Academic literature on the topic 'Efficient influence function'
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Journal articles on the topic "Efficient influence function"
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Buhari, Rosnawati, and Ac Collop. "Pavement Primary Response Using Influence Function and Peak Influence Function." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1871.
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It was identified in previous research that errors in theoretical damage much associated with the influence function calculation. Thus, this paper present the efficient prediction of primary response due to dynamic vehicle loading using influence function and peak influence function approach. In order to provide the realistic loading condition, dynamic road response model with idealised loads representative by mathematical quarter-truck model with two degree of freedom was excited by a random road surface profile which equally spaced points along the simulated road with various different speeds. Consequently, the simplified computational approach (peak influence function method) was identified only a few points gave a small different compare with the influence function method for along the longitudinal distance. In order to identify the impact of both methods, further implementation was done to calculate fatigue damage (horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of a bound layer) or rutting damage (vertical compressive strain at the top of the subgrade layer) predicted by constant load moving at varies speed. It was found that the differences in response are particularly small and increased steadily as the increasing of the vehicle speed. It was conclude that the simplify calculation was able to predict stresses and strains sufficiently accurately and identified relatively small errors into the pavement damage prediction. Hence the simplification in particular much reduced the computation time sufficiently and minimized the computer resources significantly.
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Miao, Xiaoye, Yangyang Wu, Lu Chen, Yunjun Gao, Jun Wang, and Jianwei Yin. "Efficient and effective data imputation with influence functions." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 15, no. 3 (November 2021): 624–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3494124.3494143.
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Data imputation has been extensively explored to solve the missing data problem. The dramatically rising volume of missing data makes the training of imputation models computationally infeasible in real-life scenarios. In this paper, we propose an efficient and effective data imputation system with influence functions , named EDIT, which quickly trains a parametric imputation model with representative samples under imputation accuracy guarantees. EDIT mainly consists of two modules, i.e., an imputation influence evaluation (IIE) module and a representative sample selection (RSS) module. IIE leverages the influence functions to estimate the effect of (in)complete samples on the prediction result of parametric imputation models. RSS builds a minimum set of the high-effect samples to satisfy a user-specified imputation accuracy. Moreover, we introduce a weighted loss function that drives the parametric imputation model to pay more attention on the high-effect samples. Extensive experiments upon ten state-of-the-art imputation methods demonstrate that, EDIT adopts only about 5% samples to speed up the model training by 4x in average with more than 11% accuracy gain.
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Cao, Qi, Huawei Shen, Jinhua Gao, and Xueqi Cheng. "Learning diffusion model-free and efficient influence function for influence maximization from information cascades." Knowledge and Information Systems 63, no. 5 (March 19, 2021): 1173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10115-021-01556-6.
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Tristya, Hardini, Ktut Murniati, and Muhammad Irfan Affandi. "EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI BAWANG MERAH DI KECAMATAN KETAPANG KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 6, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v6i3.222-228.
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This study aims to analyze technical efficiency of onion farming and the factors that influence the technical inefficiency of onion farming. This research is conducted purposely in Ketapang Sub-district. The respondents are 49 farmers collected by sensus method. He research data is taken in September to November 2016. The technical efficiency is measured by frontier production function and estimated by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method with Frontier 4.1c computer program. The estimation of factor that influences the technical inefficiency is applied by linear regression model simultaneously obtained by using the frontier production function. The results showed that the average of technical efficiency of onion farming in Ketapang Sub-district was 0.93 which meant very efficient. Furthermore, the factors that significantly influenced the technical inefficiency of onion farm in Ketapang Sub-district were the farming experience and counseling frequency.Key words: frontier, onion farming, technical efficiency
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Saeidi, Ali, Olivier Deck, Marwan Al Heib, Thierry Verdel, and Alain Rouleau. "Adjusting the Influence Function Method for Subsidence Prediction." Key Engineering Materials 553 (June 2013): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.553.59.
