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Journal articles on the topic 'Egypt Ethnic relations History'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

La’da, Csaba A. "Towards a History of Immigration to Hellenistic Egypt: The Contribution of Ethnic Designations to Research." Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete 66, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 45–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apf-2020-0005.

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AbstractThis study argues that ethnic designations in the documentary sources constitute our best evidence for immigration to Hellenistic Egypt, for the ethnic composition of the population and for the relative proportions of the different immigrant groups in relation to each other. Ethnic designations indicate that Hellenistic Egypt became ethnically diverse and that a substantial proportion of immigrants arrived from outside the Graeco-Macedonian world.

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2

TAMURA, AIRI. "ETHNIC CONSCIOUSNESS AND ITS TRANSFORMATION IN THE COURSE OF NATION-BUILDING: THE MUSLIM AND THE COPT IN EGYPT, 1906?1919." Muslim World 75, no. 2 (April 1985): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1985.tb03468.x.

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3

BURKE, PETER. "Introduction." European Review 14, no. 1 (January 3, 2006): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798706000081.

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A preoccupation with hybridity is natural in a period like ours marked by increasingly frequent and intense cultural encounters. Globalization encourages hybridization. However we react to it, the globalizing trend is impossible to miss, from curry and chips – recently voted the favourite dish in Britain – to Thai saunas, Zen Judaism, Nigerian Kung Fu or ‘Bollywood’ films. The process is particularly obvious in the domain of music, in the case of such hybrid forms and genres as jazz, reggae, salsa or, more recently, Afro-Celtic rock. New technology (including, appropriately enough, the ‘mixer’), has obviously facilitated this kind of hybridization.It is no wonder then that a group of theorists of hybridity have made their appearance, themselves often of double or mixed cultural identity. Homi Bhabha for instance, is an Indian who has taught in England and is now in the USA. Stuart Hall, who was born in Jamaica of mixed parentage, has lived most of his life in England and describes himself as ‘a mongrel culturally, the absolute cultural hybrid’. Ien Ang describes herself as ‘an ethnic Chinese, Indonesian-born and European-educated academic who now lives and works in Australia’. The late Edward Said was a Palestinian who grew up in Egypt, taught in the USA and described himself as ‘out of place’ wherever he was located.The work of these and other theorists has attracted growing interest in a number of disciplines, from anthropology to literature, from geography to art history, and from musicology to religious studies. In this issue, the contributions discuss Africa, Japan and the Americas as well as Europe and range from the 16th century to the 21st, from religion to architecture and from clothing to the cinema.

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4

Kopiika, Valerii. "The Diplomatic Pioneer: Provenance, Patrimony, Pertinence Marking the 75th Anniversary of the Institute of International Relations." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XX (2019): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-55.

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Universities have historically merited a special place in world history as the locus of science, upbringing, humanism, and freedom of expression. However, modernity is routinely putting their tenacity and toughness to test by challenges of social existence, where every individual, government and society alike are transforming faced with globalization, communicative technologies, climate change and the new type of the world economy. The Institute of International Relations is therefore seeking to reiterate the irreplaceable value, virtues and vistas of a classical university in the ever-changing world of today. Since its inception, the IIR has come a long way from a small department to the major educational and methodological centre of Ukraine for training experts in international relations and foreign policy. Nevertheless, the life in the precincts of the Institute is not confined to research in the silence of laboratories or libraries. Thus, under interuniversity agreements, the IIR cooperates with more than 60 higher educational establishments from Belgium, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iran, Japan, Poland, the Republic of Korea, Spain, and the US. Within the framework of international cooperation attention is also attached to the matters of professional ethics: For four consecutive years, the IIR has taken part in the Strengthening Academic Integrity in Ukraine Project (SAIUP) under the aegis of the American Councils for International Education in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine backed by the US Embassy in Ukraine. In recent years, the Institute has set up an extensive network of international project activities, as amply demonstrated by the establishment of Ukraine’s sole Centre for Arabic Studies and the Youth Information Centre of the Ukrainian Red Cross Society. Capitalizing on the generated momentum, in 2019, the IIR won an overarching victory in the competition for the establishment of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence under the EU’s Erasmus + Programme to become the only such project in Ukraine. The Institute of International Relations is also mindful of employability and future careers of its graduates. Such initiatives as the Career Day, traditionally bringing together the world’s leading employers, the IIR Business School and the Memorandum of Cooperation between the Institute and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine are there to serve this purpose. Our Institute is an opportunity to open up to the world by virtue of new knowledge, academic exchange programs and internship in the best universities. This is the place not only to meet loyal friends and wise teachers, but also to unite the IIR traditions and achievements with the global perspective and break new ground of thinking. Keywords: the Institute of International Relations, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, joint degree, master classes of practitioners, case studies, language training, English-language master programmes.

