Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Egernia'
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1
Bellamy, Stephen. "Resource partitioning between two sympatric Australian skinks, Egernia multiscutata and Egernia whitii." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au/local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070124.145924/index.html.
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Arena, Phillip Charles. "Aspects of the biology of the King's skink Egernia Kingii (Gray)." Thesis, Arena, Phillip Charles (1986) Aspects of the biology of the King's skink Egernia Kingii (Gray). Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1986. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/46320/.
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Selected aspects of the biology of a large scincid lizard, King's skink Egernia kingii, were studied on Penguin Island (32 18'S, 115 42'E) near Perth, Western Australia, from May 1985 to April 1986. The high density of this species (800ha in areas of preferred habitat) was attributed to abundant food and low adult predation rates on the island...
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Bellamy, Robyn Lyle, and robyn bellamy@flinders edu au. "LIFE HISTORY AND CHEMOSENSORY COMMUNICATION IN THE SOCIAL AUSTRALIAN LIZARD, EGERNIA WHITII." Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070514.163902.
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ABSTRACT
Social relationships, habitat utilisation and life history characteristics provide a framework which enables the survival of populations in fluctuating ecological conditions. An understanding of behavioural ecology is critical to the implementation of Natural Resource Management strategies if they are to succeed in their conservation efforts during the emergence of climate change. Egernia whitii from Wedge Island in the Spencer Gulf of South Australia were used as a model system to investigate the interaction of life history traits, scat piling behaviour and chemosensory communication in social lizards.
Juveniles typically took ¡Ý 3 years to reach sexual maturity and the results of skeletochronological studies suggested longevity of ¡Ý 13 years. Combined with a mean litter size of 2.2, a pregnancy rate estimated at 75% of eligible females during short-term studies, and highly stable groups, this information suggests several life history features.
Prolonged juvenile development and adult longevity may be prerequisite to the development of parental care. Parental care may, in turn, be the determining factor that facilitates the formation of small family groups. In E. whitii parental care takes the form of foetal and neonatal provisioning and tolerance of juveniles by small family or social groups within established resource areas. Presumably, resident juveniles also benefit from adult territorialism. Research on birds suggests that low adult mortality predisposes cooperative breeding or social grouping in birds, and life history traits and ecological factors appear to act together to facilitate cooperative systems.
E. whitii practice scat piling both individually and in small groups. Social benefits arising from signalling could confer both cooperative and competitive benefits. Permanent territorial markers have the potential to benefit conspecifics, congenerics and other species. The high incidence of a skink species (E. whitii) refuging with a gecko species (N. milii) on Wedge Island provides an example of interspecific cooperation. The diurnal refuge of the nocturnal gecko is a useful transient shelter for the diurnal skink. Scat piling may release a species ¡®signature¡¯ for each group that allows mutual recognition.
Scat piling also facilitates intraspecific scent marking by individual members, which has the potential to indicate relatedness, or social or sexual status within the group. The discovery of cloacal scent marking activity is new to the Egernia genus. E. Whitii differentiate between
their own scats, and conspecific and congeneric scats. They scent mark at the site of conspecific scats, and males and females differ in their response to scent cues over time. Scat piling has the potential to make information concerning the social environment available to dispersing transient and potential immigrant conspecifics, enabling settlement choices to be made.
This thesis explores some of the behavioural strategies employed by E. whitii to reduce risks to individuals within groups and between groups. Scents eliciting a range of behavioural responses relevant to the formation of adaptive social groupings, reproductive activity, and juvenile protection until maturity and dispersal are likely to be present in this species. Tests confirming chemosensory cues that differentiate sex, kin and age would be an interesting addition to current knowledge. The interaction of delayed maturity, parental care, sociality, chemosensory communication and scat piling highlights the sophistication of this species¡¯ behaviour.
An alternative method for permanently marking lizards was developed. Persistence, reliability and individual discrimination were demonstrated using photographic identification and the method was shown to be reliable for broad-scale application by researchers. Naturally occurring toe loss in the field provided a context against which to examine this alternative identification method and revealed the need to further investigate the consequences of routine toe clipping, as this practice appears to diminish survivorship.
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Bradley, Holly Sydelle. "Improving translocation management for restricted range reptiles Case Study: The Western Spiny-tailed Skink (Egernia stokesii badia)." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88813.
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This thesis presents the Western Spiny-tailed Skink (Egernia stokesii badia) as a case study of how identifying and addressing knowledge gaps on the ecological requirements of a threatened reptile in Australia is key to informed, effective management. Understanding the specific biotic and behavioural requirements of the skink is critical to design translocation projects in active mining areas in the future, to prevent further population declines of this culturally significant, endemic species.
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Bellamy, Stephen, and steve bellamy@flinders edu au. "RESOURCE PARTITIONING BETWEEN TWO SYMPATRIC AUSTRALIAN SKINKS, EGERNIA MULTISCUTATA AND EGERNIA WHITII STEPHEN BELLAMY Thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy AUGUST 2006 SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES FLINDERS UNIVERSITY, ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA ________________________________________." Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070124.145924.
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When species compete for resources, in a stable homogeneous environment, there are two possible outcomes. The first is that one species will out-compete the other and exclude it from the environment. This is known as the competitive exclusion principle. The second is that both species will manage to coexist. Coexistence can only occur if the species niches are differentiated such that interspecific competition is minimised, or eliminated. This outcome is known as resource partitioning.
Two closely related Australian skink species of the Egernia genus, Egernia multiscutata and Egernia whitii, are abundant and sympatric on Wedge Island in South Australias Spencer Gulf. The species are morphologically very similar and appear to have very similar life histories and habitat requirements. Ostensibly, they would compete for limiting resources in this environment.
This thesis is the first investigation into resource partitioning in this previously unstudied model organism. I report the results of multi-faceted investigations into the coexistence of the skinks, E. multiscutata and E. whitii on Wedge Island and the evidence for, and mechanisms of, any facultative resource partitioning between them.
Study methods involved a transect survey of most of Wedge Island to determine the species distributions and any evidence for resource partitioning; a morphological comparison to investigate any potential competitive advantages of either species; a habitat choice experiment to establish retreat-site preferences in the absence of interspecific interference; and, a series of staged dyadic encounter experiments to investigate interspecific competitive interactions.
Resource partitioning was evidenced by differential distributions of the species among substrates containing the elements required for permanent refuge shelters. This partitioning was not mediated by avoidance of particular substrates but by the presence of the opponent species, combined with attraction to suitable substrates. Asymmetries in some morphological characters were found to confer a potential competitive advantage to E. multiscutata in agonistic encounters with E. whitii. Both species were found to have the same refuge site preferences when interference competition was experimentally removed. This result was not concordant with observed resource partitioning in the field and suggests that the habitat choices of both species are modified by the presence of the opponent species. Analyses of staged dyadic encounter experiments showed that E. multiscutata was more likely to gain greater access to a contested habitat resource and more likely to exclude E. whitii from the resource than vice-versa. Nevertheless, the outcome of competitive interactions was not completely deterministic and there was some tolerance of co-habitation. E. multiscutatas competitive advantage was attributable largely to its greater mass and head dimensions relative to snout to vent length. However, differential behavioural responses to the threat of larger opponent size also played an important part in resource partitioning between the species.
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Barr, James Ian. "Adaptive ecology of the King’s skink, Egernia kingii, in response to varying levels of predation risk, with a focus on caudal autotomy." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/81909.
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Anti-predation strategies allow individuals to avoid death but can be costly to the individual. As predation pressure changes ontogenetically, temporally and evolutionarily, so do costly anti-predation strategies to minimise maximise survival but minimise associated costs. I investigate how caudal autotomy changes morphologically and behaviourally within a large scincid the King’s skink (Egernia kingii) both ontogenetically and across predation gradients.
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Mercier, Angela. "Home range and microhabitat selection by Tiliqua rugosa and Egernia napoleonis in the native jarrah forest and rehabilitated mined areas in jarrah forest of Western Australia." Thesis, Mercier, Angela (2006) Home range and microhabitat selection by Tiliqua rugosa and Egernia napoleonis in the native jarrah forest and rehabilitated mined areas in jarrah forest of Western Australia. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/32754/.
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The present study examined the home range and microhabitat selection by Tiliqua rugosa and Egernia napoleonis in the jarrah forest of southwest Western Australia. The aim of the study was to compare the microhabitats used by T. rugosa with the microhabitats used by E. napoleonis and discuss why T. rugosa was located in rehabilitated bauxite mined areas, whereas E. napoleonis was not. The overall objective of the present study was to identify methods which may be incorporated into the management of rehabilitated bauxite mined areas operated by Alcoa World Alumina Australia, to accelerate the return of T. rugosa and E. napoleonis.
A total of five Tiliqua rugosa and eight Egernia napoleonis were radio tracked from October 2005 until January 2006. The 100% home range average of T. rugosa was significantly larger than that of E. napoleonis. There was no significant difference in 50% Core home range average between the two species. The home range of T. rugosa was made up of native jarrah forest and rehabilitated mined areas. E. napoleonis were only found in native jarrah forest.
The microhabitats significantly selected by Tiliqua rugosa in the native jarrah forest and rehabilitated mined areas were shrubs and leaf litter. In the native jarrah forest spikey and dome-shaped shrubs were significantly selected, but when in the rehabilitated mined areas spikey shrubs were significantly selected, which was probably due to the scarcity of dome-shaped shrubs in the rehabilitated areas. The selected microhabitats of Egernia napoleonis were logs and trees.
The Eucalyptus marginata logs selected by Egernia napoleonis had a mean diameter of 42 ± 2lcm, whilst the Corymbia calophylla logs had a mean diameter of 48 ± 6cm. E. napoleonis did not differentiate between tree species of log. Common characteristics of logs selected by E. napoleonis were the presence of cracks, hollows, and some degree of fire damage. In the present study no logs were located in rehabilitated mined areas.
The trees selected by Egernia napoleonis were significantly larger than a random selection of those found in native jarrah forest or those found in rehabilitated mined areas. Eucalyptus marginata selected by E. napoleonis had an average diameter at breast height of 73 ± 16cm whilst Corymbia calophylla had an average diameter at breast height of 58± 15cm. Species of tree were not differentiated by E. napoleonis.
Both microhabitat structures (logs and large trees) selected by Egernia napoleonis were unable to be located in rehabilitated mined areas. The spikey shrubs and leaf litter microhabitats selected by Tiliqua rugosa were present in native jarrah forest and rehabilitated mined areas. The present study has shown that a lack of suitable microhabitats was reducing the occurrence of E. napoleonis in rehabilitated mined areas. Methods to help rectify this problem are discussed.
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Smith, Rosali. "The potential of hydrellia egeriae rodrigues (diptera: ephydridae) as a biocontrol agent for egeria densa planch. (hydrocharitaceae) in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/53733.
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The integrity of South Africa’s valuable freshwater ecosystems has been threatened by aquatic invasive plants since the 1900s. Floating aquatic weeds, such as Eichhornia crassipes (C. Mart) Solms (Pondederiaceae), Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae), Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell (Salviniaceae), Azolla filiculoides Lam. (Azollaceae), and the emergent weed, Myriophyllum aquaticum Verdc. (Haloragaceae) benefited from open, nutrient-rich water bodies. Due to the limitations of mechanical and chemical control in aquatic environments, classical biological control has been a huge asset in managing these weeds; consequently bringing them under complete or substantial control. However, submerged aquatic weeds are widely distributed through the aquarium trade in South Africa; facilitating their invasion into new habitats. The removal of surface mats following the successful management of floating weeds has enhanced the growth and competitive ability of submerged aquatic weeds, such as Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae), Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae) and Egeria densa Planch. (Hydrocharitaceae) in South Africa. Of these species, E. densa has become the most widely distributed, invading numerous systems across South Africa. Compared to other exotic submerged aquatic plants, E. densa is the only species capable of inhabiting freshwater systems in every province and therefore, it is vital to manage existing populations and prevent its further distribution and invasion. Hydrellia spp. (Diptera: Ephydridae) biological control agents have been used extensively in the management of submerged aquatic weeds elsewhere, particularly those in the Hydrocharitaceae (Balciunas and Burrows 1996; Wheeler and Center 2001. Hydrellia egeriae Rodrigues (Diptera: Ephydridae) has been identified as a promising candidate for E. densa and was imported into quarantine at Rhodes University, Grahamstown in 2014. The aims of this study were to conduct a pre-release assessment of the potential of H. egeriae as a biological control agent for E. densa in South Africa. The first objective of this study was to establish the life history of the agent under controlled conditions on E. densa found in South Africa, as well as its population growth parameters to predict its invasion success in the field. Secondly, laboratory host-specificity testing was conducted to validate the host range of the agent, in view of published native range host-specificity testing, and to establish potential risks to non-target species, should it be released. Finally, a biological control agent should also effectively reduce the fitness of its host plant, and therefore, impact studies were conducted. Laboratory impact studies have been limited in the past, in that they only investigate agent damage for short ecological periods, thus underestimating the damage capacity of the agent under investigation. Therefore, the damage capacity of H. egeriae was investigated over three consecutive generations in multi-generational impact trials. In a controlled environment of 22 ± 2°C, H. egeriae exhibited the ability to rapidly increase in population size within a short period of time, which will enhance agent establishment and build-up in the field. Host-specificity trials indicated that H. egeriae has a host range restricted to the Hydrocharitaceae, with exploratory feeding and development on Lagarosiphon major Ridley, L. muscoides Harvey and Vallisneria spiralis L. However, only L. major supported agent development during paired larval choice tests, and continuation trials showed that the test species was not physiologically capable of supporting viable agent populations. Risk analysis illustrated that the feeding and reproductive risks that H. egeriae pose to non-target species are very low and therefore, H. egeriae should be safe for release in South Africa. Additionally, significant damage to vital plant structures (shoot growth and side shoot length) was only recorded under high (five larvae) agent abundances. Encouragingly, the number of leaves mined at the end of the experiment was similar for both intermediate (three) and high (five) larval abundances, suggesting that cumulative leaf-mining under intermediate larval abundances has the potential to reduce the fitness of E. densa, given sufficient time. Results from pre-release assessments provide a robust understanding of the specialization of the potential biological control agent to its host plant. Nevertheless, the absolute success of a biological control programme depends on the many factors after prerelease assessments that determine agent establishment, persistence and target weed suppression, e.g. mass-rearing, release protocols and a/biotic factors within the recipient community. Considering these factors, the best mass-rearing and release protocols are proposed here and future research priorities are identified. Finally, the long term success for managing E. densa in South Africa will require a holistic approach to address the underlying factors, such as eutrophication and human-mediated distribution that drive submerged aquatic plant invasions.
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Corrêa, Marcelo Rocha [UNESP]. "Composição química, bromatológica e decomposição de plantas de Egeria densa, Egeria najas e Ceratophyllum demersum coletadas no reservatório de Jupiá." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86465.
