Journal articles: 'Egyptology – History'

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Thompson, Jason. "Toward a History of Egyptology." Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 116, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/olzg-2021-0032.

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GANGE, DAVID. "RELIGION AND SCIENCE IN LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITISH EGYPTOLOGY." Historical Journal 49, no. 4 (November 24, 2006): 1083–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005747.

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The late nineteenth century is generally considered to be the period of Egyptology’s development into a scientific discipline. The names of Egyptologists of the last decades of the century, including William Flinders Petrie, are associated with scientific technique and objective interpretation as well as colonialist agendas. This article’s thesis is that rapid developments in scientific technique were largely driven by spiritual objectives rather than any other ideologies. Egypt – after being derided and ignored during the mid-century – became of great significance to the British when spectacular finds suggested that Egyptology might offer conclusive evidence against Darwinism and the higher criticism while proving events of the Old Testament to be historically true. Other groups used ancient Egypt – professing Darwin, Spencer, and Huxley as inspirations – but the teleologies they invariably produced owe more to spiritualism than to scientific naturalism, blurring boundaries between science, the occult, and religion. In terms of popularity traditional Christian approaches to ancient Egypt eclipsed all rivals, every major practising Egyptologist of the 1880s employing them and publications receiving large, demonstrably enthusiastic, audiences. Support for biblical Egyptologists demonstrates that, in Egyptology, the fin de siècle enjoyed a little-noticed but widely supported revival of Old-Testament-based Christianity amidst a flowering of diverse beliefs.

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Davies, Vanessa. "Pauline Hopkins’ Literary Egyptology." Journal of Egyptian History 14, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-bja10006.

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Abstract Author Pauline Hopkins produced work in a variety of genres: short stories, novels, a musical, a primer of facts. Like other African Americans of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, she engaged with the history of the Nile Valley before the discipline of Egyptology was firmly established in the sphere of higher education in the US. Her serialized novel Of One Blood, published in 1902 and 1903, draws on a variety of sources, such as the English historian George Rawlinson, to tell a fictionalized story set in the contemporary present of the Upper Nile and to address issues related to the ancient past of that region. Her main character, Reuel, embodies links across time—ancient and contemporary—and space—the United States and the Nile River Valley. Through him, she shows the power and relevance of ancient history to contemporary life.

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Moreno García, Juan Carlos. "Egyptology and Global History: An Introduction." Journal of Egyptian History 13, no. 1-2 (February 16, 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340059.

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Schneider, Thomas. "Ethnic Identities in Ancient Egypt and the Identity of Egyptology: Towards a “Trans-Egyptology”." Journal of Egyptian History 11, no. 1-2 (October 8, 2018): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340049.

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Miniaci, Gianluca. "Global History in Egyptology: Framing Resilient Shores." Journal of Egyptian History 13, no. 1-2 (February 16, 2021): 409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340069.

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Hermes-Wladarsch, Maria. "Ägyptologiegeschichte digital." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 148, no. 2 (November 5, 2021): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0018.

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Summary Adolf Erman is one of the founders of modern Egyptology. His life and achievements are deeply connected with the changes in this field, which starting as a romanticized activity and turned into a modern discpline. His extensive correspondence is as important for the history of Egyptology as it is for the general history of science. Because of family connections, Adolf Erman’s estate was almost completely bequeathed to the Bremen State and University Library. Between 2019 and 2021, the whole estate has been described and digitized in a project funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The paper describes the estate, its digitization and the range of its possible usage.

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Sperveslage, Gunnar. "Die Stele Ramses’ II. von Tell er-Rataba und die vermeintlichen Städte der Shasu*." Journal of Egyptian History 4, no. 1 (2011): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187416611x580732.

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AbstractConventional research has credited the Shasu beduins with an urban lifestyle. However, this view is based on a single piece of evidence, a stele of Ramses II from Tell er-Rataba. As the corrrect interpretation is of considerable relevance for neighbouring disciplines of Egyptology, the present article proposes a reassessment of the pertinent text passage.

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Aksenova, Anastasia Anatolievna. "Formation of the Egyptian collection of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan: a contribution to the development of Russian Egyptology." RUDN Journal of World History 13, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-2-211-229.

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The article analyzes the history of the formation of the Egyptian collection of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan during the 19th and 20th centuries. Based on the materials of the archives of the city of Kazan, the national museum, as well as with the involvement of other scientific publications in the context of the museology in Kazan and the development of Russian Egyptology as a science, the four main stages of the formation of the archaeological fund, as well as the current state of the collection of the ancient Egyptian heritage, are examined and analyzed. An analysis of each stage allows the reconstruction of the evolution of Egyptology as a science, and oriental studies in general, in the regions of Russia. This collection of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan is one of the largest domestic collections of Egyptian culture, which has not been exhibited since the beginning of the 20th century. In this context, cataloging and studying the formation of a collection is necessary for its preservation as a unique heritage. The author of the article came to the conclusion about the importance of Kazan University in the development of the archaeological foundation of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan, the role of the collected Egyptian materials in the development of Russian Egyptology and Oriental studies in the 19th century.