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5

Feagin, Joe R., Susan Olzak, and Joane Nagel. "Competitive Ethnic Relations." Social Forces 66, no. 4 (June 1988): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579448.

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6

Soomro, Naureen Nazar, and Aslam Pervez Memon. "ETHNIC RELATIONS IN MULTI-ETHNIC MALAYSIA." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 53, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v53i2.67.

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The Malaysian society, one of the successful and managed multi-ethnic societies, is replete of imbalances and there still underlie the racial and ethnic disproportions in geographical dwellings, educational and professional fields, and economic and political roles. The modern racial relation in Malaysia is the legacy of pre-colonial and colonial period of history dating back to fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The unstable demographic balance, the unrestricted immigration policy or the policy of divide and rule by the colonial masters contributed besides other reasons toward the troubled relations between ethnic communities of Malaysia- Malays, Chinese, Indians, and others. But the way the respective Malaysian governments have managed such sour relationship in their socio-economic and political spheres is the lesson that all multiethnic states can learn from.

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7

Soomro, Naureen Nazar, Aslam Pervez Memon, and Aslam Pervez Memon. "ETHNIC RELATIONS IN MULTI-ETHNIC MALAYSIA." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 53, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v53i2.78.

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Abstract The Malaysian society, one of the successful and managed multi-ethnic societies, is replete of imbalances and there still underlie the racial and ethnic disproportions in geographical dwellings, educational and professional fields, and economic and political roles. The modern racial relation in Malaysia is the legacy of pre-colonial and colonial period of history dating back to fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The unstable demographic balance, the unrestricted immigration policy or the policy of divide and rule by the colonial masters contributed besides other reasons toward the troubled relations between ethnic communities of Malaysia- Malays, Chinese, Indians, and others. But the way the respective Malaysian governments have managed such sour relationship in their socio-economic and political spheres is the lesson that all multiethnic states can learn from.

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8

Moreno García, Juan Carlos. "Elusive “Libyans”: Identities, Lifestyles and Mobile Populations in NE Africa (late 4th–early 2nd millennium BCE)." Journal of Egyptian History 11, no. 1-2 (October 8, 2018): 147–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340046.

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Abstract The term “Libyan” encompasses, in fact, a variety of peoples and lifestyles living not only in the regions west of the Nile Valley, but also inside Egypt itself, particularly in Middle Egypt and the Western Delta. This situation is reminiscent of the use of other “ethnic” labels, such as “Nubian,” heavily connoted with notions such as ethnic homogeneity, separation of populations across borders, and opposed lifestyles. In fact, economic complementarity and collaboration explain why Nubians and Libyans crossed the borders of Egypt and settled in the land of the pharaohs, to the point that their presence was especially relevant in some periods and regions during the late 3rd and early 2nd millennium BCE. Pastoralism was just but one of their economic pillars, as trading activities, gathering, supply of desert goods (including resins, minerals, and vegetal oils) and hunting also played an important role, at least for some groups or specialized segments of a particular social group. While Egyptian sources emphasize conflict and marked identities, particularly when considering “rights of use” over a given area, collaboration was also crucial and beneficial for both parts. Finally, the increasing evidence about trade routes used by Libyans points to alternative networks of circulation of goods that help explain episodes of warfare between Egypt and Libyan populations for their control.

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9

Bassel, Salah. "Egypt and Serbia: Rich history and bright shared future." Napredak 3, no. 3 (2022): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/napredak3-41299.

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Egypt and Serbia have maintained diplomatic relations ever since their establishment between the Khedivate of Egypt and the Kingdom of Serbia in 1908. Next year will the 115th anniversary since the beginning of the diplomatic relations between these two friend states. Both countries have excellent relations, although there is a huge space for improving bilateral cooperation in many areas. Exceptional relations between Egypt and Serbia are founded on strong connections from recent history, which are deeply rooted in characteristic and identical views of the future of their countries and nations, and the goals to be achieved. These relations were particularly developed during the presidential mandates of Naser and Tito, because these two countries, due to their significant role in the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement, cooperated for the welfare of the entire independent and free world.

