Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Égalité des sexes – Palestine'
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Arar, Rania. "Étude de l'inégalité de genre dans les espaces publics urbains à travers l'approche des capacités : Une étude de cas de Ramallah, Palestine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALH018.
Full textUrban public spaces play a crucial role in enhancing human well-being through social interactions, cultural enrichment, and overall health. However, the challenges posed by rapid urbanization worldwide and limited access to these spaces disproportionately affect vulnerable groups and perpetuate inequalities, particularly in the developing world. Gender inequality in urban public spaces, deeply rooted in socio-cultural, political, and economic factors, poses a significant threat to human well-being, especially for women who, on one hand, face security challenges in public spaces and, on the other hand, encounter accessibility difficulties as they often serve as caregivers for children, older people, and individuals with disabilities. However, assessing human well-being requires addressing complex inequalities on different levels. The capability approach developed by Amartya Sen provides a comprehensive framework in this regard. To practically address gender inequality and evaluate women's well-being, the case study of Ramallah City in Palestine was chosen for its complex challenges, including geopolitical circumstances, patriarchal domination, economic difficulties, population growth, and rapid urbanization. Gender inequality in Ramallah’s public spaces is primarily manifested in the limited accessibility to public spaces due to the lack of available public infrastructure, the insufficient security for women from violence in public, and the failure to recognize the crucial role of women as primary caregivers in society, contributing to gender role inequalities. The field study revealed a general lack of accessible public spaces in the city, coupled with a severe lack of inclusiveness in public infrastructure, exacerbating the gender gap in Palestine. The research concludes with proposals and recommendations encompassing improvements in the existing urban public spaces' physical, social, and environmental dimensions. It also underscores the urgent need for inclusive public spaces in Ramallah by increasing awareness about their value and concretely establishing pocket parks in city neighborhoods. The study results confirm that promoting gender-inclusive public spaces is not just a strategic step but a human right essential for the overall well-being of Palestinian women. Finally, the study further highlights the responsibility of decision-makers and individuals alike to ensure that such inclusive spaces are guaranteed and to recognize their pivotal role in promoting gender equality and human well-being
Micou, Evelyne. "L'égalité des sexes en droit privé." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0155.
Full textIn this thesis centred on french private law but supported by elements of compared law. The equality between men and women is considered through professional and family relationships. This numerous references are also made to penal law and international private law. This survery claims to be objective and aims - in the first partto recall the evolution that has come about, to record the means the legislator used to initiale legal equality between and women underlining the effectiveness but pointing out the limits too. The evaluation of legislative intervention, the revealing of legal and practical obstacles reducing the realization of equality between men and women are used as a medium in the second part. The concept of sex equality is studied and analyzed showing chose exemples to suggest an organization of the different technics used by the legislator or intented to be used by him. This organization would be more propitious to favour this equlality
Hammer-Bodelet, Sarah. "L'égalité des sexes en droit international privé." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUED005.
Full textThe principle of equality between men and women has been jeopardized through the rules of international private law. Actually, these rules recommend to attach the personal status of foreigners to their national law. On the other hand, the principle called attenuated public order exception allows the exequatur of foreign judgements even if they violate the French public order. Now, with the arrival and the settlement in France of Muslim people, the French judge has to face up with institutions that violate the principle of equality. That is the case with polygamy, repudiations and children custody. This work analyses the stance of the French tribunals and of the doctrine in respect with these institutions and the ways they uses to greet or to reject them. It eventually demonstrate that France must reject all these institutions by attaching the personal status to the law of the domicile
Fondimare, Elsa. "L'impossible indifférenciation : le principe d'égalité dans ses rapports à la différence des sexes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100070.
Full textMany political and legal discourses express today the fear that the equality principle would threaten the difference of sexes. Reforms such as the opening of marriage to same-sex couples, the fight against gender stereotypes or the facilitation of the sex reassignment procedure, generated strong reactions that offer vigorous resistance in order to maintain the difference of sexes in law. It is true that the equality principle has been constructed, throughout the 20thcentury, as an exigence of neutrality between the sexes, particularly through the statement of the non-discrimination principle. Therefore, the link between the equality principle and the difference of sexes has been built as a relation of opposition. However, such a political project comes up against the impossibility for the law to put an end to the difference of sexes. In fact, the law cannot depart from gender, for two main reasons: firstly, the law takes into account the difference of sexes in order to tackle inequalities; secondly, the law itself produces the difference of sexes, through the rules dealing with civil status and filiation. The relations between the equality principle and the difference of sexes appear here contradictory: on the one hand, the evolution of the conception of equality leads to admit the difference of sexes in order to deal with gender inequalities (relation of admission) whereas, on the other hand, the difference of sexes is excluded from an analysis in terms of equality, reinforcing the basis of gender inequalities (relation of exclusion)
Forgeau, Zerbib Fanny. "L' égalité des sexes institutionnalisée? : des politiques publiques aux rapports de séduction, un examen du modèle norvégien." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS016S.
Full textThe goal of this research is to analyse the efficiency of gender-oriented public policies in two different contexts: France and Norway. The focus is placed on the articulation between the institutional contexts and the private domain. In which way do relationships reveal the impact of the policies? Is gender equality institutionalised? The Norwegian welfare state is a great provider of gender-oriented legislations and, through it, guarantees a high level of equality in the professional and political spheres. The research is based on a comparison with France, and wonders whether the States’ efforts have similar impacts on representations and private relationships. The indicator of those relationships chosen for this thesis is seduction. The survey was conducted among 60 French and Norwegian people of both sexes of diverse ages and social origins. Articulated with the analysis of the public sphere, it shows that the Norwegian “model” of gender equality does not obtain the expected impact. It sheds new light on the efficiency of public policies while revealing the gender arrangements individuals mobilize in the seduction game
Jame, Shadi. "Le régime de la nationalité en droit syrien et en droit français : étude de droit comparé entre domination coloniale et droit international contemporain." Nantes, 2010. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=5e79d3da-f17a-45c4-9f09-c061d198569a.
