Academic literature on the topic 'EGR only'
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Journal articles on the topic "EGR only"
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Raynov, Alexander Markov, Yun-Hoon Choung, Sung-Kyun Moon, and Keehyun Park. "Expression of female sex hormone receptors in human middle-ear cholesteatomas." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 119, no. 12 (December 2005): 941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221505775010878.
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The purpose of this study was to establish the eventual presence of progesterone receptor (PGR) and oestrogen receptor (EGR) in human middle-ear cholesteatoma (MECh) tissues and to compare their expression between male and female patients. An immunohistochemical technique was employed for detection of PGR- and EGR-specific immunoreactivity in MECh samples using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The positive results were verified with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The morphological study revealed stable expression of PGR in suprabasal layers of all cholesteatoma samples. Weaker immunoreactivity for PGR was demonstrated in external auditory canal skin (EACS) samples in comparison with MECh, while PGR-specific staining was not observed in retroauricular skin (RAS) samples. EGR was detected only at mRNA levels. Stronger expression of EGR PCR products was disclosed in female cholesteatoma samples, while PGR mRNA was predominantly detected in male cholesteatoma specimens. Our preliminary experimental results give us ground to assume that female sex hormones may stimulate proliferation and affect differentiation of MECh keratinocytes.
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Chang, Yao, Heng-Huan Lee, Yu-Te Chen, Jean Lu, Shih-Yi Wu, Chaio-Wei Chen, Kenzo Takada, and Ching-Hwa Tsai. "Induction of the Early Growth Response 1 Gene by Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Transactivator Zta." Journal of Virology 80, no. 15 (August 1, 2006): 7748–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02608-05.
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ABSTRACT Early growth response 1 (Egr-1) is a cellular transcription factor involved in diverse biologic functions. Egr-1 has been associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, but it is still unknown whether any EBV protein regulates Egr-1 expression. In this study, we first showed that EBV reactivation is involved in upregulation of Egr-1 and that Egr-1 can be induced by Zta, an EBV lytic transactivator. Zta not only binds to the Egr-1 promoter but also activates the ERK signaling pathway to trigger binding of Elk-1 to the Egr-1 promoter. In addition, knockdown of Egr-1 significantly reduces the spontaneous expression of Zta and Rta in EBV-infected 293 cells, suggesting that a positive-feedback network involving Egr-1 is required for EBV reactivation. This study also implies that Zta has the potential to affect expression of certain genes through Egr-1.
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Wu, Jun Hua, Fu Shan Zuo, and Yong Hui Zhang. "Experimental Study of EGR on Performance and Emissions of a Turbocharged DME Engine." Advanced Materials Research 886 (January 2014): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.886.257.
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This paper presents anexperimental study on reduction of NOx emission of a turbochargedengine fuelled with DME by means of EGR. Effects of EGR rate on engineefficiency and emission behavior was evaluated. The results show that the EGRcould be used as an effective way to reduce NOx emission. NOx isreduced almost linearly with increase of EGR rate. At low load condition, theNOx emission is reduced by 80% with 40% EGR rate without any economypenalty. At high load condition, the same substantial reduction of NOx couldbe achieved with only 20% EGR rate. While the HC and CO emissions are increasedwith increase of EGR rate. However, it is worth noting that EGR had a negativeeffect on fuel consumption at high load. Low EGR ratio should be taken at highengine load condition.
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Ziegelhoeffer, Tibor, Matthias Heil, Silvia Fischer, Borja Fernández, Wolfgang Schaper, Klaus T. Preissner, Elisabeth Deindl, and Judith-Irina Pagel. "Role of early growth response 1 in arteriogenesis: Impact on vascular cell proliferation and leukocyte recruitment in vivo." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 107, no. 03 (2012): 562–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th11-07-0490.
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SummaryBased on previous findings that early growth response 1 (Egr-1) participates in leukocyte recruitment and cell proliferation in vitro, this study was designed to investigate its mode of action during arteriogenesis in vivo. In a model of peripheral arteriogenesis, Egr-1 was significantly upregulated in growing collaterals of wild-type (WT) mice, both on mRNA and protein level. Egr-1−/− mice demonstrated delayed arteriogenesis after femoral artery ligation. They further showed increased levels of monocytes and granulocytes in the circulation, but reduced levels in adductor muscles under baseline conditions. After femoral artery ligation, elevated numbers of macrophages were detected in the perivascular zone of collaterals in Egr-1−/− mice and mRNA of leukocyte recruitment mediators was upregulated. Other Egr family members (Egr-2 to -4) were significantly upregulated only in Egr-1−/− mice, suggesting a mechanism of counterbalancing Egr-1 deficiency. Moreover, splicing factor-1, downregulated in WT mice after femoral artery ligation in the process of increased vascular cell proliferation, was upregulated in Egr-1−/− mice. αSM-actin on the other hand, significantly downregulated in WT mice, showed no differential expression in Egr-1−/− mice. While cell cycle regulator cyclin E and cdc20 were upregulated in Egr-1−/− mice, cyclin D1 expression decreased below the detection limit in collaterals, and the proliferation marker ki67 was not differentially expressed. In conclusion, compensation for deficiency in Egr-1 function in leukocyte recruitment can presumably be mediated by other transcription factors; however, Egr-1 is indispensable for effective vascular cell cycle progression in arteriogenesis.
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Li, Lian-Jie, Jeffrey M. Weinberg, Ibrahim A. Tangoren, Joseph P. Sleater, and Lynn M. Klein. "Erythema Gyratum Repens Associated with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 2, no. 1 (July 1997): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347549700200113.
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Background: Erythema gyratum repens (EGR) is a gyrate erythema found in association with underlying malignancy, most commonly that of the lung, esophagus, and breast. Since 1952, there have been 51 cases of this condition reported. Objective: Only one case of EGR associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCCB) has been previously reported. Methods: The second case of EGR is the subject of a case report presentation. Results: An elderly patient presented with EGR and subsequent work-up revealed the presence of malignancy of the bladder. Conclusion: Erythema gyratum repens can be found in association with a variety of malignancies, including TCCB.
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Smith, Jack A., and Gordon J. J. Bartley. "Stoichiometric Operation of a Gas Engine Utilizing Synthesis Gas and EGR for NOx Control." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122, no. 4 (April 2, 2000): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1289386.
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This paper presents the results from an internal research study conducted at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) on the effects of stoichiometric mixtures of natural gas and synthesis gas with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance and exhaust emissions. Constant load performance and emissions tests were conducted on a modified, single-cylinder, Caterpillar 1Y540 research engine at 11.0 bar (160 psi) bmep. Engine performance and emissions comparisons between natural gas with EGR, and natural gas with syngas and EGR are presented. In addition, the performance characteristics of the fuel reforming catalyst are presented. Results show that thermal efficiency increases with increasing EGR for both natural gas operation and natural gas with syngas operation at constant load. The use of syngas with natural gas extended the EGR tolerance by 44.4 percent on a mass basis compared to natural gas only, leading to a 77 percent reduction in raw NOx emissions over the lowest natural gas with EGR NOx emissions. [S0742-4795(00)00504-4]
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Dinkel, A., W. K. Aicher, C. Haas, P. F. Zipfel, H. H. Peter, and H. Eibel. "Transcription factor Egr-1 activity down-regulates Fas and CD23 expression in B cells." Journal of Immunology 159, no. 6 (September 15, 1997): 2678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.159.6.2678.