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10

Moreno García, Juan Carlos. "Ethnicity in Ancient Egypt: An Introduction to Key Issues." Journal of Egyptian History 11, no. 1-2 (October 8, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340040.

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Abstract The study of ethnicity in the ancient world has known a complete renewal in recent times, at several levels, from the themes studied to the perspectives of analysis and the models elaborated by archaeologists, anthropologists, sociologists and historians. Far from traditional approaches more interested in detecting and characterizing particular ethnic groups (“Libyans,” “Medjay”) and social organizations (“tribe,” “clan”, etc.), in identifying them in the archaeological record through specific markers (pottery, ornaments, weapons, etc.) and, subsequently, in studying their patterns of interaction with other social groups (domination, acculturation, assimilation, resistance, centre periphery), recent research follows different paths. To sum up, a deeper understanding of ethnicity in ancient Egypt cannot but benefit from a close dialogue with other disciplines and is to enrich current debates in archaeology, anthropology, and ancient history.

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11

Schneider, Thomas. "Ethnic Identities in Ancient Egypt and the Identity of Egyptology: Towards a “Trans-Egyptology”." Journal of Egyptian History 11, no. 1-2 (October 8, 2018): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340049.

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12

Skreslet, Stanley H. "Christians and Muslims in Egypt." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 76, no. 2 (April 2022): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00209643221081721.

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This essay surveys the long history of Christian-Muslim relations in Egypt. Interfaith relations in this context have ranged from cordial to tense, depending on a variety of internal and external factors.

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13

Demjaha, Agon. "Inter-Ethnic Relations in Kosovo." SEEU Review 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/seeur-2017-0013.

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AbstractThe paper aims to analyse the state of inter-ethnic relations in Kosovo between ethnic Albanians and ethnic Serbs, with special focus on the period after unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo in 2008. Inter-ethnic conflict in Kosovo has exclusively been over its territory since both Serbs and Albanians have made claims about history and ethno-demography to justify their alleged exclusive right to this ethnically mixed region. Consequently, inter-ethnic relations between Albanians and Serbs in Kosovo have been rather problematic throughout the most of the 20thcentury. During this period Albanians in Kosovo have been subjected to discrimination, intimidation and even mass expulsion by Yugoslav/Serb authorities. In late 1990s, these relations between Albanians and Serbs in Kosovo have progressively worsened and finally escalated in an armed warfare in 1999.Immediately after the war, Serbs in Kosovo were occasionally exposed to acts of inter-ethnic and retaliatory violence. Inter-ethnic relations between the two major ethnicities continued to be tense and fragile after independence of Kosovo in 2008. Dramatic changes of ethnic composition structure, atrocities and huge number of refugees due to the war, have left a legacy of deep mistrust and animosities between Albanians and Serbs in the newly created state. Consequently, Serbs in Kosovo have from the beginning refused to recognize Kosovo’s independence and have rigorously refused any governance by Kosovo authorities. Serbian community, especially in the North, claims stronger territorial autonomy, even separatism and unification with Serbia. The paper claims that in Kosovo inter-ethnic and interstate relations are basically the components of the same equation. Therefore, paper concludes that only overall improvement of relations between Kosovo and Serbia could contribute to overall relaxation of inter-ethnic relations between Albanians and Serbs in Kosovo. Unfortunately, the latest incidents between Kosovo and Serbia have increased the tensions between the two sides to alarming levels.

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14

Hammad, Hanan. "Daily Encounters That Make History: History from Below and Archival Collaboration." International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 1 (February 2021): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000076.

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What does a casual confrontation in a rundown shack between a landlady and her factory-worker tenant tell us about the history of gender and class relations in modern Egypt? Could a lost watch in a red-light district in the middle of the Nile Delta complicate our understanding of the history of sexuality and urbanization? Can an unexpectedly intimate embrace on a sleeping mat illuminate a link in the history of class, gender, and urbanization in modern Egypt?

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15

Leahy, A. "The Libyan Period in Egypt: An Essay in Interpretation." Libyan Studies 16 (1985): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900007287.