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Schneider, Thomas. "Foreign Egypt. Egyptology and the Concept of Cultural Appropriation." Ägypten und Levante 1 (2009): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/aeundl13s155.

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Chollier, Vincent. "Social Network Analysis in Egyptology: Benefits, Methods and Limits." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 105, no. 1 (June 2019): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307513319889329.

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This article aims at presenting a methodology for Social Network Analysis (SNA) applied to Egyptology and ancient societies studies, with its benefits and issues. One of the big issues dealing with social relationships in ancient Egypt lies in the use of kinship terminology defining relations outside the family. In that sense, SNA allows researchers to partially set aside links values contrary to traditional genealogical studies, especially for the graphical projection. Thus, biological and social brothers do not have to be distinguished using this method, although this distinction is often impossible to do. It then presents an empirical method developed using this branch of sociology on an Egyptological dataset dating back from the New Kingdom. With the help of centrality measures, SNA enabled attention to be drawn to secondary role characters at the first sight of the hieroglyphic documentation. However, studying such a type of documentation requires a cautious approach, especially regarding the nature and aim of the sources available.

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Riggs, Christina. "Nuns and Guns: Thoughts on Heritage, Histories, and Egyptology." Review of Middle East Studies 51, no. 2 (August 2017): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2017.110.

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In March 2017, the Museo Egizio in Turin, Italy opened an exhibition calledMissione Egitto 1903–1920, exploring the history of the archaeological excavations from which much of the museum's impressive (and impressively displayed) collection derives. Known as the Missione Archeologica Italiana, the excavations were overseen by the museum's then-director, Ernesto Schiaparelli—an esteemed Egyptologist and prominent Catholic philanthropist. “Mission” was one of several terms archaeologists used to identify their work in the colonial Middle East, including Egypt: the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale in Cairo originated in 1880 as the “Mission archéologique,” to take just one example (Reid 2002, 175).

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Moreno García, Juan Carlos. "Egyptology and Global History: Between Geocultural Power and the Crisis of Humanities." Journal of Egyptian History 13, no. 1-2 (February 16, 2021): 29–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340065.

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Abstract Globalization, the decline of Western hegemony, and the rise of new political and economic actors, particularly in East Asia, are concomitant with the emergence of more encompassing historical perspectives, attentive to the achievements and historical trajectories of other regions of the world. Global history provides thus a new framework to understanding our past that challenges former views based on the cultural needs, values, and expectations of the West. This means that humanities and social sciences are subject to intense scrutiny and pressed to adapt themselves to a changing cultural, academic, and intellectual environment. However, this process is hindered by the gradual loss of their former prestige and by the increasing influence of economics in the reorganization of the educational, research, and cultural agenda according to market-oriented criteria. The result is that the mobilization of the past increasingly conforms to new strategies in which connectivity, trading, and diplomatic interests, as well as integration in dynamic flows of wealth, appear of paramount importance. Egyptology is not alien to these challenges, which will in all probability reshape its very foundations in the foreseeable future.

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Tomkins, Jessica. "The Misnomer of Nomarchs." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 145, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2018-0007.

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Summary The terms “nome” and “nomarch” are widely used in Egyptology as the basic framework for discussing and understanding provincial administration of the Old to Middle Kingdoms, even though these are much later Greek terms. This article traces the origins of these words and highlights the problems encountered by applying these later terms to an earlier period of Egyptian history, and how they have obscured our understanding of the mechanics of provincial administration of the Old to Middle Kingdoms.

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Schneider, Thomas. "Hyksos Research in Egyptology and Egypt’s Public Imagination: A Brief Assessment of Fifty Years of Assessments." Journal of Egyptian History 11, no. 1-2 (October 8, 2018): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340043.

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Abstract This contribution will look at the impact that the discovery of the site of Tell el-Dabʿa (Avaris), the capital of the Hyksos, has had on the discipline of Egyptology—in other words, to assess in what ways the disciplinary and public narrative about the Hyksos Period has (or has not) changed as a consequence of the discovery of Avaris.1 It will become clear that the cultural specifics of Avaris and its historical place have had a varied reception, and that the diverging representations that can be encountered pay tribute to different strategies of acceptance or denial that perpetuate certain traditions of scholarly and public engagement with ancient Egypt.

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Salem, Leila. "Tutankhamun and Eastern Civilization: Víctor Mercante and the Beginnings of Egyptology in Argentina." Journal of Egyptian History 15, no. 1 (September 9, 2022): 107–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-bja10012.

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Abstract Even one hundred years after the discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb, its repercussions can still be felt. In this paper we analyze the book entitled Tut-Ankh-Amon y la Civilización de Oriente (1928) by Víctor Mercante, who travelled to Egypt in 1923. This is the first book about Tutankhamun ever written in Spanish. In it, Carter’s discovery is revealed to the reader and an Aegean thesis is proposed so as to understand the historical context of the ancient pharaoh. The Aegean thesis refers to a proposal made by Mercante by means of which the Aegean civilization is directly credited with all cultural, trade, and political development during the Amarna Period. Mercante’s book constitutes a piece of writing from the margins of Egyptology, within the framework of Orientalism, and it marks the beginning of the discipline in Argentina.

