Relevant bibliographies by topics / Egyptian Egypt

Academic literature on the topic 'Egyptian Egypt'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Egyptian Egypt"

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Islami, Islam. "Political history of modern Egypt." ILIRIA International Review 6, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v6i1.231.

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Under the Ottoman Empire, Egypt was granted some autonomy because as long as taxes were paid, the Ottomans were content to let the Egyptians administer them. Nevertheless, the 17th and 18th centuries were ones of economic decline for Egypt.In 1798, the French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte landed in Egypt and defeated the Egyptians on land at the battle of the Pyramids, but he was utterly defeated at sea by the British navy, which made him abandon his army and leave Egypt. Subsequently, British and Ottoman forces defeated the French army and forced them to surrender.In particular after the last quarter of 19 century, in Egypt began colonizing activities by Western European countries, while the reaction to such events occurred within “the Egyptian national movement.”With its history of five thousand years, Egypt is considered as the first modern state of the Arab world. Ottoman military representative Mehmet Ali Pasha takes a special place through his contribution to this process. He is seen as a statesman who carried important reforms, which can be compared even with the ones of Tanzimat. He managed to build Egypt as an independent state from the Ottoman Empire, standing on its own power.Gamal Abdel Nasser was the one who established the Republic of Egypt and ended the monarchy rule in Egypt following the Egyptian revolution in 1952. Egypt was ruled autocratically by three presidents over the following six decades, by Nasser from 1954 until his death in 1970, by Anwar Sadat from 1971 until his assassination 1981, and by Hosni Mubarak from 1981 until his resignation in the face of the 2011 Egyptian revolution.
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Fanous, Andrew A., and William T. Couldwell. "Transnasal excerebration surgery in ancient Egypt." Journal of Neurosurgery 116, no. 4 (April 2012): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.12.jns11417.

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Ancient Egyptians were pioneers in many fields, including medicine and surgery. Our modern knowledge of anatomy, pathology, and surgical techniques stems from discoveries and observations made by Egyptian physicians and embalmers. In the realm of neurosurgery, ancient Egyptians were the first to elucidate cerebral and cranial anatomy, the first to describe evidence for the role of the spinal cord in the transmission of information from the brain to the extremities, and the first to invent surgical techniques such as trepanning and stitching. In addition, the transnasal approach to skull base and intracranial structures was first devised by Egyptian embalmers to excerebrate the cranial vault during mummification. In this historical vignette, the authors examine paleoradiological and other evidence from ancient Egyptian skulls and mummies of all periods, from the Old Kingdom to Greco-Roman Egypt, to shed light on the development of transnasal surgery in this ancient civilization. The authors confirm earlier observations concerning the laterality of this technique, suggesting that ancient Egyptian excerebration techniques penetrated the skull base mostly on the left side. They also suggest that the original technique used to access the skull base in ancient Egypt was a transethmoidal one, which later evolved to follow a transsphenoidal route similar to the one used today to gain access to pituitary lesions.
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Al-Sheikh, Rua. "The 2011 Egyptian Revolution: Its effects on the Egyptian community in the UK in terms of political participation, media use, belonging, and Egyptian identity." for(e)dialogue 1, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/for(e)dialogue.v1i1.533.

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This research seeks to examine the role played by the Egyptian Diaspora living in the UK during the 2011 Egyptian revolution and the extent to which they participated in it. The aim is to detangle the factors impacting the UK Egyptian community in terms of identity and belonging, and discuss whether the 2011 uprising had increased their political involvement through mass media or not. The assumption that diasporic communities are politically apathetic is considered. Little research has been conducted in this area of Diaspora, and a qualitative approach has been used to explore this. Preliminary findings indicate that Egyptians in the UK are more involved in political activities with regard to Egypt since 2011 uprising. When the Egyptian revolution broke out, some Egyptians living in the UK engaged in the revolution by voicing their opinions over the Internet and social media, while others travelled to Egypt to participate in the uprising.
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Sahrasad, Herdi. "REFORMASI MESIR: BERKACA PADA INDONESIA?" Dialog 34, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v34i2.158.

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Nowadays, Egypt is in the hand of military that leads Egypt to the democratic life. In the same time, it was reported by media masses that one of five Egyptians lived under poverty line, and the 12% inflation reduced Egyptians income dramatically and caused impediment to get education, basic need and health. After Mubarak, Egyptian reformation is far from over. Will Egypt reformation be in common with Indonesia? How should Egypt be governed post-Mubarak? How are political, economic and social circumstances of Egypt after Mubarak? This paper explores deeply those questions.
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Culang, Jeffrey. "“The Shari‘a must go”: Seduction, Moral Injury, and Religious Freedom in Egypt's Liberal Age." Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 446–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417518000117.

