Academic literature on the topic 'Effusive activity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Effusive activity"
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Keller, J�rg, and Maurice Krafft. "Effusive natrocarbonatite activity of Oldoinyo Lengai, June 1988." Bulletin of Volcanology 52, no. 8 (November 1990): 629–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00301213.
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Wadsworth, Fabian B., Edward W. Llewellin, Jérémie Vasseur, James E. Gardner, and Hugh Tuffen. "Explosive-effusive volcanic eruption transitions caused by sintering." Science Advances 6, no. 39 (September 2020): eaba7940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba7940.
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Silicic volcanic activity has long been framed as either violently explosive or gently effusive. However, recent observations demonstrate that explosive and effusive behavior can occur simultaneously. Here, we propose that rhyolitic magma feeding subaerial eruptions generally fragments during ascent through the upper crust and that effusive eruptions result from conduit blockage and sintering of the pyroclastic products of deeper cryptic fragmentation. Our proposal is supported by (i) rhyolitic lavas are volatile depleted; (ii) textural evidence supports a pyroclastic origin for effusive products; (iii) numerical models show that small ash particles ≲10−5 m can diffusively degas, stick, and sinter to low porosity, in the time available between fragmentation and the surface; and (iv) inferred ascent rates from both explosive and apparently effusive eruptions can overlap. Our model reconciles previously paradoxical observations and offers a new framework in which to evaluate physical, numerical, and geochemical models of Earth’s most violent volcanic eruptions.
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Waythomas, Christopher. "Simultaneous effusive and explosive cinder cone eruptions at Veniaminof Volcano, Alaska." Volcanica 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.30909/vol.04.02.295307.
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Historical eruptions of Veniaminof Volcano, Alaska have all occurred at a 300-m-high cinder cone within the icefilled caldera that characterizes the volcano. At least six of nineteen historical eruptions involved simultaneous explosive and effusive activity from separate vents. Eruptions in 1944, 1983–1984, 1993–1994, 2013, 2018 and 2021 included periods of explosive ash-producing Strombolian activity from summit vents and simultaneous nonexplosive effusion of lava from flank vents on either the southern or northeast sides of the cone. A T-junction conduit network is proposed to explain the simultaneous eruptive styles and as a mechanism for gas-magma segregation that must occur to produce the observed activity. Historical eruptions with simultaneous summit and flank activity produced slightly higher rising ash clouds compared to historical eruptions where simultaneous activity did not occur. This could be a consequence of the partitioning of more gas-charged magma into the vertical conduit of a T-junction conduit system.
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Zakšek, Klemen, Leonie Pick, Manoochehr Shirzaei, and Matthias Hort. "Thermal monitoring of volcanic effusive activity: the uncertainties and outlier detection." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 426, no. 1 (May 21, 2015): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp426.2.
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Katayama, Masato, and Yukina Uemura. "Prognostic Prediction for Therapeutic Effects of Mutian on 324 Client-Owned Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis Based on Clinical Laboratory Indicators and Physical Signs." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020136.
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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease classified as either effusive, non-effusive (‘dry’), or a mixture (‘mixed’) of the forms of FIP, with mixed showing signs of both effusive and dry. To determine whether the therapeutic effect of Mutian on dry and mixed FIP can be predicted using clinical indicators before starting treatment, we entered 161 cats with mixed FIP and 163 cats with dry FIP into this study. Physical assessments, the reverse transcriptase-PCR detection of viral genes, and clinical laboratory tests (hematocrit, albumin/globulin ratio, serum amyloid A, α1-acid glycoprotein, and total bilirubin) were performed before Mutian was administered. These indicators were compared between the FIP groups that survived after receiving Mutian for 84 days and those that died before the completion of treatment. Significant differences in body temperature, appetite, and activity scores were confirmed between the surviving and non-surviving groups. The therapeutic effect was insufficient when total bilirubin levels increased in cats with the mixed form. In both of the FIP types, therapeutic effects were difficult to obtain when neurological clinical signs were observed. The therapeutic effects of Mutian on the cats with dry and mixed FIP can be predicted based on pre-treatment body temperature, appetite scores, and activity scores, as well as the presence of neurological signs.
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Sayyadi, Sara, Magnús Tumi Gudmundsson, and Páll Einarsson. "Volcanic tremor associated with the Surtsey eruption of 1963–1967." Jokull 72, no. 1 (2022): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33799/jokull2022.72.021.