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Al-Rifai, Nada Yousuf. "Egyptology, Theodore Roosevelt and Lord Carnarvon in the Poetry of Ahmad Shawqi." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 10 (October 28, 2022): 259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.910.13287.

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It was Shawqi's right or rather his duty for which he was entrusted with his submissive talent, creativity, and ability to master the elements of poetry and the tools of art in addition to his strong patriotic sense and sincere national conscience to glorify the ancient civilization of Egypt. In this works, Shawqi praises Egypt’s monuments and its glory and indicates what happened to the ancient Egyptians who preceded him in the fields of science, art, building, architecture, engraving, painting, photography, and others. Shawqi referred to the pharaonic monuments in a group of his poems as part of a poem that has other purposes and in others as a complete poem with one purpose. This thinking indicates the extent of Shawqi's awareness of ancient Egyptian history, his familiarity with its events, and his use of Egyptian history in the service of poetic art.

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Karlova, Ksenia F., and Aleksander V. Safronov. "Review of the book: Bogoslovsky E.S. "New Sources for the History of Egypt in the 15th–10th Centuries B.C." Ed. by Ivan V. Bogdanov. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 2019. 260 p., ill. (“Studia Aegyptia”). ISBN 978-5-8064-2746-6 (in Russian)." Письменные памятники Востока 19, no. 2 (June 23, 2022): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55512/wmo101714.

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The published monograph of the outstanding Russian egyptologist E.S. Bogoslovsky (1941-1990) is of significant interest for two reasons: firstly, many of the ancient Egyptian monuments published here in the second half of the II millennium BC have not yet been published; secondly, it is extremely rare for Russian Egyptology to be the most detailed a prosopographic study based on the study of sources originating from the settlement of builders of royal tombs in Deir el-Medina, which is significant for the socio-economic history of ancient Egypt.

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HOFFMEIER, JAMES K. "The Evangelical Contribution to Understanding the (Early) History of Ancient Israel in Recent Scholarship." Bulletin for Biblical Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26422321.

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Abstract Although some evangelical scholars have responded to the recent movement toward historical minimalism, not enough is being done. If responsible, evangelical, historical perspectives are to bring some balance to the scholarly debate, evangelical scholars must publish more of their work in academic presses and in trade journals where they cannot be ignored. For the present writer Egyptology and sojourn-exodus narratives are of special interest. It is concluded that the principal components of the biblical story of Israel's presence in Egypt, their enslavement, their departure, and their sojourn in the Sinai wilderness are consistent with archaeological evidence. There is little justification in the conclusion that the biblical narratives lack any historical basis, but are late fictions. The theological implications of this issue are not insignificant.

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HOFFMEIER, JAMES K. "The Evangelical Contribution to Understanding the (Early) History of Ancient Israel in Recent Scholarship." Bulletin for Biblical Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/bullbiblrese.7.1.0077.

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Abstract Although some evangelical scholars have responded to the recent movement toward historical minimalism, not enough is being done. If responsible, evangelical, historical perspectives are to bring some balance to the scholarly debate, evangelical scholars must publish more of their work in academic presses and in trade journals where they cannot be ignored. For the present writer Egyptology and sojourn-exodus narratives are of special interest. It is concluded that the principal components of the biblical story of Israel's presence in Egypt, their enslavement, their departure, and their sojourn in the Sinai wilderness are consistent with archaeological evidence. There is little justification in the conclusion that the biblical narratives lack any historical basis, but are late fictions. The theological implications of this issue are not insignificant.

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Langer, Christian. "Forced Labour and Deportations in Ancient Egypt: Recent Trends and Future Possibilities." Claroscuro. Revista del Centro de Estudios sobre Diversidad Cultural, no. 19 (December 30, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi19.44.

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This contribution argues that forced migration and forced labour have been comparatively understudied topics in Egyptology. In this context, it introduces recent research on Egyptian Late Bronze Age deportation policies and paints a comprehensive picture of their political economy, including the geographic scope and societal and individual impacts on both the Egyptian and affected societies. Using this case study, the author highlights how Egyptologists can connect with scholars from other disciplines, which like International Relations and Migration Studies are more concerned with modern history and contemporary developments, to move the field forward and contribute to present-day issues.

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Schick, Robert. "Egyptology: The Missing Millennium: Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings. Okasha El-Daly." Near Eastern Archaeology 72, no. 4 (December 2009): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/nea25754031.

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Davenport, Nancy. "Pater Desiderius Lenz at Beuron: History, Egyptology, and Modernism in Nineteenth-Century German Monastic Art." Religion and the Arts 13, no. 1 (2009): 14–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852908x388359.