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AbstractThe common assumption that the Libyans who governed Egypt during the ‘Third Intermediate Period’ (c. 1070–715 BC) were Egyptianised is misleading. The nature and provenance of the extant evidence tends to obscure the retention of their ethnic identity, but this is apparent in the persistence of Libyan names and titles in Egypt. The influence of these Libyans can be traced in the fragmented political structure of the period, which represents decentralisation, not anarchy; in the erosion of the distinction between king and subject; in the disintegration of convention in language and script; and in the cessation of elaborate preparation for death and the afterlife.

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16

Foster, Lois, and Anne Seitz. "Applications of Oral History in the Sociology of Ethnic Relations." Journal of Intercultural Studies 6, no. 3 (January 1985): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256868.1985.9963281.

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17

Grieve, M. J. "A short history of modern Egypt." International Affairs 62, no. 1 (1985): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618134.

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18

Greene, Sandra E. "Family Concerns: Gender and Ethnicity in Pre-Colonial West Africa." International Review of Social History 44, S7 (December 1999): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000115172.

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For at least the past twenty years, historians of pre-colonial Africa have studied gender and ethnic relations, but have focused on either gender or ethnicity without making reference to the other. This essay redresses this neglect by demonstrating that changes in gender and ethnic relations within pre-colonial Africa so profoundly influenced each other that it is impossible to understand one without also taking into consideration the other. Documenting this intersection requires more than simply reconstructing how ethnic groups (in their efforts to compete with others for social and political status) altered gender relations within their societies by handling differentially the affairs of their female and male members. It involves more than analyzing how those disadvantaged because of their gender used the prevailing ethnic relations to ameliorate their own situations, and how these actions in turn altered ethnic relations in the societies in which they lived. It requires as well that we reconceptualize the very definition of ethnicity.

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19

Ramirez, Bruno. "Ethnic Studies and Working-Class History." Labour / Le Travail 19 (1987): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25142764.

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20

Daskalovski, Zhidas. "Census taking and inter-ethnic relations in Macedonia." Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 13, no. 3 (September 2013): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2013.812773.

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21

Muslim, Nazri. "The Transformation of Ethnic Relations in Malaysia." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 12, no. 2 (June 22, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v12i2.19997.

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Ethnic relations in Malaysia have undergone a long history. It all began when the Melaka Malay Government was founded until today. Today, communities of various backgrounds, cultures and religions are the main characteristics of world countries. These pluralistic communities are perceived to have been burdened with all-too-common ethnic competitions and conflicts. In Malaysia, the concept of race is not used in understanding the relationship between people of various cultures. The concept adopted instead is the one characterising upon the culture, language, and religion. The Malay World had successfully constructed a pluralistic society through inter-group bonding that there was a cross-cultural relationship based on the permeable and umbrella ethnicity concepts. However, through the Divide and Rule Policy by the British colonials, it had changed the form of ethnic relations in the Malay World to the point that there was a distributed occupational form according to different ethnic groups. The structure of ethnic relations in Malaysia post-NEP was influenced by a very thin line of ethnic boundaries and their relationships based on non-ethnic considerations. Meanwhile, the analysis of the Post-14th General Election finds that there has a positive and negative scenario and situations created in terms of the ethnic relations in Malaysia. Thus, this article will analyse the transformation of ethnic relations in Malaysia since the Malay Sultanate Era in Melaka, the Era of Colonisation, the Post-New Economic Policy Era and the Post-14th General Election Era.

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22

KARJAHÄRM, T. "TERMINOLOGY PERTAINING TO ETHNIC RELATIONS AS USED IN LATE IMPERIAL RUSSIA." Acta Historica Tallinnensia 15, no. 1 (2010): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/hist.2010.1.02.

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23

Dmitrów, Edmund. "The image of ethnic relations in the studies of Bialystok history." Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne 21 (2013): 197–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/pss.2013.21.14.

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24

Cohen, Lenard J. "Kosovo: “Nobody's Country”." Current History 99, no. 635 (March 1, 2000): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2000.99.635.117.

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Had the international community given more careful attention to the consequences a bombing campaign would have on ethnic relations in Kosovo—or at least made adequate preparations to rapidly police the area following such a campaign—the province's present ethnic segmentation and probable monoethnic future might have been avoided.