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The formation of the island of Surtsey over 3.5 years, remains one of the best-documented volcanic, island-forming eruptions to date. The basaltic submarine volcanic activity was detected on November 14, 1963, where ocean depth was 130 m prior to the eruption at the southern end of the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago. The eruptions occurred in several phases involving explosive and effusive activity, including the initial submarine phase on November 12–13, 1963. Separate phases of subaerial volcanic activity occurred during November 14, 1963–January 1964, January–April 1964, April 1964–May 1965, May–October 1965, December 1965–August 1966, and August 1966–June 1967. Seismic data quality from this period is inferior compared to that of modern monitoring systems. Four permanent seismic stations were operated in Iceland at the time, whereof only two, located at 115 and 140 km distance, had the sensitivity to record tremor from Surtsey. Nevertheless, the scanned analog seismograms (http://seismis.hi.is/) show that the eruptive activity was accompanied by considerable seismic activity, both earthquakes, and volcanic tremor. Earthquakes were primarily associated with changes in vent location. Both spasmodic and harmonic tremor was identified, both with low (<3 Hz) and higher (3–5 Hz) characteristic frequencies. The results indicate a complicated relationship between tremor and magma flow rate or style of activity. During the explosive eruption, the highest magma flow rates occurred in the first 10–20 days, a period with little observed tremor. The highest tremor is observed in December 1963–March 1964, after the discharge rates had dropped substantially, and on a timescale of hours-to-days, no clear relationship between tremor and eruption style is observed. The same applies to the effusive activity, where no seismic tremor was observed during most of the effusive eruption of Surtungur, despite the fact that magma flow rates were ~3 times higher than during later phases where some tremor was observed. Keywords: Submarine volcanism, eruption precursors, volcanic tremor, precursory tremor, continuous uprush eruptions
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Lebedeva, E. V. "Impact of volcanic and post volcanic activity on fluvial relief." Geomorphology RAS, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0435-42812019449-66.
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The characteristic features of the river network, the structure and functioning of the valleys affected by effusive and explosive volcanism, volcano-tectonic phenomena, gas hydrothermal activity and mud volcanism are revealed. It has been established that within flows and covers of effusives, the formation of new streams channels can occur not only due to backward erosion, but also as a result of the collapse of the roof of the near-surface lava tubes, which are actively used by underground runoff. A high erosion rate, a large volume of solid runoff, and a significant role of deflation in the transformation of the fluvial relief are characteristic for regions of domination of explosive activity. There valleys become zones of accumulation of volcanic material, which is gradually processed by mudflow, alluvial, aeolian and other processes. Volcanic-tectonic activity changes the rivers position, direction of streams and morphology of the valleys, leading to numerous reorganizations of the river network, as a result of which the valleys of modern watercourses often consist of uneven-age fragments. Valleys of hydrothermal zones are characterized by the active development of slope processes, which leads to the formation in them not only of sinter terraces, but also numerous landslide ones. Mud volcanic processes periodically lead to the filling and blocking of the valleys with mud breccia flows, which affects both the composition of the alluvium of watercourses and the morphology of the valleys.
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Boudal, Christian, and Claude Robin. "Relations entre dynamismes éruptifs et réalimentations magmatiques d'origine profonde au Popocatépetl." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 955–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-096.