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correa_mr_me_botfca.pdf: 886137 bytes, checksum: 7cf20ed4a5044460c767ebdefdff18c1 (MD5)O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição química, bromatológica e a decomposição de Egeria densa, E. najas e Ceratophyllum demersum, três espécies de plantas aquáticas imersas provenientes do reservatório de Jupiá da Usina Hidrelétrica Souza Dias, para determinar a melhor estratégia para descarte e/ou aproveitamento da biomassa coletada em operações mecânicas de controle. O estudo foi realizado em duas épocas do ano, verão e inverno. Amostras de plantas foram coletadas em nove pontos do trecho Tietê do reservatório, envolvendo quatro lagoas marginais e o leito do rio em questão. Estas foram desidratadas, pesadas para determinação de matéria seca, moídas e encaminhadas aos respectivos laboratórios para análise. Os maiores teores de água encontrado nas plantas foi para a espécie C. demersum, a qual obteve também a menor relação C/N, em comparação às demais espécies estudadas. Para as três espécies, a maior concentração dos elementos analisados, foi encontrada durante o período de verão, apresentando decréscimo nas concentrações no inverno. As espécies amostradas apresentam boa opção para uso em dietas animal, porém deve-se levar em conta o alto teor de água, necessitando prévia secagem para que possa ser inserida na dieta alimentar de animais. Referente ao descarte da biomassa em solo, ficou claro a necessidade de se efetuar tal procedimento em época seca do ano, haja visto a grande dificuldade de secagem e incorporação do material em solo úmido....
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the chemical and bromatological compositions and the decomposition of Egeria densa, Egeria najas and Ceratophyllum demersum residues, three submerged aquatic plants, importants in Jupia reservoir. These data will be useful to determine a better strategy for discharge and/or utilization the plant biomass harvested by the mechanical control. The study was carried out in two seasons, summer and winter. Plants samples were collected in nine points in the Tiete river, including four marginal lakes and in the river body. Samples were dried, weighted, grounded and sent to laboratories for chemical analysis. Higher water level in plants were observed in the C. demersum species, in which were observed the smaller C/N relationship too, in comparison in the other species studied. For the three species, higher concentration of elements analyzed, was observed during the summer, decreasing in the winter. The species are good option to use in animal feeding, even it should be considered the high level of water, requiring a drying before to be inserted in feeding of animals. Considering to the discharge of the plant biomass in the soil, it was clear that need to make such procedure in dry season of the year, have seen that the great difficult in evaporate and incorporation of material in humid soil. However, the probable discard it should happen in the areas with irrigation systems, facilitating the degradation process of the incorporated material in the wet soil.
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Corrêa, Marcelo Rocha 1972. "Composição química, bromatológica e decomposição de plantas de Egeria densa, Egeria najas e Ceratophyllum demersum coletadas no reservatório de Jupiá /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86465.
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Orientador: Edivaldo Domingues VeliniBanca: Dagoberto Martins
Banca: Robinson Antonio Pitelli
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição química, bromatológica e a decomposição de Egeria densa, E. najas e Ceratophyllum demersum, três espécies de plantas aquáticas imersas provenientes do reservatório de Jupiá da Usina Hidrelétrica Souza Dias, para determinar a melhor estratégia para descarte e/ou aproveitamento da biomassa coletada em operações mecânicas de controle. O estudo foi realizado em duas épocas do ano, verão e inverno. Amostras de plantas foram coletadas em nove pontos do trecho Tietê do reservatório, envolvendo quatro lagoas marginais e o leito do rio em questão. Estas foram desidratadas, pesadas para determinação de matéria seca, moídas e encaminhadas aos respectivos laboratórios para análise. Os maiores teores de água encontrado nas plantas foi para a espécie C. demersum, a qual obteve também a menor relação C/N, em comparação às demais espécies estudadas. Para as três espécies, a maior concentração dos elementos analisados, foi encontrada durante o período de verão, apresentando decréscimo nas concentrações no inverno. As espécies amostradas apresentam boa opção para uso em dietas animal, porém deve-se levar em conta o alto teor de água, necessitando prévia secagem para que possa ser inserida na dieta alimentar de animais. Referente ao descarte da biomassa em solo, ficou claro a necessidade de se efetuar tal procedimento em época seca do ano, haja visto a grande dificuldade de secagem e incorporação do material em solo úmido...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the chemical and bromatological compositions and the decomposition of Egeria densa, Egeria najas and Ceratophyllum demersum residues, three submerged aquatic plants, importants in Jupia reservoir. These data will be useful to determine a better strategy for discharge and/or utilization the plant biomass harvested by the mechanical control. The study was carried out in two seasons, summer and winter. Plants samples were collected in nine points in the Tiete river, including four marginal lakes and in the river body. Samples were dried, weighted, grounded and sent to laboratories for chemical analysis. Higher water level in plants were observed in the C. demersum species, in which were observed the smaller C/N relationship too, in comparison in the other species studied. For the three species, higher concentration of elements analyzed, was observed during the summer, decreasing in the winter. The species are good option to use in animal feeding, even it should be considered the high level of water, requiring a drying before to be inserted in feeding of animals. Considering to the discharge of the plant biomass in the soil, it was clear that need to make such procedure in dry season of the year, have seen that the great difficult in evaporate and incorporation of material in humid soil. However, the probable discard it should happen in the areas with irrigation systems, facilitating the degradation process of the incorporated material in the wet soil.
Mestre
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Hirata, Rafael Taminato. "Relação da distribuição espacial de Egeria densa com as variáveis do ambiente, na represa Guarapiranga - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-25102011-161020/.
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As macrófitas aquáticas possuem grande importância no ambiente aquático, contribuindo em diversos processos ecológicos. No entanto, o seu crescimento exagerado pode causar problemas aos sistemas aquáticos. A grande capacidade de proliferação de macrófitas aquáticas foi registrada em diversos locais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. A represa Guarapiranga é um dos principais mananciais dessa região e a grande colonização por Egeria densa Planchon (Hydrocharitaceae) pode afetar os usos múltiplos desse sistema. Dessa maneira, a presente dissertação apresenta no primeiro capítulo a relação de parâmetros físicos e químicos da água com a presença e a abundância de E. densa, sendo identificados dois compartimentos diferenciados pela qualidade da água e uma possível relação com a E. densa. No segundo capítulo, o efeito da declividade do litoral e da transparência da água nas populações de E. densa foi verificada por meio de regressões múltiplas. A declividade do litoral foi determinante na zonação e abundância de E. densa e a transparência da água não foi significativa para prever a abundância dessas plantas.Macrophytes have great importance in the aquatic environment, contributing in various ecological processes. However, their excessive growth can cause problems in aquatic systems. The great proliferation capacity of macrophytes was recorded in various locations in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. Guarapiranga dam is one of the main sources of water for this region and the colonization of Egeria densa Planchon (Hydrocharitaceae) can affect the multiple uses of this system. Thus, the first chapter of this dissertation relates the physical and chemical parameters of water in the presence and abundance of E. densa, identifying two different compartments for water quality and a possible relationship with E. densa. In the second chapter, the effect of the littoral slope and water transparency in populations of E. densa was verified by multiple regressions analysis. The littoral slope was a determining factor in zonation and abundance of E. densa and water clarity was not significant to predict the abundance of these plants.
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Mgobozi, Vuyokazi. "Heavy metal content absorption and medicinal potential of Egeria densa (Planch.) Casp." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013121.
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The contamination of heavy metals in the environment is a looming concern worldwide. Egeria densa (Planch) (Submerged aquatic plant) from two ponds: Site A with co-ordinates (32º 48’22.04”S; 26°48’58.79” E) and Site B with co-ordinates (32°48’33.25”S; 26°48’33.25”S) in Alice (Eastern Cape) was evaluated for its ability to absorb heavy metals, phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activity and ultra-structure using standard analytic procedures. Cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were measured in water, sediments and plant. The concentrations of these metal elements were determined with use of Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). In sediments, the heavy metals (mg/kg) decreased in the order of their average concentration as follows: Fe (40.320) > Zn (1.259) > Pb (0.564) > Mn (0.186) > Cu (0.037) in Pond 1 whereas in Pond 2 Fe (61.527) > Cd (0.999) > Mn (0.648) > Pb (0.586) > Zn (0.156) > Cu (0.045). The highest concentration of Fe was detected in both sites and Cu being the least. The concentrations of the metals in the plants sample (from Pond 1) were found in order of Mn > Pb > Cu > Fe whereas cadmium and zinc were not detected, while the concentration in Pond 2 decreases in order of Zn > Mn > Pb > Cd > Fe > Cu. In the water samples, concentrations of heavy metals (mg/L) decreased in the order of their average concentrations as follows: Pb (35.36) > Fe (3.07) > Mn (0.238) > Cu (0.104), both cadmium and zinc were below the limit of detection in Pond 1, whereas in Pond 2 the concentrations decreased as follows: Pb (13.033) >Fe (1.69) > Cu (0.270) > Mn (0.248) > Cd (0.004) and Zinc was not detected. Phytochemical analyses of the plant extracts revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin, flavonols, saponins, alkaloid and tannins in all the extracts (water, acetone and n-hexane). Both acetone and water extracts, showed high concentration of proanthocyanidin, while tannin was the lowest in acetone extract. Antimicrobial evaluation using, Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram negative (Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Serratia marcescens) bacteria showed negative results for all the strain, except Streptococcus pyogenes which was inhibited at MIC of 0.1 mg/ml. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of ultra-structure of Egeria densa, showed that certain bacteria attached to the leaf, However more work has to be done on E. densa to verify the mechanism by which it accumulates heavy metals. The study shows that E. densa has a potential of accumulating heavy metals especial Manganese in plant.
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Sorrell, Brian. "Gas transport and storage processes in the lacunar system of Egeria densa Planch." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2475.
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Aquatic macrophytes possess an internal lacunar system of proliferated intercellular airspaces. Lacunar gas exchange processes were investigated in Egeria densa Planch., a submerged freshwater angiosperm. Investigations of oxygen exchange between Egeria shoot segments and the water revealed that up to 17% of the photosynthetically-produced oxygen is retained within the lacunae. A consequence of this partitioning, which results from the relatively low solubility of oxygen in water, is the development of internal lacunar pressures up to 20 kPa above atmospheric pressure. This storage of oxygen in Egeria casts doubts on oxygen-based measurements of productivity in aquatic macrophytes, unless both internal and external sinks are monitored. Pressurisation also revealed that storage is greater in static water than in flowing water, suggesting that boundary layer limitations to oxygen transfer can also affect partitioning. Pressures fall to sub-atmospheric values in the dark, due to respiratory consumption of the internal oxygen. The Egeria respiratory gas exchanges in the dark demonstrated a steady concentration gradient between plant and water within an hour of darkening. However, the material steadily consumes approximately 30% of its respired oxygen from the lacunae, rather than the water. This oxygen supply is again due to the low oxygen solubility. The lacunae also assist the radial oxygen supply into the respiring tissue; it was found that the Michaelis-Menten constant for the respiratory response to oxygen tension in Egeria was some two to three times greater in material with infiltrated lacunae than in uninfiltrated material. Oxygen storage in the stem lacunae resulted in a longitudinal (shoot to root) movement of this gas, which was monitored using a bicompartment apparatus. The root oxygen release rate varied with light intensity and water flow rate in a similar manner to the internal pressure changes. Further experiments, involving measurements of the oxygen flux rates in the Egeria rhizosphere, demonstrated that this root oxygen loss is capable of effecting substantial diurnal oxygen fluctuations in the surrounding sediment. These processes may be interrupted by natural infiltration of the airspaces, but the factors involved here remain uncertain. The mean internal oxygen transport rate in Egeria (6.28 μ102 h-1) was consistent with estimates of lacunar oxygen concentration gradients calculated from Fick's Law, suggesting that diffusion is the oxygen transport mechanism in Egeria. However, by connecting shoots into manometers, internal pressure gradients of some 0.9 kPa m-1 were detected. These gradients were 103 -fold greater than the pressure gradient required to account for oxygen transport in Egeria, but were transient features, as the pressure equilibrated throughout the lacunar system 20 - 30 minutes after a dark/light change. Mass flow was therefore proposed as a transitory, but potentially significant, contribution to oxygen transport. Root to shoot carbon dioxide transport was measured using 14CO2 tracing. The CO2 uptake (mean internal transport = 4.96 μ1CO2 h-1) represented <10% of the total carbon fixed; the concentration of root-derived carbon in shoot tissue declined rapidly from the root insertion point. These results are compared with those of previous studies, and the significance of the Egeria lacunar system assessed.
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Dantas, Mônica Rafaele. "Taxa fotossintética de Egeria densa em ambientes aquáticos da Mata Atlântica e da Caatinga." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2016. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/621.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study aimed to compare the photosynthetic rates of submerged aquatic macrophyte E. densa in aquatic environments of the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. The photosynthesis measurements, respiration and physical and chemical characteristics of water were performed in two seasons (winter and summer) for the Atlantic Forest biome and (dry and wet) for the Caatinga biome. The photosynthesis experiments were carried out at the place of occurrence of E. densa using the environment itself water in the two biomes. Incubations were conducted during the illuminated period of the day (from 6 to 17 hours approximately) lasting an hour each incubation. To determine the photosynthesis and respiration rates we used the method of light and dark bottles, based on variations in dissolved oxygen concentrations determined by the Winkler method. The production of the aquatic macrophyte E. densa had significantly higher values in summer and rainy season than in the dry winter period. In the Atlantic Forest phosphorus and temperature were the variables that possessed greater influence in the primary production of Egeria densa and Caatinga biome production of E. densa increased when exposed to higher radiation values, temperature, phosphorus and lower nitrogen values. Photosynthetically active radiation and water temperature are factors that can act together or separately in increasing primary production of macrophytes and may vary according to species and geographical location. Primary production of submerged aquatic macrophyte E. densa was higher in the Caatinga during the rainy season, influenced by higher levels of photosynthetically active radiation and water temperature
Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar as taxas fotossintéticas da macrófita aquática submersa E. densa em ambientes aquáticos da Mata Atlântica e da Caatinga. As medições de fotossíntese, respiração e das características físicas e químicas da água foram realizadas em duas épocas do ano, (inverno e verão) para o bioma Mata Atlântica e (seco e chuvoso) para o bioma Caatinga. Os experimentos de fotossíntese foram realizados no local de ocorrência de E. densa. Foi utilizada água do próprio ambiente nos dois biomas, com incubações realizadas durante o período iluminado do dia (de 6 às 17 horas, aproximadamente) com duração de uma hora cada incubação. Para determinar as taxas de fotossíntese e respiração foi utilizado o método de frascos claros e escuros, com base nas variações das concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido, determinadas pelo método de Winkler. A produção da macrófita aquática E. densa apresentou valores significativamente superiores no verão e período chuvoso do que no período seco e inverno. No bioma Mata Atlântica o fósforo e a temperatura foram as variáveis que possuíram maior influência na produção primária da Egeria densa e no bioma Caatinga a produção da E. densa aumentou quando exposta a maiores valores de radiação, temperatura, fósforo e menores valores de nitrogênio. A radiação fotossínteticamente ativa e a temperatura da água são fatores que podem atuar juntos ou separadamente no aumento da produção primária das macrófitas, podendo variar de acordo com a espécie e com a localização geográfica. A produção primária da macrófita aquática submersa E. densa foi maior no bioma Caatinga no período chuvoso, influenciada por valores mais elevados de radiação fotossínteticamente ativa e de temperatura da água
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Bitar, Alexandre Luccas. "Mineralização e formação de gases da degradação de Eichhornia azurea Kunth e Egeria najas Planch." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1756.