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25

COLLA, ELLIOTT. "The measure of Egypt." Postcolonial Studies 7, no. 3 (November 2004): 271–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1368879042000311089.

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26

Maeir, A. M. "The Relations between Egypt and the Southern Levant during the Late Iron Age: The Material Evidence from Egypt." ÄGYPTEN UND LEVANTE Internationale Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Archäologie und deren Nachbargebiete / EGYPT AND THE LEVANT International Journal for Egyptian Archaeology and Related Disciplines 1, no. XII (2004): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/aeundl12s235.

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27

Meernik, James, and Jose Raul Guerrero. "Can international criminal justice advance ethnic reconciliation? The ICTY and ethnic relations in Bosnia-Herzegovina." Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 14, no. 3 (June 20, 2014): 383–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2014.924675.

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28

Iverson, Peter, and Alexandra Harmon. "Indians in the Making: Ethnic Relations and Indian Identities around Puget Sound." Western Historical Quarterly 31, no. 1 (2000): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971247.

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29

Diem, Vu Kim, and Nguyen Hoang Thien. "Resolving Ethnic Relations in Vietnam: A Case in Lam Dong Province in the Central Highlands." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 2, 2021): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05243.

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The paper briefly presents the concept of ethnicity and nationality. Based on the definition and scope of the concept, the paper presents the characteristics of ethnic groups and analyzes the history of ethnic relations in Lam Dong. From these analyzes, the paper focuses on interpreting the importance of building ethnic relations in the process of industrialization and modernization in Lam Dong province: i) To create opportunities and conditions for ethnic groups in the province to cooperate and develop in all aspects, together successfully realize the cause of industrialization and modernization. ii) To build up ethnic relations so that the ethnic groups in the province can consolidate their mutual understanding and trust, thus avoiding conflict and tension leading to the danger of ethnic separateness, obstructing the process of industrialization and modernization.

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30

Becking, Bob. "Elephantine." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 134, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvg2021.3.004.beck.

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Abstract Elephantine. On Judeans in fifth century bce Southern Egypt In the fifth century bce a group of Judaeans lived as mercenaries in the Persian army on and around the island of Elephantine, as guardians of the southern border of the Persian empire and to shield the Persian trade interests. Documents show that these Judaeans had their own form of Yahwism. For almost 100 years they lived in peaceful coexistence with the Persian administration, the local Egyptian population, and with a dozen other ethnic groups settled on the island. From around 425 this pax persica was disrupted by local discords and the destruction by the priests of Khnum of vital elements of the Persian administration as well as the temple of Yahô. This contribution argues that the increasing urge of Egypt to abandon the Persian yoke and the influx of an extra group of Judeans – with a different form of Yahwism – around 420 created increasing tension between the different groups leading to the breakup of the peaceful cohabitation.

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31

CAMARILLO, ALBERT M. "Cities of Color: The New Racial Frontier in California's Minority-Majority Cities." Pacific Historical Review 76, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2007.76.1.1.

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Demographic changes of enormous magnitude have altered the ethnic and racial composition of large cities and metropolitan suburbs across the nation over the past thirty years, especially in California. Many cities and suburbs that were once home to large majorities of whites are now places where ethnic and racial minorities form the majority. "Minority-majority" cities in California have emerged as a new frontier in ethnic and race relations, where African Americans, Latinos, and other non-white groups now fi nd themselves, many for the fi rst time, living together and struggling to coexist. Although confl ict, tension, and misunderstanding characterize this new racial frontier, historians and other scholars must look deeper to fi nd examples of cooperation and collaboration in these new "cities of color." This article considers three cities in California-Compton, East Palo Alto, and Seaside-as examples of the historical and contemporary forces that have shaped "minority-majority" cities and the relations between African Americans and Latinos in particular.

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32

Kubo, Tadayuki. "Ethnocentrism or National Reconciliation: Rethinking Ethnic Relations and the History of Karenni." Journal of Burma Studies 25, no. 2 (2021): 155–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2021.0009.

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33

Gladyshev, Andrey. "Plague in Egypt of 1834—1835." ISTORIYA 12, no. 7 (105) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015412-2.