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The modern volcano Popocatépetl is 30 000 – 50 000 years old. Until 5000 years BP, its volcanic activity led to the construction of a 2000 m high cone, the El Fraile volcano. This edifice was later topped by the Popocatépetl summit. The volcanic activity was characterized by long-term construction by lava flows, alternating with periods of 1000–2000 years of mixed explosive and effusive activity. The El Fraile volcano experienced three periods of this type, marked by back-falling pyroclastic flows with heterogeneous magma products and thick air-fall deposits (ash and scoria). The first one occurred more than 10 000 years BP; the second, between 10 000 and 8000 years BP; the third, from 5000 to 3800 years BP. Each of these periods showed violent explosive episodes alternating with lava flows in cycles of 100 to several hundreds of years in duration. Whenever the explosive activity occurred, it destroyed the upper part of the volcano, opening large craters. After a ~ 2500 year period of lava-flow construction (from ~ 3800 to 1200 years BP), the Popocatépetl summit began a similar activity. The last event, producing pyroclastic flows, occurred just before me Hispanic Conquest, and since that time the activity has been effusive and Plinian.Heterogeneous to subhomogeneous pyroclastic flow products exhibit a complex mineralogy: Fe clinopyroxene, Mg clinopyroxene, Fe orthopyroxene, Mg orthopyroxene, plagioclase in equilibrium or disequilibrium, and scarce olivine. All lava flows show a similar paragenesis, suggesting magma-mixing processes. A model in which a basaltic magma is periodically injected in a differentiated chamber at the beginning of each explosive period (or each cycle?) is proposed to explain the heterogeneous products. However, calculations of mixing models do not agree with the high Mg and Ni values observed in some hybrid lavas. This excess is probably due to the remobilization of cumulative olivine by basic magma supplies in the lower part of the reservoir. On the other hand, lava flows emitted during the long phases of effusive activity correspond to evolution in a closed and zoned chamber, partly affected by convective movements. The convection explains the complex mineralogy of these lavas, which result from differentiation of a previously homogenized magma rather than directly from magma mixing.
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Harris, Andrew, Jon Dehn, Matt Patrick, Sonia Calvari, Maurizio Ripepe, and Luigi Lodato. "Lava effusion rates from hand-held thermal infrared imagery: an example from the June 2003 effusive activity at Stromboli." Bulletin of Volcanology 68, no. 2 (June 24, 2005): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-005-0425-7.
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Nandaka, I. Gusti Made Agung, Sulistiyani, Yosef Suharna, and Raditya Putra. "Overview of Merapi Volcanic Activities from Monitoring Data 1992–2011 Periods." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0018.
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Merapi, the dangerous active volcano in Indonesia, has been monitored since the 1920s by applying several methods and tools. The monitoring data from earlier times are stored well and can be used as reference for any precursors and signs before each eruption. This article evaluates the long-term activity of Merapi from the monitoring data for 1992–2011 to obtain the trends and patterns before the eruption period by combining the seismicity, deformation, volcanic gas, and temperature data in the same time span. Several characteristics are exhibited before effusive and explosive eruptions, i.e., a significant level up in volcano-tectonic energy and increased CO2gas concentration indicating an explosive eruption. Effusive eruption is characterized by a significant multiphase earthquake with less occurrence of deep and shallow volcano-tectonic events. Deformation data from a tiltmeter and electronic distance measurement are important in understanding the dynamics of the lava dome and the eruption direction.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effusive activity"
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Preece, Katie. "Transitions between effusive and explosive activity at Merapi volcano, Indonesia : a volcanological and petrological study of the 2006 and 2010 eruptions." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/49599/.
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The 2010 explosive eruption (VEI 4) of Merapi volcano, Indonesia, was the volcano’s largest since 1872. In contrast, volcanism over the last century has been characterised by dome-building and gravitational dome collapse, such as in 2006 (VEI 1). The driving forces behind effusive and explosive activity, as well as factors that affect transitions in eruptive style are investigated through petrological and textural analysis, using the well-documented 2006 and 2010 eruptions as case-studies. Pre- and syn-eruptive crystallisation and degassing processes are examined via whole rock geochemical analysis, mineral compositions and thermobarometry, quantitative textural analysis of feldspar microlites and analysis of volatiles and light lithophile elements in melt inclusions. These data were gathered from a detailed set of stratigraphically controlled samples, correlated to eruptive chronology and style, which were collected during several field campaigns. Both the 2006 and 2010 eruptions produced basaltic andesite, similar in terms of major and trace element compositions. A major zone of crystallisation is proposed at between ~ 14 and 29 km depth, although crystallisation occurs throughout the crust. Magmatic temperatures are estimated to be ~920–1020 °C. Maximum H2O contents reach 3.94 wt.% in 2010 melt inclusions and up to 3.73 wt.% in those from 2006. CO2 concentrations are < 200 ppm, although they may reach up to 695 ppm in some melt inclusions from the 2010 eruption. An exsolved brine phase was present during both eruptions which “buffered” melt Cl concentrations and enriched Li at shallow depths within the conduit or edifice. Eruptive style and transitions at Merapi are linked to magma ascent rate, crystallisation and open- and closed-degassing processes, which can be influenced by magma influx. The findings of this work are crucial for understanding the full range of eruptive behaviour that Merapi is capable of producing.