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Abstract Activation of mature B cells via Ag receptor cross-linking induces transient expression of the transcription factor Egr-1. Although the activating signals leading to Egr-1 induction have been studied extensively, little is known about the genes that are placed further downstream within this activation cascade and that are transcriptionally regulated by Egr-1. To identify such target genes, we established Egr-1-overexpressing transfectants from the murine B cell line K46 and from human Ramos B cells. All clones derived from K46 B cells showed increased expression of CD44. Most interestingly, expression of CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) and of CD23 was down-regulated in all K46 transfectants. As a consequence, they became resistant to apoptosis induced by anti-CD95 Ab treatment. Similarly, the Egr-1-expressing Ramos cells showed reduced levels of CD95 expression. Thus, Egr-1 seems to control the expression of downstream target genes not only as a transcriptional activator, but also as a repressor molecule. In B cells, Egr-1 therefore plays a critical role in integrating the short-lived signal delivered by triggering of the Ag receptor into phenotypic changes, including repression of CD95 and CD23 transcription.
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Liang, Jinlong, Jingyi Wang, Jinshui Zeng, Zhibo Bai, Zhiyuan Zheng, Yue Zheng, Fengqi Jiang, and Di Wu. "The Landscape of Early Growth Response Family Members 1-4 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Their Biological Roles and Diagnostic Utility." Disease Markers 2022 (August 22, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3144742.
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The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is one of the most frequent types of cancer seen all over the world, is steadily growing from year to year. EGR genes are members of the early growth response (EGR) gene family. It has been shown that EGR genes play an increasingly essential role in the development of tumors and the progression of numerous malignancies. However, the possible diagnostic and prognostic roles of EGR genes in HCC have only been examined in a limited number of studies. Expression and methylation data on EGR family members were obtained from TCGA datasets. The prognostic values of EGR members were studied. Additionally, the correlations of EGR members with immune cells were assessed through the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). In this study, we found that the expression of EGR1, EGR2, EGR3, and EGR4 was distinctly decreased in HCC specimens compared with nontumor specimens. ROC assays confirmed that they have a strong ability in screening HCC specimens from nontumor specimens. According to the findings of Pearson’s correlation, EGR1, EGR2, EGR3, and EGR4 were found to have a negative association with the methylation level. Survival study revealed that EGR1, EGR2, and EGR3 were associated with the clinical outcome of HCC patients. Immune cell enrichment analysis demonstrated that the expressions of all EGR members were positively related to the levels of most types of immune cells, such as macrophages, NK cells, B cells, T cells, eosinophils, and CD8 T cells. Overall, the current work demonstrated the expression mode and prognostic value of EGR members in HCC in a comprehensive manner, offering insights for further research of the EGR family as possible clinical biomarkers in HCC.
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Zhou, Yanqiong, Ganggang Shi, Jinhong Zheng, Zhanqin Huang, Fenfei Gao, Yanmei Zhang, Fuxiao Guo, Qiangyong Jia, and Yanshan Zheng. "The protective effects of Egr-1 antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide on cardiac microvascular endothelial injury induced by hypoxia–reoxygenationThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue entitled “Second International Symposium on Recent Advances in Basic, Clinical, and Social Medicine” and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 88, no. 4 (August 2010): 687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o10-021.
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Early growth response 1 (Egr-1) over-expression has been demonstrated in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury, which is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction. In the present study we investigated the expression of Egr-1 on cultured cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) to help define the mechanism of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. A model of cultured CMECs exposed to hypoxia–reoxygenation was developed in which synthesized Egr-1 sense and antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide were transfected into the cells. The expression of Egr-1 was examined by Western blot analysis. Lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, tumor necrosis factor α, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were measured after hypoxia–reoxygenation to assess cell function and injury. Cell morphology, cell viability, and neutrophil adhesion to the CMECs were measured to assess the degree of injury and inflammation. Only cells transfected with Egr-1 antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide showed a significant reduction in Egr-1 protein expression following hypoxia–reoxygenation. Consistent with the down-regulation of Egr-1 expression, other forms of cell injury were significantly reduced in this group of cells, as evidenced by less alteration in cell morphology, a decrease in expression of tumor necrosis factor α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1, improved cell survival, and reduced neutrophil adhesion.
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Rupprecht, H. D., P. Dann, V. P. Sukhatme, R. B. Sterzel, and D. L. Coleman. "Effect of vasoactive agents on induction of Egr-1 in rat mesangial cells: correlation with mitogenicity." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 263, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): F623—F636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1992.263.4.f623.
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The early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1) is a member of the family of immediate early response genes. Egr-1 encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein that binds a specific nonameric DNA sequence through three zinc-finger domains and functions as a transcriptional activator. We tested whether the vasoactive agents platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), arginine vasopressin (AVP), serotonin (5-HT), and angiotensin II (ANG II) induced Egr-1 mRNA in cultured rat mesangial cells (MCs) and investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in mediating the induction process. PDGF, AVP, and 5-HT induced Egr-1 mRNA within 15 min, reaching peak levels at 45-60 min. After PDGF and 5-HT stimulation, Egr-1 mRNA levels returned to baseline within 4 h, whereas AVP induced a sustained increase for up to 8 h. There was a very close correlation between doses required for Egr-1 induction and induction of MC proliferation. ANG II was a very weak MC mitogen and induced only a small increase in Egr-1 mRNA. Comparison of control cells with cells depleted of PKC by 48 h of PMA treatment revealed that induction of Egr-1 by PDGF and 5-HT is independent of PKC. In contrast, however, the Egr-1 response to AVP was diminished in PKC-depleted cells. AVP induced Egr-1 mRNA 10.9-fold in control cells, compared with 7.8-fold in PKC-depleted cells. Egr-1 mRNA after AVP stimulation remained elevated in control cells for up to 8 h but returned to baseline after 120 min in PKC-depleted cells. Similar results were obtained using the PKC-inhibitor H-7. Using immunocytochemistry, PDGF and AVP were found to induce Egr-1 protein within 30 min localized to the nucleus. We conclude that there is a strong correlation between induction of Egr-1 after stimulation with PDGF, AVP, 5-HT, and ANG II and the proliferative response elicited by these agents in MCs. AVP induces Egr-1 by both PKC-dependent and PKC-independent pathways, whereas the effects of PDGF and 5-HT are independent of PKC.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EGR only"
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Liang, Yandong. "Parental expectations of only child boys and only child girls in urban China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3252782.
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Smith, Joshua. "Investigating the Apoptotic Effects of Platinum(II) Amine Complexes With Only One Leaving Ligand on Zebrafish Auditory End Organs." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2340.
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The FDA-approved platinum compound, cisplatin, is commonly used as a chemotherapy drug to treat many forms of cancer. However, this compound also has several associated side-effects, including ototoxicity. This has made the development of novel platinum compounds that reduce cancer cell viability, while causing fewer and milder side-effects, an area of significant research interest. In the present study, we examined the apoptotic effects that four monofunctional platinum compounds, pyriplatin, phenanthriplatin, Pt(diethylenetriamine)Cl, and Pt(N,Ndiethyldiethylenetriamine) Cl, had on zebrafish inner ear auditory epithelial cells. We then compared the apoptotic effects of these compounds to those of cisplatin, which is a bifunctional platinum compound. Our hypothesis was that the four monofunctional platinum compounds would cause reduced inner ear apoptosis compared to cisplatin. Zebrafish were injected with either vehicle solution, cisplatin or with one of the monofunctional compounds. Later, at 24-hour and 48-hour time points, the zebrafish were euthanized, and two of their auditory inner ear endorgans, the utricle and saccule, were dissected out. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was then used to label apoptotic cells, and the inner ear organs were viewed under a microscope. The number of apoptotic cells on each sample was quantified and the data were analyzed for significant differences between treatments. We found that with the exception of pyriplatin in the saccules, and with the exception of pyriplatin, Pt(N,N-diethyldiethylenetriamine)Cl, and phenanthriplatin in the utricles, the monofunctional compounds and cisplatin did not induce apoptosis in the inner ear of zebrafish at either time point. Based on these results we conclude that the monofunctional platinum compounds largely do not induce zebrafish inner ear apoptosis and if they were to produce ototoxicity, it would not be through an apoptotic mechanism.