Full textThe nationality is considered as the political and legal bond between the individual and the State. It is very important for the life of the individual, the State and the international community. In fact, the nationality determines the political status of the individuals (the civil rights) along their life and distinguishes them from the foreigners. The Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 states that "everyone has the right to have a nationality" a principal right attached to the individual in his personal life: without having this nationality he will not be able to acquire his essential rights of life. Today’s world is increasingly globalized where the contemporary societies interact easily and continuously. In this context comparative law makes it possible to better understand the issues relating to nationality, and more particularly to deal with the issues such as the nationality of children, equality between men and women, dual nationality and that of statelessness. This thesis deals with a study of comparative law between the French and Syrian nationality law. It underlines the influence of French law on the Syrian law in particular during the French mandate in Syria (from 1924 to 1951) and the constraints of international law. Syrian law of nationality has not changed since 1969. This study intends to propose several directions to allow this law to evolve in a more consistent way
Layet, Anne-Isabelle. "L'égalité femmes-hommes." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0002.
Full textWho would dare to pretend at present as being against gender equality ? The answer is nobody ; at least it is likely to believe so. Everybody is aware of the progress realised in this respect and seems to be glad about it. And there is no doubt that progresse are really considirable. Thus, women status has progressively become the concern of the international, european, communitarian and national politics. Gender inequality, as reflected by rule of law is replaced--in all the European countries--by gender equality in the rule of law. Insofar as the examination of the principle of gender equality should be limited to its literal analysis, no place should be left to any discussion and contrversy as to the general of the statement of formal gender equality. The interest, and substance of this subject resides in the fact that, regardless its legal regulation, the principle of gender equality encouters certain difficulties while being implemented
Sineau, Mariette. "La politique : un enjeu majeur dans les rapports de pouvoir entre sexes." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0004.
Full textChimot, Caroline. "Les dirigeantes dans les organisations sportives : le genre et le sport." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082629.
Full textAlthough the women’s practice of sports has developed and the proportion of women licensed in sports has increased over the last thirty years, women hare still mostly absent of managing positions, volunteer or paid, in federations or Olympic Sports Committee, and they stay a minority among all decision making positions – technical, administrative or electoral. Women leaders’ careers in sport organizations testify that such progression is possible, even if their presence is a “transgression”. It seems that trajectories of women leaders make one wonder about gender, and on a larger scale about social relationships between people. It also analyze the influence of family socialization, life in family sphere, institutional logics and people’s acts in the social change dynamics or its reproduction
Mespoulet, Valérie. "Femmes et espace social : un état de la question à Taïwan : des structures sociales traditionnelles aux changements récents : quelle appropriation légitime de cet espace par les Taïwanaises contemporaines ?" Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10007.
Full textChiang, Chen-Yin. "La participation des femmes taïwanaises à la vie politique et sociale : la carrière politique des législatrices." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082518.
Full textThe political participation is one of important indications to measure the process of participation of the citizenship. Taiwan has the highest percentage of women political participation (22,2%) in parliament in Asia. This research aims to find that those indications symbolize a real fact or simply an illusion ? What is the type that these women participate in the politics and what's their process in political socialization ? In this research we find five different types, "familial", "linkage with their husband", "decision by political machine", "participation spontaneity", and "Chüan-Tsun - village of garrison". These types present the process of political participation of Taiwanese women. Although Taiwanese women have an excellent note in politcs, they are still conservative when they are in the conflicts between political norm and gender norm in Legislative Yuan. At the same time, they cooperate frequently with the women organizations to reform the article of law for ameliorating the situation of women. Those female legislators who consider problems as the body security of women, the work of women, the inequity of the civil code, and the problems of marriage with the foreign women are the urgent issues for resolution of the Taiwanese women in the actual society
Rotkopf, Patricia. "Le principe de non-discrimination en raison du sexe." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA111005.
Full textSaboia, Vivian Aranha. "L' emploi des femmes et les politiques de l'emploi dans l'après fordisme : les expériences sociales-libérales en France et au Brésil entre 1995 et 2005." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082721.
Full textThis thesis analyses the links between women's employment and public policies of employment beyond fordisme and in a globalization context. Some of the most important public policies adopted in France and in Brazil, between 1995 and 2005, will be discussed. This work outlines the mains consequences of public policies of employment mostly on the relationship capital/work and on the relationship capital/labor of women. It also highlights that discrimination against women's employment results on the one hand of the process of valorisation, which promotes itself inequalities, and on the other hand of the social relationship construction between women and men, tagged by hierarchy and segregation. This construction has deeper roots which are influenced by the capital (via the State) and occurs in the labor market and the public policies, including the ones supposed favour gender equality
Sebnem, Cansun. "Démocratisation, égalité des sexes et implication des femmes en politique : le cas de deux partis politiques turcs, l'AKP et le CHP." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENH025.
