an endopeptidase from aLactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32 genomic library was characterized. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,941 bp encoding a putative protein of 71.2 kDa which contained a zinc-protease motif. Protein homology searches revealed that this enzyme has 40% similarity with endopeptidase O (PepO) fromLactococcus lactis P8-2-47. Northern hybridization revealed that pepO is monocistronic and is expressed throughout the growth phase. CNRZ32 derivatives lacking PepO activity were constructed via gene replacement. Enzyme assays revealed that the PepO mutant had significantly reduced endopeptidase activity when compared to CNRZ32 with two of the three substrates examined. Growth studies indicated that PepO has no detectable effect on growth rate or acid production by Lactobacillus helveticusCNRZ32 in amino acid defined or skim milk medium.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eicosanoic acid Derivatives Physiological effect"

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Caughey, Gillian Elizabeth. "Regulation of interleukin-1[Beta] and tumor necrosis factor[alpha] synthesis by fatty acids and eicosanoids /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc371.pdf.

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Penglis, Peter Savas. "The relationships between eicosanoid production and pro-inflammatory cytokines." Title page, contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php3985.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-240). Explores alternate strategies that may alter inflammatory cytokine production, particularly tumour necrosis factor đ [tumor necrosis factor-alpha], and therefore provide a possible treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Hawkes, Joanna Susan. "N-3 fatty acids, eicosanoids and control of inflammation /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh392.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, and Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, 1994.
Errata slip inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-199).
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Demasi, Maryanne. "The effects of hypoxia on cyclooxygenase-2 expression and eicosanoid synthesis /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd3729.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, 2004.
Includes list of publications arising from this thesis. Erratum attached to inside back cover. "25/03/2004." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-257).
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Penglis, Peter Savas. "The relationships between eicosanoid production and pro-inflammatory cytokines." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/111707.

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Explores alternate strategies that may alter inflammatory cytokine production, particularly tumour necrosis factor α [tumor necrosis factor-alpha], and therefore provide a possible treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 2001
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Books on the topic "Eicosanoic acid Derivatives Physiological effect"

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D, Mitchell Murray, ed. Eicosanoids in reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1990.

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J, Goetzl Edward, Lewis Robert A, Rola-Pleszczynski Marek, and New York Academy of Sciences., eds. Cellular generation, transport, and effects of eicosanoids: Biological roles and pharmacological intervention. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1994.

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Lands, William E. M., 1930- and American Oil Chemists' Society, eds. Proceedings of the AOCS Short Course on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids. Champaign, Ill: American Oil Chemists' Society, 1987.

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1938-, Polgar Peter, ed. Eicosanoids and radiation. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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Sven-Erik, Dahlén, ed. Leukotrienes as mediators of asthma and inflammation: Basic and applied research, second International Symposium on Trends in Eicosanoid Biology, Interlaken, Switzerland. New York: Raven Press, 1994.

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V, Honn Kenneth, and International Conference on Eicosanoids and Other Bioactive Lipids in Cancer, Inflammation, and Radiation Injury (4th : 1995 : Hong Kong), eds. Eicosanoids and other bioactive lipids in cancer, inflammation, and radiation injury 3. New York: Plenum Press, 1997.

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Victor, Brantl, Teschemacher Hansjörg, and International Symposium on [Beta]-Casomorphins and Related Peptides (2nd : 1991 : Titisee, Germany), eds. [Beta]-casomorphins and related peptides: Recent developments. Weinheim: VCH, 1994.

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Mitchell, Murray D. Eicosanoids in Reproduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Mitchell, Murray D. Eicosanoids in Reproduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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1943-, Hillier Keith, ed. Eicosanoids and the gastrointestinal tract. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Eicosanoic acid Derivatives Physiological effect"

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Banothu, Venkanna, and Addepally Uma. "Effect of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses on Plant Metabolic Pathways." In Phenolic Compounds - Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99796.

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Plants are prone to encounter some environmental stresses that include both biotic and abiotic. Plants in response to these stress conditions alter their metabolism at the genetic level with consequential effects at the metabolite production. Phenolic compounds, which are secondary metabolites are one such chemical entity which plays a significant role in various physiological processes of the plant. They are mainly formed by three different types of metabolic pathways that produce phenyl propanoid derivatives, flavonoids, terpenoids based on the needs of the plant and the rate of their production is solely dictated by the type of stress condition. A number of phenolic compounds like phytoalexins, phytoanticipins and nematicides exhibit negative response to biotic stress against several soil borne pathogens and nematodes. But some of the phenolic compounds like acetosyringone, umbelliferone, vanillyl alcohol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, apigenin and luteolin are found to exhibit beneficial effects to plants by encouraging rhizosphere formation particularly in Leguminosae family. Some of the ROS produced in various stress conditions are effectively dealt by various phenolics with antioxidant activity like hydroxyl benzoic acids and hydroxyl cinnamic acids. As the in vivo production of phenolics in plants is influenced by external factors it can certainly provide information for the adoption of agronomic practices to yield the full befits of commercial exploitation. As the in vivo production of phenolics in plants is influenced by external factors it can certainly provide information for the adoption of agronomic practices to yield the full befits of commercial exploitation.
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Merhan, Oguz. "Biochemistry and Antioxidant Effects of Melatonin." In Melatonin - Recent Updates [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106260.

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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine) is a hormone taking place in many biological and physiological processes, such as reproduction, sleep, antioxidant effect, and circadian rhythm (biological clock), and is a multifunctional indolamine compound synthesized mainly from the metabolism of tryptophan via serotonin in the pineal gland. Melatonin, which is a hormone synthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan, is substantially secreted from the pineal gland between the cerebral hemispheres found in the mammalian brain. In addition to this, it is also produced in the cells and tissues, such as the gastrointestinal system, gall, epithelial hair follicles, skin, retina, spleen, testis, salivary glands, bone marrow, leukocytes, placenta, and thrombocytes. It plays a role in many physiological events, such as synchronizing circadian rhythms, reproduction, fattening, molting, hibernation, and change of pigment granules, preserving the integrity of the gastrointestinal system with an anti-ulcerative effect in tissues and organs from which it is produced. Melatonin is also a powerful antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent that prevents oxidative and nitrosative damage to all macromolecules due to its ability to form in metabolic activities, directly excrete toxic oxygen derivatives, and reduce the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In this book chapter, we will explain the structure, synthesis, metabolism, and antioxidant effects of the melatonin hormone.
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