Academic literature on the topic 'Egyptian Old Kingdom – statistical analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Egyptian Old Kingdom – statistical analysis"
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Vetokhov, Sergey V. "Door Construction of Ancient Egyptian Rock-Cut Tombs at the Eastern Plateau of the Giza Necropolis." Oriental Courier, no. 2 (2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310021617-6.
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On the basis of extensive material obtained during the work of the Russian archaeological mission, a generalization of the structural design of doors in Ancient Egyptian rock-cut tombs on the Eastern Plateau of Giza was carried out. The analysis showed that the size and structural design of the doors are directly related to the time of the chapel construction, the wealth of the tomb owner and natural or artificial features of the rocky area. Thus, the first rock-cut tombs whose owners had a high social status, which began to be built from the middle of the V dynasty on the eastern edge of the Eastern Plateau, are distinguished not only by their large size and extensive pictorial program of chapel decoration, but also by wide passages, inserted drums of better stone and well executed door fastening places. While towards the end of the Old Kingdom, when the Necropolis became compact and generally impoverished, there was a marked tendency not only to reduce the size of the passages to the chapels, but also to simplify the door arrangement and even to abandon the doors in most of the tombs. The development of gentle rocky areas and areas of poor rock quality in V–VI dynasties, leads to the appearance of steps to descend into the chapel, open courtyards and reduced dimensions of the passages to maintain their strength. Statistical analysis of the width of the passages and drums height in the chapels of the 72 currently available rock-cut tombs has demonstrated the existence of stable dimensional standards at the beginning of the development of the rock massif (c. mid V dynasty). For example, the tombs that appeared first in the tomb groups had an opening width of 10 or 12 ancient Egyptian palms (76–80 or 90–98 cm) and a drum height of 4 or 7 palms (30 or 52 cm). But towards the end of the Old Kingdom the width of the passages is reduced to about 8 palms (about 60 cm) and the height of the drums above the passages to 17 cm, and in many cases they disappear from the decoration of the entrances.
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Ambers, J. "Raman analysis of pigments from the Egyptian Old Kingdom." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 35, no. 89 (July 6, 2004): 768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1187.
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Popielska-Grzybowska, Joanna. "Picturing the Pharaoh Through Language – Remarks on the Linguistic Image of the Egyptian King in the Old Kingdom Religious Texts." Studies in Ancient Art and Civilisation 18 (December 30, 2014): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/saac.18.2014.18.09.
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The author of the paper aims at scrutinising the linguistic image of the Egyptian pharaoh in the so-called Pyramid Texts. Was the Egyptian ruler perceived as a human representative of the god on Earth or rather was he a or the god himself? Special emphasis will be put on names and epithets of the King when described or referred to in religious texts of the Old Kingdom. This study is planned as a part of a future research project on picturing the pharaoh through language in religious and royal texts from the beginning of the Old Kingdom till the end of the New Kingdom, and realised in cooperation with Dr. Andrzej Ćwiek and Jadwiga Iwaszczuk.Furthermore, the paper is also a presentation of use of ethnolinguistic methods in Egyptology. Using scholarly methods of the ‘linguistic worldview’ research project in which the present author participates, it is intended to study selected ancient Egyptian concepts. Although language analysis as well as widely understood and studied ‘life context’ of ancient religious notions let us only a textual and linguistic reconstruction of the world presented, concurrently, helps us understand better the Egyptian religious way of description and thinking.
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Leary, Nicolle. "Fit for the Job: Proportion and the Portrayal of Cattle in Egyptian Old and Middle Kingdom Elite Tomb Imagery." Arts 10, no. 1 (February 7, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10010013.
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Depictions of the natural world are an intrinsic feature of Egyptian visual culture, with the vast array of imagery documenting animals a testimony to the fundamental role they played. Despite the significance of animals in Egypt, an anthropocentric bias still exists in research on the methods used by practitioners during initial scene composition. To help bridge the divide, the author herein undertook an investigation to determine if proportional guides were in place when rendering animal figures in ancient Egyptian elite tomb imagery of the Old and Middle Kingdoms. A notable outcome of the proportional analysis was the identification of two distinct body-types for domestic cattle (Bos taurus taurus). The aim of the current paper is to further examine these proportional differences to explore if variations in physique (namely the distance between the chest floor and withers) were rendered by Egyptian practitioners to reflect the conditions in which they appeared by considering two overarching factors: (1) biological factors and (2) contextual factors. As such, the study will employ proportional analysis to challenge the prevailing perspective of a deregulated approach when illustrating fauna in elite tomb imagery, highlighting the significance of animals within ancient Egypt.