Full textIn Turkey, the problematic of gender equality and the feminisation of the governing bodies have drawn more attention than ever in the context of democratisation. This thesis aims at assessing to what extent two ideologically different political parties differ from each another in their outlook on gender politics and women politicians. The two leading parties of the country, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (the JDP, the Justice and Development Party) of the center right and Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (The RPP, the Republican People’s Party) of the center left form our research cases. The analysis is based on two ideologically different dailies, Yeni Şafak (The New Dawn) and Cumhuriyet (The Republic), on party publications, programs, and statutes and on about fifty interviews. The conclusion shows that both the JDP and the RPP defend women’s cause. The JDP leaders take women’s problems as a domain where they can prove that they have departed their Islamist background. Being in office, the JDP makes a great effort in favor of women’s cause. However, in the JDP, there are members who have not yet internalized gender equality. The party’s discourse contains very conservative statements, and the JDP strongly opposes gender quotas. In the RPP, gender equality is imprinted in the party’s political culture, and reinforced by the endorsement of a gender quota in its statutes. However, women politicians are not as frequently promoted as we would anticipate. This research shows that, despite some evidence of ideological differences, in Turkey, the center left and right are not very different one from another in the implementation of their approach to women’s problems and to the promotion of women as politicians
Ramboarison-Lalao, Lovanirina. "Genre et gestion des ressources humaines : étude prospective de l'approche differenciée selon le genre." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/RAMBOARISON-LALAO_Lovanirina_2008.pdf.
Full textOur object of research concerns the study of the relevance of the Gender Mainstreaming approach in HRM. Reconsidering the universal model criticized by the feminist movements for its “apparent neutrality” in favour of a male domination, the first part of our thesis confronts two theoretical approaches of Human Resources Management which confront the monolithic base of the traditional HRM model : the management of diversity on the one hand, and the dual perspective of the Gender Mainstreaming approach in HRM, on the other hand. This dialectical analysis clarifies the relevance of the Gender Mainstreaming approach in HRM, which is the subject thereafter of an empirical confrontation in the second part of our thesis. Subsequently, the empirical prospective study restitutes the pertinence perceived of the emerging approach by 26 Human Resources Manager of companies located in Alsace. Using investigation per questionnaire supplemented by 14 in depth interviews, the findings of our empirical study suggest that as regards Human Resources Management, the monolithic model and the Gender Mainstreaming approach in HRM have to cohabit together to train “an eternal triangle” with the management of diversity
Pigeyre, Frédérique. "Socialisation différentielle des sexes : le cas des futures femmes cadres dans les grandes écoles d'ingénieurs et de gestion." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070002.
Full textMoreau, Marie-Pierre. "Comparer pour comprendre : la différentiation sexuée des parcours professionnels et familiaux des enseigant-e-s du second degré en France et en Angleterre." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20086.
Full textDrawing on gender theories, the sociology of occupations and cross-national comparative perspectives, this doctoral thesis endeavours to understand the construction of gender-differentiated career and personal paths among secondary school teachers in England and France. The analysis is based on primary data (over 60 semi-structured interviews with men and women teachers n both countries) and secondary data (statistical datasets, official reports, etc. ). Gender inequalities and their subjective construction by teachers require a combined analysis of the societal level (including the gendered norms of paid and unpaid work and work-life policies), the specific working conditions and career paths within the teaching profession, and individual biographies. Thanks to the articulation of these differents levels of analysis from a cross-national comparative perspective, the thesis underlines how gender inequalities are socially constructed. Although gender inequalities can be identified in teaching careers in both countries, they nevertheless take different forms according to the national context. The thesis analyses the mechanisms behind the reproduction of gender structures, as well as those leading to their transformation, showing that inequalities between men and women are not inevitable
Pionchon, Sylvie. "Les femmes et la politique : éléments d'explication d'une sous-représentation." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21023.
Full textAurouet-Himeur, Aurélie. "L'égalité professionnelle homme-femme : étude de droit français et algérien." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1001/document.
Full textOur century established the principle of professional equality between women and men. A comparative study in France and Algeria, two distinct legal systems, allows us to underline both theoretical and practical aspects. Can the distinction between East and West impact on the achievement of professional equality between the sexes? Another study reveals a clear convergence. Legal equality between the sexes is recognized in french and Algerian law (Part 1). The pervasiveness and complexity of the concept will be shown. Ensues international and national recognition of the principle, which was to ignore the cultural considerations. However the findings of unegalitarian situations remain. Although the principle is extended, the relative significance of the principle asserts (Part 2). The search for a social balance between men and women progresses in order to ensure effective the principle
Berger-Beche, Stéphanie. "L'organisation de la protection juridique des femmes victimes de violences." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33016.
Full textThe women are particularly exposed with certain forms of violence. Under the terms of ONU General Assembly's Declaration 20th December 1993, this means the acts of violence directed against the female sex and causing or being able to cause to women an injury, a damage or physical, sexual or psychological sufferings, including the threat of such acts, the constraint or the arbitrary deprivation of freedom, whether in public life or in private life. It is within their love life that the women undergo the most psychological, physical and sexual violences. The concept of violence is broad since it includes at the same time the physical aggressions and the psychological pressures. This is particularly true about sexual violences which from now on include behaviours that don't require any physical contact between the author and the victim. These violences cannot be regarded as simply accidental in the relation between individuals but they must rather be apprehended like resting on historical, cultural, social and psychological factors. Indeed, each society invents cultural constructions which combine variously the female kind and the masculine kind. Thus, more than violences undergone by the women, it is a question of treating violences undergone by the female kind. This is why, to fight as well as possible against violences undergone by women, it is advisable to gum any trace of inequalities. Initially, a strict equality between men and women were stated. But the proclamation of the formal equality appeared insufficient for a concrete realization. That's why, for a few years, a specific policy in favour of women - including positive actions in their favour - has been developed. The protection of the women also passes by the criminal sanction of the author. This assertion can appear curious insofar as the first finality of the criminal sanction consists more in punishing the delinquent than in protecting the victim. However, the infringements indicate always more specifically the personal impact undergone by the victim. Moreover, for a few years, to place the victim in the centre of criminal procedure has become one of the top priorities of the legislator
Lentillon, Vanessa. "Les inégalités intersexes en EPS : injustices perçues chez les élèves à l'égard des notes, des interventions de l'enseignant et des interactions entre pairs." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10081.