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GENCO, RICCARDO. "Analisi integrata dei parametri geofisici registrati a Stromboli durante le fasi di instabilità eruttiva ed eventi anomali." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1080261.
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Chi-Li, Chung. "Effect of Repeated Thoracenteses on Fluid Characteristics, Cytokines, and Fibrinolytic Activity in Malignant Pleural Effusion." 2003. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0007-1704200714513288.
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Chung, Chi-Li, and 鍾啟禮. "Effect of Repeated Thoracenteses on Fluid Characteristics, Cytokines, and Fibrinolytic Activity in Malignant Pleural Effusion." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37867156478213945695.
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碩士臺北醫學大學
醫學研究所
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--Objective: To evaluate the effect of repeated thoracenteses on the fluid characteristics and the levels of various cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-8, and of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) in malignant pleural effusion and its clinical significance. --Design: A prospective study. --Patients and methods: Twenty-six patients with symptomatic and large amount of free-flow malignant pleural effusions were studied. Thoracentesis with drainage of 500 mL pleural fluid per day was performed for 3 continuous days (days 1 to 3). The effusion samples were collected to evaluate the changes of fluid characteristics, cytokine levels and fibrinolytic activity. Chest ultrasonography was done on day 6 to observe the presence of fibrin strands. The result of pleurodesis was evaluated in the patients classified into groups based on chest ultrasonographic findings. --Results: The values of TNF-α, PAI-1, IL-8 and neutrophil count in pleural fluid increased significantly during repeated thoracenteses in 26 patients studied. A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of TNF-αand PAI-1 and between the values of IL-8 and neutrophils. On day 6, fibrin strands were observed in the pleural effusion on chest ultrasonography in 11 patients (42%, fibrinous group) but were absent in the remaining 15 patients (nonfibrinous group). During repeated thoracenteses, a significant increase of effusion PAI-1 and TNF-α was observed in the fibrinous but not in nonfibrinous groups. In addition, the levels of effusion PAI-1 and TNF-α obtained from days 2 and 3 were significantly higher in the fibrinous group than in nonfibrinous groups. The success rate of pleurodesis was significantly higher in the fibrinous group (11 of 11 patients, 100%) than in non-fibrinous group (8 of 12 patients, 67%). --Conclusions: Repeated thoracenteses may cause pleural inflammation and induce local release of proinflammatory cytokine as TNF-α, which may subsequently enhance the release of PAI-1 and lead to fibrin formation in malignant effusion. The presence of fibrin strands after repeated thoracenteses may be of considerable value in predicting the success of subsequent pleurodesis in patients with malignant pleural effusions. --Key words: fibrinolysis; malignancy; pleural effusion; proinflammatory cytokines; thoracentesis --Abbreviations: IL = interleukin; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; PAI = plasminogen activator inhibitor; PAI-1= plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1; TNF-α= tumor necrosis factor-α; tPA = tissue type plasminogen activator
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"A comparison of different analytes in distinguishing transudate and exudate of pleural effusion, and the use of adenosine deaminase activity in the differentiation of tuberculous and non-tuberculous pleural effusion." 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889812.
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by Mo-Lung Chen.Thesis (M.Sc.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-75).
Abstract also in Chinese.