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AbstractSince the 2011 uprising in Egypt, the Egyptian state has increasingly used the charge of contempt of religion (izdira’ al-din) to regulate speech. This charge, though sometimes assumed to be a medieval holdover, is part of a modern genealogy of the politics of religious freedom. This article examines how religious freedom accumulated meaning in Egypt after World War I, when it became an international legal standard. Protestant missionaries in Egypt advocated religious freedom as the right to proselytize and the right of Egyptians to convert. For many Egyptians, by contrast, it came to mean the right to protect one's religion from perceived missionary attacks (ta‘n). Using British state archival records, missionary sources, and Egyptian parliamentary transcripts and periodicals, this article traces the formation of this paradox in public discourse and law. Drawing on theorizations of seduction and moral injury, I show how Egyptians articulated notions of religious freedom centered around feelings of moral injury and through a local ethical vernacular that, though embedded within the Islamic tradition, was broadly shared. The Egyptian state gradually incorporated these sensibilities into its expanding modern legal system as part of maintaining a majority-defined public order, transforming offense to religion from a moral issue into a punishable crime. Forged through a contingent process involving missionaries, local communities, and the Egyptian state under the shadow of colonial rule, religious freedom has exacerbated rather than resolved religious divides in Egypt, and has helped to define and delimit the country's political, moral, and religious imaginaries.
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Xekalaki, Georgia. "On Borders and Expansion: Egyptian Imperialism in the Levant during the Ramesside Period." Heritage 4, no. 4 (October 25, 2021): 3938–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040216.

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This paper aims to define the way Egyptians perceived the boundaries of their land and reassesses the impact of Egyptian colonialism during the Ramesside period (c. 1292–1069 BCE). During this era, expansive wars, diplomatic action and land administration/governance reforms led Egypt to control a large part of modern Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and Syria. To refer to this period, historians often use the terms Egyptian “empire” and Egyptian “imperialism”, extending terminology coined in the 19th century to describe modern cases of political dominance to Late Bronze Age Egypt. Furthermore, traditional scholarship also presents Egypt’s borders in such a way that Egypt appears as a solid territory with fixed borders, despite evidence pointing to a different model of geographical division. Seeking to explore whether the use of modern terms on ancient Egypt may be an anachronism, this paper reviews the scholarship on (a) Egyptian records documenting conquests and (b) contextual archaeological evidence from the southern Near East itself. This review highlights differences between modern and ancient conceptions of land domination. Finally, Egyptian border-related terms are used in a strictly local symbolic cultural context but not in the one of international diplomacy. As for Egypt’s boundary, it was mostly formed as a buffer zone rather than a borderline.
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Fahmy, Ziad. "MEDIA-CAPITALISM: COLLOQUIAL MASS CULTURE AND NATIONALISM IN EGYPT, 1908–18." International Journal of Middle East Studies 42, no. 1 (January 14, 2010): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809990547.

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In Egypt, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, older, fragmented, and more localized forms of identity were replaced with new, alternative concepts of community, which for the first time had the capacity to collectively encompass the majority of Egyptians. The activism of Mustafa Kamil (1874–1908) and the populist message of the Watani Party began the process of defining and popularizing urban Egyptian nationalism. After Kamil's premature death in 1908, there was more of an “urgent need,” as described by Zachary Lockman, for “tapping into and mobilizing new domestic constituencies in order to build a more broadly based independence movement.” This article argues that the eventual mobilization of the Egyptian urban masses, and their “incorporation into the Egyptian nation,” was due in large part to the materialization of a variety of mass media catering to a growing national audience. To be more specific, I will examine early Egyptian nationalism through the lens of previously neglected audiovisual colloquial Egyptian sources. This, I argue, is crucial to any attempt at capturing the voice of “ordinary” Egyptians. Finally, the article documents the role of early colloquial Egyptian mass culture as a vehicle and forum through which, among other things, “hidden transcripts” of resistance and critiques of colonial and elite authority took place.
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Fahmy, Ziad. "MEDIA-CAPITALISM: COLLOQUIAL MASS CULTURE AND NATIONALISM IN EGYPT, 1908–18." International Journal of Middle East Studies 42, no. 1 (January 14, 2010): 103a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809990833.