Full textRajasingam, Pathiraj Valérie. "Les atteintes au corps féminin." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082950.
Full textThis study concerns actual questions in physical acts of violence towards the women. The legislator was intervened again and again to suppress acts of violence made to the women, like female genital mutilations, forced pregnancy, intimate partner violence, sexual harassment at job, sexual exploitation, procuring and rapes with differentiation between rape in peacetime and in times of war. These physical attacks are volunteers and make obstacles to the realization of the objectives of equality between sexes. Violence against women is a serious obstacle to equality between women and men, and perpetuates inequality. Domestic violence is also very serious. Violence has severe health consequences for the affected, it is a social problem. The recognition and respect throughout Europe for the equal dignity and integrity of both women and men are major objectives
Serdjénian, Evelyne. "Les Femmes et l'égalité." Paris, EHESS, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986EHES0059.
Full textPasquier, Gaël. "Les pratiques enseignantes en faveur de l'égalité des sexes et des sexualités à l'école primaire : vers un nouvel élément du curriculum." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100142/document.
Full textAlthough in France school can be seen as an important factor in women emancipation many studies have pointed out that it also remains an instrument enabling the social reproduction of traditional gender relations. Since the 80s the National Education official texts have encouraged teachers to work for the promotion of gender equality and to question the sex stereotypes. Since the 2000s they have also asked them to fight against homophobia. These texts define the term as the discrimination or the verbal and the physical violence against the homosexuals but also, through the questioning of sex stereotypes, against those who are suspected of being homosexuals. However these formal requirements seem not well known by teachers and remain therefore unapplied. They nevertheless offer a formal framework and clearly-defined regulatory environment for people wishing to put into practice a non-sexist and/or a non-heterosexist pedagogy based on equal treatment of children regardless of their gender and on the refusal to link gender with predetermined social roles. This work focuses on these innovative practices and aims to strengthen the understanding of the specific work of these teachers and the new issues it raises. This research focuses precisely on the teachers who are intending to take up these issues and these practices in the context of primary school which includes in France the nursery school and the elementary school. On the basis of twenty non-directive interviews we try to better understand the specificity of these teachers's work and the representation they have of it. We also analyze the possibility and the characteristics of an education for gender and sexualities equality at the first education levels and the tensions that it can generate in the exercise of the teaching profession
Lahure, Matthieu. "La formulation moderne et contemporaine du problème de l’égalité des sexes et de la différence des genres comme question de justice appliquée." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040158.
Full textIn this work I show how the democratic claim for equality between men and women is formulated in political philosophy as a question of applied justice. The relationships between men and women involve distributions of rights, powers and goods which are to men’s advantage, even within the equalitarian context of democratic societies. The aims of this research have been to measure up this unequal treatment and analyse the mechanisms through which it persists, as well as to offer solutions to correct its various manifestations. With this in view, I have chosen to rely on the theoretical tools and to develop the perspectives on distributive procedures provided by the works of modern philosophers such as Locke, Rousseau, Tocqueville and Mill, and by the contemporary reflections of Rawls, Walzer, Okin, and Kymlicka. What is at stake here is the possibility for democracy to re-examine the very principles of its dynamics so as to face the challenge of sexual difference and to correct the inequality of socially grounded gender differentiation. I have reached the conclusion that to achieve equality between the sexes, there has to be a critical political liberalism reaffirming the value of individual autonomy. But for the promotion of such autonomy State intervention needs to go beyond the mere principle of no-discrimination and to take into account the specific nature of the goods which the individuals are after as well as the social situations by which they are characterised
Konuma, Isabelle. "Le statut juridique de la femme mariée en droit japonais de la famille." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070087.
Full textWith the reception of Western legal Systems by Japan in Meiji era (1868-1912), law entered the family and invariably began to define its ideal mode! and that of the wives. In tact, marked as they were by the emergence of ie family institution under Meiji family law (1868), the wives underwent many unequal regimes which were abolished in 1947, when some equality was at least formally introduced within the married couple. Today, Japanese society is confronted to marriage and birth crisis which is spreading, known as « family crisis ». Nevertheless, before using the word « crisis », it seems important to define precisely what is said in crisis and in this way to find out the different stages up to today statute of married women. Then we can see a « modernisation » process of the family by law, a process which appeared in several ways, like in the introduction of monogamy, the keeping of a patriarchal System within the family, the appeal to sexual equality, that is to say in aspects which were often very far from social reality, which could not express but through « family crisis »
Troupel, Aurélia. "Disparités dans la parité : les effets de la loi du 6 juin 2000 sur la féminisation du personnel politique local et national." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0029.
Full textThe law of 6 June 2000, which obliges parties to field an equal number of male and female candidates, should have increased the number of women elected in politics. However, the parity law achieved very variable results, being most effective at the local and European levels whilst having little or no effect on the composition of the Senate and the National Assembly. To understand the reasons for these variations between the different levels of politics, several theories have been tested and a database has been created of female politicians (1958-2004). This research allows certain established ideas to be challenged and disputed. It is revealed that partisanship, changes to the electoral regulations and the presence of female incumbents are not sufficient to explain these variations. On the other hand, the prior feminisation of the elected assembly along with how restrictive the parity law is under the circumstances are both essential to the effective functioning of the law. Taken together, these elements show a perpetuation of the local/national cleavage (strongly and weakly feminised), as argued by Mariette Sineau
Adeline, de Boisbrunet Ludovic. "Les femmes dans la magistrature depuis 1945." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020026.
