Relevant bibliographies by topics / EFFICIENT OPTICAL NETWORKS

Academic literature on the topic 'EFFICIENT OPTICAL NETWORKS'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "EFFICIENT OPTICAL NETWORKS"

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Iyer, Sridhar. "Power-Efficiency Comparison of Spectrum-Efficient Optical Networks." International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics, Signals and Systems 5, no. 3 (December 20, 2016): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.11601/ijates.v5i3.221.

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With steady traffic volume growth in the core networks, it is predicted that the future optical network communication will be constrained mainly by the power consumption. Hence, for future internet sustainability, it will be a mandate to ensure power-efficiency in the optical networks. Two paradigms known to support both, the traffic heterogeneity and high bandwidth requests are the: (i) next generation flexible (or elastic) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based networks which provide flexible bandwidth allocation per wavelength, and (ii) currently deployed mixed-line-rate (MLR) based networks which provision the co-existence of 10/40/100 Gbps on varied wavelengths within the same fiber. In this work, the power-efficiency of an OFDM, and a MLR based network has been compared for which, a mixed integer linear program (MILP) model has been formulated considering deterministic traffic between every network source-destination pair. The simulation results show that in regard to power-efficiency, the OFDM based network outperforms the MLR based network.
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Aggarwal, Alok, Amotz Bar-Noy, Don Coppersmith, Rajiv Ramaswami, Baruch Schieber, and Madhu Sudan. "Efficient routing in optical networks." Journal of the ACM 43, no. 6 (November 1996): 973–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/235809.235812.

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Gebizlioglu, Osman, and Vijay Jain. "Energy-efficient optical networks [Series Editorial]." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 8 (August 2015): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7180518.

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Bermond, Jean-Claude, Luisa Gargano, Stephan Perennes, Adele A. Rescigno, and Ugo Vaccaro. "Efficient collective communication in optical networks." Theoretical Computer Science 233, no. 1-2 (February 2000): 165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(98)00018-8.

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Fan, Weibei, Fu Xiao, Xiaobai Chen, Lei Cui, and Shui Yu. "Efficient Virtual Network Embedding of Cloud-Based Data Center Networks into Optical Networks." IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 32, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 2793–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2021.3075296.

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Randhawa, Rajneesh, J. S. Sohal, Amit Kumar Garg, and R. S. Kaler. "An Efficient Network Utilization Scheme for Optical Burst Switched Networks." Journal of Information Technology Research 3, no. 2 (April 2010): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2010040103.

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Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is one of the most important switching technologies for future IP over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. In OBS Network, the burst assembly technique is a challenging issue in the implementation of the system. Burst assembly influences burst characteristics, which negatively impacts network performance. In this paper, the authors propose an efficient hybrid burst assembly approach, which is based on approximate queuing network model. To reduce the time complexity, an approximate queuing network model has been considered. Throughput performance has been investigated, taking into account both burst loss probability and time complexity. Simulation results have shown that the proposed hybrid approach based on variable burst length threshold and fixed maximum time limitation provides Simulation results have also shown a good trade-off between burst blocking performance and scheduling time.
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Senthil Kumar, T., and V. Mohan. "Energy-Efficient Regional Area Metropolitan Optical Access Network (RAMOAN) Using Modified Load Adaptive Sequence Arrangement (M-LASA) Methodology." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (March 31, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6151242.

