Academic literature on the topic 'Effort d’impact'
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Journal articles on the topic "Effort d’impact"
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Martin, Joelle A., and Robert M. Young. "Unfinished Business: Canada’s Contribution to Promoting Compliance with International Humanitarian Law Through the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict Agenda of the United Nations Security Council." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 27, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v27i2.4531.
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During its 1999-2000 term on the United Nations Security Council, Canada helped launch the Council’s “Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict” agenda. This aimed to reduce civilian war casualties through better respect for international humanitarian law [IHL]. This article reviews the agenda’s origins and evolution ten years on. The authors focus on Canada’s contributions in increasing the Council’s efforts to protect civilians, with three main assertions. First, Canada had a key role in creating and promoting the agenda, an important IHL initiative. Second, the agenda is well established in the Council’s work, but needs further effort to ensure greater impact in specific situations. Third, Canada could develop the agenda and improve respect for IHL if it joins the Security Council for the 2011-2012 term, picking up its “unfinished business” from its last Council term.Pendant son mandat de 1999-2000 au Conseil de Sécurité de l’ONU, le Canada a aidé à lancer le programme « La protection des civils dans les conflits armés » du Conseil. Le but était de réduire le nombre de victimes civiles de la guerre en faisant respecter davantage le droit international humanitaire [DIH]. Cet article passe en revue l’origine du programme et son évolution après dix années. Les auteurs portent leur attention sur les contributions du Canada pour augmenter les efforts du Conseil en vue de la protection des civils, en faisant trois affirmations principales. D’abord, le Canada a joué un rôle-clé dans la création et la promotion du programme, une initiative importante de DIH. Deuxièmement, le programme est bien établi au sein du travail du Conseil, mais nécessite des efforts additionnels afin d’assurer plus d’impact dans des situations particulières. Troisièmement, le Canada pourrait développer le programme et améliorer le respect du DIH s’il devient membre du Conseil de Sécurité pour 2011- 2012 lui permettant de reprendre ses « affaires inachevées » lors de son dernier mandat au Conseil.
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Bergeron, Pierre-Jérôme. "Comment faire de la pseudoscience avec des données réelles : une critique des arguments statistiques de John Hattie dans Visible Learning par un statisticien." MJE Forum 51, no. 2 (January 9, 2017): 935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1038611ar.
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Cet article offre une critique du point de vue d’un statisticien de la méthodologie utilisée par Hattie, et explique pourquoi il faut absolument qualifier cette méthodologie de pseudoscience. On parle tout d’abord des intentions de Hattie. Puis, on décrit les erreurs majeures de Visible Learning avant d’expliquer l’ensemble des questions qu’un chercheur devrait se poser en examinant des études et enquêtes basées sur des analyses de données, incluant les méta-analyses. Ensuite, on donne des exemples concrets démontrant que le d de Cohen (la mesure de base derrière les effets d’ampleur, effect sizes, de Hattie) ne peut tout simplement pas être utilisé comme une mesure universelle d’impact. Enfin, on donne des pistes de solution pour mieux comprendre et exécuter des études et méta-analyses en éducation.
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Lafontaine, Pierre. "Évaluation d’un programme de périnatalité, région de Québec." Articles 8, no. 1 (October 28, 2008): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600777ar.
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RÉSUMÉ S’étant vu confier par le Ministère des Affaires sociales la responsabilité de mettre sur pied un programme de périnatalité, quatre (4) Départements de santé communautaire de la région immédiate de Québec ont uni leurs efforts en vue de réaliser les objectifs fixés. A l’heure actuelle, la partie information du public est, à toute fin pratique, la seule qui soit vraiment en voie de réalisation. Dans le but d’évaluer dans quelle mesure le programme a su rejoindre les clientèles jugées prioritaires et aussi pour connaître le niveau d’impact de ces cours, un projet pilote impliquant le Ministère des Affaires sociales, les quatre (4) Départements de santé communautaire concernés et cinq (5) hôpitaux avec département d’obstétrique a permis de rejoindre 1 933 femmes ayant accouché dans ces centres hospitaliers. Sur la base d’une comparaison entre celles qui avaient ou non suivi les cours prénatals, il a été possible de dégager des renseignements intéressants sur les deux aspects : atteinte des clientèles cibles et impact des cours. Après avoir fait état des résultats observés, on émet quelques commentaires sur certains éléments de la problématique des cours prénatals.