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In Egypt, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, older, fragmented, and more localized forms of identity were rapidly replaced with new alternative concepts of community, which for the first time had the capacity to collectively encompass the majority of Egyptians. This article is about the growth of Egyptian national identity from 1908 until 1918. It highlights the importance of previously neglected colloquial Egyptian sources—especially recorded music and vaudeville—in examining modern Egyptian history. Through the lens of colloquial mass culture, the study traces the development of collective Egyptian identity during the first quarter of the 20th century. This article also engages with some of the theories of nationalism and tests their applicability to Egypt. Finally, it introduces the concept of “media-capitalism” in an effort to expand the historical analysis of nationalism beyond print.
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Chekol, Yayew Genet. "Dynamics for Shifting the Ethio- Egyptian Hydro Political Relations." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i8.3492.

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The foremost intent of this study was to investigate the major dynamics that are reversing in Ethio-Egyptian hydro political relations. To attain this objective the researcher employed case study design, primary and secondary sources of data, and purposive sampling techniques. Despite the fact that perpetual national interests on Egyptian Nile water policy as national security issue, dynamics are revealing in the Nile basin which fosters to shift the relations of Ethiopia and Egypt hydro political relations on Nile water. Regarding with the findings of the study relative growing power of Ethiopia, Egyptians commitments on efficient utilization of water resource, Egyptian revolution, the signing of CFA by upper stream countries, the independence of South Sudan, the launching of GERD by Ethiopian, signing of DOPS by Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt on GERD are the new political dynamics in the Nile basin which geared to shift the relation of Ethiopia and Egypt.
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A. S. M. Hussein, Heba, and Nermeen A. S. Rady. "Study of Palatal Rugae Patterns and their Use in Sex and Ethnicity Identification in a Sample of Adult Egyptians and Malaysians." 99 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/thcv2791.

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Background: Palatal rugoscopy is the use of palatal rugae for identification of unknown persons. The majority of the population in Egypt consists of Egyptian people. However, some Malaysian people live in Alexandria city of Egypt for the purpose of education. So in case of mass disaster, there is a critical need for a reliable and easy method to differentiate between Malaysians and Egyptians. Aim: Study palatal rugae patterns in two diverse populations; Egyptians and Malaysians and its relation to sex and population difference. Subjects: Eighty students of Alexandria Faculty of Dentistry; forty Egyptians (20 females and 20 males) and forty Malaysians (20 males and 20 females). The age ranged 18-30 years. Results: Significant difference was noted between Malaysian males and females according to total number of rugae on both sides. Malaysians had significantly higher total rugae number on both sides than Egyptians. Curved shape was the predominant shape in the total sample. Significant difference was detected between Egyptians and Malaysians according to the predominant palatal rugae direction on both left and right sides. Egyptian females had significantly higher percentage of absent unification than Egyptian males. Linear regression models for sex and ethnicity identification were built up.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Egyptian Egypt"

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Hoard, Laurie. "Ancient Egyptian priesthood." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.

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Armanios, Febe Yousry. "Egypt for Which Egyptians? Copts and the Egyptian Nationalist Movement, 1882-1919." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364295503.

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Ferreira, Andriëtte. "The legal rights of the women of ancient Egypt." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://etd.unisa.ac.za/ETD-db/ETD-desc/describe?urn=etd-03112005-145236.

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Fawal, Abraham S. "Youssef Chahine and modern Egypt." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325137.

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Spindler, Tanya M. "Egyptian tomb painting and the concept of ka." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1074533.

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This thesis proposes that Egyptian tomb painting served as a housing for the Ka. The research examined the relationship between the tomb paintings and the Ka within the contemporary religious literature finding that they served this purpose. The first relationship incorporates the "Opening of the Mouth" ceremony which returns life to the deceased in both the texts and illustrations. The ambiguous nature of the texts refers the returning of life to the deceased. This includes all the parts of the soul (Ka, Ba, and Akh) and all physical and artistic representations. These paintings also support the Ka with depictions of food offerings. A secondary question addresses the identification of the deceased appearing in the paintings. Many variables apply in identification of the deceased. They include hieratic scale, canonical pose, hieroglyphics, accoutrements, and the orientation of the supporting figures.
Department of Anthropology
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Mwanika, Eva N. "Ancient Egyptian Identity." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1090531381.

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Farag, Ahmed M. "The internet in Egyptian society and its use as a news medium /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84507.