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Energy efficiency in optical networks is one of the important criteria to attain enhanced performance. Better energy efficiency can be attained in optical networks if the resources are properly scheduled. Polling sequences perform resource scheduling based on load requirements, and various methodologies have evolved in recent times for better efficiency. Load adaptive sequence arrangement (LASA) is one of the familiar and efficient methodologies adopted in various methodologies. However, the power consumption and idle time of optical network units are high which should be reduced to attain optimal network performances. Considering this, a modified LASA is presented in this research work for the regional area metropolitan optical access network (RAMOAN). The modified LASA is obtained by integrating the first-in-last-out polling sequence such that the proposed arrangement provides a better coverage radius, minimal power cost, maximum access reach, maximum energy saving, and minimal delay and energy cost. The better performance of the proposed approach is compared with traditional time and wavelength division multiplexed (TWDM), TWDM-protected, and RAMOAN with LASA through simulation analysis to validate the better performances of the proposed model.
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Butt, Rizwan Aslam, Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus, Raja Zahilah Radzi, and Kashif Naseer Qureshi. "Energy Efficient Frame Structure for Gigabit Passive Optical Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.11109.

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<p>Increasing power consumption in information and communication access networks is one of the major cause of greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions are harmful to life on earth. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are energy efficient but the broadcast nature of downstream traffic may cause of huge unnecessary processing of frames by the optical network units and result in significant energy wastage. Bi-PON technique tried to solve this problem by changing the XGPON / GPON frame structure to an interleaved pattern but also required additional hardware changings at the optical network units. In this study, we have tried to achieve the same objective by making a few changings in the GPON frame structure without modifying the existing hardware structure. The simulation results show that 25.25% processing energy of an ONU can be saved by incorporating these changes.</p>
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Butt, Rizwan Aslam, Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus, Raja Zahilah Radzi, and Kashif Naseer Qureshi. "Energy Efficient Frame Structure for Gigabit Passive Optical Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2971-2978.

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<p>Increasing power consumption in information and communication access networks is one of the major cause of greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions are harmful to life on earth. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are energy efficient but the broadcast nature of downstream traffic may cause of huge unnecessary processing of frames by the optical network units and result in significant energy wastage. Bi-PON technique tried to solve this problem by changing the XGPON / GPON frame structure to an interleaved pattern but also required additional hardware changings at the optical network units. In this study, we have tried to achieve the same objective by making a few changings in the GPON frame structure without modifying the existing hardware structure. The simulation results show that 25.25% processing energy of an ONU can be saved by incorporating these changes.</p>
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Naik, Deepa, Soumyadeb Maity, and Tanmay De. "Light Trail Based Cost Efficient Traffic Grooming in Optical WiMAX Hybrid Network." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8685.

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Integrating Passive Optical Network (PON) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access network (WiMAX)achieves universal internet connectivity at a higher data rate. Here Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are used as the backbone. Base stations in WiMAX are connected to Optical Network Units. In this work cost, routing and resource allocation related issues in hybrid networks are investigated. Light trails are used for traffic grooming. Various network topologies are used for simulation and results are obtained, compared. and analyzed. The results confirm a lower cost solution by using hybrid networks for universal connectivity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EFFICIENT OPTICAL NETWORKS"

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Mohd, Warip Mohd Nazri Bin. "Energy efficient core optical IP networks." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18958.

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The Internet has become an integral part of modern societies fuelling ever growing opportunities for the provision of new advanced services which better respond to quickly changing societal needs. Previously the deployment of such services have led to significant increases in energy consumption which is in strong contrast with the global drive for a greener and more energy efficient environments. Network infrastructures are required which support these growing needs but at the same time remain zero-carbon emission complaint. Green photonic network designs centre on techniques to reduce and conserve energy within multilayer network scenarios. In this Thesis, hibernation strategies are proposed where network configurations form selective group of nodes, segmentation of links and partitioning of the light paths within connections to enable "sleep" modes. The strategy is founded on the optimisation and improved power management through a control algorithm implemented as a modification of the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) signalling and routing protocol. The impact of the strategy on network utilization, number of wavelengths, number of connection requests, number of nodes, network connectivity degree, and power ratio in IP routers has been evaluated on representative optical networks using a simulation framework established using OMNeT++. A trade-off is observed between energy consumption and network performance as a result of hibernation; evaluation of this methodology indicates potential reduction in energy power consumption from 30% up to 75% at the expense of reduced network performance.
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Peter, Eldhose. "Power efficient on-chip optical interconnects." Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2016. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7224.