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Atwa, Dina M., Shimaa Ibrahim, Chiaramaria Stani, Giovanni Birarda, Nehal Ali, Emam Abdullah, Lisa Vaccari, et al. "Biodeterioration Assessment of a Unique Old Pharaonic Kingdom Wooden Statue Using Advanced Diagnostic Techniques." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 7020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147020.
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A recently discovered Egyptian wooden statue of King Djedefre was studied together with some surrounding burial soil samples for assessing the statue biodeterioration. The wooden morphological characterisation identified the hardwood Acacia nilotica as the wood type. X-ray diffraction, micro-FT-IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with an X-ray spectrometer were used to evaluate the wood deterioration degree and the soil contribution in wood biodeterioration. Microbiological analyses (fluorescent in situ hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction) were also performed to detect the microbial attack on the statue. The prolonged interaction of the statue with the burial environment caused a strong wood decay due to biotic (fungi and bacteria) and abiotic factors (e.g., humidity fluctuations of the burial environment), which caused the severe cracking and collapsing of the wood structures. The analyses of the burial soil mineral composition were relevant for obtaining an overall picture of the statue deterioration. The results are useful for planning the right conservation procedures for this very particular and important wooden statue. Furthermore, analysis of the woody cell wall will help in the selection of appropriate consolidation and recovery treatments. Because the statue is a unique single piece of wood, and the morphological observations indicated that it is a bald woman in a sitting position, this statue will provide new and interesting knowledge of Egyptian culture.
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Kutscher, Silvia. "Multimodale graphische Kommunikation im pharaonischen Ägypten: Entwurf einer Analysemethode." Lingua Aegyptia - Journal of Egyptian Language Studies 28 (November 2020): 81–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.37011/lingaeg.28.03.
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“Multimodal graphic communication in Ancient Egypt: A method for analysis”: This article presents a method to analyse Hieroglyphic-Egyptian artefacts based on the semiotic approach of multimodality. In a first step, the theoretical background of multimodality research is given and its methodological application to Hieroglyphic-Egyptian text-image-compositions is discussed. In a second step, the method is illustrated analysing a relief from an Old Kingdom mastaba in Giza – the will of Wep-em-nefert (G8882). In a third step, some graphic techniques for information structuring are compared to similar techniques that can be found in Franco-Belgian comics. In indenting semiotic methods of multimodality research with Egyptology, this article presents a new perspective for the investigation of Hieroglyphic-Egyptian artefacts, which opens new grounds for both research areas and for interdisciplinary dialog.
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Bárta, Miroslav, Veronika Dulíková, Radek Mařík, and Matej Cibuľa. "Modelling the Dynamics of Ancient Egyptian State During the Old Kingdom Period: Hidden Markov Models and Social Network Analysis." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 149, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2020-0017.
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Summary The present study aims to outline new, more adjusted approaches of research addressing social complexity of past societies. In doing so, we use varied evidence to detect major ‘leap events’ in the history of ancient Egypt which were reflected by the state administration and its fluctuating complexity. The archaeological and inscriptional evidence shows that crucial changes in history had a non-linear, punctuated character. To reveal their true character, newly developed mathematical models have been applied. The analyses of early complex civilisations have made a noticeable progress recently. The current scholarship pays significant attention to a processual approach, description of the dynamics and its interpretation against the specific background formed by varied datasets originating from disciplines such as archaeology, history, art history, philology or environmental sciences to name but a few of the most relevant ones. Within this context, Old Kingdom Egypt evidence is reassessed using specific methods of analysis and interpretation. The ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom (2592–2120 BC), one of the earliest territorial states on this planet, is still frequently considered to be a homogenous continuum of isolated historical events manifested in various forms of architecture, art or religion. Some recent studies applied to its study put emphasis on a non-linear, ‘punctuated approach’ which appears to provide some new important perspectives on this traditional problem. The application of modern mathematical methods based on Hidden Markov Models and Social Network Analysis significantly changes this view. These methods have the potential to detail a vivid, heterogenous process of historical progress as a punctuated equilibria model, as a non-linear system with changing dynamics of its development in time. In this process, human agency, the rise and fluctuation of complexity and particular strategies of different social groups played significant roles and can be detected with the help of impartial approaches. The emerging picture can be used not only to describe the evolution of a past society but also for comparative purposes when studying the dynamics of past or present societies.