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AbstractThe text is an introduction to the art made by a Benedictine community of artist/monks in the village of Beuron in the state of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in southwestern Germany in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The founder of the school, Pater Desiderius Lenz, studied art in Munich, received a scholarship to work in Rome, but discovered the source for his work in the flat two-dimensional colored drawings and prints of Egyptian art in albums published by the German archaeologist, Richard Lepsius. The iconic and non-empathetic style of Beuron art inspired by Lenz's ideas and writings is discussed with respect to its source in the Benedictine experience, bonded as it is to the church walls and to the Gregorian chanting of the monastic choirs. But at the same time, because of its rejection of the form and expression of the three-dimensional world of man and nature, it is characterized as being Modernist as well, an early by-product of that twentieth century stylistic phenomenon. Through Lenz's first architectural project, the St. Maurus Chapel above the Danube near Beuron, and his evolving exploration of the subject of the Pieta, his Egypto-Modernist religious imagery is described.

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van Pelt, W. P. "J. Thompson, Wonderful Things: A History of Egyptology. Vol. 2: The Golden Age: 1881–1914." African Archaeological Review 33, no. 4 (September 10, 2016): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-016-9230-2.

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Krikh, Sergey. "Disappointment in Slavery: Late Soviet Egyptology on the Ways of Neopositivism." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 3 (2022): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080017251-3.

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The article is devoted to the changes in late Soviet Egyptology, which characterize new features in its development, manifested in the post-war period and developed to the maximum in the 1970s – 1980s. The author believes that the Soviet Egyptological school, which raised itself to the legacy of the school of B.A. Turaev, in fact it was created anew by V.V. Struve, while a feature of its development was the fact that both a formal leader (V.V. Struve himself) and an informal leader (Yu.Ya. Perepyolkin) existed in it. This determined the fact that the revision of views on ancient Egyptian society, which takes place in the late Soviet period, was somewhat different from how there was a change in views on the history of ancient Mesopotamia.Instead of a rather clearly defined conflict of generations in Soviet Assyriology, in Soviet Egyptology, on the contrary, there was a gradual, outwardly conflict-free change of landmarks. Despite the fact that there were attempts at a limited revision of Struve's concept from a general theoretical standpoint (I.A. Stuchevsky), nevertheless, the main line was to establish the cult of working with historical data, which ultimately led to a consistent tendency to abandon the use of modern terms to describe the social reality of ancient Egypt (O.D.Berlev, E.S.Bogoslovsky).From a theoretical point of view, the searches of Soviet Egyptologists were most similar to not fully reflected neopositivism, while further theoretical evolution was hampered by both external circumstances (in the form of Marxist-Leninist ideology) and the aforementioned orientation toward working with particular historical facts.

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van Doorn-Harder, Nelly. "Finding a Platform: Studying the Copts in the 19th and 20th Centuries." International Journal of Middle East Studies 42, no. 3 (July 15, 2010): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743810000486.

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Research on the Copts of Egypt has developed especially rapidly in new directions during the past twenty years. Having started as a corollary of Egyptology, it is advancing from the study of the early Christian centuries to include medieval, early modern, and contemporary Coptic Studies. Concurrently, Coptic issues are being inserted into studies of Egypt in general. Publications on the 19th century mostly ignored Copts, but they were given stereotypical cameo appearances in the prolific research on the profound transformations in 20th-century Egyptian society.

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Shalaby, Nora, Ayman Damarany, and Jessica Kaiser. "Tewfik Boulos and the Administration of Egyptian Heritage at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 106, no. 1-2 (June 2020): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307513320975788.

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Much of the research conducted into the history of Egyptology as it transitioned during the first half of the twentieth century from a collector’s backyard into an area of western-sanctioned archaeological research focuses on the experiences and perceptions of western scholars, with little attention given to the involvement or presence of Egyptians. The recent discovery of thousands of archival documents in a storeroom inside the Temple of Seti I in Abydos represents a significant and valuable dataset that can contribute to a more holistic history of the discipline that involves actors who have traditionally been side-lined. In particular, this paper focuses on a ledger (1914–15) belonging to the antiquities inspector Tewfik Boulos, shedding light on his role and responsibilities in the day-to-day administration of sites in the inspectorates of Sohag and Assiut, contextualizing his experiences and ultimately working towards a history of the field that is inclusive and multi-layered.

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Carruthers, William. "The rise and fall of ancient Egypt? Egyptology's never-ending story." Antiquity 85, no. 330 (November 2011): 1444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00062165.

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In an op-ed piece onThe Wall Street Journal'swebsite promoting his latest book,The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt(Wilkinson, T. 2010), Toby Wilkinson draws parallels between events in Egypt's past to those in its present. “The current situation in Egypt”, we are told, “comes as no surprise to a student of the country's long history” (Wilkinson, T. 2011). It is only appropriate to observe, then, that the problematic nature of Wilkinson's book comes as no surprise to a historian of Egyptology. Both it — and the accompanying comparison of the country's past to its present — are part of a long tradition (although tradition is too positive a word) of questionable Egyptological analysis.

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Smith, H. S., and D. G. Jeffreys. "A survey of Memphis, Egypt." Antiquity 60, no. 229 (July 1986): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00058488.