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Abtahi, Farzad. "Optimal Design of Cost- and Energy-Efficient ScalablePassive Optical Backbone Networks." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-116891.

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Advances in optical coherent transmissions and electrical compensation technologies have stimulated the exploration of novel optical network architectures. Filterless optical backbone networks (F-OBNs) eliminate or minimize the usage of active photonic reconfigurable components, which is also referred to as passive OBN. By introducing passive splitters and combiners to interconnect the fiber links, this type of networks have been proposed as a cost- and energy-efficient alternative to active optical switching networks. However, F-OBN suffers from a constraint on wavelength reuse due to its broadcast nature. Consequently, this architecture always requires more resources, i.e. higher number of wavelengths, than the active optical switching networks. To address this issue, another passive approach for optical core network, i.e., semi-filterless OBN (SF-OBN) has been introduced. By utilizing passive colored components, e.g., Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), red/blue filters, etc., at some selected nodes, the SF-OBN is able to improve the wavelength usage while keeping the similar level on cost and energy consumption as FOBN. In this thesis project, an optimization model for wavelength assignment and filter placement in SF-OBN has been developed. F-OBN can be considered as a special case without any filter in SF-OBN. Using integer linear programming (ILP) formulation, the model aims to minimize the total number of wavelengths required in the network given the number of filters. Furthermore, wavelength usage, cost and energy consumption in active optical switching, F-OBN and SF-OBN have been compared in order to evaluate the performance of the each network architecture.
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Chen, An. "Buffer-efficient RTA algorithms in optical TDM networks /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202007%20CHENA.

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Jabar, Sakena Abdul. "The efficient deployment of passive optical networks within the telecommunication access network." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440171.

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Chowdhury, Arshad M. "Optical Label Switching Technologies for Optical Packet Switched Networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14047.

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Optical packet switching (OPS) is the most prominent candidate transport solution that can seamlessly integrate electrical and optical layers by transferring certain switching functionality from electronics to optics, thus alleviating unnecessarily slow and expensive optical-electrical-optical conversions and signal processing at the switching node. Optical Label Switching (OLS) is an important aspect of the optical packet switched network that enables very low-latency forwarding of ultra-high bit-rate, protocol-independent packets entirely in the optical domain. The objective of the proposed research is to develop novel, efficient techniques to realize several key enabling technologies such as optical label generation and encoding, optical label swapping, all-optical buffering, and spectral efficient transmission system for optical label switched based OPS networks. A novel scheme of generating optical label at the ingress node using optical carrier suppression and separation (OCSS) technique is proposed. This scheme does not suffer from any unavoidable interference, limited extinction ratio or strict synchronization requirements between payload and label as observed by the currently available other label generation methods. One of the primary challenges to realize optical label swapping at the core node of scalable OLS network is the insertion of new optical labels without any wavelength conversion for same wavelength packet routing. A novel mechanism to realize same wavelength packet switching without using any conventional wavelength converter in the OLS network carrying differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulated payload and on-off keying (OOK) modulated optical label is demonstrated. Also a new dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical buffer architecture using optical fiber delay lines that can provide wavelength selective reconfigurable variable delays is proposed. Optical packet switching provides automated, reconfigurable, and faster provision of both wavelength and bandwidth with finer granularity in the optical layer. However, a newer, cost-effective, and spectrally efficient optical transmission technology is essential to support the explosive bandwidth demand expected by the future optical packet switched networks. To meet this challenge, a spectrally efficient solution for transporting 40 Gbps per channel data over 50 GHz spaced DWDM system is developed by exploiting optical carrier suppression and separation technique and optical duobinary modulation.
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Helmy, Ahmed. "Energy-Efficient Bandwidth Allocation for Integrating Fog with Optical Access Networks." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39912.