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Previous issue date: 2003-04-11Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
The decomposition of macrophytes may constitute in an important source of carbon for the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The experiments developed in this study aimed to describe mineralization aspects such as kinetics and formation of CO2 and CH4 from the anaerobic decomposition of the aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia azurea Kunth and Egeria najas Planch. Samples of these plants and of water were collected in the Óleo lagoon (Ecological Station of Jataí, Luiz Antônio district SP; 21o33 - 21o37 S, 47o45 - 47o52 W). In the laboratory two experiments were conducted: the first aimed to describe the kinetics of carbon transformation through the quantification of the reminiscent fractions; the second aimed to describe the variations of the gas products (CO2 and CH4). Fragments of E. azurea and E. najas, along with water samples from the lagoon, were added to decomposition chambers in the proportion of 8 g L-1 (PS). The CO2 and CH4 emissions were determined through chromatography. The results of E. azurea showed that, on the first phase of mineralization, the mass losses varied between 24,91 and 23,93%, with decay coefficients of 0,55 and 1,5 day-1. For E. najas the mass losses varied between 25 and 67%, depending on temperature. The decay coefficients were of 0,14 and 0,17 day-1 (E. najas). The production of CO2 for both species was, overall, higher when temperatures were 17,7 and 20,3 oC. The production of methane was favored at 22,4 and 27,0 oC. The results allowed to infer that, at the Óleo lagoon, the conversion of the label debris fraction of Egeria najas is favored at higher temperatures and its mineralization coefficient are relatively low. The rate of mineralization of refractory carbon of Egeria najas, in this lagoon, is probably increased with temperature elevation.
A decomposição das macrófitas aquáticas pode se constituir em uma fonte importante de carbono para o funcionamento de ecossistemas aquáticos. Os experimentos desenvolvidos visaram descrever aspectos da mineralização como a cinética e a formação de CO2 e CH4, a partir da degradação anaeróbia das macrófitas aquáticas Eichhornia azurea Kunth e Egeria najas Planch. Amostras dessas plantas e de água foram coletadas na Lagoa do Óleo (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, no município de Luiz Antônio (SP) 21o33' a 21o37'S, 47o45' a 47o51'W). Foram realizados em laboratório dois experimentos: o primeiro visou descrever as cinéticas de transformação do carbono, através das quantificações das frações remanescentes, o segundo enfocou as variações dos produtos gasosos (CH4 e CO2). Para tanto montaram-se câmaras de decomposição, adicionando-se fragmentos de E. azurea e E. najas e amostras de água da lagoa na proporção de 8 g L-1 (PS). A seguir as câmaras contendo fragmentos de E. azurea foram incubadas a 18,2; 21,4; 24,8 e 26,8 oC e as câmaras contendo fragmentos de E. najas foram incubadas a17,7; 20,3; 22,4 e 27,0. Os resultados de E. azurea mostraram que, na primeira fase da mineralização, as perdas de massa variaram entre 24,91 e 23,93 % com coeficientes de decaimento entre 0,55 e 1,5 dia-1. Para E. najas na 1a fase as perdas de massa variaram entre 25,53 e 67,22 % e seus coeficientes de decaimentos variaram entre 0,09 dia-1 e 1,5 dia-1. As produções de CO2 para as duas espécies em questão predominaram, principalmente, nas temperaturas mais baixas, enquanto as produções de metano foram favorecidas com o aumento da temperatura. Os resultados permitiram inferir que na Lagoa do Óleo as conversões das frações lábeis dos detritos de Egeria najas sejam favorecidas nas temperaturas elevadas e seus coeficientes de mineralização são relativamente baixos. A velocidade de mineralização do carbono refratário de E. azurea nesta Lagoa deve ser relativamente incrementada com o aumento da temperatura.
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Janke, Helena. "Influência dos antimicrobianos oxitetraciclina e imazalil sobre a decomposição da macrófita aquática Egeria najas Planch." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7090.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
The pharmaceutical compounds residues, especially antibiotics, are among the most worrying emerging environmental contaminants. These residues potentially cause negative effects on microorganisms that play an important role in the ecosystems processes, dynamics and stability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oxytetracycline (OTC) (against bacterium) and imazalil (IMZ) (against fungus) action on the aquatic macrophyte Egeria najas Planch decomposition in laboratory bioassays. Microcosm experiments were performed in borosilicate flasks, in triplicate, containing fragments of E. najas and water collected in Beija-Flor Reservoir, Jataí Ecological Station, Luiz Antônio, São Paulo, Brazil. The experiments were performed as follows: water and macrophyte; water with OTC and macrophyte; water with IMZ and macrophyte; water with a mixture of OTC and IMZ and the macrophyte. The OTC decay in water was also analyzed in microcosm without plant detritus addition. The experiments were kept in the dark, at 21 °C, in two experimental conditions: aerobic and anaerobic. Water pH and electrical conductivity of the systems were measured at the sampling times (1, 3, 5, 15, 35 and 65 days after the onset of the experiments). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN) and OTC were analyzed in the dissolved fraction. Bacterial diversity was evaluated by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and bacterial cell number counted by epifluorescence microscopy in the aqueous portion. A first-order kinetic model was adopted to describe and compare macrophyte decomposition at different treatments. The results showed that the refractory fraction decomposition and the DOC mineralization were lower in experiments containing antimicrobial OTC than in control experiments in aerobic conditions. Changes in decomposition rates were not observed in anaerobic conditions. The OTC action was not effective due to its adsorption to particulate plant material (between 61 and 65%). According to the DGGE profiles obtained for the Bacteria Domain, the bacterial community in bioassays has been modified throughout the experiment time and according to the treatment. From these results, it was concluded that antimicrobial agents can alter the rate of decomposition of detrital plant material in water, depending on environmental conditions.
Os resíduos de compostos farmacêuticos, em especial os antimicrobianos, estão entre os mais preocupantes contaminantes ambientais da atualidade. A contaminação do ambiente por resíduos desses compostos é um fato preocupante devido aos potenciais efeitos negativos sobre microrganismos que desempenham importante papel nos processos, dinâmica e estabilidade dos ecossistemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação de compostos antimicrobianos oxitetraciclina (OTC) e imazalil (IMZ) sobre a decomposição de detritos da macrófita aquática Egeria najas Planch em bioensaios laboratoriais. Foram preparadas câmaras de decomposição contendo fragmentos secos da macrófita E. najas e água coletados na Represa do Beija-Flor, localizada na Estação Ecológica do Jataí, município de Luiz Antônio (São Paulo). As incubações foram preparadas com: água e macrófita; água acrescida de OTC e macrófita; água acrescida de IMZ e macrófita; água acrescida da mistura de OTC e IMZ e a macrófita. Para acompanhar o decaimento de OTC em água também foram preparadas incubações sem a adição da planta. As incubações foram mantidas a 21 oC, no escuro, em duas condições experimentais: aeróbia e anaeróbia. Nos tempos de amostragem (1, 3, 5, 15, 35 e 65 dias após o estabelecimento dos experimentos), foram determinados o pH e a condutividade elétrica. Na fração dissolvida foram analisadas as concentrações de carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD), nitrogênio total (NT) e OTC. Na fração aquosa foram analisados os perfis da diversidade bacteriana por Eletroforese em Gel de Gradiente Desnaturante (DGGE) e foi feita a contagem de células bacterianas por microscopia de epifluorescência. Foi adotado o modelo cinético de primeira ordem para descrever e comparar a cinética da decomposição da macrófita nos diferentes tratamentos. Os resultados mostraram que a decomposição da fração refratária e a mineralização do COD nas câmaras de decomposição contendo o antimicrobiano OTC foram mais lentas do que a do controle, para a condição aeróbia. Nas câmaras anaeróbias não foi observada alteração em relação às taxas de decomposição, nos diferentes tratamentos. A ação da OTC não foi mais efetiva devido a adsorção do composto (entre 61 e 65%) ao material vegetal particulado. De acordo com os perfis de DGGE obtidos para o Domínio Bacteria, a comunidade bacteriana nos bioensaios de decomposição foi modificada ao longo do tempo de experimento e de acordo com o tratamento. A partir dos resultados obtidos nesse trabalho, conclui-se que a presença de antimicrobianos em água pode alterar a velocidade de decomposição de material vegetal detrital, dependendo das condições ambientais.
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AMORIM, Cihelio Alves. "Efeitos alelopáticos mútuos entre a macrófita aquática Egeria densa Planch. e a cianobactéria formadora de florações Microcystis." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2017. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7272.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Aquatic macrophytes are important for the maintenance of clear alternative states of aquatic environments, because they can release allelopathic substances capable of inhibiting the growth of planktonic algae. On the other hand, in turbid environments, resulting from cyanobacterial blooms, the presence of cyanotoxins can negatively affect the macrophytes, causing oxidative stress and reducing their growth. In order to elucidate the mutual allelopathic relationships between bloom-forming cyanobacteria and submerged macrophytes, we tested two hypotheses through laboratory studies: (1) the release of allelochemicals by Egeria densa reduces the growth rates of toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis; and (2) toxic strains of Microcystis inhibit the growth and biomass of E. densa, and cause oxidative stress on these plants. Based on this, two articles were written: (1) Why do aquatic macrophytes inhibit cyanobacteria? Allelopathic effects of Egeria densa Planch. on toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis; and (2) Can submerged macrophytes inhibit toxic and non-toxic strains of cyanobacteria equally? Allelopathic effects of Egeria densa Planch. on Microcystis spp. In the first article, we verified the influence of the coexistence of E. densa and the application of extracts of this plant (with dissolved allelochemicals) on the biomass and growth rates of toxic strain of M. aeruginosa (MC+) and non-toxic strain of M. panniformis (MC-). In the second, we evaluated the physiological and growth responses of E. densa cultivated with the MC+ and MC- strains, verifying the lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide production, changes in photosynthetic pigment content and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The MC+ strain was significantly inhibited when cultivated with E. densa, while MC- exhibited a contrary response, with stimulating growth. When cultivated under the influence of E. densa extract, MC+ and MC- strains were inhibited, but more significantly in MC-. The macrophyte presented a small increment in the total phenolic compounds production when in coexistence with the cyanobacteria, mainly with the toxic strain. The growth and biomass of E. densa were inhibited when in co-culture with the MC+ strain, showing few changes when cultivated with the MC- strain. In addition, the MC+ strain inhibited the emergence of shoots and roots in plants. Both strains showed a reduction in total chlorophyll levels, chlorophyll a and b, as well as an increase in the total carotenoids content. The plants cultivated with MC+ strain presented high lipid peroxidation rates and enzymatic activity, especially for the APX. Our results support the hypothesis that there are mutual allelopathic interactions between Microcystis and E. densa. However, E. densa needs a stimulant to release the allelochemicals, such as the stress caused by microcystins. The tested plant has enzymatic defense mechanisms that allow them to coexist with microcystins during short-time exposure (about eight days), however, prolonged exposure (five weeks) to toxic strains of Microcystis causes a reduction in plant growth.
As macrófitas aquáticas são importantes para a manutenção dos estados alternativos claros dos ambientes aquáticos, pois podem liberar substâncias alelopáticas capazes de inibir o crescimento das algas planctônicas. Por outro lado, em ambientes túrbidos, resultantes das florações de cianobactérias, a presença de cianotoxinas pode afetar negativamente as macrófitas, causando estresse oxidativo e reduzindo o seu crescimento. Com o objetivo de elucidar as relações alelopáticas mútuas entre cianobactérias formadoras de florações e macrófitas submersas, nós testamos duas hipóteses através de estudos laboratoriais: (1) a liberação de aleloquímicos por Egeria densa reduz as taxas de crescimento de cepas tóxicas e não tóxicas de Microcystis; e (2) cepas tóxicas de Microcystis inibem o crescimento e biomassa de E. densa, além de ocasionar estresse oxidativo a essas plantas. Com base nisso, foram elaborados dois artigos: (1) Macrófitas submersas podem inibir cepas tóxicas e não tóxicas de cianobactérias igualmente? Efeitos alelopáticos de Egeria densa Planch. sobre Microcystis spp.; e (2) Respostas biométricas e fisiológicas de Egeria densa Planch. cultivada com cepas tóxica e não tóxica de Microcystis. No primeiro artigo, verificamos a influência da coexistência de E. densa e a aplicação de extratos desta planta (com os aleloquímicos dissolvidos) sobre a biomassa e taxas de crescimento de cepas tóxica de M. aeruginosa (MC+) e não tóxica de M. panniformis (MC-). No segundo, avaliamos as respostas fisiológicas e de crescimento de E. densa cultivadas com as cepas MC+ e MC-, verificando-se peroxidação lipídica, produção de peróxido de hidrogênio, alteração no conteúdo de pigmentos fotossintéticos e atividade das enzimas antioxidativas superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e ascorbato peroxidase (APX). A cepa MC+ foi significativamente inibida quando cultivada com E. densa, enquanto que MC- exibiu uma resposta contrária, havendo estímulo do crescimento. Ao serem cultivadas sob influência do extrato de E. densa, as cepas MC+ e MC- foram inibidas, porém mais significativamente em MC-. A macrófita apresentou um pequeno incremento na produção de compostos fenólicos totais quando em coexistência com as cianobactérias, principalmente com a cepa tóxica. O crescimento e biomassa de E. densa foram inibidos quando em cultivo com a cepa MC+, com poucas alterações quando cultivadas com MC-. Além disso, a cepa MC+ inibiu a emergência de brotos e raízes nas plantas. Ambas as cepas mostraram uma redução nos teores de clorofilas totais, clorofila a e b, bem como um incremento dos carotenóides totais. As plantas cultivadas com MC+ apresentaram altas taxas de peroxidação lipídica e atividade enzimática, especialmente da APX. Nossos resultados suportam a hipótese de que existem interações alelopáticas mútuas entre Microcystis e E. densa. No entanto, E. densa necessita de um estímulo para liberar os aleloquímicos, como por exemplo o estresse ocasionado pelas microcistinas. A planta testada possui mecanismos de defesa enzimáticos que lhes permite coexistir com as microcistinas a curto prazo (cerca de oito dias), entretanto, a exposição prolongada (cinco semanas) às cepas tóxicas de Microcystis causa uma redução no crescimento da planta.
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Barbosa, Vanessa Virginia. "Decomposição anaeróbia de Egeria densa Planch e Chara braunii Gmel em sistemas aquáticos sob diferentes estados tróficos." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2242.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In this study there were three motivating questions: (i) are there differences in the decomposition kinetics of E. dense and C. braunii? (ii) in which trophic state the decomposition is faster? (iii) wthat is the magnitude of nutrients release in the water during decomposition? The hypothesis tested is that the decomposition kinetics is faster for C. braunii releasing few nutrients, because it is a seaweed, however, with both species faster decomposing in eutrophic water due to the greater microbial activity in the environment. Water samples were taken from eutrophic reservoirs with low nutrient content of the Paraiba semi-arid region. The in vitro study in which anaerobic conditions were analyzed: the decay of organic matter and release of nutrients during decomposition. Both species showed similar biphasic decay of organic matter and carbon mineralization and the trophic state did not influence this process. Nutrient release was high for both species, independent of the trophic state. The trophic state of Paraiba semi-arid water is not a limiting factor for the debry decay of E. dense and C. braunii. The species are from different families, but for being submerged macrophytes have similar content of plant fibers, as a consequence significant differences in weight loss was observed.