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Qureshi, Karishma M., Bhavesh G. Mewada, Saleh Y. Alghamdi, Naif Almakayeel, Mohamed Mansour, and Mohamed Rafik N. Qureshi. "Exploring the Lean Implementation Barriers in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Using Interpretive Structure Modeling and Interpretive Ranking Process." Applied System Innovation 5, no. 4 (August 19, 2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi5040084.
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Past research reveals that many lean implementation barriers hinder lean implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Among many sectors, the manufacturing sector suffers more as it generates more waste while carrying out manufacturing processes. Many manufacturing units make unsuccessful attempts to implement lean principles in their manufacturing systems. Hence, such units must eliminate the prevailing lean barriers to accomplish successful lean implementation. Moreover, the contextual relationship of lean barriers must be studied to understand the effect of such barriers. This paper uses interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to explore lean barriers, their relationships, and their influence on other lean barriers. The present research also reveals the most significant classification of lean barriers into various categories of independent, dependent, autonomous, and linkage using the (MICMAC) Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement analysis. ISM and MICMAC together provide relationship modeling and reveal the interrelationship between each lean implementation barrier and its categories, respectively. The ISM model is validated using the Delphi technique. The interpretative ranking process (IRP) is used to rank the barriers. The three significant lean implementation barriers revealed through the IRP include “lack of lean understanding”, “lack of strong quality policy”, and “risk of sustainable practice implementation”. The present research will help practicing managers of SMEs in the manufacturing sector to understand the mutual influence of lean barriers before introducing lean implementation. It is suggested that SMEs work on independent barriers so that dependent barriers can also be overcome with the least amount of resources and effort.
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Onososen, Adetayo, Innocent Musonda, and Motheo Meta Tjebane. "Drivers of BIM-Based Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Buildings: An Interpretive Structural Modelling Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 11052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141711052.
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Building Information Modelling (BIM) for life cycle sustainability assessment is an emerging development considered valuable given its importance in enhancing the environmentally friendly performance of buildings by delivering eco-efficient structures. However, despite its benefits, adoption is low. Thus, this study examines the key drivers of a building’s BIM-based life cycle sustainability assessment. An interpretive structural modelling approach and Matrice d’Impacts croises-multipication applique a classement (MICMAC) analysis were adopted for this study. Nineteen key drivers were categorized into a seven-level ISM model, which revealed that the successful implementation of the driving factors for BIM-based LCSA would increase its adoption and encourage users to be proactive in exploring solutions, exerting best efforts, and advancing its usage. The primary drivers, such as organizational readiness, personal willingness to use, procurement methods, and organizational structure, amongst others, are crucial for discussing BIM-based LCSA adoption strategies and making guidelines and design decisions to guide the process. This paper therefore contributes to the growing discussion on BIM from the viewpoint of an assessment of a building’s life cycle sustainability. The study concludes that organizational, governmental, and institutional support, as well as capacity development, are essential to driving BIM-Based LCSA.
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Hartanti, Lusia Permata Sari, Ivan Gunawan, Ig Jaka Mulyana, and Herwinarso Herwinarso. "Identification of Waste Based on Lean Principles as the Way towards Sustainability of a Higher Education Institution: A Case Study from Indonesia." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 4348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074348.
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Lean management has generated new approaches to reduce non-value-adding activities in different sectors of the economy, including in higher education systems. Lean principles in higher education institutions (HEIs) contribute positively to sustainability performance. The current study aims to: (a) assess waste in HEIs based on lean principles and even their potential effect on sustainability; (b) establish the relationship among wastes; (c) develop a structural model using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM); (d) carry out the Matrice d’impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliqué Àun Classement (MICMAC) analysis. In Phase 1 of this study, the identification of waste modes in HEIs was established. In Phase 2, risk assessment of each waste mode was conducted using the waste-Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (w-FMEA) technique. In Phase 3, ISM-MICMAC was used to identify relationships among critical waste modes. The results showed that eighteen waste modes were identified as critical in HEIs—with six waste modes being autonomous determinants; four were dependent determinants, four were linkage determinants, and four were driver determinants. This study is expected to help academicians and practitioners understand HEI’s waste types by listing the critical wastes, mapping their interrelationship, identifying the driving power and dependence, and proposing mitigation actions. It will also contribute to the growing body of literature highlighting the waste in HEIs.