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The Internet news medium has immense potential to restructure the existing media regime in Egypt. Online news sites offer new patterns for the production and consumption of media content and function as communication spaces in realms which lie beyond existing social and political constraints. This dissertation begins with an analysis of the social construction of the Internet in Egypt. It endeavours to show how certain political, economic and cultural interests and the agendas of key social actors are shaping the development of the Internet in Egypt. It also describes how institutional arrangements, the regulatory system and the communications culture are mediating the implementation and uses of the Internet. Following this analysis, the dissertation explores the nature of the Internet news medium, its communication architecture and its unique capabilities. Case studies of two Egyptian news organizations and their online news production processes are presented in order to develop an understanding of journalists' conceptions of the new medium, their work practices and the online gate-keeping processes. These case studies highlight different methods for constructing online audiences and different ways to approach the online news medium. Online news text and its structural and stylistic features are then analysed. Finally, the impact of the Internet on the mass media regime is assessed, paying particular attention to issues of access and participation, censorship and freedom of expression. The dissertation closes by considering the implications of the online medium for the emerging civil society in Egypt. The online medium permits new actors to participate freely in public debate, and could thus present a serious challenge to the dominance of the state in the public domain.
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Al-Jebarin, Abdulqadir Schapsmeier Edward L. "The United States-Egyptian relations, 1945-1958." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1988. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8818706.

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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1988.
Title from title page screen, viewed September 2, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Edward L. Schapsmeier (chair), Joseph H. Grabill, Lawrence W. McBride, Earl A. Reitan, Hibbert R. Roberts. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 258-264) and abstract. Also available in print.
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El-Gaafarawi, Ibtissam Ibrahim Abdel Maksoud. "Structural adjustment in Egypt : the case of agriculture." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/459/.

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This thesis assesses the appropriateness and effectiveness of the economic reform and structural adjustment programme adopted by Egypt in 1991. It also examines the main political and economic constraints of such policies. It argues that it is unlikely to provide sustainable or equitable growth. It also argues that privatisation programmes in Egypt have a limited effect on improving levels of investment and growth. It stresses the need to encourage new investment to increase the productive capacity of the Egyptian economy in order to generate sustainable growth. The thesis examines in particular, economic reforms in the agricultural sector. It focuses on assessing price reforms so as to enquire how evenly distributed the benefits have been among farmers with different sizes of land holding. Those with big farms are likely to gain more while very small farmers and the landless are likely to lose. Within agriculture the thesis assesses the impact of structural adjustment on Egypt's agribusiness community. This sector is economically fragmented, has limited effectiveness and is politically weak regarding its participation and its influence on economic policy. The thesis argues that the success Df this sector is based on the availability of a strong and effective state to provide the legal and regulatory. infrastructure needed for an effective market economy, to abolish administrative obstacles and to enhance investors' credibility. In short, the thesis maintains that sustaining the economic reform is based on reviving productive investments and enhancing state capacity and democratisation.
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Morsy, Ahmed. "Bandwagon for profit : Egyptian foreign policy toward Iran." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13077.

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What explains the lack of normalized relations between Egypt and Iran? Despite mutual potential benefits Egypt and Iran could have gained from normalized bilateral relations over the past several decades, a range of factors prevented them from doing so, including personality politics, domestic political and economic considerations, as well as regional and external alliances and competing visions of regional order. Accordingly, the trajectory of modern Egyptian policy toward Iran has been non-linear. Realist and constructivist schools of International Relations theory, on their own, cannot adequately explain how Egypt's foreign policy toward Iran varied from times of hostility, friendship, stagnation, and openness under Presidents Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat, Hosni Mubarak, and Muhammad Morsi. As such, neoclassical realism - with its emphasis on the interaction between geopolitical structural conditions and the roles of leadership and domestic politics in shaping a state's foreign policy - offers the best framework for analyzing Egypt's foreign policy behavior toward Iran.
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Books on the topic "Egyptian Egypt"

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ill, Willey Bee, ed. Egypt. North Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 2005.

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1888-, Dawson Warren R., ed. Egyptian mummies. London: Kegan Paul International, 1991.

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1888-, Dawson Warren R., ed. Egyptian mummies. New York: Kegan Paul, 2002.

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Henri, Stierlin, ed. Egypt. [Köln]: Benedikt Taschen, 1990.

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Egyptian treasure. London: A. & C. Black, 2009.

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Egyptian pyramids. Mankato, Minn: Creative Education, 2009.

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George, Nora. Nora's recipes from Egypt. [Clovis, CA]: N. George, 1995.

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Discovering Egyptian dynasties. New York: Rosen Publishing, 2014.

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Egyptian treasures. New York: Crabtree Pub. Co., 2011.

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Langley, Andrew. Ancient Egypt. Chicago: Raintree, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Egyptian Egypt"

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Cooney, Kathlyn M., Chloe Landis, and Turandot Shayegan. "The Body of Egypt." In Ancient Egyptian Society, 336–48. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003003403-31.