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Syam, Diana. "Immobilizing Mutation in an Unconventional Myosin15a Affects not only the Structure of Mechanosensory Stereocilia in the Inner Ear Hair Cells but also their Ionic Conductances." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/medsci_etds/2.
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In the inner and outer hair cells (OHCs) of the inner ear, an unconventional myosin 15a localizes at the tips of mechanosensory stereocilia and plays an important role in forming and maintaining their normal structure. A missense mutation makes the motor domain of myosin 15a dysfunctional and is responsible for the congenital deafness DFNB3 in humans and deafness and vestibular defects in Shaker-2 (Sh2) mouse model. All hair cells of homozygous Shaker-2 mice (Myo15sh2/sh2) have abnormally short stereocilia, but, only stereocilia of Myo15sh2/sh2OHCs start to degenerate after the first few days of postnatal development and lose filamentous tip links between stereocilia that are crucial for mechanotransduction. The exact mechanisms of this degeneration are unknown even though they may underlie DFNB3 deafness in humans. We hypothesize that structural abnormalities in Myo15sh2/sh2 OHCs may alter the mechanical forces applied to the mechano-electrical transduction (MET) channels resulting in abnormal ionic homeostasis, which may lead to eventual degeneration of Myo15sh2/sh2 OHCs. Therefore, we investigated the ionic conductances and integrity of mechanotransduction apparatus in Myo15sh2/sh2 OHCs. Surprisingly, we found that myosin 15a-deficiency is associated not only with structural abnormalities of OHC stereocilia but also with alterations of voltage-gated ion conductances.
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McIntyre, James Joseph. "Modeling the flow of forces in concrete beams and slabs prestressed only with unbonded tendons." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=788855&T=F.
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謝雅棻. "A Study of Perceived Parental Support, Career Self-Efficacy, Ego Identity and Career Decision-Making of Only Child in Senior High and Vocational Schools." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36316155940760269660.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
輔導與諮商學系所
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The purposes of this present study were to (a) compare the differences of perceived parental support, career self-efficacy, ego identity and career decision-making among only child and non-only child in senior high and vocational school, (b) examine the relation among perceived parental support, career self-efficacy, ego identity and career decision-making of only child, and (c)examine the effects of mediator on career self-efficacy and ego identity between perceived parental support and career decision-making of only child. The subjects were sampled from 15 schools. The subjects were consisted of 286 only child students and 347 non-only child students. Four questionnaires were used: the Scale of Parental Support, the Scale of Adolescent Career Self-Efficacy, Extended Objective Measurement of Ego Identity Status-2 and Career Decision Scale.The data were analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, one-way multivariate analysis of variance, canonical correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The conclusions of this study were summarized as follow： 1. Only child and non-only child in senior high and vocational schools perceived more positive parental support, including physical affection, praise and communication ; they also perceived less negative parental support, including punishment and criticism. 2. Career self-efficacy of only child and non-only child in senior high and vocational schools are moderately high. 3. Ego Identity of only child and non-only child in senior high and vocational schools are moderately low. Children scored higher points in diffusion status than identity achievement status. They scored higher points in identity achievement status than foreclosure status. 4. Career decision-making of only child and non-only child in senior high and vocational schools are moderate. 5. Only child scored higher points in physical affection and praise of perceived parental support, career self-efficacy and career decision-making than non-only child. There were correlations among perceived parental support, career self-efficacy, ego identity and career decision-making of only child in senior high and vocational schools. 6. There is no significant difference on ego identity status of only child and non-only child in senior high and vocational schools. 7. Career self-efficacy and ego identity of only child in senior high and vocational schools were the mediator between perceived parental support and career decision-making. Suggestions for teaching and further studies were proposed based on this research finding. Keywords：Only Child, Perceived Parental Support, Career Self-Efficacy, Ego Identity, Career Decision-Making
Books on the topic "EGR only"
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Guo jia, du sheng zi nü, er tong guan: Dui Beijing Shi er tong sheng huo de diao cha yan jiu. Beijing: Xin hua chu ban she, 2009.
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Ackerman, Marvin. Relax! It's only your doctor's waiting room, not the e.r.: Or how to get along with and understand your doctor. Columbus, Ohio: GOM Medpress, 2004.
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Some spirits heal, others only dance: A journey into human selfhood in an African village. Oxford, England: Berg, 1999.
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Bertoline. Egc/Tgc Instructional Libr Box Only. Irwin, 1995.
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Kolosick, J. Timothy, and Bruce Benward. Site license software (MAC only) for use with Ear Training. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2001.
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Kolosick, J. Timothy, and Bruce Benward. Site license software (MAC only) for use with Ear Training. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2001.
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Pastrana Salcedo, Tarsicio. MAN’S GADGETS OR THE MACHINES THAT DO THINGS. Editorial Grupo Lacería, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37806/egl.2020.001.
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This book has its origin in the research I did for my PhD studies in architecture, at that time it was not easy for me to look for the publication of the work, I was more interested in finishing my studies and continue with my life. Time and chance led me to publish part of that thesis in my first book, however that publication did not cover all the work done so far, so that’s what’s decided by the editors, leaving out the part of the analysis of the machines and taking only the explanations of hydraulic engineering, mestizo processes and treaties and their analysis, the book published in 2010, two years after obtaining the PhD, represented my debut feature Hydraulic Engineering in Mexico sixteenth century and despite the happiness that caused me that first publication had the feeling that there was something that I still need to do. Besides, I never found a clear explanation as to why only half of the thesis had been published, perhaps the number of pages, or the choice of a topic evaluated as being of greater interest, that question had been going around in my head for some time. Why had hydraulic machines been left out?
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Holland: Where Bicycle Theft Is the Only Capital Crime (Chocolate Egg Creams Series). Savage Pubns, 1990.
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Meriam, JL. Meriam Tm Instructor'S Manual to Accompany Engin Eer Mechanics - Statics 2ed (Pr Only). John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1986.
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Adolphe, Bruce. The Mind's Ear. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197576311.001.0001.
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The Mind’s Ear is a unique and fun series of games, exercises, and essays designed to inspire musical creativity and spark the imagination of musicians and music students at all levels. An invaluable resource for music educators, the book can be used in workshops, classes, online sessions, private lessons, and by a reader alone. Some of the games and exercises can be done without musical instruments, others require instruments, some are for groups, some for solo performers, some for composers, and some are listening exercises to be done only in the imagination. Based on theatre games, the book offers new ways to engage with musical creativity
Book chapters on the topic "EGR only"
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Queck, Dirk, and Olaf Erik Herrmann. "Next steps towards EGR-only concept for medium-duty industrial engine." In Proceedings, 555–72. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17109-4_37.
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Smetak, Miriam R., Ankita Patro, and David S. Haynes. "Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome in the Only Hearing Ear." In Third Mobile Window Syndrome of the Inner Ear, 375–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16586-3_21.
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Yamamoto, E., Y. Tasaka, C. Mizukami, T. Ogata, T. Okumura, and M. Tanabe. "Tympanoplasty on the Only Hearing Ear with Chronic Otitis media." In Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 35–40. Basel: KARGER, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000058931.