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Bardoňová, Martina. "Changing Concept of the Royal Grain Management in Egypt (2600-1650 BC)." Archiv orientální 89, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.89.1.35-61.
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The present study concerns a longue durée evolution of the ancient Egyptian Snw.ty from the time of its foundation during the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom (ca 2600–1650 BC). During this time, Snw.ty was the apex of the royal grain management as an important royal tool and intermediary between the producers and receivers of the grain. The objective of this study is to determine how Snw.ty was used during this time and how its operations transformed with respect to changing royal administration and policies. The analysis is based on observation of term’s use transformations which might be indicative of its changing sense, as found in written documents referring to both Snw.ty and related Snw.wt installations.
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AL-Khafif, Ghada Darwish, Rokia El-Banna, Nancy Khattab, Tamer Gad Rashed, and Salwa Dahesh. "The Immunodetection of Non-Falciparum Malaria in Ancient Egyptian Bones (Giza Necropolis)." BioMed Research International 2018 (July 30, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9058108.
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The detection of falciparum malaria in ancient Egyptian remains had been performed by many authors using several methodologies including the use of rapid diagnostic tests. Through the immunochromatographic analysis of bony specimens from Giza skeletal collection dated to Old Kingdom, we provide first evidence of non-falciparum malaria in Ancient Egypt. The histidine-rich protein-2 (HRP2) specific toPlasmodium falciparumwas absent in 100% of examined samples, while aldolase, common to the four types of plasmodial pathogens causing human malaria, was detected in 56% of individuals with no significant difference between the two tested social groups: high officials (HO) and workers (W). It is suggested that the main risk factor was the presence of residences near natural and artificial waterways, which allowed prolonged contact between the vector and human host.
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Salem, Yussri, and Manal Ahmed Maher. "An Early Egyptian Copper Basin: Characterization and Case of Warty Corrosion." Sumerianz Journal of Social Science, no. 51 (January 25, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjss.51.1.12.
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The work aims to study the manufacturing technique, microstructure features, and morphology and mechanism corrosion of a hammered copper basin belonging to one of the early metallurgy ages in ancient Egypt ( the old kingdom). The examination and analysis were carried out by USB microscope, polarized light microscope, scanning electron microscope equipped energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that the basin was made of pure copper metal and manufactured as one piece by a hammering method. Metallographic examination showed a recrystallized microstructure, composed by the mechanical process for manufacturing the basin throughout hammering and annealing. The cylindrical body (rim) was in well- preserved state although it was covered with a thin layer of usual green corrosion products. The pustules of warty corrosion were formed on the inner surface of the rim. The curly shape of malachite corrosion were also observed. The morphology and mechanism of warty corrosion were presented and the difference between this type and the pitting corrosion was discussed. The characterization of the basin contributed to understanding and evaluating the preservation condition, which contributes to choosing the appropriate conservation process.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Egyptian Old Kingdom – statistical analysis"
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Van, Pelt Willem Paul. "Pyramids, proteins, and pathogens : a cultural and scientific analysis of Egyptian Old Kingdom pyramid mortars." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708868.
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Furlong, Pierce James. "Aspects of ancient Near Eastern chronology (c. 1600-700 BC)." Melbourne, 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2096.
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The chronology of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Near East is currently a topic of intense scholarly debate. The conventional/orthodox chronology for this period has been assembled over the past one-two centuries using information from King-lists, royal annals and administrative documents, primarily those from the Great Kingdoms of Egypt, Assyria and Babylonia. This major enterprise has resulted in what can best be described as an extremely complex but little understood jigsaw puzzle composed of a multiplicity of loosely connected data. I argue in my thesis that this conventional chronology is fundamentally wrong, and that Egyptian New Kingdom (Memphite) dates should be lowered by 200 years to match historical actuality. This chronological adjustment is achieved in two stages: first, the removal of precisely 85 years of absolute Assyrian chronology from between the reigns of Shalmaneser II and Ashur-dan II; and second, the downward displacement of Egyptian Memphite dates relative to LBA Assyrian chronology by a further 115 years. Moreover, I rely upon Kuhnian epistemology to structure this alternate chronology so as to make it methodologically superior to the conventional chronology in terms of historical accuracy, precision, consistency and testability.