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Candelora, Danielle. "The Egyptianization of Egypt and Egyptology." In Ancient Egyptian Society, 103–10. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003003403-13.

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Hegazy, Ibrahim Rizk. "Livability of Egyptian cities." In Routledge Handbook on Contemporary Egypt, 364–72. London; New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429058370-33.

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MacLeod, Caroline Arbuckle. "The Value of Children in Ancient Egypt." In Ancient Egyptian Society, 140–51. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003003403-16.

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Moeller, Nadine. "Urban Versus Village Society in Ancient Egypt." In Ancient Egyptian Society, 248–64. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003003403-25.

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Cochran, Judith. "The Nature Of Egyptian Arab Socialism." In Routledge Library Editions: Egypt, Vol12:16—Vol12:34. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203079140-165.

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Amin, Galal. "The Egyptian Economy and the Revolution." In Routledge Library Editions: Egypt, Vol4:40—Vol4:49. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203079140-36.

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H. Kerr, Malcolm. "Egyptian Foreign Policy and the Revolution." In Routledge Library Editions: Egypt, Vol4:114—Vol4:134. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203079140-41.

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Cochran, Judith. "The Structure of the Egyptian Economy." In Routledge Library Editions: Egypt, Vol7:84—Vol7:162. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203079140-84.

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el-Nawawy, Mohammed, and Sahar Khamis. "The Arab Political Blogosphere: The Case of Egypt." In Egyptian Revolution 2.0, 59–86. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137020925_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Egyptian Egypt"

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Khalil, Dalia E., Ahmed A. Medhat, and Essam E. Khalil. "Energy Modelling of Modern Residence in Egypt." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85714.

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The present paper aims to develop/investigate an innovative approach for affordable houses for the medium income families, forming the major category of the Egyptian society using Design-Builder simulation and emphasizing the mechanical HVAC systems and their impact on energy consumption. Design-Builder ( a simulation user-friendly interface) for Energy-Plus (an energy simulation engine for energy modeling in buildings, heating, cooling, lighting, ventilating and other energy flows) is utilized to create a “virtual environment” in which the HVAC system effect is studied. Extensive field surveys are made to collect data regarding occupancy behavior, light and equipment schedules and other mechanical systems usage in such application. The majority of surveys indicated that split system (heat pumps) + mechanical ventilation (exhaust fan for bathroom and kitchen) are most common in the Egyptian society. The subject facility is located in Cairo, Egypt. The layout of this building/house has been developed by research architects in the Housing & Building National Research Centre HRBC taking into their consideration the medium income citizens, [1] needs and limited budget, the energy efficiency concepts as well as the previous work carried in the field of sustainable architecture. The individual buildings are formed of three floors containing twelve 100 m2 apartments. Each apartment consists of three bedrooms, a bathroom, a kitchen and a lounge.
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El Mohimen, Mostafa Abd, George Hanna, and Moncef Krarti. "Analysis of Daylighting Benefits for Office Buildings in Egypt." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65041.

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This paper summarizes the results of a simulation analysis to determine the effectiveness of daylighting in reducing electrical energy consumption for office buildings in Egypt. Specifically, the impact on daylighting performance is investigated of window size, building size, daylighting control, and glazing type for three geographical locations in Egypt. It was determined that a window to wall area ratio of 0.20 minimizes the total annual electricity use for office buildings in three Egyptian locations, Cairo, Alexandria, and Aswan. A simplified analysis method is developed based on the analysis results to estimate the annual electrical energy savings attributed to daylighting.
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Bečvář, Jindřich. "Kruh v egyptské matematice." In Orientalia antiqua nova XXI. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.2021.10392-1-14.

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The article analyzes five exercises (R50, R48, R41, R42 and R43) from the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (de-posited in the British Museum) that comes from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt and is one of the best known examples of ancient Egyptian mathematics. One exercise (K2) from the Kahun Mathematical Papyrus (British Museum) is also discussed. The exercise R50 shows how Egyptian scribes calculated the area of a cir-cle with a given diameter. The exercise R48 compares the area of a circle with a given diameter to that of its cir-cumscribing square. Four other exercises demonstrate how to calculate the volume of a cylindrical grain silo with a given diameter and height. The author explains the algorithm which was used by Egyptian calculators. He also offers three ways how they could find a fairly accurate calculation, and how they approximated the value for π and compared Egyptian approximation with the approximation using by Babylonian scribes as well as Greek mathematicians.
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Abdel-Ghani, Taher, and Hana Zaki. "Post-COVID Rooftop Activation: An Educational Paradigm for Urban Design Schools in Egypt." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021112n1.