ABBREVIATIONS --- p.iv
LIST OF TABLES --- p.v
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.ix
ABSTRACT --- p.xi
Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- BACKGROUND --- p.4
Chapter 2.1 --- Production of pleural fluid --- p.4
Chapter 2.2 --- Pathophysiology of pleural effusion --- p.5
Chapter 2.3 --- Separating exudate from transudate --- p.8
Chapter 2.4 --- Receiver operating characteristic curve --- p.9
Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- ADENOSINE DEAMINASE --- p.12
Chapter 3.1 --- Background --- p.12
Chapter 3.2 --- Differentiation of tuberculous and non-tuberculous pleural effusion --- p.12
Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.17
Chapter 4.1 --- Patients --- p.17
Chapter 4.2 --- Collection and handling of specimens --- p.17
Chapter 4.3 --- Diagnostic criteria --- p.18
Chapter 4.4 --- Methods --- p.19
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Routine chemistries --- p.19
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Protein zone electrophoresis --- p.19
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Adenosine deaminase --- p.19
Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- Instrumentation --- p.22
Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- Optimization of reaction time --- p.24
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Analytical performance --- p.24
Chapter 4.4.4.1 --- Imprecision --- p.24
Chapter 4.4.4.2 --- Recovery --- p.26
Chapter 4.4.4.3 --- Lowest detection limit --- p.26
Chapter 4.4.4.4 --- Linearity --- p.26
Chapter 4.4.4.5 --- Interference by ammonia --- p.26
Chapter 4.4.4.6 --- Interference by turbidity --- p.28
Chapter 4.4.4.7 --- Interference by haemoglobin --- p.28
Chapter 4.4.4.8 --- Interference by bilirubin --- p.29
Chapter 4.4.4.9 --- Storage stability of ADA at -80°C --- p.29
Chapter 4.4.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.30
Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- RESULTS OF OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION EXPERIMENTS --- p.31
Chapter 5.1 --- Optimization of reaction time --- p.31
Chapter 5.2 --- Analytical performance --- p.31
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Imprecision --- p.31
Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Within-run --- p.31
Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Between-run --- p.31
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Recovery --- p.31
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Lowest detection limit --- p.34
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Linearity --- p.34
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Interference by
Chapter 5.2.5.1 --- ammonia --- p.34
Chapter 5.2.5.2 --- turbidity --- p.34
Chapter 5.2.5.3 --- haemoglobin --- p.37
Chapter 5.2.5.4 --- bilirubin --- p.37
Chapter 5.2.6 --- Storage stability of ADA at -80°C --- p.37
Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- TRANSUDATIVE AND EXUDATIVE PLEURAL EFFUSION --- p.39
Chapter 6.1 --- Results of routine chemistries --- p.39
Chapter 6.2 --- Decision thresholds by ROC curve --- p.39
Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.39
Chapter 6.4 --- Results of protein zone electrophoresis --- p.49
Chapter 6.5 --- Discussion --- p.51
Chapter 6.6 --- Comparison of protein zone electrophoresis and Light's criteria --- p.55
Chapter 6.7 --- Discussion --- p.55
Chapter CHAPTER 7. --- TUBERCULOUS AND NON-TUBERCULOUS EXUDATIVE PLEURAL EFFUSION --- p.59
Chapter 7.1 --- Results of adenosine deaminase assay --- p.59
Chapter 7.2 --- Combinations of analysis --- p.59
Chapter 7.3 --- Decision thresholds by ROC curve --- p.64
Chapter 7.4 --- Discussion --- p.64
Chapter CHAPTER8. --- GENERAL DISCUSSION --- p.69
REFERENCES --- p.70
Books on the topic "Effusive activity"
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Nicholls, Simon, Michael Pushkin, and Vladimir Ashkenazy. The Writings of Skryabin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863661.003.0002.
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An introduction by Boris de Schloezer gives the genesis of the final text in the section, the Preliminary Action, and explains its relation to Skryabin’s projected life-work, the Mystery. Section I: an effusion of Orthodox religious feeling from teenage years. Sections II-VII: Around 1900, an expression of rejection of God in the face of disillusion is followed by the text of the choral finale of the First Symphony, declaring faith in the power of art. An unfinished opera libretto, symbolic in narrative, expressing belief in Art’s power to seduce and persuade. Three notebooks develop a world view in which the world is the result of the self’s creative activity. The creation of art and of the universe are identical. There is a higher self, identical with divinity. Forgetfulness of individuality leads to freedom and universal consciousness. Section VIII: The literary poem written during the composition of the symphonic Poem of Ecstasy summarises the scenario developed in the notebooks. Life starts with the desire to create, delight in creative play meets opposition, the creative goal is achieved and disappointment sets in. The process is repeated until it is realized that the struggle is itself joyful and self-affirmation is achieved. Section IX: The text of the Preliminary Action is symbolic in structure. Primal Male and Female Principles emerge; the Female is identified with Death. Life arises from the union of energies. Struggle and bloodshed follow. The conclusion is an impulse towards unification, the synthesis of experience and dematerialisation. Both the complete first draft and the incomplete revision are included.
Book chapters on the topic "Effusive activity"
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Murcia, Hugo, and Károly Németh. "Effusive Monogenetic Volcanism." In Volcanoes - Updates in Volcanology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94387.