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Vaishnavi, V., M. Suresh, and Pankaj Dutta. "A study on the influence of factors associated with organizational readiness for change in healthcare organizations using TISM." Benchmarking: An International Journal 26, no. 4 (May 7, 2019): 1290–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-06-2018-0161.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify, analyze and develop a model to measure the interactions among different factors of organizational readiness for change in service sector specific to healthcare organization. The total interpretive structural modeling (TISM)-based readiness for change is to build a theoretical framework to understand the mutual interactions among the factors and to identify the driving and dependence power of these factors. Design/methodology/approach TISM is used to identify factors that contribute to analyze the readiness state before starting a change implementation process in healthcare. Matrice d’Impacts croises-multiplication applique´ a classement analysis is used to find the driving and dependent factors of change in healthcare. Findings This paper identified 12 factors of readiness for change from literature review followed by expert interview to understand the inner connection of factors and study inner relationships. The result says that state of affairs, recent trends in healthcare sector, technology advancement and interdependence among departments are key factors for readiness of change. Research limitations/implications This research mainly focused on readiness factors for change in the healthcare sector. Practical implications This study will be useful for researcher and practitioners to understand the readiness factors for change. Originality/value In this research work, TISM-based readiness for the change framework structural model has been proposed for healthcare organizations which is a new effort in the area of organizational change management in this sector.
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Shoar, Shahab, and Nicholas Chileshe. "Exploring the Causes of Design Changes in Building Construction Projects: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 9578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179578.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the mutual interactions between the causes of design changes using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and to classify the causes using the “Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement” MICMAC technique. This study further identifies and proposes strategies to mitigate design change occurrence and map them onto the identified connections between the causes. To achieve these goals, critical causes of design changes were identified through a comprehensive literature review; 23 key causes were then refined according to the opinions of relevant experts involved in the Iranian building construction sector. Stakeholders associated with each cause and the management areas from which causes arise were also considered. The factors “Unfamiliarity with new construction methods”, “Design errors”, “Value engineering”, “Scope uncertainty”, “Change orders”, and “Constructability ignored in the design phase”, which are highly influenced by other factors, emerged at the highest level of the ISM diagram, and “Clients’ attitudes and experience” as the main root cause of design changes at the bottom of the diagram. The MICMAC technique results showed that consultant-related causes significantly influence other causes, and policy and client-related causes have a feedback effect on the whole system. The findings of this study provide a better insight into how various causes of design changes are connected to one another and can ultimately assist project managers of different parties, even in other countries, to choose influential strategies to mitigate design changes in building construction projects.
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Tripathi, Kumari Amrita, and Saumya Singh. "Analysis of barriers to women entrepreneurship through ISM and MICMAC." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 12, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 346–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-12-2017-0101.
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PurposeThis paper aims to study the impediments and difficulties that prevent Indian women from becoming entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained through a survey involving 15 experts. Based on the feedback provided by the experts, ten relevant barriers in the context of Indian micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) were chosen. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data. These ten barriers create obstruction for Indian women as entrepreneurs. These barriers were ranked, and causal relationships among them established using interpretive structural modeling andMatrice d’Impacts croises-multiplication appliqúean classment(cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) (ISM–MICMAC) approach.FindingsThis study identifies, on the basis of extant literature and experts’ opinion, ten barriers to female entrepreneurship. These barriers were ranked, and causal relationships among them established using the ISM–MICMAC approach. On the basis of ranking, women can move forward in MSMEs after removing these obstacles and it will have good results.Research limitations/implicationsIn this research, with literature reviews and experts opinion, ten barriers have been identified for women’s entrepreneurship and have been used to build the model.Practical implicationsTo bring Indian women forward in the field of entrepreneurship, both the society and the government should work together, and efforts should be made to overcome the obstacles coming in the way of entrepreneurs.Social implicationsFemale entrepreneurship in India faces many problems including negative attitude of authorities and society toward women. The society and authorities have no format or model for Indian women to move forward in the entrepreneurship sector.Originality/valueThis study seeks to identify, on the basis of a thorough review of literature and expert opinion, major barriers to female entrepreneurship in the context of Indian MSMEs.
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Karamat, Jawad, Tong Shurong, Naveed Ahmad, Sana Afridi, Shahbaz Khan, and Kashif Mahmood. "Promoting Healthcare Sustainability in Developing Countries: Analysis of Knowledge Management Drivers in Public and Private Hospitals of Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030508.