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Access networks have been going through many reformations to make them adapt to arising traffic trends and become better suited for many new demanding applications. To that end, incorporating fog and edge computing has become a necessity for supporting many emerging applications as well as alleviating network congestions. At the same time, energy-efficiency has become a strong imperative for access networks to reduce both their operating costs and carbon footprint. In this dissertation, we address these two challenges in long-reach optical access networks. We first study the integration of fog and edge computing with optical access networks, which is believed to form a highly capable access network by combining the huge fiber capacity with closer-to-the-edge computing and storage resources. In our study, we examine the offloading performance under different cloudlet placements when the underlying bandwidth allocation is either centralized or decentralized. We combine between analytical modeling and simulation results in order to identify the different factors that affect the offloading performance within each paradigm. To address the energy efficiency requirement, we introduce novel enhancements and modifications to both allocation paradigms that aim to enhance their network performance while conserving energy. We consider this work to be one of the first to explore the integration of fog and edge computing with optical access networks from both bandwidth allocation and energy efficiency perspectives in order to identify which allocation paradigm would be able to meet the requirements of next-generation access networks.
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Ng, Eddie Kai Ho. "Illuminating the local area, towards adaptive, efficient, practical optical access networks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ53440.pdf.

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Sivathasan, Sashigaran. "Hybrid radio frequency/free space optical communications for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aee0f605-fb71-467b-9136-6816abaedcf1.

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A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of networked sensor nodes deployed to sense and report a particular phenomenon to a base station. Currently, most WSNs use radio frequency (RF) communications, and this accounts for a significant amount of energy expended. Free space optical (FSO) communications using modulating retroreflectors is potentially attractive for WSNs, due to the lower communications energy required. However, for FSO communications, line of sight (LOS) is required between the transmitter and the receiver. In this thesis, a hybrid Radio Frequency/Free Space Optical (RF/FSO) WSN is proposed. FSO links are used for communications, with RF links providing backup in the absence of LOS. This network has the potential to lower the overall energy consumption of a traditional RF-only WSN. Chapter 1 introduces the WSN and outlines the motivation for the RF/FSO WSN. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the RF and FSO link models used for the RF/FSO WSN. Chapter 4 describes how the WSN networks are configured. The energy model for the sensor node is discussed in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 discusses how network traffic and energy consumption are modelled. The results of the RF/FSO WSN simulations are presented in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 discusses the conclusions from the thesis and suggests areas for future work. Simulations show that for the wide range of scenarios considered, the RF/FSO WSN consumes less energy and has a lifetime at least twice as long as the RF-only WSN. For low and average optical blocking conditions, the RF/FSO WSN is also able to offer at least the same level of network coverage as the RF-only WSN.
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JINNO, Masahiko, Akira HIRANO, Yoshiaki SONE, Ken-ichi SATO, Hiroshi HASEGAWA, and Tatsumi TAKAGI. "Impact of Elastic Optical Paths That Adopt Distance Adaptive Modulation to Create Efficient Networks." 電子情報通信学会, 2012. https://search.ieice.org/.

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Books on the topic "EFFICIENT OPTICAL NETWORKS"

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Lai, Caroline Phooi-Mun. Cross-Layer Platform for Dynamic, Energy-Efficient Optical Networks. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2011.

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Pachnicke, Stephan. Fiber-Optic Transmission Networks: Efficient Design and Dynamic Operation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Transmission-efficient design and management of wavelength-routed optical networks. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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Ali, Maher. Transmission-Efficient Design and Management of Wavelength-Routed Optical Networks. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1491-6.

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Ali, Maher. Transmission-Efficient Design and Management of Wavelength-Routed Optical Networks. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001.

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Ng, Eddie Kai Ho. Illuminating the local area: Towards adaptive, efficient, practical optical access networks. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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Barakat, Neil. Sparse 3R regeneration in all-optical wavelength-routed networks: An analytical prediction model and an efficient 3R resource provisioning algorithm. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2002.