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The rooftop is a vivid spatial culture in Egyptian cities and an integral part of the urban fabric, yet it has not been integrated within the urban design educational aspect. This paper aims to highlight the importance of facilitating rooftop activation in architecture and urbanism studios, stressing the vital role of rooftops as a spatial prophylactic design in the post-pandemic city. The paper embraces an exploratory approach through which the reader gains a theoretical insight into the nature of urban design education in Egyptian schools. It adopts Nikos Salingaros’ concept of living patterns, i.e. creating socio-geometric design patterns to establish a healthy environment. The findings propose a novel design theory, prophylaxis, which can be facilitated in design studios to address post-pandemic cities. Additionally, they reveal the expected role of architects and urbanists in tackling inequalities in designing spaces.
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Tarek, Sara. "Enhancing Biophilia as a Restorative Design Approach in Egyptian Gardens." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 6-8 May 2020. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021242n12.

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The increasing challenges of enhancing public health for communities and managing stressful daily life style raised the call for finding new methods to reduce stress. The research problem is the lack of sufficient data investigating the impact of different characteristics and forms of gardens in terms of stress reduction and restoration benefits. Therefore, the aim of this study is identifying the restorative effects of biophilic design elements in Egyptian gardens. It investigates the main indicators for applying biophilic urbanism in different gardens and how to enhance it to achieve stress restoration for communities. The presented study followed a methodology that comprises three parts. First an integrative literature review for biophilic urbanism and biophilia application to achieve restorative design. Then identifying the likely relationship between biophilia and restorativeness. Finally, a case study research design approach for selected Egyptian gardens which are analysed in reference to concluded relationship and perceived restorativenss. The work points out the potential and effective incorporation of applying biophilic principles in Egypt to achieve stress restoration.
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El-Sherif, Doaa M. "Achieving Sustainable Urban Energy Planning: With Specific Focus on Transportation." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49628.

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The global population is expected to reach over 9 billion by 2050. The ‘second wave of urbanization’ indicates that developing world cities are growing much faster than their developed world counterparts, and most of these people will live in African and Asian cities where city growth rates are the highest. This, ‘second wave of urbanization’ is a core driver of change in the 21st century and follows the first wave of urbanization that took place in developed countries from 1750, lasted 200 years and resulted in the urbanization of 400 million people. By contrast, the second wave of urbanization is projected to see over 3 billion additional people living in cities in a time-span of just 80 years, bringing unprecedented challenges to city doorsteps. In the current era of development, urban sustainability is threatened by heightened global uncertainty and change. In broad terms, these changes consist of the following global factors: economic change, scarcity of resources, rapid technological and social change, environmental and climate change effects. These drivers of change have broad reach, and threaten multiple sectors — such as food, water, energy, transport and waste — that are critical for urban sustainability. In response, this paper discusses cities’ transition to urban energy sustainability and the role of infrastructures, with focus on transportation planning. The paper highlights the case of Egypt as an example of developing countries. The objectives of the paper are; firstly to identify the different factors affecting Egyptian cities’ transition to sustainability, and secondly to analyze the strategic urban planning process in Egypt which is a bottom-up participatory approach leading to urban sustainability. The paper presents a case study from Egypt, illustrating the preparation of a future urban strategic plan for a small Egyptian city. The case study shows how participatory approach can result in innovative solutions leading to sustainable urban energy planning with focus on transportation.
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Haddad, Sandra. "Developing an E-Business system to improve the downstream pharmaceutical supply chain (A study on the Egyptian market)." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iii.7.

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Pharmaceutical products are considered sensitive products that require a well-managed distribution channel as they impact human lives. The aim of this research is to investigate the applicability of improving the downstream of the pharmaceutical supply chain (distribution channel) in Egypt through developing an E-business system. The study has adopted a deductive approach. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies were followed respectively. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted to get a better understanding of the situation in Egypt followed by a structured survey to test and verify the significance and the relation of the extracted variables using statistical tools. This resulted in highlighting significant variables impacting the relationship between pharmaceutical retailers (pharmacies) and consumers and the applicability of introducing an e-business retailing application that improves downstream chain performance by facilitating transactions i.e. easily locating the required medicine, matching consumers and retailers and spotting the inventory level in the distribution channel for better management solutions.
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Parizek, Richard R., Katarin A. Parizek, AMR EL-Gohary, Elizabeth J. Walters, Shelton Alexander, and David P. Gold. "SATELLITE AND HYDROGEOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS REVEAL IMMINENT DESTRUCTION, WORLD HERITAGE EGYPTIAN MUDBRICK "FORT", HIERAKONPOLIS: UPPER EGYPT." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287310.