Full textMaruéjouls-Benoit, Édith. "Mixité, égalité et genre dans les espaces du loisir des jeunes : pertinence d'un paradigme féministe." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30024/document.
Full textScience-based and political discourses on youth usually focus on issues such as risk behaviour, deliquency, and dropping out of school, and most of the time omit the heuristic dimension of gender. The analysis of the distribution of girls and boys across spaces, equipments and leisure activities in three suburban areas of Bordeaux show how the use of organised leisure is dominated by boys and while girls stay away from these from the start of lower secondary school. It is all as if boys invest public spaces when organised practices do not fit their needs anymore, while girls disappear from these spaces and withdraw into the private sphere. Drawing on the approach of social geography, this thesis demonstrates the relevance of a feminist approach as a science-based paradigm which is useful to understand how public spaces become gender-differentiated. A comparison of how boys and girls use public spaces and leisure equipments results in a questionning of the notions of gender ‘mixity’ and equality in the context of public policies in contemporary society. Four main findings have been identified : (1) – inequalities : state-sponsored leisure targets twice as many boys as girls. (2) – ‘non-mixity’ and the reinforcement of inequalities : boys-only activities are seen as more important than girls-only ones. (3) - The invisibility of girls. They stop using these structures from the start of lower secondary school, they disappear from the public spaces targeting young people. (4) - Gender performativity : The constitution of spaces of specifically male leisure and the valuation of the " male cultures " represent the main part of the practice autonomous youth and in free access
Ozcakal, Akile. "Les représentations sociales d'étudiantes feministes en Turquie vis-à-vis de la domination masculine et de l' égalité des sexes : entre laïcité, tradition et religion." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG017.
Full textIn our research, we aim at understanding the reasons of male dominance and gender inequality; a conflictive topic within Turkish society. This dominance imposes the women to obey firstly to their father and then to their husband, as well as all the men around her. Feminist students that also define themselves as secular and “Kemalist” consider that this dominance find their roots in the Quran, which would encourage female submission. As to the Islamic feminist students, they point out that tradition and various interpretations of the Quran may explain this male dominance. Moreover, secularism is also a cause of tension between Kemalist and Islamic students. The Kemalist students are afraid that the principle of neutrality that is a part of secularism will disappear, at the expense of a more religious Turkey. On the other side, Islamic students criticize secularism, as the origin of women segregation and responsible of the inequalities between genders. Indeed, both feminist students groups have distinct experiences that influence their social perceptions and behaviours, which will be analysed through this research work
Le, Saux Pénault Elsa. "Éduquer à l'égalité des sexes en conduisant des recherches sur la littérature jeunesse : une recherche-action à l'école primaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100179/document.
Full textBased on an action-research approach, this thesis focuses on how teachers consider and embrace the injunctions to educate their students to gender equality. The starting point of this work began in 2014 when teachers and researchers collectively analyzed youth albums exploited or to be exploited in classrooms. Schools experiments aimed to develop the children’s critical thinking on gender stereotypes conveyed by children's books were also carried out. By adopting a "little scientists" technique (commenting, sorting, use of analysis grids, use of statistics, ...), the children were asked to perform quantitative and qualitative research on their school albums in order to identify gendered representations, their expressions and consequences. The action-research process has revealed how teachers, by analyzing the progress of their students, transformed their own vision of education to gender equality and their professional practice in this regard
Gosselin, Jessica. "Analyse différenciée entre les sexes, gouvernance et progression égalitaire : étude de la compatibilité du droit constitutionnel canadien aux obligations relatives à l'égalité par l'exemple du Plan Nord." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30626/30626.pdf.
Full textThis study purports to analyze the government of Quebec’s obligations with respect to sex-based equality in the elaboration of the PLAN NORD. We address this issue with an approach combining the State’s obligations resulting from the right to sex-based equality in Canada, the governance issue raised in major projects such as the PLAN NORD and the implementation of gender-mainstreaming analyses as a means to achieve substantive equality. We take the position that the right to sex equality guaranteed under Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms imposes on the State a positive obligation to act. This conclusion is supported by Canada’s international agreements, social policies favoring the implementation of gender-mainstreaming analyses and the often reiterated position of the Supreme Court of Canada pursuing substantive equality. Gender-mainstreaming is presented as to be the subject of a formal constitutional recognition and as a means to achieve equality in Canada.
Magaña, Garcia Celia. "La "genderisation" des politiques sociales au Mexique (1989-2005), images des femmes dans le progresa et dynamique locale d'un "rancho" à l'ouest du Mexique." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010522.
Full textRubel, Nathalie. "Sexe et laïcité : l'égalité sexuelle comme critère fondamental de laïcité du droit." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01025498.
Full textPiel, Elodie. "Le féminisme, un tremplin pour l'affranchissement des hommes ? : les perceptions masculines sur les enjeux féministes en France 1997-2007." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0137.
Full textThe study population is exclusively French men. Specifically of concern is the younger generation of Frenchmen, the inheritors of 1970s feminism. Men under the age of thirty six are of particular interest. The study includes men from three socio-cultural groups: urban, rural and semi-urban. The first section consists of an exploration of the subjects' representation of feminism. What knowledge do they have of the topic? What role does antifeminism play? First observations: Notions of feminism are often interiorized but frequently unconsciously, that is, without a verbalized adherence to its principles. Why and how are feminist principles interiorized? What is happening in society that feminist ideas are interiorized but not acted upon? The second section addresses the resistance that exists to feminism both in French men and in French society in general. How to explain when the feminist cause has not been taken to heart or has been rejected? Traditional values, interactions with the socio-cultural environment or with women, ail have an important influence on how and if feminist values are interiorized. Finally, the study shows that due lo feminism, French men have changed their way of thinking. Their experience of equality with French women is an opportunity to enrich their sense of self as well as a chance to explore deferent facets of their masculinity that were previously unknown or repressed. Feminism obliges men to reposition themselves in their relationship with women as well as with existent models of social behavior. It imposes a new factor in sexual relations as well as in the relation to self-liberation: feminism permitted women to emancipate themselves from the model of patriarchy; it aIso allowed men to distance themselves from that same model, to create the contours of a new identity, a liberated masculine identity
Gerin, Murielle. "Co-écriture fille-garçon en symétrie : une ingénierie didactique coopérative pour concrétiser l’égalité des sexes au CP." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20016.