Neste estudo as três questões motivadoras foram: (i) existem diferenças na cinética de decomposição entre E. densa e C. braunii? (ii) em qual estado trófico a decomposição ocorre mais rapidamente? (iii) qual a magnitude da liberação de nutrientes na água durante a decomposição? A hipótese testada e que a cinética de decomposição é mais rápida para C. braunii, liberando pouco nutrientes, por ser uma macroalga, no entanto, ambas as espécies se decompõem mais rapidamente em águas eutróficas devido à maior atividade microbiana nesse meio. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas de águas em reservatórios eutrófico e oligotrófico do semiárido paraibano. O estudo foi realizado in vitro em condições anaeróbias no qual se analisou o decaimento de matéria orgânica e a liberação de nutrientes durante a decomposição. As duas espécies apresentaram o mesmo padrão bifásico de decaimento da matéria orgânica e de mineralização do carbono e o estado trófico não influenciou esse processo. A liberação de nutrientes foi elevada por ambas às espécies, independente do estado trófico. O estado de trofia da água do semiárido paraibano não representa um fator limitante para o decaimento dos detritos de E.densa e C.braunii. As duas espécies são de famílias distintas, mas por serem macrófitas submersas, possuem teor de fibras vegetais semelhantes, uma vez que não apresentaram diferenças significativas na perda de massa.
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Lycarião, Thainá Alves. "Fatores controladores de Najas arguta Kunth e Egeria densa Planch em um reservatório do semiárido do Brasil." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2473.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Understanding the dynamics of ecosystems in semiarid regions with dry and wet extremes may help elucidate issues related to the existing pattern of interaction in these environments, and these relationships can affect the ecological interactions of organisms present in the water body. Thus, this study aimed to determine the abiotic variables that act in development of Najas arguta (Kunth) and Egeria densa (Planch), highlighting how these variables influence the relationship of the two submerged macrophytes in a reservoir in semiarid region. N arguta biomass data and E. densa were obtained in six stands, located three out of the reservoir shoreline. In each stands is selected parcels 100x50 meters, which have been measured abiotic data and collected plants through cross hooks (cor er ) 0.5m in diameter (n = 4) at depths 1m, 2m and 3m. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) factor a + b was used to test the seasonal and spatial variation of stands and environmental variables, linear regression analysis was used to understand the dependence of N. arguta and E. densa . Generalized Linear Models (GLM) were used to select environmental variables that explain the occurrence of N. arguta , E. densa and its relationship (Najas:Egeria ). Abiotic data showed low coefficients of temporal variation (<30%) due to continued drought conditions. N. Arguta presented a variation of biomass between the months of August / 13 and April / 14, with totals of 25.67 g.m-² and 1.06 g.m-², respectively. While E. densa maintained high biomass in the entire study period. The submerged plants had different niches, showing that E. densa competition relationship with N. arguta . The predictive model for biomass of N. arguta showed that physical and chemical variables had more influence in their biomass, whereas physical, chemical and climatic variables were related more to the biomass of E. densa . The relationship Najas Egeria was influenced by conductivity, total dissolved solids and nitrite. For presenting adaptations to the conditions of the reservoir, E. densa kept his high biomass, occupying more favorable niches and suppressing the development of N. arguta .
Entender a dinâmica dos ecossistemas em regiões do semiárido que apresentam extremos de seca e cheia pode ajudar a elucidar questões relacionadas ao padrão de interação existentes nesses ambientes, bem como essas relações podem afetar nas interações ecológicas dos organismos presentes no corpo aquático. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as variáveis abióticas que atuam no desenvolvimento de Najas arguta (Kunth) e Egeria densa (Planch), ressaltando como estas variáveis influenciam na relação das duas macrófitas submersas em um reservatório no semiárido. Dados de biomassa de N. arguta e E. densa foram obtidos em seis bancos, localizados três em cada margem do reservatório. Em cada selecionou-se parcelas 100x50 metros, onde foram medidos dados abióticos e coletados plantas através de ganchos de 0,5m de diâmetro (n=4), nas profundidades 1m, 2m e 3m. banco Análise de Variância (ANOVA) fatorial a+b foi utilizada para testar a variação sazonal e espacial dos bancos e das variáveis ambientais, análise de regressão linear foi utilizada para entender a relação de dependência de N. arguta e E. densa . Modelos Lineares Generalizados (GLM) foram utilizados para selecionar as variáveis ambientais que explicam a ocorrência de N. arguta , E. densa e sua relação (Naja s:Egeria ). Os dados abióticos apresentaram baixo coeficiente de variação temporal (<30%) devido à manutenção da condição de estiagem. N. arguta apresentou variação de biomassa entre - - os meses de agosto/13 e abril/14, com valores totais de 25.67 g.m ² e 1.06 g.m ², respectivamente. Enquanto que E. densa manteve biomassa alta em todo período estudado. As macrófitas submersas apresentaram nichos diferenciados, mostrando haver uma competição de E. densa em relação N. arguta . O modelo preditivo para a biomassa de N. arguta mostrou que variáveis físicas e químicas tiveram mais influencia na sua biomassa, enquanto que variáveis físicas, químicas e climatológicas se relacionaram mais com a biomassa de E. densa . A relação de Najas:Egeria foi influenciada pela condutividade, sólidos totais dissolvidos e nitrito. Por apresentar adaptações condições do reservatório, E. densa manteve sua biomassa alta, ocupando nichos mais às favoráveis e suprimindo o desenvolvimento de N. arguta.
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Gentelini, André Luis. "Tratamento de efluente de piscicultura orgânica utilizando macrófitas aquáticas Eichhornia crassipes (mart. Solms) e Egeria densa (Planchon.)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2007. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/169.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-15Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The objective of the recent research was to evaluate the efficiency of a system of aquatic treatment being used macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) and Egeria dense (egeria) in three times of hydraulic detention, the removal of pollutants of the effluent one of organic culture of tilápias of the Nile (Oreochromis niloticus), and to get given of production of biomass of the aquatics macrophytes. The work was carried through in the Paturi farm, Terra Roxa city, state of the Paraná, during the period of 6 weeks. The system was composed for 18 experimental tanks of 2.00 x 1.00 x 0.65m length, width and depth respectively, coated with polypropylene canvas. An entirely randomized 2 macrophytes x 3 hydraulic detention times (HDT) and 3 repetitions. The used HDT had been of 04h, outflow of ≈ 4.15 L.min-1, 08h, outflow of ≈ 2.10 L.min-1 and 12h, outflow of ≈ 1.40 L.min-1. The samples were collected in inlet and outlet of the system, in intervals of five days, being evaluated total nitrogen (NT), total phosphorus (PT), ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, turbidity, DQO, pH and electric conductivity. The temperature was measures daily. The biomass production was evaluated to the end of the experiment. For NT in such a way the water hyacinth and would egeria as it biggest removal (P<0.05) 39.90% and 37.38%, respectively was observed in the HDT of 12 hours, not differing from the HDT of 8 hours. The best removals of PT (P<0.05) 41.57% and 43.42% had been observed in the HDT of 12 hours for the water hyacinth and would egeria respectively. In the case of the turbidez, biggest removal 62.74% (P<0.05) was observed in the HDT of 12 hours for the water hyacinth, not differing from the HDT of 8 hours, already for it would egeria optimum resulted (P<0.05) was observed in the HDT of 12 hours with 81.81%. For the DQO, as much the water hyacinth as it would egeria it, the best ones resulted of removal (P<0.05) 63.61% and 62.64% had been observed in the HDT of 12 not differing from the HDT of 8 hours. For the biomass production the water hyacinth presented the best ones resulted, being greater 8.95 kg.m-2 for the HDT of 4 hours, followed for the HDT of 12 and 8 hours, already for would egeria optimum 0.05kg.m-2 in the HDT of 12 hours result, followed for the HDT of 8 and 4 hours. One concludes that for removal of NT, PT, turbidez and DQO the TDH of 12 hours was what it presented better resulted for both the macrophytes. The water hyacinth produced more biomass that egeria in these conditions in all the TDH.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de um sistema de tratamento utilizando macrófitas aquáticas Eichhornia crassipes (aguapé) e Egeria densa (egeria) em três tempos de detenção hidráulica, na remoção de poluentes do efluente de cultivo orgânico de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e obter dados sobre a produção de biomassa das macrófitas aquáticas. O trabalho foi realizado na fazenda Paturi, município de Terra Roxa, estado do Paraná, durante o período de 6 semanas. O sistema foi composto por 18 tanques experimentais de 2,00 x 1,00 x 0,65 m de comprimento, largura e profundidade, respectivamente, revestidos com lona de polipropileno. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, 2 macrófitas x 3 tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH) e 3 repetições. Os TDH utilizados foram de 4 h, vazão de ≈ 4,15 L.min-1, 8 h, vazão de ≈ 2,10 L.min-1 e 12 h, vazão de ≈ 1,40 L.min-1. As amostras foram coletadas na entrada e saída do sistema, em intervalos de cinco dias, avaliando-se o nitrogênio total (NT), fósforo total (PT), amônia, nitrito, nitrato, turbidez, DQO, pH e condutividade elétrica. A temperatura foi medida diariamente. A produção de biomassa foi avaliada ao final do experimento. Para NT, tanto para o aguapé como para a egeria, a maior remoção (P<0,05) foi de 39,90% e 37,38%, respectivamente, observada no TDH de 12 horas, não diferindo do TDH de 8 horas. As melhores remoções de PT (P<0,05) 41,57% e 43,42% foram observadas no TDH de 12 horas para o aguapé e egeria, respectivamente. No caso da turbidez, a maior remoção 62,74% (P<0,05) foi observada no TDH de 12 horas para o aguapé, não diferindo do TDH de 8 horas. Para a egeria o melhor resultado (P<0,05) foi observado no TDH de 12 horas com 81,81%. Para a DQO, tanto o aguapé como a egeria, os melhores resultados de remoção (P<0,05) 63,61% e 62,64% foram observados no TDH de 12 horas, não diferindo do TDH de 8 horas. Para a produção de biomassa o aguapé apresentou os melhores resultados, sendo o maior 8,95 kg.m-2 para o TDH de 4 horas, seguido pelo TDH de 12 e 8 horas. Para a egeria o melhor resultado 0,05 kg.m-2 no TDH de 12 horas, seguido pelos TDH de 8 e 4 horas. Conclui-se que. para remoção de NT, PT, turbidez e DQO, o TDH de 12 horas foi o que apresentou melhor resultado para ambas as macrófitas. O aguapé produziu mais biomassa que a egeria nessas condições em todos os TDH.
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Medeiros, Eudilena Laurindo de. "Densidade do gastrópode invasor Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) associado às macrófitas aquáticas Egeria densa e Chara indica." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2015. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/656.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
2017-03-24
Nos últimos anos os estudos sobre moluscos invasores vêm se tornando cada vez mais importantes em decorrência dos impactos que esses organismos causam ao ambiente, a economia e a saúde do ser humano. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a influência da macrófitas aquáticas Egeria densa e Chara indica sobre a densidade do molusco invasor Melanoides tuberculata. O estudo foi desenvolvido no reservatório de Santa Cruz, Apodi, semiárido brasileiro, nos meses de setembro/2013 e abril/2014. Nestes meses foram selecionadas aleatoriamente quatro áreas dentro de um banco da macrófita E. densa, quatro áreas de um banco da macrófita C. indica e quatro áreas sem a ocorrência de E. densa e C. indica. Com o auxílio de um coletor circular com 15,7 cm de diâmetro foram coletas amostras de ambas as espécies vegetais e de molusco para a determinação da densidade do gastrópode. As variáveis físicas e químicas da água foram obtidas com um multisensor de variáveis limnológicas em cada ponto de coleta. Também foram coletados fragmentos das macrófitas para determinação da complexidade do habitat. Os resultados mostraram que no mês de Setembro/2013 a densidade média do molusco M. tuberculata no banco da Chara indica (9729,6 ind.m-2) foi significativamente superior à densidade do molusco no banco de Egeria densa (2279,3 ind.m-2) e a densidade das regiões sem macrófitas (455,8 ind.m-2). Já no mês de abril/2014, as densidades nos bancos de C. indica e E. densa não apresentarem diferenças significativas com valores de 8891,7 ind.m-2 e 7971,3 ind.m-2 respectivamente, porém ambas densidades foram significativamente superiores da região sem macrófitas. Conclui-se por tanto que a presença da C. indica foi importante para as altas densidades do molusco no mês de Setembro/2013, porém no mês de Abril/2014, tanto a C. indica, quanto a E. densa foram importantes para as elevadas densidades do molusco invasor M. tuberculta
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Castro, Wagner Antonio Chiba de. "Decomposição aeróbia e anaeróbia in vitro de Egeria densa Planch. e Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle de reservatórios tropicais." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2036.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-16Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
In this study it was evaluated the aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of submerged macrophytes Egeria densa Planch. and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, major weeds in tropical reservoirs. It was evaluated the decay of organic matter, mineralization, humification degree of the leached, fiber content, conductivity and pH of the process and activity of cellulase enzymes, peroxidase and xylanase. Mathematical models have indicated relations between enzymatic patterns with decay of organic matter and carbon cycling. Analysis of ANCOVA and ANOVA were used to evaluate differences in the decay processes of the species. The two species showed the same heterogeneous pattern of decay of organic matter and carbon mineralization, however, different patterns of decay patterns of the fiber fraction. Incubations of both species had low values of half life for the mineralization of POC, low mineralization of DOC and high enzymatic activity, especially peroxidase, correlated to high rates of decay of fiber content, mainly lignin. The incubations of the two species exhibited different oxygen consumption, probably due to the different composition of fibers. It was conclude that these macrophytes found in tropical reservoirs may cause changes in the environment metabolism. In this context it is important to study the decomposition of invasive species and their cycles for modeling parameterization of patterns of nutrient cycling in these environments.
Nesse trabalho foi avaliada a decomposição aeróbia e anaeróbia das espécies submersas Egeria densa Planch. e Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, importantes invasoras em reservatórios tropicais. Foi analisado o decaimento de matéria orgânica, mineralização do carbono, grau de humificação do material lixiviado, conteúdo de fibras, condutividade, pH e atividade das enzimas celulase, peroxidase e xilanase. Modelos matemáticos indicaram relações entre os padrões enzimáticos e os decaimentos de matéria orgânica e ciclagem do carbono. Análises de ANCOVA e ANOVA foram utilizadas para avaliar diferenças nos processos de decomposição das espécies. As duas espécies apresentaram o mesmo padrão heterogêneo de decaimento da matéria orgânica e de mineralização do carbono; porém, diferentes padrões de decaimento quanto às fibras. As incubações das duas espécies apresentaram baixos tempos de meia vida para a mineralização do COP, baixa mineralização do COD e alta atividade enzimática, principalmente quanto à peroxidase, correlacionada às altas taxas de decaimento dos teores de fibras, principalmente lignina. As incubações das duas espécies apresentaram diferentes consumos de oxigênio, provavelmente relacionados à diferente composição de fibras. Concluiu-se que essas macrófitas encontradas nos reservatórios tropicais possam ocasionar alterações no metabolismo do ecossistema. Neste contexto, é fundamental o estudo da decomposição das espécies invasoras e modelagem dos seus ciclos para parametrização dos padrões de ciclagem de nutrientes nestes ambientes.
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Pietrobelli, Juliana Martins Teixeira de Abreu. "Avaliação do potencial de biossorção dos íons Cd (II), Cu (II) e Zn (II) pela macrófita Egeria densa." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2007. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1865.