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The Egypt Exploration Society's Survey of Memphis was begun in 1982, the aim being to provide a full documentation for the past study of a much-neglected national capital of the ancient near east: indeed, as the authors of this article remark, ‘A history of ancient Egypt which omitted Memphis would be like a history of ancient Italy which omitted Rome’. The programme of investigation is being undertaken in the face of encroaching agricultural and residential development, and an ever-rising water table. Excavation may be regarded as auxiliary to broader survey and environmental questions. The authors are Professor Harry Smith, Edwards Professor of Egyptology, who has worked in Egypt for the last 30 years, including the groundwork for the Unesco-backed Nubian survey in the 1960s; and David Jeffreys (Research Assistant at UCL) who has worked for 16 years on sites in the UK, Egypt, Syria and Jordan.

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Davies, Vanessa. "Egypt and Egyptology in the pan-African discourse of Amy Jacques Garvey and Marcus Garvey." Mare Nostrum 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 147–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p147-178.

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Amy Jacques Garvey and Marcus Garvey argued for the Africanity of ancient Nile Valley cultures, in direct opposition to some academics. In early 20th-century United States, incorrect narratives alleged that Africa had no history. The Garveys, and other Black intellectuals, looked to the Nile Valley to show the absurdity of that claim. The pan-Africanism of Garveyism instilled pride in African descended communities and united them against colonial structures. Pan-Africanism factored strongly in President Gamal Abdel Nasser’s conception of the modern nation-state of Egypt. Egyptian scholars from a variety of fields, including Nile Valley studies, continue to understand ancient Egypt as part of a network of African cultures. Keywords: Amy Jacques Garvey, Marcus Garvey, Gamal Abdel Nasser, pan-Africanism, Egyptology, Egypt

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Schneider, Thomas. "Ägyptologen im Dritten Reich: Biographische Notizen anhand der sogenannten „Steindorff-Liste“." Journal of Egyptian History 5, no. 1-2 (2012): 120–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187416612x632526.

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Abstract The history of Egyptology in the Third Reich has never been the subject of academic analysis. This article gives a detailed overview of the biographies of Egyptologists in National Socialist Germany and their later careers after the Second World War. It scrutinizes their attitude towards the ideology of the Third Reich and their involvement in the political and intellectual Gleichschaltung of German Higher Education, as well as the impact National Socialism had on the discourse within the discipline. A letter written in 1946 by Georg Steindorff, one of the emigrated German Egyptologists, to John Wilson, Professor at the Oriental Institute Chicago, which incriminated former colleagues and exonerated others, is first published here and used as a framework for the debate.

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Depuydt, Leo. "New Date for the Second Persian Conquest, End of Pharaonic and Manethonian Egypt: 340/39 B.C.E." Journal of Egyptian History 3, no. 2 (2010): 191–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187416610x541709.

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AbstractArtaxerxes III’s conquest of Egypt signified the end of Egypt of the Pharaohs. For more than half a century now, the event has been dated to either 343 B.C.E. or 342 B.C.E. Detailed calibrations focus on the winter of 343/42 B.C.E., especially early 342 B.C.E. Yet, there is no evidence whatsoever for this date. The presumed evidence has escaped scrutiny in Egyptology because it involves subtle reasoning about the supposed purport of Classical Greek sources whose chronology is uncertain or whose authenticity is in doubt. The surviving sources instead unambiguously point to an interval lasting from November of 340 B.C.E. to the summer of 339 B.C.E. as the time when the conquest most probably took place. This date can be styled as 340/39 B.C.E. The slash signifies a time interval shorter than two full years ‐ in this case also shorter than a year ‐ that spans two Julian years. The conquest is therefore dated here to roughly three years later than when everyone now assumes it took place.

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Frost, Robert R. "A forgotten chapter in Egyptology: Sir John Gardner Wilkinson's investigations into a dynamic Nile." Journal of Historical Geography 75 (January 2022): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2022.02.001.

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Stehlík, Michal. "Exhibition Policy of the National Museum 2017−2020." Muzeum: Muzejní a vlastivedná práce 55, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmvp-2017-0039.

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Abstract The National Museum (NM) is preparing several temporary exhibitions in all of its buildings, along with preparing new permanent exhibitions in the New and Historical Buildings. All parts of the National Museum are incorporated in the preparation of new exhibitions, i.e. the Historical Museum, Natural History Museum, Czech Museum of Music, Náprstek Museum and the National Museum Library. In 2017, these exhibition projects are: Light and Life, Masaryk as a Phenomenon, and Indians. In 2018, the National Museum will present the Czech-Slovak / Slovak-Czech exhibition, which will reflect the 100th anniversary of the founding of Czechoslovakia, together with selected moments of Czechoslovakian history and the relationship of these two nations. 2019 could bring the opening of the grand Egyptology exposition Sun Kings and also new Natural history expositions. The remaining permanent expositions should be opened in 2020. The exhibitions in this period will likely recall some important anniversaries (1620, 1920). In future years, the renovation of the Czech Museum of Music and Náprstek Museum will take place.