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Moutarde, Fabien, Guillaume Bresson, Li Yu, and Cyril Joly. "Vehicle Absolute Ego-Localization from Vision, Using Only Pre-existing Geo-Referenced Panoramas." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44610-9_1.
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Roden, Dylan F., Jennifer M. Johnson, Petr Szturz, Paolo Bossi, and Athanassios Argiris. "New and Promising Targeted Therapies in First and Second-Line Settings." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 277–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_18.
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AbstractDeeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), has led to the investigation of several novel targeted therapies. These therapeutic approaches may eventually replace or complement existing treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, and specifically cetuximab, are as of now the only class of targeted agents, excluding immune checkpoint inhibitors, with approval in the treatment of HNSCC. Beyond EGFR inhibition, novel therapies under evaluation are directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR), PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, cell cycle regulation (for example, cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6), HRAS, DNA repair mechanisms, and others. Development of new therapies has to take into consideration the complexity of solid tumors and their heterogeneity. Multitargeted combination therapy approaches may be required in certain cases in order to maximize antitumor effect. Ways to individualize treatment using validated biomarkers are likely to improve outcomes. We review the most relevant molecular targets in HNSCC and provide updates on clinical trial data with promising new targeted agents.
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"Strategy in the Only Hearing Ear." In Middle Ear and Mastoid Microsurgery, edited by Mario Sanna, Hiroshi Sunose, Fernando Mancini, Alessandra Russo, Abdelkader Taibah, and Maurizio Falcioni. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-74942.
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"Strategy in the Only Hearing Ear." In Middle Ear and Mastoid Microsurgery, edited by Mario Sanna, Hiroshi Sunose, Fernando Mancini, Alessandra Russo, and Abdelkader Taibah. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-52338.
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"Management of Acoustic Neurinoma in the Only Hearing Ear." In Atlas of Acoustic Neurinoma Microsurgery, edited by Mario Sanna, Fernando Mancini, Alessandra Russo, Abdelkader Taibah, Maurizio Falcioni, and Giuseppe Di Trapani. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-67155.
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Shapiro, Bruce S., and Forest C. Garner. "On The Strategy of “Freezing Only” Embryos." In How to Prepare the Egg and Embryo to Maximize IVF Success, 354–61. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316756744.030.
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"Sporadic vestibular schwannomain only hearing ear75 Management of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma in the Only Hearing Ear." In Comprehensive Management of Vestibular Schwannoma, edited by Matthew L. Carlson, Michael J. Link, Colin L. W. Driscoll, Brian A. Neff, Jamie J. Van Gompel, Kelly D. Flemming, John I. Lane, Neil T. Shepard, and Robert L. Foote. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0039-169229.
Full textConference papers on the topic "EGR only"
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Manente, Vittorio, Bengt Johansson, and Pert Tunestal. "Characterization of Partially Premixed Combustion With Ethanol: EGR Sweeps, Low and Maximum Loads." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2009-76165.
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EGR sweeps were performed on Ethanol Partially Premixed Combustion, PPC, to show different emission and efficiency trends as compared to Diesel PPC. The sweeps showed that increasing the EGR rate the efficiency does not diminish, HC trace is flat and CO is low even with 45% of EGR. NOx exponentially decreases by increasing EGR while soot levels are nearly zero throughout the sweep. The EGR sweeps underlined that at high EGR levels, the pressure rise rate is a concern. To overcome this problem and keep high efficiency and low emissions a sweep in timing of the pilot injection and pilot-main ratio was done at ∼16.5 bar gross IMEP. It was found that with a pilot-main ratio of 50–50 and by placing the pilot at −60 with 42% of EGR, NOx and soot are below EURO VI levels, the indicated efficiency is 47% and the maximum pressure rise rate is below 10 bar/CAD. Low load conditions were examined as well. It was found that by placing the SOI at −35 TDC the efficiency is maximized on the other hand when the injection is at −25 the emissions are minimized and the efficiency is only 1.64% lower than its optimum value. The idle test also showed that a certain amount of EGR is needed in order to minimize the pressure rise rate.
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Warth, Marco, Boris Lerch, Adam Loch, and Alfred Elsaesser. "MAHLE Advanced EGR Systems for Commercial Diesel Engines to Meet Future Emission Demands." In ASME 2007 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2007-1639.
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Given the ever more stringent emission regulations modern diesel engines undergo these days, the need for advanced EGR systems becomes crucial in all major applications, in particular on- & off-road commercial diesel engines. One of the key aspects of these so-called advanced EGR systems thereby is to reliably provide the engine with the appropriate, high amounts of EGR over the entire range of operating conditions. Whereas common systems are either optimized for low-torque/low-speed operating conditions, or a narrow range around one specific engine speed, the advanced systems aim to both cover the entire operating range and significantly increase the current level of EGR. The advanced EGR systems developed at MAHLE make use of two types of fast acting devices in a modular approach. Depending on the engine size/layout and the amount of EGR needed, the devices are either placed directly in the EGR line or the intake manifold. Using the latest technical advances in mechatronics, the oscillating valves can be opened or closed within less than 3ms, which makes it not only possible to accurately control the amount of EGR fed back into the engine, it also allows to boost the amount of EGR using the exhaust pressure oscillations. In addition to these oscillating valves, rotational flaps have been developed to significantly reduce the complexity of the systems, while still offering similar benefits in terms of EGR rates and variability. Shown hereafter are the results from thorough investigations conducted on both European and US heavy-duty diesel engines. Focusing on some of the most common engine characteristics, such as EGR rates, emissions of nitrogen oxide and fuel consumption, significant benefits can be seen using the newly developed technologies. Compared to conventional measures, such as increased exhaust backpressure and/or constant charge-air throttling, the advanced systems prove to be both more efficient and flexible in terms of EGR rates, as well as beneficial regarding some of the most important engine characteristics.
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Reihani, Amin, John Hoard, Stefan Klinkert, Chih-Kuang Kuan, and Daniel Styles. "Numerical Evaluation of the Effects of Low Pressure EGR Mixer Configuration on Turbocharger Compressor Performance." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9686.
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Low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (LP-EGR) is an EGR configuration in which clean exhaust gas is taken downstream of the turbine and aftertreatment, and then reintroduced upstream of the compressor (1). Employing LP-EGR on Diesel engines can improve fuel economy by reducing pumping losses, lowering intake manifold temperature and facilitating advanced combustion phasing (2, 3). The LP-EGR can also improve compressor and turbine performance by moving their operating points towards higher flow rate and higher efficiency points, which is reflected as a net reduction in pumping losses of the engine. In this study, we focus on effects of introducing LP-EGR on the compressor pressure ratio, and isentropic total-to-total efficiency. The flow field of LP-EGR and air mixing upstream of the compressor as well as the entire compressor stage were studied using a CFD RANS model. The model was validated against turbocharger gas stand measurements. A T-junction mixer was chosen as the design baseline, and various configurations of this mixer were evaluated. The impact of the geometric configuration of the mixer was studied by varying mixing length, EGR jet introduction angle, and EGR-to-air cross section area ratio over a wide range of relevant engine operating conditions. The flow field upstream of the compressor is strongly affected by the dimensionless quantity EGR-to-air momentum ratio. At intermediate momentum ratios, stream-wise counter-rotating vortex pairs (4) are induced in the flow. These vortices can reach the impeller inlet, and depending on vorticity and length scale, perturb the local velocity triangle. At low and high momentum ratios, creeping or impinging jets respectively are formed. In addition prewhirl can be induced by eccentric introduction of EGR. The EGR-induced prewhirl acts similar to an inlet guide vane and can alter the incidence angle at the impeller inlet. The performance of the compressor is altered by the EGR-induced flow field. Compressor pressure ratio is either increased or decreased depending on the direction of EGR-induced prewhirl with eccentric EGR introduction. The compressor efficiency decreases at low flow rates by introduction of concentric EGR due to perturbation of the velocity triangle at the impeller inlet. On the other hand, at low flow rates compressor efficiency can be improved by eccentric EGR introduction, which generates prewhirl in the direction of rotation of the impeller leading to improved incidence angle. The extent to which the compressor is influenced by the EGR-induced flow field is generally reduced by increasing the EGR mixing length, due to viscous damping and breakdown of large-scale EGR-induced vortices. The LP-EGR configuration provides a potential pathway towards improvement of compressor performance, not only by increasing compressor flow rate, but also by manipulation of the flow field. Given that the engine pumping losses are strongly dependent on compressor performance, specifically the compressor efficiency, this study indicates that LP-EGR provides an important path towards reducing pumping loss and improving fuel conversion efficiency.