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Jim, Sullivan. Efficiency in transportation: Optimal transit networks for Vermont. Burlington, VT: The University of Vermont Transportation Research Center, 2012.

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Zhou, Xiang, and Chongjin Xie, eds. Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-Efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119078289.

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Pachnicke, Stephan. Fiber-Optic Transmission Networks: Efficient Design and Dynamic Operation. Springer, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "EFFICIENT OPTICAL NETWORKS"

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Puype, Bart, Ward Van Heddeghem, Didier Colle, Mario Pickavet, and Piet Demeester. "Energy-Efficient Traffic Engineering." In Optical Networks, 199–222. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5671-1_10.

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Cheyns, J., C. Develder, D. Colle, E. Van Breusegem, and P. Demeester. "Cost Efficient Upgrading of OPS Nodes." In Optical Networks and Technologies, 71–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23178-1_8.

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Turna, Özgür Can, Muhammed Ali Aydin, and Tülin Atmaca. "A Dynamic Energy Efficient Optical Line Terminal Design for Optical Access Network." In Computer Networks, 260–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19419-6_25.

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Bermond, J. C., L. Gargano, S. Perennes, A. A. Rescigno, and U. Vaccaro. "Efficient collective communication in optical networks." In Automata, Languages and Programming, 574–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61440-0_160.

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Pachnicke, Stephan. "Efficient Design of Fiber Optical Transmission Systems." In Fiber-Optic Transmission Networks, 55–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21055-6_4.

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Díaz, Josep, Jordi Petit, and Maria Serna. "Evaluation of Basic Protocols for Optical Smart Dust Networks." In Experimental and Efficient Algorithms, 97–106. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44867-5_8.

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Aneja, Y., A. Jaekel, S. Bandyopadhyay, and Y. Lu. "Efficient Traffic Grooming Scheme for WDM Network." In Current Research Progress of Optical Networks, 179–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9889-5_9.

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Mahala, Neha, and Jaisingh Thangaraj. "Efficient Spectrum Provisioning in Elastic Optical Networks." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 221–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39875-0_24.

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Ali, Maher. "Power-Efficient Design of Multicast Networks." In Transmission-Efficient Design and Management of Wavelength-Routed Optical Networks, 11–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1491-6_2.

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Auletta, V., I. Caragiannis, C. Kaklamanis, and P. Persiano. "Efficient wavelength routing in trees with low-degree converters." In Multichannel Optical Networks: Theory and Practice, 1–14. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/dimacs/046/01.

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Conference papers on the topic "EFFICIENT OPTICAL NETWORKS"

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Louri, Ahmed, Hongki Sung, Yoonkeon Moon, and Bernard P. Zeigler. "An Efficient Signal Distinction Scheme for Large-scale Free-space Optical Networks Using Genetic Algorithms." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1995.pthc5.

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Free-space optical interconnection networks can be classified into two types, space variant and space invariant, according to the degree of space variance [1]. The degree of space variance determines the network’s complexity and regularity. A totally space variant network allows a completely arbitrary interconnection between nodes, whereas a totally space invariant network has a definite, regular structure with all the nodes having the same connection patterns. In terms of physical implementations, the degree of space variance can be interpreted as the degree of sharing beam steering optics among the nodes of a given network. In other words, all nodes in a totally space-invariant network can share a single beam steering optics (considering multiple fanouts as one steering optics) to realize the given network topology, whereas, in a totally space variant network, each node requires a distinct beam steering optics. This is one of the reasons why space variant networks require complex optical implementations that often result in low interconnection density and high cost.
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Kilper, Dan. "Tutorial: Energy Efficient Networks." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2011.owi5.

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Willner, A. E. "Future highly-efficient optical networks." In 2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2005.202021.

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Musa, Mohamed O. I., Taisir E. H. El-Gorashi, and Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani. "Energy efficient core networks using network coding." In 2015 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2015.7193630.