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Kameel, Ramiz, and Essam E. Khalil. "Energy Efficiency Analyses of Air-Conditioning Systems in Commercial Buildings in Egypt." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48256.

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Many buildings around the world utilize HVAC systems to provide the thermal comfort conditions for the occupants and users of these buildings as well as providing adequate conditions for special environmentally sensitive equipment. The appropriate air conditioning system design would necessarily provide the comfort and hygiene conditions with as low as possible initial capital and operating costs. The present study provides comprehensive analyses and comparisons between the water-cooled vs. air-cooled chillers with packaged water-cooled DX unit systems under the local Egyptian climatic conditions, primary water and energy prices and legistilations. The present study presents a comparison among the various systems according to the equipment and installation, operating, and maintenance costs. Based on the above analyses and the data collected with the prevailing prices, energy, water and maintenance costs at January 2003 in Egypt. It is apparent that water-cooled packaged units are of superior performance in terms of energy consumption and initial costs.
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Abdel Shafi, Essam. "Political Change in Egypt and the Policies of Consolidating ‌Hegemony." In REFORM AND POLITICAL CHANGE. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdiconfrpc.pp34-48.

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The January 25, 2011 revolution that Egypt witnessed was the product of a political and social movement in an ancient civil society, which maintained this characteristic in a stable manner, despite successive bulldozing operations for centuries and extended decades. However, the revolution witnessed fundamental transformations, which led to a military coup in 2013. Repressive policies and practices to consolidate tyranny and authoritarianism, not only in the face of citizens, but also to establish dominance over the state's wealth and capabilities. In dealing with the January revolution, the Egyptian military adopted many policies and practices, whether in the first transitional phase supervised by the Military Council (from February 2011 to June 2012), or during the first year of President Mohamed Morsi's rule, in which he directed matters from The successor, the Military Council, or direct control after the coup of July 3, 2013, until January 2021, and the tasks, roles and functions carried out by the military institution during the ten years (under study) were divided between the policies of consolidating authoritarianism and tyranny, the legal codification of these policies, the systematic violation of rights and freedoms, and the policies of Hegemony and the total militarization of the economy to the extent of what can be called “state ownership,” and the reinforcement of the saying that Egypt is an “army with a state and not a state with an army.” In the face of these considerations, the duality of authoritarianism and the movement emerges, and the transformations and developments between them in Egypt during the ten years that passed after the January 2011 revolution. On political life in Egypt after the January revolution?
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Reports on the topic "Egyptian Egypt"

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Aftandilian, Gregory. Presidential Succession Scenarios in Egypt and Their Impact on U.S.-Egyptian Strategic Relations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada552046.

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El Hamamsy, Laila. Early Marriage and Reproduction in Two Egyptian Villages. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1009.

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As noted in this monograph, marriage forms a central element of social life for Egyptians. Marriage in Egypt is nearly universal, and parents invest heavily to establish their children in married life. Once married, couples are faced with social pressures to begin childbearing immediately, a reflection of the high value placed on parenthood and children. But not all marriages begin with the same prospects for stability and satisfaction. This study draws attention to the problems faced by women who marry at very early ages in parts of rural Egypt. Despite a legal minimum age of 16, significant numbers of young girls marry below that age, and many experience social, emotional, and health-related difficulties. This study tells why these young women married early and how that decision affected their later life. The study points to areas where the aspirations of these girls have been clearly thwarted—to go to school, delay marriage, and postpone childbearing until they feel physically and psychologically ready. A related picture emerges of the social and economic forces that propel rural girls into marriage at very young ages. Each of these problems suggest areas for policy attention.
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Boauod, Marai. The Making of Modern Egypt: the Egyptian Ulama as Custodians of Change and Guardians of Muslim Culture. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3099.

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Akl, Saad M. The Arab Spring in Egypt and Its Influence on the Army - What Does the History Tell Us About the Nature of the Egyptian Army? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada601472.

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Egypt: Expand access to postabortion care. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2000.1023.