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Palenschat, Torsten, Peter Newton, Ricardo F. Martinez-Botas, Markus Müller, and Johannes Leweux. "3-D Computational Loss Analysis of an Asymmetric Volute Twin-Scroll Turbocharger." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64190.
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In times of stringent emission standards for automotive and truck applications, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is used in IC engines to reduce NOx emissions by recirculating a portion of an engine’s exhaust gas. The amount of exhaust gas determined for EGR is withdrawn from the exhaust gas route and routed back into the combustion chamber. The recirculated exhaust gas acts as an inert gas and, when mixed with the pre-combustion mixture, helps to decrease the combustion temperature and thus NOx emissions. Designed for a diesel engine within a truck application, the turbine in this particular research project is fed by two cylinder groups, however, only the exhaust gas of one group is recirculated. The reduced mass flow in the small turbine scroll (EGR-scroll) through EGR withdrawal, along with the increased pressure required for EGR transport, leads to a massive reduction in the mass flow parameter of the EGR-scroll. The common turbocharger design process has been based on steady admission rather than unsteady admission given through the pulsating nature of multi-cylinder admission. This has lead to diverging results of turbochargers performing well on steady hot gas test rigs compared to performing badly in the final tests on the engine itself. In this paper however, unequal admission resulting from pulsating admission is taken into account. Based on unsteady admission, a methodology is proposed for steady computations with unequal admissions, and a thorough 3D CFD loss analysis is to be presented to understand the turbine behaviour, reveal the regions for improvements, and provide a framework for further development.
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Yan, Fengjun, and Junmin Wang. "Diesel Engine Intake Condition Control-Oriented Models for Active Fuel Injection Profile Control." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-5975.
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Fueling control in Diesel engines is not only of significance to the combustion process in one particular cycle, but also influences the subsequent dynamics of air-path loop and combustion events, particularly when exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is employed. To better reveal such inherently interactive relations, this paper presents a physics-based, control-oriented model describing the dynamics of the intake conditions with fuel injection profile being its input for Diesel engines equipped with EGR and turbocharging systems. The effectiveness of this model is validated by comparing the predictive results with those produced by a high-fidelity 1-D computational GT-Power engine model.
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Hedrick, John, Steven G. Fritz, and Ted Stewart. "Application of an Experimental EGR System to a Medium Speed EMD Marine Engine." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2009-14023.
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This paper focuses on quantifying emission reductions associated with various on-engine technologies applied to Electro-Motive Diesel two-cycle diesel engines, which are very popular in marine and locomotive applications in North America. This paper investigates the benefits of using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), separate circuit aftercooler, and retarded injection timing on a EMD 12-645E7 marine engine. The EGR system alone provided up to a 32.9% reduction in brake specific Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions while demonstrating less than one percent increase in cycle brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The brake specific particulate matter emissions increased somewhat, but at a modest rate based on the amount of NOx emission reduction. When the enhanced aftercooler system was combined with the addition of EGR, there was a 31.9% reduction in NOx and essentially no change to the BSFC when compared to the baseline test. The minimum manifold air temperature (MAT) was limited due to the size of the standard EMD aftercooler heat exchanger that is fitted on the engine. No efforts to modify the turbocharger to improve the turbo match to take advantage of the lower manifold air temperatures and the corresponding lower exhaust energy. Once 4° static injection timing retard was introduced, along with the EGR and the minimum MAT, a maximum NOx reduction of 49% was realized with only a 1.1% increase over the baseline BSFC.
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Kanesaka, Hiroshi, Toshihiko Tanaka, and Hiroshi Sakai. "Reduction of Hyperbrid Diesel Engine Emission by EGR: [An Only Possible Method to Meet US Emission Standard of the Year 2004]." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-0971.
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Yan, Ziming, Brian Gainey, Deivanayagam Hariharan, and Benjamin Lawler. "Investigation Into Reactivity Separation Between Direct Injected and Premixed Fuels in RCCI Combustion Mode." In ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2019-7130.
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Abstract This experimental study focuses on the effects of the reactivity separation between the port injected fuel and the direct injection fuel, the amount of external-cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and the direct injection timing of the high reactivity fuel on Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion. The experiments were conducted on a light-duty, single-cylinder diesel engine with a production GM/Isuzu engine head and piston and a retrofitted port fuel injection system. The global charge-mass equivalence ratio, ϕ′, was fixed at 0.32 throughout all of the experiments. To investigate the effects of the fuel reactivity separation, different Primary Reference Fuels (PRF) were port injected, with the PRF number varying from 50 to 90. To investigate the effects of EGR, an EGR range of 0 to 55% was used. To investigate the effects of the injection timing, an injection timing window of −65 to −45 degrees ATDC was chosen. The results indicate that there are several tradeoffs. First, decreasing the port injected fuel reactivity (increasing the PRF number) delays combustion phasing, decreases the combustion efficiency by up to 9%, increases the gross indicated thermal efficiency up to 22%, enhances the combustion sensitivity to the direct injection timing, and slightly increases the UHC, CO, and NOx emissions. Second, increasing the EGR percentage delays combustion phasing, lowers the peak heat release rate, and lowers the NOx emissions. The combustion efficiency first increases and then decreases with EGR percentage for high reactivity fuels (low PRF number), but only decreases for low reactivity fuels. Finally, delaying the injection timing advances combustion phasing and increases the combustion efficiency, but decreases the gross indicated thermal efficiency and increases the NOx emissions. Across all of the experiments, delays in CA50 increase the gross indicated thermal efficiency and decrease the combustion efficiency, which represents an inherent tradeoff for RCCI combustion on a light-duty engine.
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Hedzyk, Nazarii, and Oleksandr Kondrat. "Low-Permeable Reservoirs as High Potential Assets for EGR." In SPE Eastern Europe Subsurface Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208555-ms.