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Dulíková, Veronika. "Vláda panovníka Nyuserrea a její vliv na vývoj egyptského státu. Skokové období v době Staré říše." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353530.
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The present thesis deals with the reign of Nyuserre, one of great Old Kingdom rulers who ruled in the mid-Fifth Dynasty (2402-2374+25 BC). A transformation of whole society of ancient Egypt came to pass during his reign as a consequence of the events in the late Fourth and early Fifth Dynasties, when the highest posts in the administrative system had passed over from members of the royal family to dignitaries of non-royal origin. This fact had been reflected in whole society and started numerous rivulets of change, which merged in a single river in Nyuserre's reign. The gradual transformation of Egyptian society from a kingdom to a state took place during this crucial period, and a number of innovations came about in various spheres (religion, society, administration, tomb architecture, etc.), mirroring a change in the participation in power. This situation was reflected primarily in dignitaries' tombs dated to the given period, which became indicators of the transformation of society. The research is focused on an analysis more than 100 tombs of high-ranking individuals and their family members, and particularly of their titulary, offering formulae, false doors (the central point of the funerary cult), etc. The individual chapters of the present thesis exemplify the most noticeable changes in...
Books on the topic "Egyptian Old Kingdom – statistical analysis"
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van, Walsem René, ed. Iconography of Old Kingdom elite tombs: Analysis & interpretation, theoretical and methodological aspects. Dudley, MA: Peeters, 2005.
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Walsem, Rene Van, and Renee Van Walsem. Iconography of Old Kingdom Elite Tombs: Analysis and Interpretation, Theoretical and Method (Mededelingen en Verhandelingen Van Het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch ... Genootschap "Ex Oriente Lux", 35). Peeters, 2006.
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Prakash, Tara. Ancient Egyptian Prisoner Statues. Lockwood Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/2022884.
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During the Old Kingdom, the ancient Egyptians constructed elaborately decorated mortuary monuments for their pharaohs. By the late Old Kingdom (ca. 2435-2153 BCE), these pyramid complexes began to contain a new and unique type of statue, the so-called prisoner statues. Despite being known to Egyptologists for decades, these statues of kneeling, bound foreign captives have been only partially documented, and questions surrounding their use, treatment, and exact meaning have remained unanswered. Ancient Egyptian Prisoner Statues-the first comprehensive analysis of the prisoner statues-addresses this gap, demonstrating that the Egyptians conceived of and used the prisoner statues differently over time as a response to contemporary social, cultural, and historical changes. In the process, the author contributes new data and interpretations on topics as diverse as the purpose and function of the pyramid complex, the ways in which the Egyptians understood and depicted ethnicity, and the agency of artists in ancient Egypt. Ultimately, this volume provides a fuller understanding of not only the prisoner statues but also the Egyptian late Old Kingdom as a whole.
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Zago, Silvia. A Journey through the Beyond. Lockwood Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/2022532.
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This volume offers the first comprehensive overview of the evolution over time of a foundational concept of the Egyptian afterlife beliefs, the Duat, or netherworld. The Duat is a complicated, multifaceted notion, which was never canonized into a single version of the beyond, but offered instead a variety of alternatives attempting to describe the metaphysical realms beyond the visible world, and beyond life. Theological speculations gave rise to a rich textual and visual repertoire, which underwent a process of evolution over thousands of years, during which newer ideas and images were constantly introduced. Through the analysis of royal and non-royal funerary texts from the late Old Kingdom to the end of the New Kingdom, this book traces the development of the conceptualization of the notion of Duat, outlining what it encompassed and where it was imagined to be located. In addition to the translation and discussion of the most significant passages of the texts analyzed, each chapter also provides an overview of the individual compositions and of the relevant theological, cosmological, and astronomical notions complementing the conceptual framework, of which the Duat formed but a part. Additionally, discussions of concurrent changes in Egyptian culture, society, and ideology are included in order to clarify the context in which afterlife beliefs and related texts evolved. An analysis of the correlation between funerary compositions and their material supports complements the study, emphasizing the Egyptians' belief in a magical synergy between texts, images, and their contexts in the activation of a suitable, effective afterlife for the recipients of the texts.