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Baliga, Jayant, Robert Ayre, Kerry Hinton, and Rodney S. Tucker. "Architectures for Energy-Efficient IPTV Networks." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2009.othq5.

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Bathula, Balagangadhar G., and Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani. "Green networks: Energy efficient design for optical networks." In 2009 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wocn.2009.5010573.

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Saleh, Adel A. M. "All-optical WDM networks." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.fj2.

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With the recent developments in tunable lasers and filters, star couplers, wavelength-routing multiplexers, low-noise optical amplifiers, and even wavelength changers, optical WDM technology is now emerging as the most flexible and efficient technique for accessing the vast bandwidth of the optical fiber. It permits a large number of independent users to communicate over the same network at a staggering overall throughput without a significant degree of coordination. When envisioning the use of this technology to construct an optical network of national or international extent, it is desirable to keep the signal path all optical from source to destination to offer the network users the flexibility of using virtually arbitrary signaling formats and modulation rates. To realize this goal efficiently it is essential that the network architecture be hierarchical, e.g., local area networks (LANs) interconnected by metropolitan area networks (MANs), which, in turn, are interconnected by a wide area network (WAN) of possible global extent. The subnetworks in such a hierarchy should be decoupled in such a way as to allow optical frequency reuse. Thus, optical frequencies used for local communications within a given LAN could be reused within any other LAN without interference. This increases the overall network capacity, conserves signal power, and simplifies network management and fault isolation.
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Al-Quzweeni, A., Taisir E. H. El-Gorashi, L. Nonde, and Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani. "Energy efficient network function virtualization in 5G networks." In 2015 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2015.7193559.

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Raghavan, Prabhakar, and Eli Upfal. "Efficient routing in all-optical networks." In the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/195058.195119.

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Menendez, Ronald C., and Joel W. Gannett. "Efficient, Fault-Tolerant All-Optical Multicast Networks via Network Coding." In 2008 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication - OFC 2008 Collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ofc.2008.4528116.

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Reports on the topic "EFFICIENT OPTICAL NETWORKS"

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Ratmanski, Kiril, and Sergey Vecherin. Resilience in distributed sensor networks. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45680.

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With the advent of cheap and available sensors, there is a need for intelligent sensor selection and placement for various purposes. While previous research was focused on the most efficient sensor networks, we present a new mathematical framework for efficient and resilient sensor network installation. Specifically, in this work we formulate and solve a sensor selection and placement problem when network resilience is also a factor in the optimization problem. Our approach is based on the binary linear programming problem. The generic formulation is probabilistic and applicable to any sensor types, line-of-site and non-line-of-site, and any sensor modality. It also incorporates several realistic constraints including finite sensor supply, cost, energy consumption, as well as specified redundancy in coverage areas that require resilience. While the exact solution is computationally prohibitive, we present a fast algorithm that produces a near-optimal solution that can be used in practice. We show how such formulation works on 2D examples, applied to infrared (IR) sensor networks designed to detect and track human presence and movements in a specified coverage area. Analysis of coverage and comparison of sensor placement with and without resilience considerations is also performed.
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Yaroshchuk, Svitlana O., Nonna N. Shapovalova, Andrii M. Striuk, Olena H. Rybalchenko, Iryna O. Dotsenko, and Svitlana V. Bilashenko. Credit scoring model for microfinance organizations. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3683.