Full textWhilst the equality of rights between women and men seems to be on the way to being achieved, equality in practice does necessarily follow course. Based on sociological work in gender studies, this didactic research is based on the following premise : equality between men and women emerges from a mutual recognition between men and women of their equal power to act. Moreover, a mutual recognition between boys and girls in knowledge, in other words an epistemic boy-girl recognition from an early age and thereafter, favours a mutual recognition between men and women at later ages. The study explores the following question : what didactic conditions are conducive to an epistemic boy-girl recognition in reading and writing? The case studied concerns the writing of a story invented in mixed pairs in first grade. It is analysed from the framework of the theory of joint action in didactics, and is based on work in the philosophy of equality from Fraisse. To understand and improve the practice, this research implemented a methodology of cooperative didactic engineering. The thesis is composed of two parts. The first part presents the epistemological background to the study where the concretisation of gender equality is considered in didactic situations, starting with the epistemic boy-girl recognition. The second part shows the development of the study’s didactic engineering : Boy-girl co-writing, in symmetry, in first grade. Through an internal validation of engineering variables, the study reveals how the professors-searcher group manages to invent a device, the draft-band, which is conducive to the emergence of signs of epistemic recognition of boy-girl writing in first grade
Forest, Maxime. "Une analyse genrée du changement politique sur le terrain parlementaire : la Chambre des députés de la République tchèque (1996-2008)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0022.
Full textThis PhD dissertation addresses the contribution of gender in shaping post-1989 politics and policies in the Czech Republic. Based upon qualitative primary sources, as interviews with 1989 female activists, records from the Civic Forum sessions, archives from the socialist era, a first part provides a framing of women’s contribution to political change in a broader historical perspective. Thanks to the documents found in the archives of pre-communist and communist women’s organizations, I focus on the politicization of the Czech women’s movement after WWII and suggest reconsidering the role of socialist Czechoslovak Women’s Union during the Prague Spring (1967-1969). In the form of an in-depth legislative survey at the Chamber of deputies (1996-2007), the second part introduces quantitative & sociological aspects relevant to the understanding of women’s access to political representation. At the same time, it draws the significance of gender in party and parliamentary politics in the context of post-communist transformation, especially when it comes to public issues such as reproduction and bodily integrity. Empirical findings are discussed and put into a comparative perspective in a third part. Dedicated to the cognitive processes and institutional transfers that contributed to re-frame gender issues after 1990, it also enlightens the role of Europeanization. Questioning this notion as “something to be explained”, rather than an explanatory variable, I mainly refer to Europeanization in terms of changing domestic arrangements in the field of gender policies, which involves policy makers, political parties, as well as emerging women’s interest groups
Fauveau, Aurélia. "L'intégration des inégalités de genre dans la politique des ONG humanitaires et des organisations internationales : étude de cas de deux ONG." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0039.
Full textFighting the gender gap is one of the biggest international goals to eradicate poverty and attain development. Indeed, economical literature found significant links between the gender gap on the one hand, and growth and development goals on the other hand. Furthermore the UN made an international frame to promote women: gender equality became one of its first priorities. All this explains that International Organisations, and first of all the World Bank, redefine their international politics toward women since the mid nineties. Humanitarian NGOs which cannot be ignored on the international scene, participate in fighting poverty and inequalities too. Because they are especially efficient in their action, we question ourselves about their position in fighting the gender gap : -Did NGOs understand the impact of the gender gap on poverty and the importance of integrating women into development?-Do NGOs integrate the gender dimension into their actions in order to reduce the gender gap and then offer additional tools to development and growth?
Forstenzer, Nicole. "Politiques de genre et féminisme dans le Chili de la post-dictature, 1990-2010." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010506.
Full textÖnder, Beril. "The European court of human rights and gender equality : exploring the potential of article 14 ECHR and protocol no. 12 article 1 for achieving substantive equality." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAA002.
Full textThis thesis carries out a critical analysis of the sex-discrimination case law (Article 14 ECHR and Protocol No. 12 Article 1) of the ECtHR from a substantive equality perspective and in light of relevant best practices of international human rights law.This research reveals that the Court’s case law under Article 14 and Protocol 12 Article 1 has adopted a more substantive interpretation of gender equality in recent years, although it still has some important shortcomings and inconsistencies. In light of the criticism from legal scholars and in light of the developments in international human rights law the Court could still develop its case law and address its own shortcomings to contribute more to substantive equality between men and women
Madi, Angela. "Attitudes des étudiants en STAPS à l'égard de la mixité dans leur pratique des activités physiques et sportives : comparaison entre la France et la Syrie." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100146/document.