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Egypt was ordinary considered by Europeans as a source of epidemic threat, as a “cradle of plague”. The plague of 1834—1835 was the deadliest epidemic of the nineteenth century for the Egyptians. Many Western European doctors took part in the fight against this epidemic, and its resonance was such that England, France, Russia organized special investigations in its wake. Official reports, diaries and memoirs of Europeans who were in Egypt during the epidemic make it possible to reconstruct the path and pace of its spread. Studies on the history of the epidemic in Egypt of 1834—1835 and of its consequences have medical, demographic, economic, political and even mental aspects. The unfolding medical debate shows how European medical ideas spread in Egypt and in other countries of the Middle East, and ultimately affected on the international cooperation in health regulations. The fight over quarantine regulations reflects the growing interest in free trade and in the growth of shipping in the Mediterranean, Red Sea and Indian Ocean. The study of the demographic consequences of the epidemic and in particular of the mortality rate of the black population, allowed to take a fresh look at the issues of slavery, the Trans-Saharan slave trade, abolitionism, and influenced regional diplomacy. The plague that spread in Alexandria and Cairo had the saddest effect on the fate of the Saint-Simonianism movement. The study of its perception, both by the local population and by Europeans, allow to compare the mental attitudes of various ethnic and confessional groups.

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34

Moraes, Nelson Russo de, Celenita Gualberto Pereira Bernieri, Jardilene Gualberto Pereira Fôlha, and Laurenita Gualberto Pereira Alves. "ETHNIC-RACIAL RELATIONS: social and cultural values in early Childhood Education." Revista Observatório 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): a6en. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2021v7n1a6en.

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Brazilian society is multicultural, formed by several ethnic-racial groups, however, the history of many of these peoples is marked by discrimination and inequality. The re-education of ethnic-racial relations is not an exclusive responsibility of the school; however, it plays a fundamental role in this struggle. Educational practices that promote the valuation of several cultures and knowledge strengthen ethnic-racial relations in the school context, especially if they are promoted from the first years of the child's life. The article aims to study ethnic-racial relations, developed through social and cultural values, which provide significant elements for the development of babies and children. The research points out that educational practices focused on ethnic-racial relations favor to the children moments of experiences on subjects that permeate everyday life, situations that allow internalizing attitudes of respect for everyone, regardless of differences.

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35

Sharil, Suhaila, Ahmad Faiz Ahmad Ubaidah, Muhammad Noor Hussin, and Mukhamad Khafiz Abdul Basir. "Students 'Understanding and Appreciation of Ethnic Relations Course." Idealogy Journal 5, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v5i2.236.

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The Ethnic Relations Course is a compulsory university course offered to Bachelor's Degree students at Universiti Teknologi Mara Negeri Sembilan Branch, Rembau Campus. There are two faculties that take this course at UiTM Negeri Sembilan Branch Rembau Campus are students from the Faculty of Information Management and the Faculty of Communication and Media Studies. In session II 2018/2019 a total of 52 students took this course where 37 people were from the Faculty of Information Management and 25 people from the Faculty of Communication and Media Studies. This study was conducted to examine the understanding and identify students' appreciation of the Ethnic Relations course. The methodology of this study uses quantitative research through purposive sampling design. Questionnaires were distributed to all students who took the Ethnic Relations Course in session II 2018/2019, which is a total of 52 respondents. The results of the study found that students' appreciation of this course is very good but the field study that involves focus group discussion makes students very interested in the course of Ethnic Relations even though this course revolves around history.

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36

Yermukhanova, K. E., and A. T. Bekseitova. "THE ISSUES OF POLYETNIC SOCIETY HISTORY IN KAZAKHSTAN: HISTORIOGRAPHIC REVIEW." History of the Homeland 97, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_1_31.

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The article is devoted to the issues of interethnic relations, which have not lost their relevance in the multiethnic Kazakhstani society. The study contains information on the history of the population, quantitative data, characteristics, language and culture of ethnic groups. In particular, special attention is paid to the historical stages of the settlement of ethnic groups in the Kazakh land and the level of ethnocultural development. The article provides a comparative analysis of studies and data on demographic changes, ethnic history and culture of ethnic groups, their location in the country. In addition, are provided on the activities of ethnocultural centers and public associations operating in the country. Thus, the role of public associations and national-cultural centers in maintaining interethnic unity and harmony is clarified. The results of the study of this topic allows us to trace the unity in our multi-ethnic society and clarify the historical socio-political, socio-cultural life of ethnic groups.Thus, the results of studying this topic will make it possible in the future to create prerequisites for establishing unity in the multinational society of Kazakhstan via language policy and to clarify the historical socio-political, socio-cultural life of ethnic groups.