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The study of monogenetic volcanism around Earth is rapidly growing due to the increasing recognition of monogenetic volcanic edifices in different tectonic settings. Far from the idea that this type of volcanism is both typically mafic and characteristic from intraplate environments, it occurs in a wide spectrum of composition and geological settings. This volcanism is widely known by the distinctive pyroclastic cones that represent both magmatic and phreatomagmatic explosive activity; they are known as scoria or spatter cones, tuff cones, tuff rings, maars and maar-diatremes. These cones are commonly associated with lava domes and usually accompanied by lava flows as part of their effusive eruptive phases. In spite of this, isolated effusive monogenetic emissions also appear around Earth’s surface. However, these isolated emissions are not habitually considered within the classification scheme of monogenetic volcanoes. Along with this, many of these effusive volcanoes also contrast with the belief that this volcanism is indicative of rapidly magma ascent from the asthenosphere, as many of the products are strongly evolved reflecting differentiation linked to stagnation during ascent. This has led to the understanding that the asthenosphere is not always the place that directly gives rise to the magma batches and rather, they detach from a crustal melt storage. This chapter introduces four singular effusive monogenetic volcanoes as part of the volcanic geoforms, highlights the fact that monogenetic volcanic fields can also be associated with crustal reservoirs, and outlines the processes that should occur to differentiate the magma before it is released as intermediate and acidic in composition. This chapter also provides an overview of this particular volcanism worldwide and contributes to the monogenetic comprehension for future studies.
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Zobin, Vyacheslav M. "Swarms of Microearthquakes Associated with Effusive and Explosive Activity at Volcanoes." In Introduction to Volcanic Seismology, 355–80. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-56375-0.00016-5.
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Zobin, Vyacheslav M. "Swarms of Microearthquakes Associated With Effusive and Explosive Activity at Volcanoes." In Introduction to Volcanic Seismology, 389–416. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63631-7.00016-9.
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Ureta, Gabriel, Károly Németh, Felipe Aguilera, Matias Vilches, Mauricio Aguilera, Ivana Torres, José Pablo Sepúlveda, Alexander Scheinost, and Rodrigo González. "An Overview of the Mafic and Felsic Monogenetic Neogene to Quaternary Volcanism in the Central Andes, northern Chile (18-28°Lat.S)." In Volcanoes - Updates in Volcanology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93959.
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Monogenetic volcanism produces small eruptive volumes with short eruption history, different chemical compositions, and relatively simple conduit. The Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes is internationally known as a natural laboratory to study volcanism, where mafic and felsic products are present. In this contribution, the spectrum of architectures, range of eruptive styles, lithological features, and different magmatic processes of the mafic and felsic monogenetic Neogene to Quaternary volcanoes from the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes in northern Chile (18°S-28°S) are described. The major volcanic activity occurred during the Pleistocene, where the most abundant activity corresponds to effusive and Strombolian eruptions. This volcanism is characterized by external (e.g., magma reservoirs or groundwater availability) and internal (e.g., magma ascent rate or interaction en-route to the surface) conditions, which determine the changes in eruptive style, lithofacies, and magmatic processes involved in the formation of monogenetic volcanoes.
Conference papers on the topic "Effusive activity"
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Torres Sanchez, Irene, Janet Rodríguez-Torres, Javier Valenzuela-Canovaca, Irene Cabrera-Martos, Ramón Romero-Fernández, and Marie Carmen Valenza. "Health status and physical activity after discharge due to pleural effusion." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1234.
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Andreini, A., G. Caciolli, R. Da Soghe, B. Facchini, and L. Mazzei. "Numerical Investigation on the Heat Transfer Enhancement due to Coolant Extraction on the Cold Side of Film Cooling Holes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25460.
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Film cooling represents one the most widely-used cooling techniques for hot gas path components. In particular, effusion cooling has recently become an important focus of attention in the context of aero-engine design due to its high cooling performance. Notwithstanding the huge amount of work dedicated to the heat transfer on the hot side of effusion cooling plates, it has been demonstrated that up to 30 % of the total cooling effectiveness of a typical effusion cooling configuration can be ascribed to cold side convective cooling. Nevertheless, in open literature it is possible to notice a lack of knowledge as far as this topic is concerned. This paper describes a numerical activity aimed at investigating the phenomenology of the heat transfer at the entrance of film cooling holes. First of all the accuracy of the numerical approach has been validated through a comparison of enhancement factor measurements on a test case available in literature. Steady state RANS simulations have been performed, modeling turbulence by means of the k–ω SST model. The use of a transition model has been taken into account, since in these configurations the transitional behavior of the boundary layer has been highlighted in literature. Subsequently, the attention has been turned to the comprehension of the phenomena involved in the heat transfer augmentation, focusing the attention to the influence of fluid dynamic parameters such as suction ratio and Reynolds number. A good agreement has been highlighted with experimental data, therefore this work provides a starting point for future investigations on more representative configurations.