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Previous issue date: 2007-12-09In the present work has been studied the metallic ion removal from aqueous solutions using the non-living aquatic macrophytes Egeria densa as biosorbent in order to assess its potential on cadmium, cuprum and zinc ions adsorption experiments. For this purpose, several adsorption tests were performed by duplicate in order to determine the optimal experimental conditions, based on the effects of aqueous solution pH, drying temperature, and particle size on mono-component adsorption kinetic and equilibrium experiments using the E. densa dry biomass. Metallic aqueous solutions were prepared dissolving cadmium, cuprum and zinc chlorate (Cl2Cd.H2O, Cl2Cu.2H2O, Cl2Zn) in deionized water. In this way, some biosorption experiments were carried out setting up aqueous solution pH values at 4, 5 and 6 and non-adjusted pH value under constant and controlled temperature at a shaker system for each metallic ion in order to obtain the equilibrium parameters. At each experiment, initial and final metal concentrations were determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry technique. At room temperature and without shaking up, the metal precipitation into the aqueous solution was observed since pH 5 for cadmium and cuprum ions, while for zinc ion this process has began only near to pH 6. Based on the metallic ion removal factor at 30 and 50oC, the best biosorbent drying temperature was obtained at low temperature. On the other hand, the particle size effect onto metal biosorption process is not significant according the similar metallic removal factor for all the different particle sizes investigated. The biosorption kinetic results at non-adjusted pH and 5-adjusted pH and have shown an equilibrium time reduction from 60 to 45 and 30 minutes for cadmium and zinc ion, respectively. While, for cadmium ion, the pH effect was to reduce from 12 to 2 h due to change the aqueous solution pH value from non-adjusted to 5, respectively, with an increasing on removal factor from 60 to 70%. The experimental data were interpreted by four adsorption models. The pseudo first and second order models were used to fit the kinetic biosorption data. For all the metallic ions investigated the pseudo second order model has got fitting better the kinetic biosorption data. On the other hand, the Freundlich and Langmuir model were used to interpret the equilibrium data. For adsorption experiments at pH 5 and according to statistical criteria, the Langmuir model was better than Freundlich one to fit the experimental data. The adsorption parameters, qmax and b, obtained from Langmuir model were 1.28 mequivg-1 and 0.40 L g-1, 1.47 mequivg-1 and 3.73 L g-1, 0.922 mequivg-1 and 0.829 L g-1 for cadmium, cuprum and zinc, respectively. At mono-component biosorption conditions suggested above, the non-living aquatic macrófita E. densa biomass can be used into effluent treatment systems as biosorbent due to its great adsorption potential.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial da macrófita aquática, Egeria densa, seca, na remoção dos íons metálicos Cd (II), Cu (II) e Zn (II). Foram realizados testes para verificação da influência do pH, temperatura de secagem do biossorvente, temperatura de biossorção e tamanho das partículas a serem utilizados nos testes cinéticos e de equilíbrio. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em duplicata. No estudo de equilíbrio da biossorção dos íons metálicos, monocomponentes, foram realizados experimentos com pH ajustados em 4, 5 e 6 e sem ajuste. Os ensaios foram realizados à temperatura controlada, sob agitação constante. As concentrações dos íons metálicos foram determinadas por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Pelo teste de precipitação, realizado em temperatura ambiente e sem agitação, observou-se que acima de pH 5 inicia-se a precipitação para os íons Cd (II) e Cu (II), enquanto para o Zn (II) este processo inicia-se próximo de pH 6. Através do teste de temperatura de secagem e de biossorção verificou-se que a maior porcentagem de remoção ocorre na temperatura de secagem ambiente e a temperatura de biossorção de 30oC. A influência do tamanho das partículas do biossorvente também foi avaliada, sendo a diferença na porcentagem de remoção insignificante para os diferentes tamanhos testados. Na avaliação da influência do pH verificou-se, no teste cinético, que para os íons Cd (II) e Zn (II) ocorreu uma redução no tempo de equilíbrio de 1 hora (sem ajuste) para 45 minutos (pH 5) e para o íon Cu (II) ocorreu uma redução no tempo de equilíbrio de 12 horas (sem ajuste) para 2 horas (pH 5), com aumento na taxa de remoção de 60 para 70%. Na verificação da cinética de biossorção, o melhor ajuste foi obtido pelo modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem, para todos os íons metálicos testados. O modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados de equilíbrio foi o de Langmuir, com pH ótimo 5, cujos parâmetros qmax e b para os íons de Cd, Cu e Zn em pH 5 foram: 1,28 meq.g-1 e 0,40 l.g-1, 1,47 meq.g-1 e 3,73l.g-1, 0,922 meq.g-1 e 0,829l.g-1, respectivamente. Assim, pelos resultados obtidos pode-se afirmar que a biomassa da macrófita aquática Egeria densa possui grande potencial para o tratamento de efluentes contendo metais pesados.
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Chambo, Ana Paula Sartório. "Bioindicadores para determinação de metais pesados no Reservatório da Itaipu Binacional, Paraná, Brasil." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2011. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1637.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-26Fundação Araucária
This study was conducted in the reservoir of Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant, located in the western region of Paraná State, during the March/2010 to April/2009 and aimed to study the chemical composition (macronutrients, micronutrients and toxic heavy metals), the bioaccumulation of biologically essential metals, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn), and non-essential toxic heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) in tissues of the armado (P. granulosus), mollusks (L. fortunei) and aquatic plants (E. densa and E. crasssipes), beyond the study of water quality and sediment under modified atmospheres, such as reservoirs for multiple uses, during the season the year. Fifteen fish were collected monthly to determine the factor relative corporal condition (Kn), the index of viscera total (IVT), visceral fat index (IGV), the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and the metal pollution index (MPI), as well as samples the sediment, water and the biomarkers golden mussel and two species of aquatic macrophytes, E. crassipes and E. dense. It was observed that the carcass of the armado bioaccumulate in the following order Fe, Ca, Zn, Pb, Mn, K, Mg, Cr, Cu e Cd. The nitrogen was concentrated in greater proportion in the carcass (110.58 g kg-1) and fillet (109.96 g kg-1) and phosphorus in the liver (43.26 g kg-1). The Cd was present in 50% of carcass samples (1.20 mg kg-1) and skin (1.00 mg kg-1) and 100% of the samples of gills (1.00 mg kg-1). The Cr was detected in 33% of carcass samples (2.75 mg kg-1) and gills (1.00 mg kg-1) and 17% of fillet samples (2.00 mg kg-1). The presence of lead was found in 100% of samples with levels ranging from 20.17 mg kg-1 in the carcass and 7.83 mg kg-1 in the fillet. The distribution of Cu, Zn and Mn in the sediment and water did not change seasonally. The analytical method used did not detect the presence of Cu and Zn in the water sample. The physical and chemical variables of water were not oscillated along the year season. The index calculated for the E. densa responded significantly seasonal fluctuations, with the highest rates were obtained during the summer followed by spring, winter and autumn. The armado captured during the experiment were contaminated by heavy metals Cd, Cr and Pb at levels above those recommended by current legislation. The rate of metal contamination suggests that the liver is the organ most bioaccumulate heavy metals in the gun. The deposition of heavy metals in sediment and water did not change seasonally, the sampling of sediment, E. densa and root of E. crassipes may indicate the composition of environmental contamination
Este trabalho foi realizado no reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu Binacional, localizada na região oeste do Estado do Paraná, durante o período de abril/2009 a março/2010 e teve como objetivo o estudo sobre a composição química (macronutrientes, micronutrientes e metais pesados tóxicos), a bioacumulação de metais pesados biologicamente essenciais, cobre (Cu), ferro (Fe), zinco (Zn) e manganês (Mn), e metais pesados tóxicos, cádmio (Cd), cromo (Cr) e chumbo (Pb), nos tecidos do armado (P. granulosus), moluscos (L. fortunei) e plantas aquáticas (E. densa e E. crasssipes), além do estudo da qualidade da água e dos sedimentos em ambientes modificados, como os reservatórios de usos múltiplos, durante as estações do ano. Foram coletados mensalmente quinze peixes para determinação do fator de condição corporal relativo, o índice de víscera total, o índice de gordura visceral, o índice hepatossomático e o índice de poluição por metais, bem como amostras de sedimento, água e dos bioindicadores mexilhão dourado e duas espécies de macrófitas aquáticas E. crassipes e E. densa. Observou-se que a carcaça do armado bioacumulou os elementos na seguinte ordem decrescente Fe, Ca, Zn, Pb, Mn, K, Mg, Cr, Cu e Cd. O nitrogênio concentrou-se em maior proporção na carcaça (110,58 g kg-1) e no filé (109,96 g kg-1) e o fósforo no fígado (43,26 g kg-1). O Cd esteve presente em 50% das amostras de carcaça (1,20 mg kg-1) e pele (1,00 mg kg-1) e em 100% das amostras de brânquias (1,00 mg kg-1). O Cr foi detectado em 33% das amostras de carcaça (2,75mg kg-1) e brânquias (1,00 mg kg-1) e em 17% das amostras de filé (2,00 mg kg-1). A presença de chumbo foi constatada em 100% das amostras com teores variando entre 20,17 mg kg-1 na carcaça e 7,83 mg kg-1 no filé. A distribuição dos metais Cu, Fe, Zn e Mn no sedimento e na água não sofreram efeito sazonal. O método analítico utilizado não detectou a presença de Cu e Zn na água do reservatório. As variáveis físicas e químicas da água não oscilaram ao longo do ano. O índice de metais pesados calculado para a E. densa respondeu significativamente as oscilações sazonais, sendo que os maiores valores obtidos durante o verão seguidos pela primavera, inverno e outono. Os armados capturados durante o período experimental estavam contaminados pelos metais pesados Cd, Cr e, Pb em níveis acima dos recomendados pela legislação vigente. O índice de contaminação por metais aponta que o fígado é o órgão que mais bioacumulou metais pesados no armado. As deposições de metais pesados no sedimento e na água não sofreram efeito sazonal. A amostragem dos sedimentos, E. densa e raiz da E. crassipes pode indicar a composição da contaminação do ambiente e a E. densa pode ser utilizado como bioindicador em áreas poluídas
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BOUTHORS, VINCENT. "Egerie : un interprete embarque dans un systeme de gestion d'interfaces homme-machine." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE4693.
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Cette these decrit l'experience resultant de la conception et de la realisation d'egerie: un environnement interactif de developpement d'interfaces homme-machine, destine au systeme de fenetres x et mettant en uvre la boite a outils osf/motif; egerie couvre les differents composants d'une interface. Il offre le moyen d'editer l'interface par manipulation directe. Ceci nous a conduit a developper des fonctionnalites manquantes dans osf/motif; les services que doit offrir une boite a outils pour etre editable ont ete ainsi etablis. Egerie ne se limite pas a l'apparence de l'interface: pour en decrire le comportement, il fournit le langage wool, dialecte de lisp. Nous proposons une technique faisant suite a la programmation guidee par les evenements qui unifie differents niveaux d'abstraction allant de l'espionnage jusqu'aux systemes declaratifs. Enfin, un mecanisme offrant aux developpeurs d'interfaces la faculte de creer de nouveaux objets a ete experimente; des objets accomplissant des taches d'interaction selon plusieurs techniques ont ete developpes. Egerie est donc a la fois un produit en cours d'industrialisation et une plate-forme qui nous a permis de mener plusieurs experiences
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Santos, Gustavo Henrique Fidelis dos. "Utilização da espectroscopia PIXE na avaliação do mecanismo de biossorção dos íons Cu²+, Zn²+ e Cd²+ pela macrófita Egeria densa." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2012. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1912.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-16Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the types of biosorption mechanisms involved in the removal of copper, zinc and cadmium divalent ions by dead Egeria densa macrophyte biomass. Batch adsorption experiments, consisting of mixtures of 0.3 g biomass and 50 mL metal solution were performed at initial pH 5, and under constant temperature (50 oC) and shaking conditions. The PIXE analytical technique was applied to determine the metal concentration in aqueous and solid phases. All PIXE measurements were performed at the Ion Beam-based Material Analysis Laboratory of the Physics Institute of the São Paulo University. Preliminary to adsorption experiments, the point of zero charge assigned to E. densa biosorbent was determined to be at a 5.0-6.5 pH value range. From metal speciation diagrams, the Cu, Zn, Cd and Ca divalent ions are expected to be majorities below the pH values of 5, 6, 8, and 10, respectively, whereas above these pH regions other metal compounds are mainly expected. As confirmed by measured pH values of 5.0 ± 0.2 at all experiments of adsorption and desorption, E. densa biosorbent submerged in each metal solution has exhibited zero net electrical charge on its surface, indicating that the removals of Cu²+, Zn²+, and Cd²+ and the desorption of these metal ions should be mainly performed by the ion exchange mechanism. According to the mass balance analysis performed for each metal adsorption experiment, the ion exchange process was confirmed to be the main mechanism for the metal removal and desorption by the E. densa biosorbent. At pH value of 5 the E. densa biosorbent surface shows a behavior of ion exchanger.
O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar os mecanismos de biossorção envolvidos na remoção dos íons cobre, zinco e cádmio pela macrófita aquática Egeria densa inativa. Experimentos de sorção monocomponente foram realizados em sistema batelada, misturando 0,3 g do biossorvente com 50 mL de solução metálica, com pH inicial 5,0, sob agitação constante e temperatura controlada em 30°C, em uma incubadora refrigerada com agitação. A determinação da concentração das espécies iônicas nas fases líquida e sólida foi realizada pela técnica espectroscópica PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission). As medidas foram realizadas no Laboratório de Análise de Materiais por Feixes Iônicos do Instituto de Física da USP. Foram realizados experimentos para determinação do ponto de carga zero (pHPCZ) da biomassa e elaborados diagramas de especiação dos metais. O pHPCZ da macrófita Egeria densa foi encontrado na faixa entre 5,0 a 6,5. Por meio de diagramas de especiação, observou-se que as formas iônicas Cu²+, Zn²+, Cd²+ e Ca²+ são predominantes nas faixas de pH entre 0 - 5,0; 0 - 5,0; 0 - 8,0 e 0 - 10,0, respectivamente. O pH final medido em todos experimentos de biossorção e de regeneração da biomassa, foi em média de 5,0 ± 0,2. Desta forma, nos experimentos de sorção, os íons cobre, zinco, cádmio e cálcio encontravam-se na forma divalente. Nas condições operacionais utilizadas, a biossorção dos íons metálicos cobre, cádmio e zinco, pela macrófita Egeria densa, em pH inicial 5,0, ocorreu principalmente pelo mecanismo de troca iônica, com os cátions cálcio, sódio e potássio. Na regeneração da macrófita utilizando solução de CaCl2, também foi verificado que o mecanismo envolvido neste processo foi de troca iônica. O processo de dessorção dos íons metálicos ocorreu, devido ao comportamento da biomassa ser equivalente a de um trocador iônico.
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Tanaka, Robson Hitoshi [UNESP]. "Eficácia de fluridone para o controle de Egeria spp. em caixas d'água e em represa de pequeno porte sem fluxo de água." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86466.