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Abstract Natural gas fields that are being developed in Ukraine, mainly relate to the high and medium permeability reservoirs, most of which are at the final stage of field life. In this situation one of the main sources of additional gas production is unconventional fields. This paper presents the analysis of challenges concerning development of low-permeable reservoirs and experimental results of conducted research, which provide the opportunity to establish technologies for enhance gas recovery factor. For this purpose, a series of laboratory experiments were carried out on the sand packed models of gas field with different permeability (from 9.7 to 93 mD) using natural gas. The pressure in the experiments varied from 1 to 10 MPa, temperature – 22-60 °C. According to the features of low-permeable gas fields development the research of displacement desorption with carbon dioxide and inert gas stripping by nitrogen was conducted. These studies also revealed the influence of pressure, temperature, reservoir permeability and non-hydrocarbon gases injection rate on the course of adsorption-desorption processes and their impact on the gas recovery factor. According to the experimental results of relative adsorption capacity determination it can be concluded that the carbon dioxide usage as the displacement agent can lead to producing adsorbed gas by more than 30% than by using nitrogen. To remove the adsorbed gas just reservoir pressure lowering is not enough due to the nature of adsorption isotherms. Particularly at pressure decreasing by 8-10 times compared to initial reservoir pressure only about 30-40% of the total amount of initially adsorbed gas is desorbed. And at considerable reservoir pressure reduction the further deposit development is not economically profitable. According to the results it was found that in the case of nitrogen usage the most effective method is full voidage replacement at injection pressure of 0.8 of the initial reservoir pressure, and in case of carbon dioxide usage - full voidage replacement method at pressure of 0.6 of the initial reservoir pressure. Taking into account availability of N2 and CO2, N2injection is recommended for further implementation. The influence of displacement agent injection pressure on gas recovery was experimentally proved. The physical sense of the processes taking place during natural gas desorption stimulation by non-hydrocarbon gases was justified. The effect of temperature, pressure and reservoir permeability on methane adsorption capacity were determined. The mathematical model for estimating adsorbed gas amount depending on the reservoir parameters was developed. Obtained results were summarized and recommendations for practical implementation of elaborated technological solutions were suggested.
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Cabot, G., M. Calbry, P. Xavier, A. Vandel, S. de Persis, B. Belaissaoui, E. Favre, and L. Pillier. "Effect of CO2 Capture on Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Efficiency Using Membrane Separation, EGR and OEA Effects on Combustion Characteristics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25781.
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In an energetic world of fossil fuel, there is a need to reduce the CO2 emission released to the atmosphere. CO2 Capture and Sequestration (CCS) is one of the solutions. To optimize the CO2 capture cost, thermodynamic cycles of power plants have to be modified, and resulting new designs inevitably lead to new combustion modes [1][2][3]. CO2 capture of post combustion gases can be performed using membrane processes, but its efficiency is interesting only if the CO2 concentration in the combustion process exhaust gases is higher than 30% [4]. Unfortunately, in classical combustion processes (e.g. gas turbine), diluted Exhaust Gases (EG) contain no more than 5 % of CO2 because combustion products are strongly diluted in air. Our objective consists in increasing the EG CO2 concentration, by using both Oxygen-Enriched Air (OEA) combustion and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Our approach is based on numerical simulations and on experimental work. First, operating parameters which minimize the CO2 capture cost are calculated and compared with the reference capture cost [5] (achieved by amine absorption of CO2). In parallel, experiments and additional calculations are performed in order to check the quality and the operability of such combustion mode. This paper is organized as follows: the first part presents the optimization of a new thermodynamic GTCC cycle, using OEA and EGR to increase EG CO2 concentration and capturing it in post-combustion with membrane separator. The effects of pressure and membrane selectivity will be studied in terms of CO2 capture cost, avoided CO2, implemented membrane surface, EGR rate and OEA quality. The second part is dedicated to the experimental and calculation [6] studies of combustion met in this type of configuration. A premixed swirl flame is fed first with Air, CH4 and CO2, then with OEA, CH4 and EGR. To neglect the thermal aspect of NOx production, measurements are performed at constant adiabatic flame temperature. The flame structure, combustion instability and pollutant emissions are presented as a function of the EGR rate dilution.
Reports on the topic "EGR only"
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Ling Hsiao, Ray, Yu Wei Lin, and Chiang Yun Chen. Supplementary Information of Innovative Observation of a 266-nm Laser Inhibiting Egg Laying in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science Repository, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.acr.2022.02.04.sup.
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Infrared laser as a heat source could induce gene expression by activating heat promoter genes in Caenorhabditis elegans, as previously reported. In this study, we innovatively used a 266-nm laser to irradiate C. elegans for only one second and observed a significant inhibition of the overall number of eggs laid (P < 0.0001) and the first day egg laying (P=0.005). This is the first study to establish how light with a wavelength of 266-nm can influence a life activity such as laying eggs in C. elegans.
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Zhang, Yingrong, Sanchun Tan, Jieyu Wang, Yanji Zhang, Mengyuan Huang, Hongjie Xia, Yaxin Hu, Yinyue Rao, and Zhongyu Zhou. A scoping review protocol of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to acupuncture for the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0084.
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Review question / Objective: To conduct a systematic comprehensive review for Acupuncture treatment of peripheral facial paralysis and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for peripheral facial paralysis. Condition being studied: Peripheral facial paralysis, known as peripheral facial never palsy, includes Bell’s palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome.Any medical conditions such as infection, malignancy and autoimmune issues can result it. Idiopathic Bell's palsy is the most common disease causing peripheral facial nerve palsy, which clinical features include unilateral weakness of the facial nerve, hyperacusis, dysgeusia, dry eye or uncontrollable tears, but the etiology of it is unclear. Ramsay Hunt syndrome, less common than Bell’s palsy, is often caused by herpes zoster virus, which clinical features are unilateral weakness of face with ear herpes, tinnitus and dizziness. Facial paralysis patients with ear herpes can be diagnosed with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Peripheral facial paralysis not only result the dyskinesia of facial muscles but also affect the quality of patient’s life.There are lot of evidence shows that Acupuncture can be used in any period and any kind of peripheral facial paralysis.However, we still lack systematic reviews to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy. As a result, we conduct a scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to address this gap.
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Nevøy, Anne, Lars Helle, Christina Finne, Stein Erik Solbø Ohna, Nina Helgevold, Kåre Andreas Folkvord, Jorunn Thortveit, and Hans Erik Bugge. Innovasjoner i Jærskulen: lærerprofesjon i reformtid. University of Stavanger, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.211.
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I boken Professional Capital – Transforming Teaching in Every School sier Hargraves og Fullan: “Sustainable improvement can […] never be done to or even for teachers. It can only ever be achieved by and with them (2012:45). Dette sitatet fra Hargraves og Fullan angir forskningsinnretningen i dette utviklingsprosjektet. Formålet er å studere hvordan lærere involveres, engasjeres og lærer i innovasjoner i Jærskulen. Forskningsinteressen er sentrert om utviklingsaktiviteter som er satt i verk og hvordan disse relateres til lærernes profesjonsutvikling. Basert på innspill fra utviklingsleder i Jærskulen, Mats Bryne, er prosjektet konsentrert om fire innovasjoner i jærskolesamarbeidet: - Lokal skoleutvikling med utgangspunkt i skolenes valgte utviklingsområder - Gjennomføring i videregående opplæring - Profesjonsutvikling i samspill, medskaping i samarbeid med Utdanningsforbundet - Læringsteknologi i undervisningen Felles for de fire delprosjektene er at de rapporterer om engasjerte lærere som deltar i ulike innovasjonsprosesser, lokalt på de enkelte skolene og i nettverkssamarbeid mellom skoler. I så måte synes målsettingen om at «Jærskulen har eit godt læringsmiljø med god kultur for læring» – også å gjelde for lærerne. Samtidig peker delprosjektene på utfordringer og konstruktive veier for videreutvikling av innovasjonene. Studien av lokal skoleutvikling presenteres i kapittel 1. Denne er utført av Anne Nevøy og Lars Helle og har fått tittelen «Skolenes utviklingsplaner og lærerprofesjonen». Christina Finne og Stein Erik Ohna står bak studien av «Gjennomføring i videregående skole», og denne presenteres i kapittel 2. Utforskingen av «Profesjonsutvikling i samspill» - har fått undertittelen «Utdanningsforbundet og Jærskulen ‘At det er en prosess i det hele’. Nina Helgevold og Kåre Andreas Folkvord har gjennomført studien og denne presenteres i kapittel 3. Kapittel 4 handler om læringsteknologi i undervisningen. Denne studien er utført av Jorunn Thortveit og Hans Erik Bugge, og har fått tittelen «Ipad i Jærskulen».