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The Population Council has supported a series of studies to improve the quality of postabortion care (PAC) in Egypt. A 1994 pilot study in two Egyptian hospitals showed that upgrading PAC and training physicians in manual vacuum aspiration (MVA), infection control, and counseling led to significant improvements in the care of postabortion patients. The 1997 study, conducted by the Egyptian Fertility Care Society with support from the Population Council, sought to institutionalize improved postabortion medical care and counseling procedures in ten hospitals. Five senior physicians from each hospital attended a five-day training course in MVA, infection control, and family planning (FP) counseling. The physicians then supervised four months of on-the-job training of doctors and nurses at the ten hospitals. A case management protocol, including emergency medical treatment, pain control, and FP counseling, was also introduced. As reported in this brief, training providers and introducing a case management protocol led to improved PAC at ten government and teaching hospitals in Egypt.
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Egypt: Encourage journalists to cover reproductive health. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2000.1029.

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To raise public awareness of reproductive health (RH) issues, the Population Council’s Frontiers project and the Futures Group’s Policy project jointly organized four press briefings and provided background materials to key journalists from Arabic newspapers and magazines. From May 1999 to June 2000, project staff worked closely with 20 Egyptian journalists, including editors of women’s pages and senior editors. The press briefings covered youth, marriage patterns, contraceptive technology, and menopause. The press kit prepared for each briefing contained fact sheets, reference materials, a contact list of key experts, and an evaluation sheet. To assess RH reporting and track coverage resulting from the intervention, project staff monitored eight major Arabic newspapers and nine magazines daily. All articles on RH were coded according to their topic, length, and use of research findings. As noted in this brief, after Egyptian print journalists attended briefings on RH issues, their reporting of these issues improved. Health agencies can improve coverage of RH issues by providing a regular flow of accurate information to a broad range of journalists.
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Egypt: NGOs need to join forces to end FGC. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2000.1027.

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Until recently, the practice of female genital cutting (FGC) has been nearly universal in Egypt. However, a 1998 national survey found the first signs of a decline in the practice among adolescents since 1994. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working in community development, health, and women’s rights have played a leading role in advocating eradication of FGC in Egypt. To document and assess the impact of anti-FGC programs, the Population Council conducted an assessment from August 1999 to February 2000. Researchers telephoned numerous Egyptian NGOs to identify those most actively involved in anti-FGC programs. Then they conducted in-depth interviews with officials of 15 NGOs, as well as staff of the Ministry of Health and Population, UNICEF, and the United Nations Population Fund. As concluded in this brief, 15 Egyptian nongovernmental organizations are actively involved in programs to eradicate the practice of female genital cutting. To make these programs more effective, NGOs should form coalitions, engage in advocacy, train activists in communication skills, and evaluate the impact of their programs.
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Postabortion case load study in Egyptian public sector hospitals. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1016.

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There is an absence of reliable data on the incidence of incomplete abortion in Egypt. A diagnostic, descriptive study that neither tests an experimental intervention nor evaluates in a comprehensive manner the quality of postabortion medical care was undertaken to address this issue. The study is a cross-sectional observation of the volume and nature of the postabortion case load in Egyptian public-sector hospitals, and it responds to the following objectives: 1) Accurately estimate the number of women who present for postabortion treatment in ob/gyn in-patient facilities as a percentage of ob/gyn admissions in a representative sample of Egyptian public-sector hospitals during one month; 2) Describe the medical and sociodemographic characteristics of the postabortion patients, including the cause(s) of the lost pregnancies, whether the pregnancy was wanted, the medical treatments received, and contraceptive-use history. As stated in this report, the study's sampling frame consists of the approximate 569 public-sector hospitals in Egypt. Approximately 15 percent of the hospitals were randomly selected with the probability of selection proportionate to the average number of beds in each hospital, using standard sampling procedures.
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Slow fertility transition in Egypt: Reaching policy-makers and program managers with the findings. Population Council, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2006.1000.

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Following a period of relatively rapid decline in the 1980s and early 1990s, the Egyptian fertility decline slowed down during the later part of the 1990s. The main objective of the Slow Fertility Transition (SFT) project was to better understand the current slow pace of fertility decline in Egypt and to identify policies that can facilitate decline to replacement level. This project investigated attitudes toward childbearing and, in particular, receptivity to the two-child family. The SFT project re-interviewed a subsample of 3,286 currently married women who had been interviewed in the 2003 EIDHS. Two further samples were also interviewed in 2004: a sample of unmarried women and men aged 18–29 (917 women and 945 men) selected from the EIDHS household sample. With the successful completion of the data collection and data processing phase, according to this report the priorities of the second phase were to complete scientifically sound and policy-relevant analysis of the SFT data, to ensure that the findings are effectively disseminated to key audiences in Egypt, and to identify policies and programs that would help the Egyptian government achieve replacement-level fertility by 2017.
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Egypt: Are Egyptian couples willing to stop at two children? Results of the Slow Fertility Transition Survey [Arabic]. Population Council, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh15.1024.

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