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Theextraction of ore and minerals by underground mining may induce groundsubsidence phenomena. These phenomena produce several types of ground movement likehorizontal and vertical displacements, ground curvature and horizontal groundstrain at the surface, and associated building damage in urban regions. Theinfluence function is a well-known and efficient method for the prediction ofthese movements, but its application is restricted to mining configurationswith the same influence angle around the mine. However, this angle may displaydifferent values when the mine is not horizontal or when other subsidenceevents already occurred near the considered mine.In this paper a methodology and analgorithm are developed, based on the traditional influence function method inorder to take into account different influence angles. This methodology isimplemented in the Mathematicasoftware and a case study is presented with data from the Lorraine iron minefield in France. Ground movements calculated with the developed methodologyshow a fair concordance with observed data.
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Saeed, Nouman, Kai Long, Jamshed Ahmed Ansari, Nasif Raza Jaffri, and Usama Abrar. "Improved Efficient Projection Density Function Based on Topology Optimization." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (October 8, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1077990.
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Topology optimization is a powerful tool having capability of generating new solution to engineering design problems, while these designs enhance manufacturability and reduce manufacturing costs in a computational setting. Mesh-independent convergence and other techniques have been widely used as topology optimization technique, but they produce gray transition regions which is not a favorable condition for any material. In this article, a modified topology optimization formulation using a new function has been proposed. The suggested scheme makes use of the Heaviside Projection Method (HPM) to continuum topology optimization. Such technique is helpful to obtain the minimum length scale influence on void and solid phases. Application of this proposed approach is implemented to obtain the minimum compliance for macrostructures. Numerical remarkable examples illustrate the noteworthy value of the proposed approach.
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Nguyen, Bich-Ngan T., Phuong N. H. Pham, Van-Vang Le, and Václav Snášel. "Efficient Streaming Algorithms for Maximizing Monotone DR-Submodular Function on the Integer Lattice." Mathematics 10, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 3772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10203772.
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In recent years, the issue of maximizing submodular functions has attracted much interest from research communities. However, most submodular functions are specified in a set function. Meanwhile, recent advancements have been studied for maximizing a diminishing return submodular (DR-submodular) function on the integer lattice. Because plenty of publications show that the DR-submodular function has wide applications in optimization problems such as sensor placement impose problems, optimal budget allocation, social network, and especially machine learning. In this research, we propose two main streaming algorithms for the problem of maximizing a monotone DR-submodular function under cardinality constraints. Our two algorithms, which are called StrDRS1 and StrDRS2, have (1/2−ϵ), (1−1/e−ϵ) of approximation ratios and O(nϵlog(logBϵ)logk), O(nϵlogB), respectively. We conducted several experiments to investigate the performance of our algorithms based on the budget allocation problem over the bipartite influence model, an instance of the monotone submodular function maximization problem over the integer lattice. The experimental results indicate that our proposed algorithms not only provide solutions with a high value of the objective function, but also outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of both the number of queries and the running time.
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McMahon, B. R. "Control of cardiovascular function and its evolution in Crustacea." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.5.923.
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Work in the last decade has shown that crustacean open circulatory systems are highly efficient and controlled in a complex manner. Control occurs at several levels. Myocardial contraction is initiated in the cardiac ganglion but constantly modulated by the central nervous system, both directly via the cardioregulatory nerves and indirectly via the neurohormonal system. Heart rate and stroke volume can be controlled independently and measurements of both are needed to assess cardiac output accurately. Haemolymph outflow from many arthropod hearts is via a complex multiarterial distribution system, and the regional distribution of cardiac output is tightly controlled via cardioarterial valves at the base of each artery. These valves contain innervated muscle, and differential contraction serves to regulate the efflux of oxygenated haemolymph into a particular system. The major influence on both the evolution and control of arthropod open blood vascular systems is efficiency of oxygen uptake and delivery. This influence is illustrated by reference to a variety of crustacean and other arthropod types.