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tanaka_rh_me_botfca.pdf: 1449251 bytes, checksum: 474078129728cc00254bfeeca129a589 (MD5)O presente projeto teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia do herbicida fluridone para o controle das plantas aquáticas do gênero Egeria e seu efeito na qualidade da água em caixas d'água e em represa de pequeno porte, sem fluxo de água. No experimento em caixas d'água, foram avaliados os efeitos de doses crescentes de fluridone, nas formulações líquida e granulada, sobre as espécies Egeria densa Planchon e Egeria najas Planchon. Foram testadas as concentrações de 10, 20, 40, 80 e 150 ppb de fluridone na formulação líquida e 20, 40, 80 e 150 ppb na granulada. Utilizou-se 40 caixas d'água de fibra de vidro, com volume de 320 litros e cada uma constituiu uma parcela, com vinte plantas de cada espécie, cultivadas a partir de fragmentos apicais de 0,2 m de comprimento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com dez tratamentos e quatro repetições. Realizou-se uma única aplicação, avaliando-se os sintomas de intoxicação das plantas aos 8, 15, 29, 35, 51 e 63 dias após a aplicação, realizada em junho de 1.998. Os resultados indicaram que o fluridone, nas concentrações de 80 e 150 ppb, em ambas as formulações, foi eficaz no controle das duas espécies. Nos tratamentos com concentrações de 10, 20 e 40 ppb na formulação líquida e de 20 e 40 ppb na formulação granulada, constatou-se a recuperação das plantas na última avaliação, realizada aos 63 dias após a aplicação do herbicida. Nestes tratamentos e nesta época, os resíduos de fluridone na água eram inferiores a 10 ppb. Nas condições do experimento, Egeria najas mostrou-se mais sensível que Egeria densa na primeira avaliação, porém o resultado final foi similar. No experimento em represa de pequeno porte sem fluxo de água, avaliou-se o efeito da manutenção das concentrações de fluridone no controle de Egeria najas... .
This project aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the herbicide fluridone to control aquatic plants from the genus Egeria and its effect on water quality in outdoor tanks and a small size pond. The experiment in tanks had the purpose to evaluate the effect of increasing rates of fluridone in two formulations, liquid and pellet, in the control of the species Egeria densa Planchon and Egeria najas Planchon. Concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 150 ppb of the liquid formulation and 20, 40, 80 and 150 ppb of the pellet were used. Forty fiberglass tanks with 320 liters of volume were used. In each tank, 20 plants of each species were planted using apical cuttings of 0,2 m. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with 10 treatments and 4 replications. A single application of the herbicide was made in July 1998 and evaluations of symptoms were done at 8, 15, 29, 35, 51 and 63 days after the application. Results showed that fluridone, at 80 and 150 ppb of both liquid and pellet formulations, was efficient to control both species. Concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 ppb of the liquid formulation and 20 and 40 ppb of the pellet allowed the plants to regrowth at the last evaluation. In those treatments, fluridone residues in water, analyzed at 63 days after the herbicide application, were lower than 10 ppb. In the experimental condition of outdoor tanks, Egeria najas showed to be more sensitive to the herbicide in the former evaluation, but the final result was similar to that obtained for Egeria densa. In the experiment at the small size pond, the effect of keeping the fluridone concentration for an extended period of time on the control of Egeria najas was evaluated. One 1,980 square meter pond was treated seven times with fluridone, aiming to keep herbicide concentrations in water between 10 and 20 ppb... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
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Tanaka, Robson Hitoshi. "Eficácia de fluridone para o controle de Egeria spp. em caixas d'água e em represa de pequeno porte sem fluxo de água /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86466.
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Orientador: Dagoberto MartinsBanca: Daniel Antonio Salati Marcondes
Banca: Julio Cezar Durigan
Resumo: O presente projeto teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia do herbicida fluridone para o controle das plantas aquáticas do gênero Egeria e seu efeito na qualidade da água em caixas d'água e em represa de pequeno porte, sem fluxo de água. No experimento em caixas d'água, foram avaliados os efeitos de doses crescentes de fluridone, nas formulações líquida e granulada, sobre as espécies Egeria densa Planchon e Egeria najas Planchon. Foram testadas as concentrações de 10, 20, 40, 80 e 150 ppb de fluridone na formulação líquida e 20, 40, 80 e 150 ppb na granulada. Utilizou-se 40 caixas d'água de fibra de vidro, com volume de 320 litros e cada uma constituiu uma parcela, com vinte plantas de cada espécie, cultivadas a partir de fragmentos apicais de 0,2 m de comprimento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com dez tratamentos e quatro repetições. Realizou-se uma única aplicação, avaliando-se os sintomas de intoxicação das plantas aos 8, 15, 29, 35, 51 e 63 dias após a aplicação, realizada em junho de 1.998. Os resultados indicaram que o fluridone, nas concentrações de 80 e 150 ppb, em ambas as formulações, foi eficaz no controle das duas espécies. Nos tratamentos com concentrações de 10, 20 e 40 ppb na formulação líquida e de 20 e 40 ppb na formulação granulada, constatou-se a recuperação das plantas na última avaliação, realizada aos 63 dias após a aplicação do herbicida. Nestes tratamentos e nesta época, os resíduos de fluridone na água eram inferiores a 10 ppb. Nas condições do experimento, Egeria najas mostrou-se mais sensível que Egeria densa na primeira avaliação, porém o resultado final foi similar. No experimento em represa de pequeno porte sem fluxo de água, avaliou-se o efeito da manutenção das concentrações de fluridone no controle de Egeria najas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: This project aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the herbicide fluridone to control aquatic plants from the genus Egeria and its effect on water quality in outdoor tanks and a small size pond. The experiment in tanks had the purpose to evaluate the effect of increasing rates of fluridone in two formulations, liquid and pellet, in the control of the species Egeria densa Planchon and Egeria najas Planchon. Concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 150 ppb of the liquid formulation and 20, 40, 80 and 150 ppb of the pellet were used. Forty fiberglass tanks with 320 liters of volume were used. In each tank, 20 plants of each species were planted using apical cuttings of 0,2 m. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with 10 treatments and 4 replications. A single application of the herbicide was made in July 1998 and evaluations of symptoms were done at 8, 15, 29, 35, 51 and 63 days after the application. Results showed that fluridone, at 80 and 150 ppb of both liquid and pellet formulations, was efficient to control both species. Concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 ppb of the liquid formulation and 20 and 40 ppb of the pellet allowed the plants to regrowth at the last evaluation. In those treatments, fluridone residues in water, analyzed at 63 days after the herbicide application, were lower than 10 ppb. In the experimental condition of outdoor tanks, Egeria najas showed to be more sensitive to the herbicide in the former evaluation, but the final result was similar to that obtained for Egeria densa. In the experiment at the small size pond, the effect of keeping the fluridone concentration for an extended period of time on the control of Egeria najas was evaluated. One 1,980 square meter pond was treated seven times with fluridone, aiming to keep herbicide concentrations in water between 10 and 20 ppb... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Mestre
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Petracco, Paula. "Efeito das variáveis abióticas na produção primária de Egeria najas e Utricularia breviscapa da lagoa do Óleo (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio - SP)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1564.
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Previous issue date: 2006-06-06This study was developed at Oleo lagoon, an oxbow sited on Mogi Guaçu river floodplain, located in Estação Ecológica de Jataí (Luís Antônio SP Brazil). To evaluate the river level fluctuation on the metabolism of this lagoon the following activities were done: i) limnological inventories (pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, iron, magnesium, sodium, potassium, organic carbon, inorganic carbon, suspended matter, temperature, electrical conductivity and photosynthetic active radiation); ii) the lagoon batimetry; iii) in situ incubations to evaluate the primary production rates of two species of submerged aquatic macrophytes (Egeria najas Planchon and Utricularia breviscapa Wright ex Griseb); iv) simulation of levels of river overflow. In the rainy season, due to overflow of the waters of Mogi Guaçu river into the lagoon, intense modifications of abiotic variables were verified. In the dry period, when the lower values of temperature, electrical conductivity, total suspended matter, vertical light extinction coefficient, total carbon concentrations, NTK and Ptotal occurred, the E. najas stands were located in the bottom of the lagoon and the photosynthetic rates were significantly higher than in the rainy period, and the light was the main variable controlling this process. For U. breviscapa, the photosynthetic rates were higher in the rainy season, presenting possible relation to the values of temperature and inorganic carbon concentrations, which were higher in this period. From the results, it was observed that Oleo Lagoon showed three different limnological phases: dry, rainy without overflow and rainy with overflow. Considering it is a oxbow lake situated in a conservation unit, the change in limnological and biochemical characteristics were due to the overflow pulse, influencing directly or indirectly the primary production of E. najas and U. breviscapa.
Este estudo foi desenvolvido na lagoa do Óleo, uma lagoa marginal do rio Mogi Guaçu, localizada na Estação Ecológica de Jataí (Luiz Antônio-SP-Brasil). Para avaliar os efeitos da flutuação do nível do rio sobre o metabolismo dessa lagoa foram efetuados entre janeiro/2003 a março/2005: i) inventários limnológicos (pH, oxigênio dissolvido, amônio, nitrogênio total, fósforo total, ferro, magnésio, sódio, potássio, carbono orgânico, carbono inorgânico, material em suspensão, temperatura, condutividade elétrica e radiação fotossinteticamente ativa); ii) a batimetria da lagoa; iii) incubações in situ para a avaliação das taxas de produção primária de duas espécies de macrófitas aquáticas submersas (Egeria najas Planchon e Utricularia breviscapa Wright ex Griseb.); iv) simulações dos níveis de vazões de transbordamento do rio. No período chuvoso, em decorrência do transbordamento das águas do rio Mogi-Guaçu para a lagoa, verificaram-se intensas modificações das variáveis abióticas. No período seco, quando foram menores os valores de temperatura, condutividade elétrica, material em suspensão total, coeficiente de extinção vertical da luz, concentrações de carbono total, NTK e Ptotal foi observado que os estandes de E. najas localizavam-se no fundo da lagoa e as taxas fotossintéticas foram significativamente maiores que no período chuvoso, sendo a luz a principal variável controladora desse processo. Para U. breviscapa, as taxas fotossintéticas foram mais elevadas no período chuvoso, apresentando possível relação com os valores de temperatura e concentrações de carbono inorgânico, que foram mais elevados neste período. Pelos resultados verificou-se que a lagoa do Óleo apresentou três fases limnológicas distintas: seca, chuvosa sem pulso de inundação e chuvosa com pulso de inundação. Por ser uma lagoa marginal situada em uma unidade de conservação, as alterações das características limnológicas e bioquímicas decorreram do pulso de inundação, influenciando direta e indiretamente a produção primária de E. najas e U. breviscapa.
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Saadi, El Hassani Amina. "Toxicité et bioaccumulation du cuivre et du cadmium chez deux végétaux dulçaquicoles, Spirodela Polyrhiza L. Et Egeria Densa Planchon. : transfert dans une chaîne alimentaire." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUE04NR.
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L'étude écotoxicologique réalisée sur deux macrophytes dulçaquicoles a permis de montrer que Spirodela polyrhiza est plus sensible à l'effet toxique du Cu et du Cd qu'Egeria densa. Les bioessais effectués ont montré que les mêmes symptômes de morbidité sont observés chez les deux espèces et avec les deux métaux. Ils sont plus marqués avec le temps et lorsque le milieu de culture synthétique est remplacé par l'eau pure. Cependant, l'observation microscopique a révélé une différence à l'échelle cellulaire : plasmolysse dans le cas du Cu et turgescence dans le cas du Cd. Il est démontré aussi que pour ces deux métaux et chez ces deux espèces, la bioaccumulation a lieu essentiellement dans les racines et que l'addition du diéthyldithiocarbanate de sodium (DDTC) dans le milieu réduit nettement cette bioaccumulation. Au cours de ce travail, il a été mis au point une méthode de dosage du Cu et du Cd dnas les tissus végétaux par CLHP. L'élaboration d'un modèle de chaîne trophique a révélé que le Cd ingéré par le poisson Ctenopharyngodon idella via Spirodela polyrhiza est éliminé en grande partie dans les fecès au cours de la première semaine. L'analyse en composantes principales a montré que le métal est surtout accumulé dans les viscères mais très peu dans la chair et les branchies du poisson.
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Silveira, Aline Flores [UNESP]. "Material aderido à macrófitas aquáticas submersas enraizadas com arquiteturas de ramo distintas e em diferentes tipos de água." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152863.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Uma forma de compreender e caracterizar a importância ecológica das macrófitas aquáticas é através do delineamento das diferenças morfológicas das plantas e da quantificação de sua complexidade. As macrófitas podem atuar como estruturas retentoras de partículas em suspensão controlando a quantidade de material em suspensão na água, além de servirem como substrato para a colonização e crescimento do perifíton. Neste estudo foram utilizadas duas macrófitas aquáticas: Cabomba furcata Schult. & Schult. e Egeria densa Planch, encontradas na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Itanhaém. O objetivo geral foi avaliar se a capacidade de retenção de material varia entre macrófitas aquáticas com arquitetura de ramo distintas e se há variação na capacidade de retenção de material de C. furcata em rios com características limnológicas distintas. A coleta foi realizada em duas áreas no Rio Branco (A e B) e uma área no Rio Preto (C). Amostras de água e sedimento foram coletadas para análises limnológicas. Ramos de C. furcata e E.densa no Rio Branco e ramos de C. furcata no rio Preto foram coletados para a descrição de sua arquitetura e para a quantificação do material aderido. Em laboratório foram realizadas análises das variáveis limnológicas e do conteúdo de nitrogênio e fósforo total na biomassa das macrófitas e no material aderido. Para a caracterização ambiental das áreas de coleta, foram comparados os resultados das variáveis limnológicas medidas em cada área estudada. Para testar a diferença significativa entre as áreas A e C, foi aplicado o teste-t (p<0,05) às variáveis limnológicas. O teste Mann-Whitney foi aplicado às variáveis de C. furcata, E. densa e às variáveis do material aderido coletadas no Rio Branco. O mesmo teste foi utilizado para a comparação entre C. furcata e material aderido em rios distintos. Os valores das variáveis limnológicas do Rio Branco foram similares nas áreas A e B. A quantidade de material em suspensão na água foi maior (p<0,001) no Rio Branco quando comparado ao Rio Preto. Porém, a matéria orgânica contida no sedimento do Rio Branco foi menor (p: 0,005) do que a contida no sedimento do Rio Preto. Por outro lado, os teores de nitrogênio e fósforo total da água e do sedimento não apresentaram diferença significativa. C. furcata e E.densa apresentaram diferenças na arquitetura do ramo (p<0,05), indicando uma maior complexidade do ramo para C. furcata. C. furcata de rios distintos apresentou pequenas variações na sua morfologia. Apesar da C. furcata apresentar maior área total do ramo do que E. densa, a quantidade de material aderido por ramo de C. furcata foi menor (p: 0,001). A quantidade de material aderido à C. furcata no Rio Branco foi menor (p:0,0251) do que à C. furcata no Rio Preto. De modo geral, a quantidade de material aderido às macrófitas em ambientes lóticos pode ser positiva, negativa ou neutra às macrófitas e pode estar associada à complexidade da arquitetura do ramo desses organismos. Todavia, neste estudo a relação entre as espécies de macrófitas aquáticas avaliadas e o material aderido é neutra. Desta maneira, essas espécies podem ser consideradas apenas como um substrato para o acúmulo de material aderido, pois não foram encontradas relações positivas ou negativas com esse material.