Full textThis thesis is a detailed comparative study of the perception of coeducation among students in faculties of sport science in France and Syria, and especially during their sport practices.The fundamental differences, whether religious or cultural, between these two countries can illuminate coeducation and equality between the genders. They also elucidate the vivid and specific variations in their answers, which have been widely highlighted in this research.Studying coeducation in physical activity and sports has led us automatically to evaluate the opinions, beliefs and behaviors for each student in regard to the concept of coeducation in daily social life, and genders equality in both countries.On one hand, the concept of coeducation has been embedded in the French community. But its repercussions haven’t suggest critical foundations in modern European culture. On the other hand, inside the Syrian community, there is a craving for modernity along with a fear of radical changes in identity, this reflects a dilemma of a generation with two points of view: the first one considers eliminating these taboos as a vital concern. The second considers coeducation to be a shop window from which the observer could get what he/she needs, while hoping for a more profound change
Farine, Elise Caroline. "De l’identité juridique de la femme : approche technique et philosophique de droit privé contemporain." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0212/document.
Full textThe notion of identity involves the presuppositions of private law withwhich the trend is marked by some «genericisms». That means conceptions who limitthe human gender's definition in specific and abstract features and withoutconsidering the sexually differentiated peculiarities. Nevertheless, the subject of rightwhen it's a feminine subject implies the considering of sexual characteristics, whichcannot be the same that those of the male subject.On the pretext of the gender equality, the right submits then the society to astandardization of the divergent interests and peculiar to every sex. It is then aquestion of showing at the same time the contribution of these conceptions, but alsotheir limits and thus the necessity of opening to the requirement of more«universalist» conceptions. Indeed, it must be demonstrated that only a universalitycan guarantee the recognition of the peculiarities and the feminine differences, suchas a feminine legal identity would admit it. If this study will face diverse currents andauthors of philosophy of the right, it will take for starting point the substantive lawestablished in its various disciplines, the criminal law with certain aspects of the laborlaw or the insurance law.The interest of the question is to allow a more precise evaluation of thequalifications around the woman as the subject of singular right, and by integratingthe contemporary criticisms, who were able to show the insufficiency of a simplygeneric thought to deal with questions so grave as the sexual differentiation in thecivil or labor law- criticisms who, however, hardly accepted the epistemological wayof the philosophy of the right in its specificity
Fortin, Guy. "Les diaconesses de l'Église byzantine du IVe au VIe siècle: ordonnées ou instituées? État actuel du débat à partir d'une approche liturgique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8187.
Full textAndriamasinalivao, Rajaofera Beby Alyette. "Gender and female empowerment in Malagasy folktales and oratory." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7142.
Full textGender relations in the Malagasy context are often conceptualised in terms of complementarity with a relative denial of the existence of overt male dominance and female oppression and a marked insistence on female superiority. Nevertheless, the diversity of the representations of gender relations in the different regions of Madagascar does not always reflect this generalised pattern, which points to the necessity of a contextual analysis of the representation of men and women and the power relations that structure their interactions. The present study focuses on the notions of masculinity and femininity as well as the power relations between men and women in a selection of Malagasy folktales that were written and published from the 19th century to the present and the contemporary performance of oratory discourses by orators from Antananarivo and Paris. Drawing on surveys and interviews with a selection of storytellers and orators, as well as the observation of storytelling and oratory performances, the study highlights the ways in which gender differences are translated into gender inequality, which tend to limit the possibilities for female empowerment. The main arguments that are presented in the research stress the prevalence of male dominance and female subordination as can be observed in the variety of the male and female characters’ experiences in the selected folktales and the current experiences of female orators in the field of oratory performance. Two possible itineraries for female empowerment are explored based on contemporary storytellers’ perceptions and representations of gender in their works and the audience’s responses to the latter
Garon, Julie. "L'égalité dans la mire, l'inégalité dans la peau - comprendre l'écart entre les attentes et la réalité des parents dans le partage des tâches." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30418/30418.pdf.
Full textRoig, Émilia. "Gender Equality for Some at the Cost of Others : deciphering the Intersectional Discrimination of Racialized Care Workers in France and Germany." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20018.
Full textThis dissertation applies the analytical concept of “intersectional gender inequality” to the analysis of the implications of the development of private care for gender, class and racial structural inequalities in France and Germany. I ask: how do public policies pertaining to social care – in their current formulation – reinforce intersectional inequalities because of their disregard or lack of understanding of intersectional discrimination? To what extent do migration, labor market, family, and gender equality policies frame and address intersectional disadvantage? The transfer of reproductive work from women employed on the formal labor market to other marginalized women poses questions of hierarchy based on racism and classism within the group “women.” My research question could be reformulated as: How do policies promoting the development of personal care services influence equality between men and women, and equality between women? I undertook an in-depth analysis of the intricate relationships between white supremacy, class exploitation and patriarchy and examined how these systems of domination impact on gender inequality. The analysis of discursive politics and policy frames related to the issue of care and gender equality allowed an understanding of the various representations and constructions of the political issues and of the people affected by it.The discourses developed in relation to the above-mentioned policies reflect particular representations of the interrelated problems of gender inequality, labor shortages in the care sector, and immigration, as well as the solutions brought forward to solve them. Using critical frame analysis, this dissertation addresses the intersectional representation (or lack thereof) of racialized women in policies, laws and discourses pertaining to social care. Drawing from this, the specific structural discrimination of racialized women on the labor market will be analyzed.The research reveals that the discursive framing of the policy issues of gender inequality, immigration and employment in care impact on the formulation of policies pertaining to care work, which in turn sustain a discrimination pattern that I describe and conceptualize as intersectional gender inequality
Gamess, Eline. "Proposition pour une mixité réussie entre les hommes et les femmes dans les sphères de décision et de direction : Étude comparative entre la Martinique et le Québec." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0846/document.