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Banka, Radhika, Olalla Castro-Anon, Maged Hassan, Eihab Bedawi, Rachel Mercer, Rachelle Asciak, Rob Hallifax, Vineeth George, John Wrightson, and Najib Rahman. "A Study of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in patients with malignant pleural effusion undergoing therapeutic interventions: ASPIRE." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.4496.
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Gosse´, S., T. Alpettaz, S. Chatain, C. Gue´neau, F. Rouillard, and C. Cabet. "Chromium Activity Measurements in Nickel Based Alloys for Very High Temperature Reactors: Inconel 617, Haynes 230 and Model Alloys." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58147.
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The alloys Haynes 230 and Inconel 617 are potential candidates for the intermediate heat exchangers (IHX) of (V)-HTR reactors. The behaviour under corrosion of these alloys by the (V)-HTR coolant (impure helium) is an important selection criterion because it defines the service life of these components. At high temperature, the Haynes 230 is likely to develop a chromium oxide on the surface. This layer protects from the exchanges with the surrounding medium and thus confers certain passivity on metal. At very high temperature, the initial microstructure made up of austenitic grains and coarse intra and intergranular M6C carbide grains rich in W will evolve. The M6C carbides remain and some M23C6 richer in Cr appear. Then, carbon can reduce the protective oxide layer. Then, the alloy loses its protective coating and can corrode quickly. Experimental investigations were performed on these nickel based alloys under an impure helium flow [1]. To predict the surface reactivity of chromium under impure helium, it is necessary to determine its chemical activity in a temperature range close to the operating conditions of the heat exchangers (T ≈ 1273 K). For that, high temperature mass spectrometry measurements coupled to multiple effusion Knudsen cells are carried out on several samples: Haynes 230, Inconel 617 and model alloys 1178, 1181, 1201. This coupling makes it possible thermodynamic equilibrium to be obtained between the vapour phase and the condensed phase of the sample. The measurement of the chromium ionic intensity (I) of the molecular beam resulting from a cell containing an alloy provides the values of partial pressure according to the temperature. This value is compared to that of the pure substance (Cr) at the same temperature. These calculations provide thermodynamic data characteristic of the chromium behaviour in these alloys. These activity results call into question those previously measured by Hilpert [2], largely used in the literature.
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Maughan, James R., Kevin M. Elward, Simon M. De Pietro, and Paul J. Bautista. "Field Test Results of a Dry Low NOx Combustion System for the MS3002J Regenerative Cycle Gas Turbine." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-047.
Full textAbstract:
A dry low NOx combustion system for the MS3002J regenerative cycle gas turbine has been developed and successfully installed at two pipeline compressor stations. Preparation for the DLN retrofits began with initial field testing of the conventional system intended to characterize some of the unique features of the two-shaft, regenerative cycle machine that might impact the proposed premixed combustor design. Combustor transition pieces were instrumented with gas sampling probes for CO2 analysis. Fuel flow to each combustor was measured and controlled. Consequently, the fuel/air ratio, exit temperature, and air flow for each combustor could be determined over the operating range. The dry low NOx combustion system for the MS3002J R/C is based on an existing system for the MS6001B gas turbine. A description of the hardware and system operation is given. Because of the relatively high inlet temperature of the MS3002J R/C (950 F), some portions of the liner required highly efficient effusion cooling. A new transition piece seal was developed to reduce leakage and ensure uniform air flow throughout the machine. A control strategy was developed to guide the machine through diffusion modes of operation at low load to premixed combustion at higher loads. Results showed acceptable component temperatures throughout. Emissions measurements were consistent with previous laboratory measurements and met design targets of 33 ppm NOx and 25 ppm CO (at 15% O2) over the required range. The fuel split between the two premixed flame zones was controlled over the load range of the turbine to optimize CO, NOx, and liner temperatures. Because of the high inlet temperature and low overall temperature rise, dynamic pressure activity was low. Following a successful inspection after 6000 hours of operation, the hardware inspection interval has been set at 12000 hrs.