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37

Manduchi, Patrizia. "Students and Dissent in Egypt." Oriente Moderno 95, no. 1-2 (August 7, 2015): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340078.

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This essay aims to describe the Egyptian university movement from the birth of University in Egypt (1908) until the end of Nasser period (1970). A particular focus is provided on the political and social role that students’ opposition movements assumed during all the national events, both in the liberal-monarchic age and under the Nasser presidency. A special attention has been payed to the evolution of Islamic student organizations inside Egyptian universities. The ultimate goal is to stress, with an historical perspective, the relations between the history of universities and students movements as a part of the past and recent history of Egypt. The analysis of the history of thought, the progressive evolution of civil society, the complex articulation of political discourse, the authoritarian and repressive regimes, the censorship, is relevant to better understand the actual political Egyptian context.

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Rieger, Anna-Katharina, and Heike Möller. "Northern Libyan Desert Ware: new thoughts on ‘Shell-tempered Ware’ and other handmade pottery from the Eastern Marmarica (north-west Egypt)." Libyan Studies 43 (2012): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900000030.

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AbstractA group of handmade pottery from the Eastern Marmarica (north-west Egypt) can be associated with the indigenous population of the region, subsumed as nomadic Libyans. A discussion of its type and fabric – mainly shell-tempered – leads to questions about its chronology as well as the ethnic and cultural background of the producers and users of these wares. Stratified finds and a diligent assessment of the reliability of associated pottery from surface find-spots will seek to fix the chronology of Northern Libyan Desert Ware (NLDW).

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39

Gaganakis, Margaret. "Language and ethnic group relations in non-racial schools." English Academy Review 9, no. 1 (December 1992): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10131759285310061.

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TEITELBAUM, JOSHUA. "SAUDI ARABIA, EGYPT, AND THE LONGUE DURÉE STRUGGLE FOR ISLAM'S HOLIEST PLACES." Historical Journal 61, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 1017–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x1700036x.

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AbstractScholars inquiring into Saudi–Egyptian or Hijazi–Egyptian relations, or the history of modern Saudi state formation, have been tempted to concentrate on the June 1926 attack by the tribal Ikhwan on the Egyptian Maḥmal, or pilgrimage caravan, as the key to understanding these relations. But such a courte durée, sometimes known as the événementielle approach, leaves out much rich depth. In fact, when placed within the wider time frame of the longue durée of relations between Egypt and the Hijaz, which is Arabia's western littoral region and home to Islam's holiest places, its historical significance becomes more about ending Egyptian claims of primacy in the Hijaz than achieving internal Saudi state consolidation. It is the longue durée that should command attention, for the only way that Ibn Saud could refashion to his own favour the historical connections that defined Islamic legitimacy in a political form was to cut the Gordian knot between Egypt and the Hijaz. He had to break up the Red Sea littoral system, and tie the holy places instead to the Saudi heartland of Najd. At the Red Sea's expense, the Arabian Peninsula, dominated by Saudi Arabia, became the new geo-political feature of the region.

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41

Campisi, Jack, and Alexandra Harmon. "Indians in the Making: Ethnic Relations and Indian Identities around Puget Sound." Journal of American History 86, no. 4 (March 2000): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2567602.

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42

DeDominicis, Benedict E. "The Bulgarian ethnic model: post-1989 Bulgarian ethnic conflict resolution." Nationalities Papers 39, no. 3 (May 2011): 441–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2011.565317.

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Bulgarian majority and Turkish minority relations have remained peaceful in the post Communist era despite a significant potential for civil strife. These antagonisms were a product of Bulgaria's historical political development. The most recent episode of forced assimilation policies under the Communist regime was a critical grievance contributing to the democratic transition in 1989. Unlike in neighboring Yugoslavia, communal ethnic conflict did not escalate to violence with political liberalization and the emergence of democratic political competition. A critical factor in the political formula for maintaining interethnic peace in Bulgaria has been Turkey's comparatively constrained behavior as a “motherland state” with regard to the Turkish Diaspora in Bulgaria.