One way to understand and characterize the ecological importance of aquatic macrophytes is to delineate the morphological differences of plants and quantify its complexity. Aquatic macrophytes can act as suspended particulate retentive structures by controlling the amount of suspended material on the water and serve as a substrate for the colonization and growth of the periphyton. Two aquatic macrophytes were used in this study: Cabomba furcata Schult. & Schult. and Egeria densa Planch, bouth are found in the Itanhaém River Basin. The aim of this research was to evaluate if the retention capacity of material varies between aquatic macrophytes with different branch architecture and if there is variation in the material retention capacity of Cabomba furcata in rivers with different limnological characteristics. The sample were collected in two areas in Branco River (A and B) and one area in Preto River (C). Water and sediment samples were collected for limnological analysis. C. furcata and E. densa branches were collected in Branco River for the description of the branch architecture and for the quantification of the attached material. In the same way, branches of C. furcata were collected in Preto River for the same purpose. In laboratory, analyzes of the limnological variables, the nitrogen and total phosphorus content in the macrophytes biomass and the attached material were performed. For the environmental characterization of the study areas, the results of the limnological variables measured in each studied area were compared. To test the significant difference between areas A and C, the t-test (p <0.05) was applied to the limnological variables. The Mann-Witney test was used for the variables of C. furcata, E. densa and attached material collected in Rio Branco. The same test was applied for the comparison between C. furcata and attached material from different rivers. The values of the limnological variables of Branco River were similar in areas A and B. The amount of suspended material in water was higher (p <0.001) in Branco River when compared to Preto River. However, the organic matter contained in Branco River sediment was lower (p: 0.005) than the one contained in Preto River sediment. On the other hand, nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of water and sediment did not present a significant difference. C. furcata and E. densa presented differences in the branch architecture (p <0.05), indicating a greater branch complexity for C. furcata. C. furcata of distinct rivers showed small variations in its morphology. Although C. furcata had a larger branch total area than E. densa, the amount of attached material per branch of C. furcata was lower (p: 0.001). The amount of attached material to C. furcata in Branco River was lower. In general, the amount of attached material on the macrophytes in lotic environments may be positive, negative or neutral to the macrophytes and may be associated with the complexity of the macrophytes architecture. However, in this study, the relationship between the species of aquatic macrophytes evaluated and the attached material is neutral, so that these species can only be considered as a substrate for the accumulation of attached material, not having a positive or negative relation with this material.
CNPq: 130835/2016-1
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Gimenes, Karen Zauner. "Aspectos cinéticos da degradação aeróbia e anaeróbia de Cyperus giganteus, Eichhornia azurea e Egeria najas da lagoa do Óleo (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2038.
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-10Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
This study aimed to assess the effects of temperature on different aspects of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of aquatic macrophytes from different ecological groups: Cyperus giganteus (emergent), Eichhornia azurea (fixed floating) and Egeria najas (submerged). Considering these purposes, the carbon balance and mass decay, the cellulase and peroxidase activity in the degradation of cellulose and lignin, the oxygen consumption, as well as changes in pH, conductivity and humification degree caused by decomposition in the environment were analysed. In laboratory, decomposition chambers containing aquatic macrophyte and water samples were prepared and maintained under controlled conditions according to the experimental design. The results showed that: (i) temperature changes affected the mass loss coefficients of labile/soluble fractions of debris, but did not alter the mass loss coefficients of refractory fraction; (ii) the temperature increase accelerated the cellulose decay of E. azurea and E. najas detritus, being indifferent to those of C. giganteus; increased the lignin decay of C. giganteus and E. najas debris, although there was no lignin degradation of E. azurea within the experimental period; increased the peroxidase activity of the three species selected detritus and of the cellulase of C. giganteus and E. najas detritus, having the opposite effect on E. azurea debris; led to an increase in oxygen consumption in C. giganteus and E. azurea debris decomposition, having the opposite effect on E. najas decomposition; (iii) regardless to temperature, the content of particulate organic carbon and the half-life times were lower for submerged species and higher for the emerging one, which showed the highest contents of cellulose and lignin; (iv) the E. najas decomposition presented the highest dissolved oxygen consumption in the shortest time; (v) the mass loss of macrophytes detritus were faster under aerobic than under anaerobic condition.
Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar os efeitos da temperatura em diferentes aspectos da degradação aeróbia e anaeróbia de macrófitas aquáticas de diferentes grupos ecológicos: Cyperus giganteus (emergente), Eichhornia azurea (flutuante fixa) e Egeria najas (submersa). Para tanto, foram analisados o balanço de carbono e perda de massa, a atividade das enzimas celulase e peroxidase na degradação da celulose e da lignina, o consumo de oxigênio, bem como alterações de pH, condutividade e grau de humificação causadas pela decomposição no meio. Em laboratório, câmaras de decomposição contendo amostras de macrófita e água foram preparadas e mantidas em condições controladas conforme o delineamento experimental. Os resultados permitiram concluir que: (i) a variação de temperatura interferiu nos coeficientes de perda de massa da fração lábil/solúvel do detrito, mas não alterou os coeficientes de perda de massa da fração refratária; (ii) o aumento da temperatura acelerou o decaimento da celulose dos detritos de E. azurea e E. najas, sendo indiferente para os de C. giganteus; incrementou o decaimento da lignina dos detritos de C. giganteus e E. najas, embora não tenha sido observada a degradação da lignina nos detritos de E. azurea no período experimental; elevou a atividade da peroxidase nos detritos das três espécies selecionadas e da celulase nos detritos de C. giganteus e E. najas, tendo o efeito oposto nos detritos de E. azurea; levou a um aumento no consumo de oxigênio na decomposição dos detritos de C. giganteus e E. azurea, tendo efeito oposto na decomposição de E. najas; (iii) independentemente da temperatura, os teores de carbono orgânico particulado refratário e os tempos de meia-vida foram menores para a espécie submersa e maiores para a emergente, que apresentou os maiores teores de celulose e lignina; (iv) a decomposição de E. najas foi a que apresentou os maiores consumos de oxigênio dissolvido no espaço mais curto de tempo; (v) a perda de massa dos detritos das macrófitas ocorreu mais rapidamente sob condição aeróbia do que sob anaeróbia. Palavras-chave: celulose. celulase. lignina. peroxidase. temperatura. 8
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Lewis, Heidi Diane. "Speaking Out of the Dust: Religious Reenactments with the Specific Iconic Identity of Place." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/505.
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Sometimes, the place where a play is performed is as important as or more important than the play itself. The first known theatrical rituals were performed in spaces which came to hold deep religious significance. Many religious traditions regard certain places as sacred because of spiritually significant events which took place there, sometimes involving the presence of Deity. In an effort to build on that sacrality, sometimes religious cultures bring theatre to these spaces, which, in turn, tend to alter the nature of the theatrical event. This seems especially true in regards to theatre which presents a re-enactment of the events which originally sacralized the performance space. Creating a theatrical performance at the same space, and recreating the same event which made the space sacred in the first place, gives the theatrical event a reflexive quality which performances in a space designated for theatre do not have. The Passion of Osiris in Ancient Egypt and the celebrations and commemorations of the early Christian Church are two examples of theatrical reenactments of sacred events in sacred spaces. Although such performances have been uncommon since those of the early Christians, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints offers two comparable performances today (the Hill Cumorah Pageant and the Nauvoo Pageant); they are also reenactments of sacred events framed by the sacred spaces where they originally occurred. The main commonality of my focus is the sacred physical space which frames each of the performances as a sort of ethereal proscenium arch or a silent witness of sacred events.
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Stewart, Annabelle Greer. "Dibblers on the Jurien islands : the influence of burrowing seabirds and the potential for competition from other species." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0066.
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[Truncated abstract] The dibbler, Parantechinus apicalis, is an endangered marsupial that exists on Boullanger, Whitlock and Escape islands off Jurien Bay in Western Australia. The introduced house mouse, Mus domesticus, exists on Boullanger and Whitlock islands, and the King’s skink, Egernia kingii, inhabits Boullanger and Escape islands. The grey-bellied dunnart, Sminthopsis griseoventer, exists on Boullanger Island. Over the last 150 years, the wedge-tailed shearwater, Puffinus pacificus, has colonised the islands to varying degrees. The interaction between dibblers and other island species is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the main factors regulating the dynamics of mammals, and in particular dibblers, on the Jurien islands. This was achieved by examining the effect of seabirds, the competitive interactions between species living on the islands, and seasonal changes in the environment. Animals were trapped for a period of 30 months, and their population structure, body condition, longevity, habitat preferences, diet and ecophysiology were examined. The results presented support the theory that by increasing soil nutrient concentrations, burrowing seabirds increase the primary productivity of islands, which has flow on effects to other trophic levels. Densities of seabirds and soil nutrient concentrations were highest on Whitlock Island, intermediate on Escape Island, and lowest on Boullanger Island . . .Thirty-five percent of dibblers on Escape Island were missing their tail or a limb, probably as a result of aggression from King’s skinks. Competition from high numbers of house mice on Boullanger Island, and from high numbers of King’s skinks on Escape Island, may increase the occurrence of male die-off on these islands. The better body condition and greater longevity of dibblers on Whitlock Island, despite high numbers of house mice, suggests that abundant resources are available to sustain both species. This study demonstrates that high densities of seabirds positively affect the population dynamics of mammals on the Jurien islands. Burrowing seabirds appear to influence the dynamics of dibblers more so than competition from house mice or King’s skinks. The findings from this study will assist the Dibbler Recovery Team with future management decisions regarding the viability of dibblers on the Jurien islands, and with decisions regarding the necessity to control house mouse numbers in the presence of native species.
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Bellamy, Robyn Lyle. "Life history and chemosensory communication in the social Australian lizard, Egernia Whitii." 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au/local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070514.163902/index.html.
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Halliwell, B. "Behaviour, ecology and social organisation in Liopholis whitii: insights into the evolutionary origins of sociality." Thesis, 2017. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23828/1/Halliwell_whole_thesis-ex_pub_mat.pdf.
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Sociality is one of the most captivating properties of animal life, encompassing a remarkable diversity of behaviour. As well as varying greatly in form and function, social organisation is taxonomically widespread, indicating convergent benefits of group living. The centrality of social interactions in many ecological processes also makes social organization crucial to our understanding of a range of evolutionary principles. Despite this, both the mechanisms by which natural selection has led to diversity in social systems, and the conditions promoting the initial emergence of group living, remain unclear. If we are to understand how sociality emerges and diversifies over evolutionary time we need an integrated approach that identifies the causes and consequences of variation in social and mating behaviour in ecological settings, and relate this variation to the selective forces modulating social complexity.
Reptiles have recently been highlighted as a valuable system to address questions about the evolution of sociality. One lineage in particular, the Egernia skinks of Australia, display considerable variation in social organization, with species representing a continuum of social complexity from solitary living to large communal family groups. This variation in social complexity is matched by parallel variation in rates of genetic monogamy, implicating mating behaviour in the evolutionary forces driving diversity in social traits. Studies suggest that diversification in social and mating behaviour across the group are the result of variation in ecological conditions, specifically variation in the distribution and availability of suitable habitat. However experimental studies evaluating the ecological context dependence of social and mating behaviour are lacking. My PhD had two primary aims. First, to experimentally evaluate the influence of key habitat characteristics on the social and mating behaviour of a family living Egernia skink, Liopholis whitii. Second, to translate this mechanistic understanding of behavioural variation to the processes underlying diversification of social organization more generally. This allowed me to connect processes occurring across levels of biological organization, contributing to a more holistic understanding of the emergence, maintenance and diversification of social living.
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Chapple, David G. "Evolutionary ecology and molecular phylogenetics of the Egernia whitii (Lacertilia : Scincidae) species group." Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146237.
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Botterill-James, TE. "The early evolution of family life." Thesis, 2019. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/32576/1/Botterill_James_whole_thesis.pdf.
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Family living is a key life history characteristic of many species throughout the animal kingdom and is a fundamental early step in the ‘major evolutionary transition’ to eusociality. To date, most research on family living has focussed on (1) the role of parent-offspring interactions in the maintenance of family groups, and (2), studied such interactions in highly complex social systems that are often found in birds, mammals and eusocial insects. As a consequence, there is currently an incomplete understanding of the processes responsible for the evolutionary emergence and maintenance of simple family groups that form the platform for the evolution of more complex social systems. My thesis uses a family-living lizard, Liopholis whitii, that displays long-term, stable male-female pair bonds and prolonged parent-offspring associations to provide insights into this knowledge gap. Specifically, I quantify the extent of conflict between different dyads within families (i.e., compare levels of sexual, parent-offspring and sibling conflict), and experimentally show how female mating patterns and food availability influence the extent of conflict between different family dyads and the consequences for family structure. I show (1) that conflict is high between monogamous pairs, fathers and offspring, and between siblings, but virtually non-existent between mothers and offspring, (2) that conflict is increased between monogamous pairs when females undertake extra-pair matings, and (3) that there is no effect of food availability or sibling relatedness on sibling conflict. Combined with previous research in this species that demonstrates high paternal aggression towards extra-pair offspring, these results suggest that genetic monogamy, but not food availability, is crucial to stabilising family life in L. whitii, by reducing conflict between monogamous pairs and between fathers and offspring. I complemented these experiments on L. whitii with an investigation of how genetic relatedness and food availability shape sibling conflict in another facultatively family living species, the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespillloides. In contrast to the lizards, I found no effect of genetic relatedness, but an effect of food availability, on the level of begging between siblings. Finally, I investigated how parental effects mediate conflict between family members in a more indirect and complex manner. Specifically, I used a meta-analytical and comparative approach across bird species to examine the consequences of a parentally controlled trait, asynchronous hatching of offspring, for the fitness of different family members. I find evidence that hatching asynchrony benefits parents by reducing their parental effort, but at a cost to last hatched offspring. Overall, my thesis highlights that examining all dyadic relationships within simple family groups and incorporating parental effects is crucial for research that aims to build a detailed and holistic picture of the early evolution of family life, and subsequent evolution of more complex sociality.
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While, Geoffrey Malcolm. "The causes and consequences of social structuring in Egernia whitii : implications for understanding the evolution of sociality." Thesis, 2009. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/22235/1/whole_WhileGeoffreyMalcolm2009_thesis.pdf.
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The evolution of sociality in animals is of widespread interest to evolutionary
biologists; however, in the majority of systems relatively little is known about the
ultimate causes of sociality. To address this, it is becoming increasingly clear that
comparisons betwee~ tax~ could allow us to identify general principals relating to
social evolution. Reptiles have typically been ignored as model organisms for the
study of social evolution, largely because they have traditionally been considered
asocial. However, recent work suggests that sociality may be more widespread in
reptiles than previously thought. Australian lizards in the genus Egernia are among
the most social of all reptiles, with reports of social aggregations documented for the
majority of currently recognised species. Furthennore, the size, complexity, and
stability of these aggregations appear to vary considerably both among and within
species. This diversity in sociality, coupled with the monophyletic status of the
lineage and the presence of a well resolved phylogeny, makes Egernia an ideal
lineage in which to examine social evolution. The primary aim of my PhD was to
examine the causes and consequences of social evolution within a Tasmanian
population of White's skink (Egernia whitii). To achieve this, I undertook a holistic
examination of social behaviour; integrating a documentation of the patterns of social
organisation within a natural population of E. whitii with hypothesis driven
experimental work examining key behavioural traits associated with sociality.