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The purpose of the work is the development and application of models for scoring assessment of microfinance institution borrowers. This model allows to increase the efficiency of work in the field of credit. The object of research is lending. The subject of the study is a direct scoring model for improving the quality of lending using machine learning methods. The objective of the study: to determine the criteria for choosing a solvent borrower, to develop a model for an early assessment, to create software based on neural networks to determine the probability of a loan default risk. Used research methods such as analysis of the literature on banking scoring; artificial intelligence methods for scoring; modeling of scoring estimation algorithm using neural networks, empirical method for determining the optimal parameters of the training model; method of object-oriented design and programming. The result of the work is a neural network scoring model with high accuracy of calculations, an implemented system of automatic customer lending.
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Canellas, Joao Vitor, Fabio Ritto, and Paul Tiwana. Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions to reduce inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0069.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the effects of different drugs to reduce postoperative inflammatory complications (pain, edema, and trismus) after mandibular third molar surgery by applying a frequentist network meta-analysis approach. To this end, the proposed study will answer the following questions: 1) Among diverse drugs currently available, which postoperative pharmacological regimen is the most efficient to reduce pain after mandibular third molar surgery? 2) Is the pre-emptive analgesia effective in reducing pain immediately after the mandibular third molar surgery? In this case, 3) Which preoperative pharmacological regimen is the most efficient? 4) Among diverse corticosteroids currently available, what is the best option to control the edema induced by the surgery? 5) What is the optimal dose and route of administration of corticosteroids prior to mandibular third molar surgery to control the pain/ edema induced by the surgery? Condition being studied: Inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery (Pain, edema, and trismus).
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Russo, David, Daniel M. Tartakovsky, and Shlomo P. Neuman. Development of Predictive Tools for Contaminant Transport through Variably-Saturated Heterogeneous Composite Porous Formations. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592658.bard.

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The vadose (unsaturated) zone forms a major hydrologic link between the ground surface and underlying aquifers. To understand properly its role in protecting groundwater from near surface sources of contamination, one must be able to analyze quantitatively water flow and contaminant transport in variably saturated subsurface environments that are highly heterogeneous, often consisting of multiple geologic units and/or high and/or low permeability inclusions. The specific objectives of this research were: (i) to develop efficient and accurate tools for probabilistic delineation of dominant geologic features comprising the vadose zone; (ii) to develop a complementary set of data analysis tools for discerning the fractal properties of hydraulic and transport parameters of highly heterogeneous vadose zone; (iii) to develop and test the associated computational methods for probabilistic analysis of flow and transport in highly heterogeneous subsurface environments; and (iv) to apply the computational framework to design an “optimal” observation network for monitoring and forecasting the fate and migration of contaminant plumes originating from agricultural activities. During the course of the project, we modified the third objective to include additional computational method, based on the notion that the heterogeneous formation can be considered as a mixture of populations of differing spatial structures. Regarding uncertainly analysis, going beyond approaches based on mean and variance of system states, we succeeded to develop probability density function (PDF) solutions enabling one to evaluate probabilities of rare events, required for probabilistic risk assessment. In addition, we developed reduced complexity models for the probabilistic forecasting of infiltration rates in heterogeneous soils during surface runoff and/or flooding events Regarding flow and transport in variably saturated, spatially heterogeneous formations associated with fine- and coarse-textured embedded soils (FTES- and CTES-formations, respectively).We succeeded to develop first-order and numerical frameworks for flow and transport in three-dimensional (3-D), variably saturated, bimodal, heterogeneous formations, with single and dual porosity, respectively. Regarding the sampling problem defined as, how many sampling points are needed, and where to locate them spatially in the horizontal x₂x₃ plane of the field. Based on our computational framework, we succeeded to develop and demonstrate a methdology that might improve considerably our ability to describe quntitaively the response of complicated 3-D flow systems. The results of the project are of theoretical and practical importance; they provided a rigorous framework to modeling water flow and solute transport in a realistic, highly heterogeneous, composite flow system with uncertain properties under-specified by data. Specifically, they: (i) enhanced fundamental understanding of the basic mechanisms of field-scale flow and transport in near-surface geological formations under realistic flow scenarios, (ii) provided a means to assess the ability of existing flow and transport models to handle realistic flow conditions, and (iii) provided a means to assess quantitatively the threats posed to groundwater by contamination from agricultural sources.
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