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Fazliev, Aivaz Minnegosmanovich, Lyudmila Nikolaevna Brodovskaya, Vera Viktorovna Buravleva, and Liliya Rifhatovna Galimzyanova. "Problems of interethnic relations and their reflection in the course of history." Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-B (December 24, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-b584p.7-11.

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The basis of the concept of humanitarization in education lies in the orientation of education towards solving problems in the field of modern civilization and culture. The problem of comprehensive consideration of the ethnic dimension of Russian society is among the fundamental problems that determine the strategy for the development of national education. The humanitarization in education is seen in the fact that through the sphere of education, a person can feel his or her ethnic, cultural, and historical uniqueness simultaneously with the realization of their belonging to world history. The concept of the humanitarization in education serves as the basis for building a multicultural educational environment, in the conditions of which the formation of multicultural thinking takes place, reflecting globalist trends. The paper analyses the functions of multicultural education: philosophical and cultural, ethical and humanistic, educational and reflexive, personal and developing in the context of the author's concept of humanitarization.

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Ingrao, Charles. "Ethnic Cleansing." Nationalities Papers 25, no. 4 (December 1997): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999708408539.

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45

Heinkel, Jamison C. "Killing Others: A Natural History of Ethnic Violence." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 26, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537113.2020.1712871.

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46

Ray, Subhasish. "History and Ethnic Conflict: Does Precolonial Centralization Matter?" International Studies Quarterly 63, no. 2 (March 20, 2019): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz010.

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47

Savin, Sergey, and Elisaveta Rodionova. "Ethnic Inequality in the Mass Consciousness of Russians, 1960–2010s." Russian History 44, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 68–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04401002.

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The study of the problem of ethnic inequality in historical perspective provides the opportunity to trace the processes of the integration/disintegration of society with respect to interethnic relations. The social and structural characteristics of ethnic inequality are reflected in the population’s mass consciousness and acquire the force of social attitudes. Social tension arises in society from the objective and subjective causes of ethnic inequality, and this tension, in turn, can develop into ethnic conflicts. The politicization of ethnic conflicts fractures society even more along the lines of ethnic inequality, and the escalation of these conflicts can lead to the disintegration of society and the formation of new states in accordance with the ethno-nationalist principle. This predictable pattern was realized in the historical process of the ussr in the period of the 1960s–1991, and contemporary Russian society experiences to this day the consequences of ethnic tensions that resulted in the collapse of the Soviet Union. The historical experience of national identity formation cannot occur without recognizing the dynamics of problems of ethnic inequality. These issues are considered through the empirical findings of ethnic and sociological research in which periods of development with new scientific formulations and approaches become apparent. The findings of the authors’ own sociological research in the form of an opinion survey conducted in St. Petersburg in 2015–2016 confirm the importance of the challenge of ethnic inequality in contemporary Russian society and permit an evaluation of the issue’s current state in mass consciousness.

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Mueller, Katja. "Dating the Ptolemaic city-foundations in Cyrenaica. A brief note." Libyan Studies 35 (2004): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900003708.

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AbstractThis article discusses the origin of the three dynastic settlements, which the Ptolemies (re) founded in Cyrenaica: Arsinoe-Taucheira, Ptolemais near Barca and Berenike near Euesperides. The evidence for the dating of the foundation of Ptolemais is re-examined and a papyrological text introduced, which has so far been ignored by previous scholars. This text unambiguously attests citizens of Ptolemais near Barca as early as 252 BC in Egypt. It refutes the commonly accepted argument that all three Ptolemaic cities were founded under Ptolemy III Euergetes (246-221 BC) and within the same framework of administrative-political concerns. It will be suggested that Ptolemy I Soter had the motifs, opportunity and resources to found Ptolemais as early as the end of the fourth century BC. Several papyri further emphasise that despite the almost simultaneous demise of Euesperides and rise of Berenike nearby, ethnic designations for these two cities were simultaneously in use throughout Ptolemaic Egypt until at least the end of the third century BC.

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Ryholt, K. S. B. "Hotepibre, a Supposed Asiatic King in Egypt with Relations to Ebla." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 311 (August 1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1357421.

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50

Harland, Philip A. "“Syrians call you Astarte … Lycian peoples call you Leto”: Ethnic Relations and Circulating Legends in the Villages of Egypt." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 80, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/716245.

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