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Williams, Michael, Marcial Lamera, Aleksander Bauranov, Carole Voulgaris, and Anurag Pande. Safety Considerations for All Road Users on Edge Lane Roads. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1925.
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Edge lane roads (ELRs), also known as advisory bike lanes or advisory shoulders, are a type of shared street where two-way motor vehicle (MV) traffic shares a single center lane, and edge lanes on either side are preferentially reserved for vulnerable road users (VRUs). This work comprises a literature review, an investigation of ELRs’ operational characteristics and potential road user interactions via simulation, and a study of crash data from existing American and Australian ELRs. The simulation evaluated the impact of various factors (e.g., speed, volume, directional split, etc.) on ELR operation. Results lay the foundation for a siting criterion. Current American siting guidance relies only upon daily traffic volume and speed—an approach that inaccurately models an ELR’s safety. To evaluate the safety of existing ELRs, crash data were collected from ELR installations in the US and Australia. For US installations, Empirical Bayes (EB) analysis resulted in an aggregate CMF of .56 for 11 installations observed over 8 years while serving more than 60 million vehicle trips. The data from the Australian State of Queensland involved rural one-lane, low-volume, higher-speed roads, functionally equivalent to ELRs. As motor vehicle volume grows, these roads are widened to two-lane facilities. While the authors observed low mean crash rates on the one-lane roads, analysis of recently converted (from one-lane to two-lane) facilities showed that several experienced fewer crashes than expected after conversion to two-lane roads.
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Schnabel, Filipina, and Danielle Aldridge. Effectiveness of EHR-Depression Screening Among Adult Diabetics in an Urban Primary Care Clinic. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0003.
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Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression are important comorbid conditions that can lead to more serious health outcomes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) supports routine screening for depression as part of standard diabetes management. The PHQ2 and PHQ9 questionnaires are good diagnostic screening tools used for major depressive disorders in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This quality improvement study aims to compare the rate of depression screening, treatment, and referral to behavioral health in adult patients with DM2 pre and post-integration of depression screening tools into the electronic health record (EHR). Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review on patients aged 18 years and above with a diagnosis of DM2 and no initial diagnosis of depression or other mental illnesses. Chart reviews included those from 2018 or prior for before integration data and 2020 to present for after integration. Sixty subjects were randomly selected from a pool of 33,695 patients in the clinic with DM2 from the year 2013-2021. Thirty of the patients were prior to the integration of depression screening tools PHQ2 and PHQ9 into the EHR, while the other half were post-integration. The study population ranged from 18-83 years old. Results All subjects (100%) were screened using PHQ2 before integration and after integration. Twenty percent of patients screened had a positive PHQ2 among subjects before integration, while 10% had a positive PHQ2 after integration. Twenty percent of patients were screened with a PHQ9 pre-integration which accounted for 100% of those subjects with a positive PHQ2. However, of the 10% of patients with a positive PHQ2 post-integration, only 6.7 % of subjects were screened, which means not all patients with a positive PHQ2 were adequately screened post-integration. Interestingly, 10% of patients were treated with antidepressants before integration, while none were treated with medications in the post-integration group. There were no referrals made to the behavior team in either group. Conclusion There is no difference between the prevalence of depression screening before or after integration of depression screening tools in the EHR. The study noted that there is a decrease in the treatment using antidepressants after integration. However, other undetermined conditions could have influenced this. Furthermore, not all patients with positive PHQ2 in the after-integration group were screened with PHQ9. The authors are unsure if the integration of the depression screens influenced this change. In both groups, there is no difference between referrals to the behavior team. Implications to Nursing Practice This quality improvement study shows that providers are good at screening their DM2 patients for depression whether the screening tools were incorporated in the EHR or not. However, future studies regarding providers, support staff, and patient convenience relating to accessibility and availability of the tool should be made. Additional issues to consider are documentation reliability, hours of work to scan documents in the chart, risk of documentation getting lost, and the use of paper that requires shredding to comply with privacy.
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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.
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Malkinson, Mertyn, Richard Witter, and Irit Davidson. Reduction of Reticuloendotheliosis in Foundation Breeding Flocks of Chickens: A Combined Immunological and Molecular Biological Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613026.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an avian retrovirus that can cause immunosuppression, growth retardation and tumors. An attempt to define the extent of the economic damage to the poultry industry that it causes is discussed in this report. In addition to losses experienced by commercial laying flocks, reduced rates of hatchability and embryo developmental disorders were demonstrable due to vertical transmission of the virus. I. Eradication of REV In this project a comprehensive national program was applied for the eradication of REV from Israeli breeding stocks by the elimination of antibody-positive birds from the breeding program. The prevention of REV-infected breeders entering Israel was also implemented by serological examination of imported day-old chickens and turkeys for maternal antibody. At the same time commercial breeding flocks in Israel were surveyed routinely to measure the extent of environmental exposure to REV throughout Israel. II. Economic factors associated with vertical transmission on breeders and progeny It was observed that on some poultry farms exposure of breeding flocks to viral infection, if it occurs when the birds are immunocompetent, leads only to a seroconvertion event. In these flocks no differences were demonstrated between the performances of seronegative and seropositive birds. When the F1 generation was selected according to seronegativity of the parents, all the progeny were seronegative, indicating that tolerantly infected birds did not form a significant proportion of the parent flock. In sharp contrast, breeding flocks that became exposed to the virus about the point of lay or during the laying period, shed virus vertically for a brief period of time through the egg. Our epizootiological observations lead us to conclude that the progeny (laying pullets) becomes tolerantly infected and are immunosuppressed as they increase in age. Increased mortality and susceptibility to intercurrent diseases were recorded.