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Liu, Shuangbiao, and Qian Wang. "Studying Contact Stress Fields Caused by Surface Tractions With a Discrete Convolution and Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 1 (June 19, 2001): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1401017.
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The knowledge of contact stresses is critical to the design of a tribological element. It is necessary to keep improving contact models and develop efficient numerical methods for contact studies, particularly for the analysis involving coated bodies with rough surfaces. The fast Fourier Transform technique is likely to play an important role in contact analyses. It has been shown that the accuracy in an algorithm with the fast Fourier Transform is closely related to the convolution theorem employed. The algorithm of the discrete convolution and fast Fourier Transform, named the DC-FFT algorithm includes two routes of problem solving: DC-FFT/Influence coefficients/Green’s function for the cases with known Green’s functions and DC-FFT/Influence coefficient/conversion, if frequency response functions are known. This paper explores the method for the accurate conversion for influence coefficients from frequency response functions, further improves the DC-FFT algorithm, and applies this algorithm to analyze the contact stresses in an elastic body under pressure and shear tractions for high efficiency and accuracy. A set of general formulas of the frequency response function for the elastic field is derived and verified. Application examples are presented and discussed.
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Mulyadi, Maheran, Ketut Sukiyono, and Sriyoto Sriyoto. "ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF TECHNICAL AND FACTORS AFFECTING IN AROMATIC RICE FARMING IN THE SELUMA REGENCY." Journal of Agri Socio-Economics and Business 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jaseb.3.1.1-12.
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The research objective is to determine the level of technical efficiency and the factors that influence the level of technical inefficiency, to analyze the relationship between input and output in the production process of aromatic rice farming in Seluma regency.Total number of respondents were 73 farmers who planted Aromatic rice. The Cobb Douglass of Frontier Stochastic approach was used, whereas for the factors that influence the inefficiency function as the initial answer of the above analysis results of the production function parameter were obtained through the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), with an LR value of 14.3620 which was higher than t table 99% (2.39). It had a significant effect on the 99% confidence level. It was seem that, there was no meaning that all aromatic rice farmers in the regency were 100% efficient. It could be seen that the MLE log-likelihood value of 29.9157 was higher than the OLS log-likelihood value of 22.7347. The lowest technical efficiency value was achieved by the farmers by 0.55 and the highest by 0.97. In the research area, the majority of the use of production factors was efficient, from 73.34% already in the value of efficiency between 0.90-1.00, meaning that 73.34% had approached the maximum efficiency. The result of the disseminated coefficient (R2) of 0.277 could mean a significant effect of 27.7 percent on the inefficiency variable while the remaining 72.3 percent is influenced by other factors not included in this research variable.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Efficient influence function"
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Braden, Dale Andrew. "Part 1--Elucidation of the structure and properties of 19-electron organometallic complexes using density functional theory ; Part 2--Solvent cage effects--identification of solvent and solute characteristics which influence the recombination efficiency of geminate radicals /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9963443.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-176). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address:http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9963443.
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Ke, Tsz-Yi, and 柯慈儀. "The Influence of Undesirable Output on Operating Efficiency of Banks: Application of Directional Distance Function." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06044310492771376758.
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博士東吳大學
經濟學系
94
After the deregulation, the competition between the banks became more competitive and the stress of operating of local banks gets heavier than ever before. In recently studies, most of researchers focus on the estimation technical efficient of banks. Few articles have viewed non-performing loans as undesirable output and computed its shadow prices. In this study, we use three different types to find out the relative shadow price of non-performing loans, inclusing input and output distance function, and the directional distance function. Not only find the shadow prices but also measure the Nerlovian profit indicators, technical efficiencies and allocative efficiencies of local banks. We find that new banks and non-financial holding banks will pay higher opportunity cost to solve the non-performing loans problem. The greater part banks have technical improvement. The technical efficiency of new banks is better than old banks’, and financial Holding banks’ worse than non-financial Holding banks’. The allocative efficiencies of old banks and financial holding banks are better then other banks. The profit efficiencies of old banks and financial holding banks are also better then other banks.