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Schipper, Bernd Ulrich. "Raamses, Pithom, and the Exodus: A Critical Evaluation of Ex 1:11." Vetus Testamentum 65, no. 2 (May 8, 2015): 265–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12301194.

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Up to the present, the brief notice on the storage cities of “Pithom” and “Raamses” and the forced labour of the Israelites in Ex 1:11 has been taken as the historical nucleus of a possible exodus scenario under Ramesses ii. This article presents a critical evaluation of the classical theory, taking into account recent insights in Archaeology, Egyptology, and Philology. Since a number of arguments call the classical theory into question, a historical background of Ex 1:11 in the late 7th century bce becomes more likely, when Judahites had to perform forced labour for the Egyptian hegemon in the Southern Levant.

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Radivilov, Danylo, and Olena Romanova. "“Arabian letters” of Sergiy Donich: from biography of oriental scholar and archaeologist." Materials and studies on archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian area 23 (November 26, 2019): 419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/mdapv.2019-23-419-435.

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The paper introduces into academic discourse two letters by S. Donich to the famous Ukrainian orientalist A. Krymskyi. The letters were written in January, 1927, before the Donich’s academic career as an Egyptologist, an archaeologist and a museum curator was started. Both letters were compiled in Arabic; the first letter was more thorough and was compiled as a sample of traditional Arabic letter (it includes coloured basmala and colophon), another letter was brief and written in European style. Such way of communication was chosen by S. Donich (amateur who independently studied oriental languages at that moment) to demonstrate his competence in Arabic to A. Krymskyi, the leading Arabist of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, and USSA at that time. S. Donich wrote about his interest in oriental languages and their study, about his fascination for Oriental Studies, and about his difficult life circumstances that interfered him to become an academic orientalist. Donich emphasized he was a devotee of the Arabic language and informed about his translation of “The Thousand and One Night”. Some fragments of his translation into Russian he included into the letter. Thus S. Donich hoped to declare himself as a potential candidacy for further oriental study. The analysis of the content of the letters in a broader historical context, and in combination with other archive documents related to S. Donich, A. Krymskyi, and the academic Oriental Studies institutions of USSR, make it possible to uncover the circumstances in which of the individual orientalists lived and made their careers in the 1920s. It also provides us with some new facts of the biography and professional activity of S. Donich, as well as it makes possible to verify some previously known information about him. An assumption was made that these letters led to a new period of the Donich’s life, his turning to the Oriental Studies, with his later career as an Egyptologist, a museum curator and an archaeologist with his continuous interest in Arabic studies and other fields of Oriental Studies. The appendix provides a complete translation of the Arabic letters into Ukrainian together with and photographs of the documents. Key words: Ukrainian Museum Egyptology, History of Ukrainian Science, History of Ukrainian Humanities, History of Egyptology, History of Oriental Studies in Ukraine, S. Donich, A. Krymskyi.

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Timofeeva, N. "From the History of Soviet Oriental Studies: new archival sources on the development of Egyptology in 1940s – 1960s." Oriental Studies 2018, no. 81 (June 30, 2018): 130–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/skhodoznavstvo2018.81.130.

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Levitin, Dmitri. "Egyptology, the limits of antiquarianism, and the origins of conjectural history, c. 1680–1740: new sources and perspectives." History of European Ideas 41, no. 6 (January 19, 2015): 699–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2014.989677.

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Vymazalová, Hana, and Petra Havelková. "Shepespuptah Idu According to Evidence from his Rock-Cut Tomb at Abusir South." Annals of the Náprstek Museum 37, no. 2 (2016): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anpm-2017-0014.

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The article discusses evidence uncovered by the mission of the Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague at the necropolis of Abusir near Egypt’s capital Cairo. The tomb of Shepespuptah Idu was one of the four rock-cut tombs in the tomb complex of Princess Sheretnebty in Abusir South. It was uncovered in 2012 and its exploration continued until 2013. The identity of the tomb owner is known from hieratic inscriptions in his tomb chapel, which tell us about his name, nickname and titles. Shepespuptah held administrative titles associated with legal matters and royal offerings and the latter offices connect him with the economy of the royal funerary cults. The burial of Shepespuptah, which was found in his sarcophagus reveals interesting details about his health.

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Macková, Adéla Jůnová. "Summer Retreats, Travel, and Family in the Life of František Lexa (1876–1960), The First Czechoslovak Egyptologist." Annals of the Náprstek Museum 39, no. 2 (2018): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anpm-2018-0012.

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The study will explore the family and the family milieu of the first Czechoslovak Egyptologist František Lexa, founder and first director of the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology, expert on Egyptian philology, especially demotic languages, and mentor of two important Egyptologists, Jaroslav Černý, professor at Oxford University, and Zbyněk Žába, professor at Charles University, Prague. The study will analyse the social status of Lexa’s family and the importance of his marriage in shaping his scientific life and consider the everyday routines of this scientist’s household, including the claims demanded by the requirements of bringing up three children. As a specific focus, we will try to introduce the everyday life of a travelling scientist, particularly during holidays spent with family abroad, and illuminate the significance of summer retreats in shaping a scientists’ familial travel experience.