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Gelb, Jr., Jack, Yoram Weisman, Brian Ladman, and Rosie Meir. Identification of Avian Infectious Brochitis Virus Variant Serotypes and Subtypes by PCR Product Cycle Sequencing for the Rational Selection of Effective Vaccines. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586470.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives 1. Determine the serotypic identities of 40 recent IBV isolates from commercial chickens raised in the USA and Israel. 2. Sequence all IBV field isolates using PCR product cycle sequencing and analyze their S 1 sequence to detennine their homology to other strains in the Genbank and EMBL databases. 3. Select vaccinal strains with the highest S 1 sequence homology to the field isolates and perform challenge of immunity studies in chickens in laboratory trials to detennine level of protection afforded by the vaccines. Background Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a common, economically important disease of the chicken. IB occurs as a respiratory form, associated with airsacculitis, condemnation, and mortality of meat-type broilers, a reproductive form responsible for egg production losses in layers and breeders, and a renal form causing high mortality in broilers and pullets. The causative agent is avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Replication of the virus' RNA genome is error-prone and mutations commonly result. A major target for mutation is the gene encoding the spike (S) envelope protein used by the virus to attach and infect the host cell. Mutations in the S gene result in antigenic changes that can lead to the emergence of variant serotypes. The S gene is able to tolerate numerous mutations without compromising the virus' ability to replicate and cause disease. An end result of the virus' "flexibility" is that many strains of IBV are capable of existing in nature. Once formed, new mutant strains, often referred to as variants, are soon subjected to immunological selection so that only the most antigenically novel variants survive in poultry populations. Many novel antigenic variant serotypes and genotypes have been isolated from commercial poultry flocks. Identification of the field isolates of IBV responsible for outbreaks is critical for selecting the appropriate strain(s) for vaccination. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the Sl subunit of the envelope spike glycoprotein gene has been a common method used to identify field strains, replacing other time-consuming or less precise tests. Two PCR approaches have been used for identification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct automated cycle sequence analysis of a diagnostically relevant hypervariab1e region were compared in our BARD research. Vaccination for IB, although practiced routinely in commercial flocks, is often not protective. Field isolates responsible for outbreaks may be unrelated to the strain(s) used in the vaccination program. However, vaccines may provide varying degrees of cross- protection vs. unrelated field strains so vaccination studies should be performed. Conclusions RFLP and S1 sequence analysis methods were successfully performed using the field isolates from the USA and Israel. Importantly, the S1 sequence analysis method enabled a direct comparison of the genotypes of the field strains by aligning them to sequences in public databases e.g. GenBank. Novel S1 gene sequences were identified in both USA and Israel IBVs but greater diversity was observed in the field isolates from the USA. One novel genotype, characterized in this project, Israel/720/99, is currently being considered for development as an inactivated vaccine. Vaccination with IBV strains in the US (Massachusetts, Arkansas, Delaware 072) or in Israel (Massachusetts, Holland strain) provided higher degrees of cross-protection vs. homologous than heterologous strain challenge. In many cases however, vaccination with two strains (only studies with US strains) produced reasonable cross-protection against heterologous field isolate challenge. Implications S1 sequence analysis provides numerical similarity values and phylogenetic information that can be useful, although by no means conclusive, in developing vaccine control strategies. Identification of many novel S1 genotypes of IBV in the USA is evidence that commercial flocks will be challenged today and in the future with strains unrelated to vaccines. In Israel, monitoring flocks for novel IBV field isolates should continue given the identification of Israel/720/99, and perhaps others in the future. Strains selected for vaccination of commercial flocks should induce cross- protection against unrelated genotypes. Using diverse genotypes for vaccination may result in immunity against unrelated field strains.
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Weller, Joel I., Harris A. Lewin, and Micha Ron. Determination of Allele Frequencies for Quantitative Trait Loci in Commercial Animal Populations. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586473.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Individual loci affecting economic traits in dairy cattle (ETL) have been detected via linkage to genetic markers by application of the granddaughter design in the US population and the daughter design in the Israeli population. From these analyses it is not possible to determine allelic frequencies in the population at large, or whether the same alleles are segregating in different families. We proposed to answer this question by application of the "modified granddaughter design", in which granddaughters with a common maternal grandsire are both genotyped and analyzed for the economic traits. The objectives of the proposal were: 1) to fine map three segregating ETL previously detected by a daughter design analysis of the Israeli dairy cattle population; 2) to determine the effects of ETL alleles in different families relative to the population mean; 3) for each ETL, to determine the number of alleles and allele frequencies. The ETL on Bostaurusautosome (BT A) 6 chiefly affecting protein concentration was localized to a 4 cM chromosomal segment centered on the microsatellite BM143 by the daughter design. The modified granddaughter design was applied to a single family. The frequency of the allele increasing protein percent was estimated at 0.63+0.06. The hypothesis of equal allelic frequencies was rejected at p<0.05. Segregation of this ETL in the Israeli population was confirmed. The genes IBSP, SPP1, and LAP3 located adjacent to BM143 in the whole genome cattle- human comparative map were used as anchors for the human genome sequence and bovine BAC clones. Fifteen genes within 2 cM upstream of BM143 were located in the orthologous syntenic groups on HSA4q22 and HSA4p15. Only a single gene, SLIT2, was located within 2 cM downstream of BM143 in the orthologous HSA4p15 region. The order of these genes, as derived from physical mapping of BAC end sequences, was identical to the order within the orthologous syntenic groups on HSA4: FAM13A1, HERC3. CEB1, FLJ20637, PP2C-like, ABCG2, PKD2. SPP, MEP, IBSP, LAP3, EG1. KIAA1276, HCAPG, MLR1, BM143, and SLIT2. Four hundred and twenty AI bulls with genetic evaluations were genotyped for 12 SNPs identified in 10 of these genes, and for BM143. Seven SNPs displayed highly significant linkage disequilibrium effects on protein percentage (P<0.000l) with the greatest effect for SPP1. None of SNP genotypes for two sires heterozygous for the ETL, and six sires homozygous for the ETL completely corresponded to the causative mutation. The expression of SPP 1 and ABCG2 in the mammary gland corresponded to the lactation curve, as determined by microarray and QPCR assays, but not in the liver. Anti-sense SPP1 transgenic mice displayed abnormal mammary gland differentiation and milk secretion. Thus SPP 1 is a prime candidate gene for this ETL. We confirmed that DGAT1 is the ETL segregating on BTA 14 that chiefly effects fat concentration, and that the polymorphism is due to a missense mutation in an exon. Four hundred Israeli Holstein bulls were genotyped for this polymorphism, and the change in allelic frequency over the last 20 years was monitored.
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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring trends in restored tallgrass prairie at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield: 2008–2020. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293117.
Full textAbstract:
Plant community monitoring at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield (NB) focused on the restored tallgrass prairie community. Six monitoring sites were visited four times and observations of plant species and ground cover were made. In addition to those observations, we included two environmental factors in this report—precipitation and recent fire history—to help understand the vegetation data status and trends. Precipitation data (standardized vegetation index) indicated drought conditions in 2012 and some dry periods in 2016. Although prairies are adapted to drought, we found that species richness at the site and community scales (alpha and gamma diversity) were reduced in dry years. Fire management also plays an important role in shaping the plant communities. Prescribed fire occurrence became less frequent through the monitoring period. Also, additional treatments, including herbicide and mowing, likely shaped the prairie community. Tree regeneration and nonnative plants in particular may have been affected by these techniques. The prairie plant community continues to be moderately diverse despite recent increases in tree seedlings and small saplings. Species richness varied over time and was correlated with precipitation; diversity indices (H′ and J′) were similar across monitored years. Species guilds (also known as functional groups) demonstrated differing patterns. Woody plants, long a concern at the park, were abundant and statistically similar across years. Many guilds were quite variable across the sites, but nonnative forbs declined, and nonnative grasses increased. Overstory trees and canopy cover, measured for the first time in 2020, have likely influenced the composition of one site. The composition of this site points to a shrubland-savanna community. Four of the sites tended towards shrubland rather than tallgrass prairie. The vegetation monitoring protocol experienced some changes between 2008 and 2020. A key difference was a shift from sampling twice during the field season to sampling only once in a monitoring year. An anticipated decline in species richness was observed in 2012 and 2016, but we were unable to isolate sample design as the cause. Additionally, we remedied inconsistencies in how tree regeneration was recorded by tallying seedlings and saplings in the field. Our quality assurance procedures indicated that our observer error from pseudoturnover was 20.2%, meeting our expectations. Cover class estimates agreed 73% of the time, with all disagreements within one cover class. Coordinating management actions to achieve plant community goals like structure and composition of tallgrass prairie will be critical to the survival of the prairie species at the park. Fire and nonnative plant treatments along with the reduction of woody cover including trees are needed to arrest the transition to savanna and woodland community types. Frequent prescribed fire is an integral process for this community and there is no equivalent substitute. Continued focus on management for the desired tallgrass prairie community will also provide needed habitat for imperiled pollinators such as the monarch butterfly. Best management practices for pollinators on federal lands specify that treatments (prescribed fire, mowing or haying) should not occur during the blooming season or when pollinator breeding, egg, larval or pupal stages are present.