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Gabler, Kathrin, Rita Gautschy, Lukas Bohnenkämper, Hanna Jenni, Clémentine Reymond, Ruth Zillhardt, Andrea Loprieno-Gnirs, and Hans-Hubertus Münch, eds. Text-Bild-Objekte im archäologischen Kontext: Festschrift für Susanne Bickel. Widmaier Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37011/studmon.22.
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Ancient Egypt has bequeathed us a rich archaeological heritage of texts and images. Their meaning often becomes apparent only when their spatial dimension is taken into account. Informed by Susanne Bickel's epigraphic and archaeological research, the present volume focuses on the interplay of textual and visual perspectives in the analysis of Egyptian monuments and their spatial location. «Text-Bild-Objekte im archäologischen Kontext» unfolds this research perspective in 17 contributions, that combine text, image and spatial context, intended to describe both the contents and the methodology. The thematic spectrum of the contributions ranges from the Old Kingdom to the 19th century and from Nubia to Switzerland.
Book chapters on the topic "Egyptian Old Kingdom – statistical analysis"
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"Old Kingdom Giza." In Invisible Connections: An Archaeometallurgical Analysis of the Bronze Age Metalwork from the Egyptian Museum of the University of Leipzig, 34–45. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1bjc3bj.11.
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Enmarch, Roland. "Mortuary and Literary Laments." In Ancient Egyptian Literature. British Academy, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265420.003.0006.
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‘Laments’ have long been recognised as an important and long-lived part of Egyptian written culture, appearing in widely differing contexts, including as captions to mourning scenes in tombs from the Old Kingdom onwards, as liturgical laments uttered by Isis and Nephthys in mortuary texts, and as an important component of the literary style of Middle Egyptian pessimistic literature. The heterogeneous nature of these sources presents problems in arriving at a satisfactory definition for a ‘lament’ genre as a whole, and raises questions as to just how closely related these different written traditions are. While the style of literary laments in particular has often been described as originating from funerary dirges, the evidence for this is chronologically problematic and other generic influences have alternatively been posited. This chapter establishes stylistic and structural criteria to enable a more detailed analysis of the different kinds of lament, and their possible interrelationship.
Conference papers on the topic "Egyptian Old Kingdom – statistical analysis"
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Goodfellow, Graham, Susannah Turner, Jane Haswell, and Richard Espiner. "An Update to the UKOPA Pipeline Damage Distributions." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90247.
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The United Kingdom Onshore Pipeline Operators Association (UKOPA) was formed by UK pipeline operators to provide a common forum for representing operators interests in the safe management of pipelines. This includes providing historical failure statistics for use in pipeline quantitative risk assessment and UKOPA maintain a database to record this data. The UKOPA database holds data on product loss failures of UK major accident hazard pipelines from 1962 onwards and currently has a total length of 22,370 km of pipelines reporting. Overall exposure from 1952 to 2010 is of over 785,000 km years of operating experience with a total of 184 product loss incidents during this period. The low number of failures means that the historical failure rate for pipelines of some specific diameters, wall thicknesses and material grades is zero or statistically insignificant. It is unreasonable to assume that the failure rate for these pipelines is actually zero. However, unlike the European Gas Incident data Group (EGIG) database, which also includes the UK gas transmission pipeline data, the UKOPA database contains extensive data on measured part wall damage that did not cause product loss. The data on damage to pipelines caused by external interference can be assessed to derive statistical distribution parameters describing the expected gouge length, gouge depth and dent depth resulting from an incident. Overall 3rd party interference incident rates for different class locations can also be determined. These distributions and incident rates can be used in structural reliability based techniques to predict the failure frequency due to 3rd party damage for a given set of pipeline parameters. The UKOPA recommended methodology for the assessment of pipeline failure frequency due to 3rd party damage is implemented in the FFREQ software. The distributions of 3rd party damage currently used in FFREQ date from the mid-1990s. This paper describes the work involved in updating the analysis of the damage database and presents the updated distribution parameters. A comparison of predictions using the old and new distributions is also presented.