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Shubin, Vladimir. "African studies in Russia (with special reference to the Institute of African Studies, Moscow)." African Research & Documentation 86 (2001): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00019403.

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The history of African Studies in Russia goes back to the 19th century. Traditionally two fields were most developed - Egyptology and Ethiopian Studies. Several Russian explorers travelled to East Africa and the Horn of Africa at the end of that century. After the 1917 revolution, more attention was paid to the anti-colonial struggle of the African peoples and the workers’ movement.The first centres of African Studies were created in the early 1930s in Moscow as an African cabinet in the short-lived Scientific Research Association for the Study of National and Colonial Problems and die African Section of the so-called Communist University of the Toiling Peoples of the East. In 1945 the Department of African Languages was founded at the Leningrad (St. Petersburg) State University, followed by the African Section in the Institute of Ethnography and the African Department in the Institute for Oriental Studies.

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Shubin, Vladimir. "African studies in Russia (with special reference to the Institute of African Studies, Moscow)." African Research & Documentation 86 (2001): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00019403.

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The history of African Studies in Russia goes back to the 19th century. Traditionally two fields were most developed - Egyptology and Ethiopian Studies. Several Russian explorers travelled to East Africa and the Horn of Africa at the end of that century. After the 1917 revolution, more attention was paid to the anti-colonial struggle of the African peoples and the workers’ movement.The first centres of African Studies were created in the early 1930s in Moscow as an African cabinet in the short-lived Scientific Research Association for the Study of National and Colonial Problems and die African Section of the so-called Communist University of the Toiling Peoples of the East. In 1945 the Department of African Languages was founded at the Leningrad (St. Petersburg) State University, followed by the African Section in the Institute of Ethnography and the African Department in the Institute for Oriental Studies.

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Curl, J. S. "Egypt in Rome – an introductory essay II: The Villa Adriana and the beginnings of Egyptology." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 25, no. 2 (February 2000): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030801800679143.

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Nagy, Adrienn. "Beszámoló a IX. Current Research in Egyptology szimpóziumról(Manchester, 2008. január 9-11.)." Antik Tanulmányok 52, no. 1 (June 1, 2008): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/anttan.52.2008.1.13.

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Lebedev, Maksim. "Non-Standard Old Kingdom Burials in the Context of Egyptian Ideas about the Afterlife." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp2221931.

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The paper deals with the problem of identifying and analyzing non-standard (alternative, deviant, extraordinary, atypical) Egyptian burials of the Old Kingdom (27th—22nd centuries BCE). On the territory of the Nile Valley, non-standard features are usually recorded in orientation of the body of the deceased or its position, manipulations with the body (skeleton) parts, incompleteness of the body (skeleton), and other features that are not consistent with the common burial rite. The problems associated with the study of ancient Egyptian non-normative burial practices are considered in connection to manipulations with heads (skulls) reported from Egyptian necropolises. The author discusses the place of non-standard practices in the structure of Egyptian funerary activities as well as possible reasons for such deviations with relation to Egyptian ideas about the afterlife. Among the main problems associated with the study of non-standard burials, the lack of securely recorded archaeological contexts and the absence of paleopathological reports are discussed. Finally, the paper considers perspectives on the study of non-normative ancient Egyptian burials at the present stage of the development of Egyptology.

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Vasiljević, Vera. "Ancient Egypt in our Cultural Heritage?" Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 8, no. 3 (February 27, 2016): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v8i3.10.

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Inspiration derived from ancient Egypt is usually expressed through the Egyptian motifs in arts and popular culture of the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as through the non-scientific interpretations of the culture, very much based upon the Renaissance ones. The number and variety of material and non-material traces of this fascination are most expressed in the countries where, along with the early support for the institutional development of Egyptology, there existed economically potent educated middle classes (Western and Central Europe, USA), but may also be traced elsewhere. The public fascination by ancient Egypt has not ceased by the times of foundation of Egyptology, marked by the decipherment of the hieroglyphic script in 1822. Until the end of the 20th century Egyptologists have rarely dealt with the prelude to their discipline, limiting their interest to the critical approach to ancient sources and to noting the attempts to interpret the hieroglyphic script and the function of pyramids. However, the rising importance of the reception studies in other disciplines raised the interest of Egyptologists for the "fascination of Egypt", thus changing the status of various modes of expressing "Egyptomania" – they have thus become a part of the cultural heritage, registered, documented, preserved and studied. The research of this kind is only beginning in Serbia. The line of inquiry enhances the knowledge of the scope, manifestations and roles of the interest in Egypt, not limited by the national or political borders. On the other hand, the existence of the cultural heritage similar to the wider European view of ancient Egypt – short remarks by Jerotej Račanin, Kandor by Atanasije Stojković, the usage of architectural motifs derived from Egypt, the emergence of small private collections, to mention several early examples – all show that the research into the reception of ancient Egypt may contribute to the knowledge about the history and understanding of the complexity of the cultural life of Serbia.