Full textIn the 20th Century, in France, Martinique and Québec, the world of Work is still characterized by persistent professional disparities. Should the not-mixing be an invariant whatever the contexts, in the general managerial function, or in other words, the professional vertical segregation in the company ?The Manager’s and decider’s cultural reference tables remain still male. The representations built by themselves on the women and men social roles in work area are quickly and durably condensed in negative stereotypes against the women.From the theory of the central core of Abric (abric’score), it seems appropriate to try to identify the main determinants which presided over the construction of these stereotypes. This hard core would be constituted by symbolic and social historic determinism. Be interested in the "demolition" of the sexual stereotypes against the women establishes a way to rethink the collective action to act more effectively in regards to professional mixing. Indeed, several works showed that under certain conditions, the central elements of a representation could be sensitive to information coming to contradict them.To make a success of the professional mixing between the women and men in the general managerial function of companies requires so much on behalf of the government policy, a that of the human resources, strong actions raising stakes in the elimination of stereotypes and demolition of the social role assigned to the woman since millenniums
Meyer, Jennifer. "La genèse du racial-féminisme. Race, classe et genre autour de Pia Sophie Rogge-Börner." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0931.
Full textTaking on the extensive debate on intersectionality, this doctoral thesis examines the interlocking of the categories race, class and gender as well as the articulation of feminism, anti-Semitism and racism in the writings of Sophie Rogge-Börner (1878-1955). Firstly, this project exposes the mechanisms of racialization of the power relations between the sexes which were at work in the production of an equivalence between the Nordic “race” and gender equality as well as in the ascribing of a “Jewish” character to patriarchy. The thesis then describes Rogge-Börner’s explanation for the advent of male domination as a result of racial mixing and degeneration and confronts it with her assertion of the constructed character of sexual difference. Furthermore, the project analyses the concrete demands of a discourse which presents female emancipation as a potential limited by racial origin as well as the condition for racial regeneration. The thesis shows that the reference to ahistorical and essentialist categories could be the basis for an egalitarian but non-universalist understanding of feminism. Finally, the project looks at the persistence of these ideas within the New Right.In consciously avoiding a normative definition of feminism, this thesis shows how a political emancipatory movement, on the one hand, produced new exclusions and hierarchies among women and, on the other hand, provided new arguments to the racial and anti-Semitic discourse during the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich. The thesis thus brings to light a specific intricacy of racial and sexual dominance
Karzabi, Iman. "Le privé est politique : l’action publique et le militantisme associatif en faveur de l’égalité femmes-hommes dans les pays post-soviétiques : Ukraine et Bélarus (1990-2013)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0007.
Full textThis thesis investigates, from a gender perspective, political and social changes taking place in the countries of the former Soviet bloc, specifically in Ukraine and Belarus. In particular, it analyses the ways in which politics constructs the personal, and public actions create gender (in)equalities. To this end, this research is concerned with policy instruments in the area of family policy, in the prevention of violence against women and the application of international standards of gender equality, such as gender mainstreaming. In addition, this thesis studies heterogeneous collective initiatives which politicize/depoliticize the issue of gender inequalities in order to influence the decisions of relevant authorities: feminist groups, conservative religious organizations, and fathers’ organizations seeking to change norms of masculinity. This research shows how these organizations “negotiate” with those in power, in particular through the interplay of national and international resources in the configuration of agendas and repertoires of contention. At a microsociological level, through interviews carried out with parents who are recipients of public policy actions, this thesis demonstrates the way in which political processes influence the personal and reduce the range of options for women in particular. The assignment of care work to women limits their financial autonomy, professional career, spare time, and social and political activities, contributing consequently to a construction of a “single-sex” power
Minkoue, pira Liziane. "Leadership au masculin et au féminin, les différences entre les hommes et les femmes dans la manière de diriger : étude comparative dans le secteur tertiaire en France et au Gabon." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH044.
Full textIn view of the unequal distribution of men and women in certain positions and the under representativeness of women at certain hierarchical levels, the question of the difference between male leadership and female leadership is very acute. Indeed, wondering what are the differences between men and women in the way of directing and what influence these differences have on the level of satisfaction of the subordinates led us to carry out this comparative research in the tertiary sector between France and Gabon. To do this, three studies were conducted. The first study focuses on the analysis of the activities of senior managers (Guilbert & Lancry, 2007) on the issue of management of employees. This study has the particularity of being geared towards managers and aims to highlight the differences in terms of leadership and activities that exist between men and women managers. The second study deals with the description by subordinates of men and women in a leadership position. The aim here is to find out which characteristics, male or female (Tostain, 1993, Bem, 1974) describe these two heads, on one hand. On the other hand, which of these descriptions is closest to their description of the ideal manager? The third study focuses on the analysis of the leadership style of men and women managers in our sample by their subordinates and the influence of these leadership styles on the job satisfaction of the latter. Guided by samples of 20 participants (study 1), 444 participants (study 2) and 433 participants (study 3), the results show us, on the one hand, that there are no significant differences between men and women in the management of subordinates. It appears that men and women leaders maintain close relations with their subordinates with a small hierarchical distance. Men leaders adopt feminine specificities (listening, democracy ...) and women adopt masculine specificities (individualism, firmness ...). On the other hand, it also appears that the ideal leader is presented with more feminine than male characteristics and that men and women leader in leadership positions are presented with masculine and feminine characteristics in Gabon, and masculine characteristics in France. Finally, regarding the leadership style, the results show that in Gabon there are differences between men and women because men are transactional in their leadership style and women make a mix of transactional and transformational styles. And in France, there are no differences between men and women in terms of leadership style. These results allow us to show that the differences between the northern countries, such as France, and the southern countries, such as Gabon, seem to be due to the cultural variable, therefore related to the environmental and cultural context as might think Tedongmo Teko and Bapes Ba Bapes (2010). It would therefore be interesting to bring into play the cultural variable and the leadership in a post-thesis research