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Investing in a sustainable future has no alternative; the healthcare sector in developing countries has failed to achieve sustainability objectives. Knowledge management (KM) is a concrete application of sustainability in healthcare, as organizations (hospitals) that manage their knowledge assets will gain sustainable competitive advantage. Several organizations in developed countries are moving towards the adoption of knowledge management so that they can manage their knowledge well and improve their performance. Due to the effective implementation of KM in developed countries, developing countries are also considering adopting KM in their healthcare. In this study, an attempt has been made to identify the drivers of KM adoption in public and private hospitals of Pakistan. With the help of an extensive literature review and expert opinion, the drivers were identified and a hierarchical structure was developed. Nineteen drivers were identified and screened out by experts. The experts identified the contextual relationships between the drivers during a brainstorming session. The hierarchical model of the drivers for KM in the healthcare of Pakistan was eventually developed using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The structure has 10 levels, in which “developed competitive advantage” formed the foundation of the structure and “job creation” and “improvement in the reputation of healthcare” formed the topmost level. The “Matrices d’Impacts Croises Multiplication Appliqué a un Classement” (MICMAC) analysis classified the drivers by categorizing them according to their driving and dependence powers. One driver is identified as autonomous, six drivers as dependent, seven drivers as linkage, and five drivers as independent. The analysis of KM drivers will provide a good understanding of the interdependence and interactions between them and support the effect adoption of KM in developing countries especially in Pakistan.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effort d’impact"
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Jeanneau, Guillaume. "Analyse et conception d'un robot parallèle sous-actionné intrinsèquement sûr." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0018.
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Cette thèse introduit le robot R-Min, un concept de robot parallèle sous-actionné conçu pour réduire les efforts dus à un impact avec une personne. L’architecture est basée sur celle du mécanisme à cinq barres sur lequel des liaisons pivots sont ajoutées sur les avant-bras. Les modèles géométrico-statique et cinémato-statique sont déduits des conditions énergétiques nécessaires à l’équilibre du robot. Une étude discrète des solutions à ces modèles permet d’obtenir l’espace de travail du robot et le lieu de ces singularités. L’étude se concentre alors sur l’analyse de la sécurité. Un modèle réduit masse-ressort-masse, prenant en compte une raideur dynamiquement cohérente, est défini permettant d’obtenir une simplification du modèle dynamique au moment de l’impact et ainsi donne une nouvelle manière de caractériser la sécurité des robots souples. Une analyse expérimentale du robot R-Min permet en premier lieu de valider la faisabilité de modéliser et de contrôler ce type de structure tout en réduisant ses oscillations. Ensuite, l’effet sur la sécurité du sousactionnement, de la raideur, des vitesses, de l’objet impacté, est évalué lors d’un impact entre le robot R-Min et un dispositif de mesure dédié. Les résultats sont renforcés en simulation et permettent de conclure qu’une structure parallèle souple est une nouvelle solution permettant l’amélioration de la sécurité des robots de manière intrinsèqueThis thesis introduces the R-Min robot, a concept of an underactuated parallel robot designed to reduce the efforts due to an impact with a person. The architecture is based on the five-bar mechanism on which revolute joints are added on the forearms. The geometrico-static and kinemato-static models are deduced from the robot energetic condition necessary for robot equilibrium. A discrete study of the solutions to these models allows to obtain the workspace of the robot and the locus of its singularities. The study then focuses on the safety analysis. A reduced massspring-mass model, taking into account a dynamically consistent stiffness, is defined allowing to obtain a simplification of the dynamic model at the time of the impact and thus gives a new way to characterize the safety of compliant robots. An experimental analysis of the RMin robot allows first to validate the feasibility of modeling and controlling this type of structure while reducing its oscillations. Then the respective effect on the safety of the underactuation, of the stiffness, of the velocities and of the impacted object is evaluated for the impact of the R-Min robot with a dedicated measurement device. Results are reinforced in simulation and leads to the conclusion that an underactuated parallel structure permits safety improvement of intrinsically safe robots
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Tounsi, Rami. "Comportement des structures en nids d'abeilles sous sollicitations dynamiques mixtes compression/cisaillement et effet de l'orientation des cellules." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002421.