The first section of my PhD focussed on gaining a sound understanding of the social
and mating system of a natural population of E. whitii, which I used to fonn the basis
of experimental work. I integrated an intensive 3-year, field-based examination: of
social spacing and offspring dispersal with molecular analyses of paternity. I show
that Tasmanian E. whitii live in small stable family groups consisting of an adult
male, their female partner(s) and offspring, similar to mainland populations. In
addition, while the mating system was characterised by considerable genetic
monogamy, extra-pair fertilisations were relatively common, with 34% of litters
containing offspring sired by males from outside the social group. However,
although the basic characteristics of the social system (adult pair bonds and delayed
juvenile dispersal) were somewhat fixed within this population, traits related to
social organisation (social group composition, group size, timing of offspring
dispersal, group stability, and level of extra-pair paternity) varied considerably
within and among individuals. Similar levels of variation in "social strategies" have
been identified within other populations of Egernia whitii and in other species within
the genus. Therefore, while the basic characteristics within Egernia may be relatively
fixed, the result of previous selective regimes, these results suggest that the within
population variation in social behaviour represent a flexible and potentially adaptive
adjustment to local conditions.
In the second section of my PhD, I examined the mechanisms underlying variation in
social strategies by documenting the links between consistent individual variation in
behaviour (i.e., an individual's behavioural phenotype) and variation in social and
reproductive parameters. I examined consistency in conspecific aggression. As
Egernia populations are typically highly saturated and characterised by intense
competition over limited resources (mainly permanent shelter sites), high levels of
conspecific aggression, and high juvenile mortality, "aggression is likely to represent
an ecologically important behavioural trait which may influence the development
and maintenance of variation in social strategies (including parental care). To test
this, I phenotyped 90% of the adult population for aggression at three time periods
during my final field season. Individuals exhibited highly consistent aggressive
phenotypes, with an individual's aggression phenotype having a number of sexspecific effects
on social organisation.
While there appeared to be a limited effect ofaggression on male social strategies,
there was a pronounced effect of aggression on
female social strategies. Specifically, female aggression influenced the proportion of
offspring sired by extra-pair males within a litter, with aggressive females haying a
greater proportion of their litter sired by extra-pair males compared to less aggressive
female's, whose litter was more likely to contain offspring sired by their social
partner. Additionally, although consistent variation in female aggression was
maintained at the individual level (i.e., relative aggression ranks were consistent), at
the population level there was a significant increase in aggression throughout
gestation that was maintained post-partum. These results demonstrate a potentially
adaptive pattern of maternal care in Egernia, which could influence offspring fitness
through protection from conspecific aggression. In support ofthis suggestion we
found that a female's aggressive phenotype was an important predictor of offspring
survival in the first year following birth.
The final section of my PhD complemented the field-based examination of sociality
with experimental tests of birthing asynchrony, a unique characteristic of the Egernia
lineage that may have evolved in association with sociality. I documented birthing
asynchrony, a unique behaviour within reptiles in which females give birth to
offspring over an extended period of time. Specifically, I documented the prevalence
of birthing asynchrony within my population of Egernia whitii, the mechanisms by
which asynchronous birth is achieved, the potential adaptive ·basis of birthing
asynchrony, and the environmental factors that influence plasticity in birthing
asynchrony behaviour. I found that females gave birth to offspring asynchronously in
100% of litters (over two reproductive seasons), with an average of two days
between each birth. Furthermore, birthing asynchrony was not due to constraints on
asynchronous offspring development (i.e., ovulation and embryo development of all
offspring within a litter occur synchronously) but rather females retained offspring
despite them being fully developed, suggesting that birthing asynchrony may have an
adaptive explanation. To test the adaptive value of birthing asynchrony, I
experimentally manipulated the level of asynchrony within litters and examined its
effect on offspring growth and survival. Offspring from asynchronous treatments
suffered increased mortality but benefited from incn~ased size compared to offspring
in synchronous treatments, and these differences in mortality and size were driven by
the development of a greater litter mass hierarchy within asynchronous compared to
synchronous litters. Due to the highly competitive nature of Egernia social systems,
birthing asynchrony may provide a mechanism by which females maximise offspring
fitness through increased survival or growth. Finally, I examined the extent to which
females facultatively adjust their degree of birthing asynchrony by experimentally
manipulating female access to basking during gestation. Females held under reduced
basking conditions increased the spread over which they gave birth compared to
females held under extended basking conditions. As birth spread can influence
offspring growth and survival, these results suggest that there should be strong
selection on female behaviour (basking and birthing) in order to maximise offspring
and/or parental fitness.
This study confirins that Egernia whitii live in small, stable social groups comprising
of an adult pair and their offspring. However, it also highlights the considerable
individual variation in social organisation, the causes and consequences of which I
begin to explore. While more work is required to understand the links between all
components of the social system, this work makes significant advances towards a
more comprehensive understanding of sociality within Egernia. From this
foundation, a conceptual framework relating to the evolution and maintenance of
variation in social organisation within Egernia can be developed. It is crucial that
future work based on this framework takes a hypothesis driven experimental
approach to examine and manipulate the key factors affecting the costs and benefits
of group living. In doing so, we will gain a greater understanding of the causes and
consequences of individual variation in social strategies and the extent to which they
can explain the diversity in social organisation within this and other family forming
taxa.
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Wu, Pei-Chia, and 吳珮佳. "Remove phosphorus from water by submerged macrophyte, Egeria densa Planch." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90608600272277350432.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
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A lab-scale experiment, ignoring microbial effect and soil adsorption, was investigated to remove phosphorus from water by submerged macrophyte, Egeria densa Planch, in order to realize the position of submerged macrophyte in wetlands, and provide some suggestions for subsequent wetland design or plant application in littoral construction. Egeria densa Planch is a kind of perennial plant. It has been naturalized in Taiwan for many years, so it can easily be found around ditches, especially in north districts like Ilan County. Egeria densa Planch often grows in ditches, ponds, and rice paddies. When HRT (hydraulic retention time) is 9 days, mean temperature is 29.4℃, and initial concentration of phosphorus is 0.36mM, the experimental results of the percent of orthophosphate and TP removed are 27.1﹪and 26.9﹪, respectively. In the same condition but initial concentration of phosphorus being 0.27mM, the experimental results of the percent of orthophosphate and TP removed are 39.8﹪and 33.3﹪, respectively. In the aquatic system with Egeria densa Planch, dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved oxygen saturation were higher than those of aquatic system without Egeria densa Planch. Further, DO of the aquatic system with Egeria densa Planch was so high that it could exceed saturated DO at that temperature. In the similarly initial condition, orthophosphate and TP were both removed better at lower mean temperature (≒25℃) than higher mean temperature (≒30℃). Further, at higher mean temperature (≒30℃), the removal effect of orthophosphate and TP was less than a half of that at lower mean temperature (≒25℃). In addition, pH is one of the factors that can affect phosphorus to be used by Egeria densa Planch. The more pH increases, the more ability of Egeria densa Planch to uptake phosphorus will decrease.
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Freitas, João Vitor Oliveira. "Influência da macrófita invasora Egeria densa na comunidade de macroinvertebrados." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/65918.
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Dissertação de mestrado em EcologiaA macrófita Egeria densa foi recentemente introduzida no Rio Neiva em Portugal e devido à sua grande capacidade de dispersão e facilidade de colonizar novas áreas é atualmente dominante em algumas zonas do rio e em outras zonas coocorre com a macrófita nativa Myriophyllum verticillatum. Assim sendo, este estudo teve como objetivo principal avaliar a influência da macrófita E. densa nas comunidades de macroinvertebrados através de uma abordagem taxonómica (abundância, riqueza de espécies, diversidade de Shannon-Wiener e equitabilidade de Pielou) e funcional (diversidade funcional FRAO e CWM). Para isso, foram selecionados 2 locais lóticos no Rio Neiva onde E. densa e M. verticillatum ocorrem. Nestes locais foram amostradas as comunidades de macroinvertebrados em 3 tratamentos: tratamento controlo (áreas sem plantas), tratamento nativa (áreas de planta nativa) e tratamento invasora (áreas de planta invasora). As amostragens foram realizadas no verão e no inverno para avaliar a influência das macrófitas ao longo do tempo. Foi também analisada a complexidade estrutural de ambas as macrófitas através da dimensão fractal, e a granulometria e quantidade de matéria orgânica no sedimento nos 3 tratamentos. Egeria densa apresentou uma estrutura morfológica menos complexa que M. verticillatum, com uma dimensão fractal de perímetro inferior, e acumulou mais sedimentos finos em ambos os períodos do ano e locais. Apesar das manchas de macrófita nativa serem mais pequenas a comunidade de macroinvertebrados nesta planta apresentou maior abundância e riqueza. No entanto, foi uma comunidade funcionalmente menos diversa, com menor equitabilidade, com organismos pequenos, raspadores, com curto ciclo de vida e que preferem habitats lóticos. A macrófita E. densa apresentou uma comunidade com maior equitabilidade, funcionalmente mais diversa, com organismos de maiores dimensões, incluindo predadores, e funcionou como refúgio contra a corrente do rio fornecendo habitat a macroinvertebrados que preferem habitats mais lênticos. Generalizando, E. densa aumenta a heterogeneidade de habitat, tem um papel importante em manter a diversidade funcional de macroinvertebrados fornecendo habitat colonizável para grupos de macroinvertebrados que têm mais dificuldade em colonizar a macrófita nativa. No entanto, se E. densa substituir completamente a macrófita nativa é provável que a heterogeneidade do habitat diminua podendo impactar negativamente as comunidades. Além disto, a capacidade que esta espécie tem de diminuir o fluxo de água poderá causar condições de anóxia e diminuir o nível da água. Este estudo é um dos primeiros a avaliar a influência da dimensão fractal de uma macrófita invasora em comunidades de macroinvertebrados através de abordagens taxonómicas e funcionais. Esta abordagem é promissora uma vez que a componente funcional identificou padrões que a vertente taxonómica não identificou e ainda detetou uma clara influência da dimensão fractal das macrófitas tanto nos resultados taxonómicos como funcionais.
The invasive macrophyte Egeria densa was recently introduced in Neiva River, Portugal. Due to its easy dispersion and high capacity of colonizing new areas, E. densa has become the dominant macrophyte in some zones of the river while co-ocurring with the native Myriophyllum verticillatum in others. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of E. densa on macroinvertebrate communities through a taxonomical (abundance, species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou evenness) and a functional (FRAO functional diversity and CWM) approach. For this, two lotic sites in Neiva River where both E. densa and M. verticillatum occur were selected. In these sites, macroinvertebrate communities were sampled according to 3 treatments: control treatment (areas without plants), native treatment (areas with M. verticillatum) and invasive treatment (areas with E. densa). Samplings took place in the summer and winter in order to evaluate macrophytes’ influence through time. Macrophytes’ structural complexity was analyzed through their fractal dimension. Granulometry and organic matter content of the sediment associated with each treatment was also analyzed. Egeria densa had a lower morphological complexity than M. verticillatum, presenting a lower boundary fractal dimension. This macrophyte also accumulated a higher percentage of fine sediment in both sampling periods of the year and sites. Even though M. verticillatum beds were smaller, the macroinvertebrate community associated with this macrophyte was more abundant and had higher richness values. Nonetheless, this community presented lower evenness and functional diversity values, being dominated by smaller organisms, that are scrappers, that have short life spans and that prefer lotic habitats. The macrophyte E. densa presented a community with higher evenness and functional diversity values and was colonized by larger macroinvertebrates that were often predators. This macrophyte worked as a refuge against current flow providing habitat to macroinvertebrates that prefer lentic habitats. In general, E. densa increased habitat heterogeneity, playing an important role in maintaining functional diversity by providing favorable habitat for macroinvertebrate taxa that have more difficulty in colonizing the native macrophyte species. Anyway, and if E. densa completely replaces the native macrophyte, the general habitat heterogeneity will probably decrease, which might be harmful for macroinvertebrate communities. The capacity that this invasive macrophyte presents in decrease current velocity might be harmful in a long-term perspective since it may cause anoxic conditions and decrease water level through the increase in sedimentation. This is one of the first studies to assess the influence of an invasive macrophyte’s fractal dimension on macroinvertebrate communities with both taxonomical and functional approaches. This proved to be a promising methodology considering that the functional approach identified patterns that were undetected by the taxonomical approach. Also, the macrophyte fractal dimension was clearly an important aspect to explain both taxonomical and functional results.
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Melkusová, Jitka. "Činohra Neues Deutsches Theater a Kleine Bühne v době působení ředitele Dr. Paula Egera (1932-1938)." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-268807.
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In the 1930ies prague had about a million citizens. Approximately 45 000 of them were native German speakers. Around a half of these were clerks and industrialists. Both scenes of the Prague German Theater had all together a capacity of 2100 spectators. This disproportion together with inadequate state funding led to the fact that the price of a regular ticket to the prague German Theater was four times higher than to other state and city theaters. Withal especially German theaters were exceptionally financially dependent on their spectators. Despite relatively high tickets costs the management of the theater usually regularly ended up with a deficit budget. The status of the Prague German Theater (apart from its operation) was incomparable with the status of the National Theater. National Theater was considered the most important stage in the republic, and was abundantly visited by nonPrague audiences as well. German citizens were converged especially near the Czech-German border where they had their own theaters, and where they were much closer to big German or Austrian towns than to Prague. In 1932 Dr. Paul Eger became the managing director of the prague German Theater. He had previously worked in prague between the years (1908 - 1911) when in charge of the theater was Angelo Neumann, and after his death...
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Oliveira, Rosa Manuela Barbosa. "O itinerário de Egéria [séc. IV] : olhares sobre um olhar." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/3666.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos Portugueses Multidisciplinares apresentada à Universidade AbertaWe intend to perform an exercise in systematic and pedagogical understanding that Egeria’s pilgrimage held in the fourth century and which resulted in an Itinerary which, though incomplete, arrived to the present day. We put so our “look”, trough the look of various authors, to give us back the experiences and the “look” of Egeria in a reality so different from ours.
Pretende-se realizar, com este trabalho, um exercício de sistematização e compreensão pedagógica da viagem que Egéria fez, no séc. IV e da qual resultou um Itinerário que, embora incompleto, chegou até aos nossos dias. Perspetivamos assim o nosso “olhar”, permeado pelos olhares de vários autores, no sentido de nos devolver as vivências e o “olhar” de Egéria face a uma realidade tão distinta da nossa.
Nous avons l’intention de procéder a une exercice de compréhension systématique et pédagogique du voyage qu’Égérie a realisé au quatrième siécle, et qui a abouti à un itinéraire qui, bien qu’incomplète, est arrivé à nos jours. Nous concevons donc notre “regard”, parmi les “regards” de diferents auteurs, pour nous redonner l’expérience et le regard d’Égérie, à partir d’une réalité si différente de la nôtre.
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Kassebaum, Christian [Verfasser]. "Exploration von Trinkwasser aus geklüftetem Hauptdolomit in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen : Rottach-Egern/Kreuth (Lkr. Miesbach, Bayern) und Reit im Winkel (Lkr. Traunstein, Bayern) / von Christian Kassebaum." 2007. http://d-nb.info/985411929/34.
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