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Хазина, А. В., and Л. В. Софронова. "The historical researches and cognitivistics: The latest trends and traditional paradoxes." Диалог со временем, no. 79(79) (August 20, 2022): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.79.79.035.

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В статье дается краткий обзор нескольких исследовательских проектов, осуществляемых в рамках нового интердисциплинарного пространства – когнитивных наук, в их взаимодействии с различными гуманитарными дисциплинами: египтология, медиевистика, антропология, лингвистика и др. Анализируются некоторые методологические проблемы и концептуальные прорывы именно таких «граничных» исследований. Прослеживаются закономерности, характерные для междисциплинарных исследований не только в пределах гуманитарных дисциплин, но и на «границах» между гуманитаристикой и «естественными науками». Подчеркивается продуктивность «взаимных интервенций» когнитивистики и гуманитаристики, которая способствует преодолению «атомизма» как внутри наук гуманитарного цикла, так и на «фронтирах» между ними и естественно-научными дисциплинами. The article provides a brief overview of several modern research projects carried out within the framework of the new interdisciplinary field - cognitive sciences in their interaction with various humanitarian disciplines: Egyptology, medieval studies, anthropology, linguistics, etc. Some methodological problems and conceptual breakthroughs of such “frontier” studies are analyzed. The authors try to emphasize some features of interdisciplinary research not only within the humanitarian disciplines, but also on the "boundaries" between the humanities and STEM (Science, Technologies, Engineering, Mathematics). Despite of some discrepancy of such interdisciplinary researches, they also show a great productivity of “mutual interventions” between the cognitive science and humanities, a kind of reciprocity, which contributes to overcoming “atomism” both within the humanities and on the “frontiers” between humanities and STEM.

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Uljas, Sami. "The Destruction of ‘Mankind’." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 149, no. 2 (October 27, 2022): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0006.

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Summary The phonological changes undergone by the word rmṯ, ‘person’, are shown to have clashed with its emblematic and almost logographic written form established at the end of the Old Kingdom. The orthography of the lexeme was highly resistant to alterations in its phonology, which resulted in two changes of its gender over time, from original masculine to feminine, and finally back to masculine. However, Egyptian scribes sometimes tried to solve this discrepancy, and in one instance such attempts resulted in what in Egyptology has often been assumed to be a separate lexeme for ‘mankind’. It is argued here, however, that the said word never existed and that its alleged attestations exemplify one solution to the particular mismatches between traditional writing and spoken form of the word rmṯ.

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Jirásková, Lucie. "Stone Offering Tables of the Early Dynasty Period and the Old Kingdom Reconsidered." Archiv orientální 81, no. 2 (September 12, 2013): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.81.2.125-148.

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The article presents a particular group of objects – stone offering tables – uncovered in the mastaba AS 54 at Abusir South (Egypt) during the excavations of the Czech Institute of Egyptology, and on the basis of their classification reconsiders the so far published material of the same kind. Among the group of stone tables which represent common types that are to be found in publications of previous excavations, a peculiar piece was reconstructed from the fragments that were brought to light in the Spring season, 2010. The unusual features clearly visible on the lower part can be regarded as a kind of support for a stand that has not been considered for stone tables so far. Such a hypothesis was supported by another piece of a stone table that was documented a year later and bore the same feature. Moreover, another piece of an offering table found at the royal necropolis of Abusir seems to bear traces of a similar depression. Based on the new material, the author presents the available types of stone offering tables, interprets their construction possibilities and further historical development implications. The results of the analysis point to a well organized system of stone table production and general knowledge of the craftsmen who created them.

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Rubel, Alexander. "Persönliche Frömmigkeit und religiöses Erlebnis Wesenszüge der griechischen Religion am Beispiel von Heilkulten." Numen 60, no. 4 (2013): 447–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341276.

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Abstract Ancient Greek healing cults can be studied in the context of “personal piety.” This article emphasizes personal aspects of the Greek religion. It shows that the concept of “polis religion” does not embrace major aspects of ancient Greek piety. I analyze the direct and personal relation of worshippers in healing cults, especially that of Apollo, with the deity. By doing so, I put forward a new reading of Greek religion in the context of the concept of “personal piety” developed in Egyptology. The well-known “embeddedness” of religion in the structures of the Ancient Greek city-state led to a one-sided view of ancient Greek religion, as well as to aspects of ritual and “cult” predominating in research. Simultaneously, aspects of “belief ” are often labelled as inadequate in describing Greek (and Roman) religion. Religion as ritual and cult is simply one side of the coin. Personal aspects of religion, and direct contact with the deity, based on “belief,” are thus the other side of the coin. It follows that they are also the fundament of ritual. It is necessary to combine “polis religion” with “personal piety” to display a complete picture of Greek religion. The Isyllos inscription from Epidaurus is presented here as a final and striking example for this view. It reports the foundation of a cult of the polis on behalf of a personal religious experience.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Egyptology – History'

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