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Les nids d'abeille d'aluminium combinent légèreté et grande capacité d'absorption d'énergie. Ils sont alors de plus en plus utilisés dans les secteurs du transport (automobile, aéronautique ...) pour contribuer conjointement à l'allègement structural et à la sécurité. Dans cette thèse, le comportement à l'écrasement des nids d'abeille est étudié en tenant compte de l'effet combiné de l'angle d'orientation dans le plan des cellules, de l'angle de chargement et de la vitesse de sollicitation, que la littérature ne relate pas. Un dispositif de chargement mixte compression/cisaillement est conçu pour mener l'étude expérimentale. L'analyse des résultats porte sur le pic initial d'effort, le plateau d'effort, ainsi que sur les modes de déformation. Les résultats montrent une augmentation de la résistance sous sollicitation dynamique dépendante de l'angle de chargement Ψ. Elle devient moins significative quand l'angle de chargement augmente jusqu'à atteindre un angle critique. Pour Ψ > Ψcritique, les réponses quasi-statiques sont même plus élevées que les réponses dynamiques. Une étude numérique est alors entreprise. Elle permet de comprendre ce phénomène qui est imputé aux mécanismes de déformation locaux des cellules. Les résultats numériques montrent également que l'effet de l'angle d'orientation □ dans le plan est plus prononcé sur la force tangentielle que sur la force normale, que cela influence également les modes d'effondrement et donc la réponse mécanique. Ces simulations numériques, couplées aux résultats expérimentaux, permettent alors de dissocier les composantes normale et tangentielle de la réponse des nids d'abeille et d'identifier les paramètres d'un critère macroscopique de résistance exprimé en fonction de la vitesse d'impact, de l'angle de chargement et de l'angle d'orientation dans le plan. Finalement, dans le but de réduire le coût des simulations numériques, un modèle élément fini (EF) réduit basé sur un critère de périodicité tenant compte de l'angle d'orientation dans le plan est proposé et son domaine de validité est évalué.
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Ag, Atteynine Solimane. "Changement climatique et rongeurs ravageurs des cultures : effet attractif des cultures de saison sèche sur les espèces du genre Arvicanthis au Mali." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0130.
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Au Mali, pendant la saison sèche se pose la question de l’effet attractif exercé par les cultures de saison sèche sur les rongeurs ravageurs; lequel serait d'autant plus marqué sur le gradient latitudinal d’aridité soudano-sahélien GECS (1100 mm à 200 mm). Ces hypothèses sont testées chez le genre Arvicanthis (A.ansorgei,A.niloticus). Les résultats de la prospection cytogénétique antérieure 1994-1999 & une prospection élargie 2009-2014, révèle des changements récents des aires de distribution des 2 espèces; suggérant un rôle fort de leur adaptation chronobiologique dans le déterminisme de leur distribution. Cette approche horizontale suivie d'une approche verticale (2009-2016) compare 4 indicateurs de l'effet attractif des CSS vs les MNC dans les 5 régions climatiques du GECS (Sikasso, Koulikoro, Ségou, Mopti, Gao). Les densités de populations des 2 espèces sont plus élevées dans les CSS vs les MNC ; et cet effet attractif des CSS augmente avec l’aridité dans l'aire d'A.niloticus. Le ratio de "stratèges migrateurs" au sein des populations démontre l’effet tampon des CSS et confirme la fréquence de ces épisodes. L’étude du régime alimentaire confirme leur régime phytophage. En milieu naturel, l’aridité induit une baisse de la consommation de plantes compensées par celle d'Arthropodes non orthoptères; et la diversité des plantes consommées diminue avec l’aridité chez A.ansorgei vs augmente avec l’aridité chez A.niloticus. L'effet tampon des CSS "neutralise" les différences interspécifiques et chez les 2 espèces, dans les CSS, la diversité des adventices consommés diminue au détriment des plantes cultivées en particulier le riz.et la consommation en Orthoptères augmenteIn Mali, during the dry season, there is the issue of the attractive effect of dry season crops on rodent pests, which would be all the more marked in the latitudinal gradient of Sudan-Sahel aridity GECS (1100 mm to 200 mm). These hypotheses are tested in the genus Arvicanthis (A.ansorgei, A. niloticus). The results of the previous cytogenetic survey 1994-1999 and an expanded survey 2009-2014 reveal recent changes in the distribution areas of both species; suggesting a strong role of their chronobiological adaptation in the determinism of their distribution. This horizontal approach followed by a vertical approach (2009-2016) compares four indicators of the attractiveness of the CSS vs. the MNC in the five climatic regions of GECS (Sikasso, Koulikoro, Ségou, Mopti, Gao). The population densities of both species are higher in the CSS vs. the MNC; and this attractiveness of the CSS increases with aridity in the area of A. niloticus. The ratio of "migratory strategists" within populations demonstrates the buffering effect of the CSS and confirms the frequency of these episodes. The diet study confirms their phytophagous diet. In a natural environment, aridity induces a decrease in the consumption of plants compensated by that of non-orthopterous Arthropods; and the diversity of plants consumed decreases with aridity in A.ansorgei vs increases with aridity in A. niloticus. The buffering effect of CSS "neutralizes" inter-specific differences, and in both species, in the CSS, the diversity of weeds consumed decreases to the detriment of crops, especially rice and the consumption in the Orthoptera increases