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HUEI-CIH, LUO, and 羅惠慈. "The Study on the Influence of Home Service Supervision Training Towards Self-efficiency and Supervision Function." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83776363374235490278.
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碩士實踐大學
社會工作學系碩士班
102
Taiwan's population has become an aging society. In order to the purpose of aging in place, the government pushed the plan of ten years long-term care program in 2007, by the ways of holistic care, aging in place, and diverse continuous service, to help elderly people who would like to stay in own homes. Home-service accounts a large proportion of long-term care. A priori, therefore, the supervisor plays a role of management, so the quality of supervisory function is more important. This paper asks how well home care supervisor training in terms of affecting about self-efficacy and training effectiveness. The data come from the Kaohsiung home-service unit of the supervisor who is still in practice via questionnaire collected. One hundred and ten questionnaires were returned (100%). The results showed that gender is involved in performance of administrative functions; the age affected performance of the administrative and regulatory function and also the years of work experience affected the performance of regulatory function. However, for the regulate function, only the advanced training among education training has a significant impact. We explore the influence of four consequences (mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, emotional arousal) of self-efficacy using a variation of the measure of supervisory function. We provide evidence that significant positive impact on regulate supervisory function, especially of emotional arousal and mastery experiences. This study suggests that home care units should establish a regular personnel system, and enhance intent to stay home services supervisor, and regularly scheduled service supervisors on diverse and interactive learning in education and training. For the supervisors, the ability could be improved through increasing the professional skill, keeping more confidence, and willing to learn and progress. The evidence reported in home care supervisor implies that supervisors should average the learning of training of basic and advanced training, instead of focusing on a few contents. Moreover, the effectively education training, is not only the only learning with academic and theoretical, but also helpful in getting more experience.
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Козаченко, Олександр Васильович, Александр Васильевич Козаченко, and Oleksandr V. Kozachenko. "Кримінально-правові заходи в Україні : культуро-антропологічна концепція." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11300/3046.
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Козаченко О. В. Кримінально-правові заходи в Україні : культуро-антропологічна концепція : дисертація на здобуття наук. ступ. д-ра юрид. наук : спец. 12.00.08 / Олександр Васильович Козаченко; НУ "ОЮА". – Одеса, 2012. – 430 с.Наук. консультант - д-р юрид. наук, проф. В. О. Туляков
Офіційні опоненти : д-р юрид. наук, проф. О. М. Костенко; д-р юрид. наук, проф. В. К. Грищук; д-р юрид. наук, проф. В. О. Меркулова
Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню кримінально-правових заходів як системи прийомів і способів примусового та реабілітаційно-заохочувального впливу держави на кримінальні практики, правомірну поведінку, детерміновані культурним середовищем, яке існує в конкретно-історичних умовах. Обґрунтовано доцільність і необхідність використання культуро-антропологічної методології в процесі дослідження кримінально-правових заходів, їх генезису, функціонування і практики застосування. Додатково аргументовано необхідність дослідження феномену права на засадах абсолютизації генетичного взаємозв’язку з культурою. Систематизовано концептуальні ідеї щодо суттєвих та змістовних характеристик системи кримінально-правових заходів. Визначено історично обумовлену, доктринально виважену, функціонально вивірену та практично доцільну можливість використання уніфікованого поняття «кримінально-правові заходи». Охарактеризовано об’єктивні та суб’єктивні змістовні властивості як кримінально-правових заходів у цілому, так і окремих їх видів. Досліджено історичні витоки кримінально-правового регулювання відносин, що виникають у процесі застосування кримінально-правових заходів, визначено основні етапи формування кримінального права на українських землях та суттєві властивості, які визначають особливості українського пеналізаційного (депеналізаційного) процесу. Установлено культуро-антропологічні властивості функцій кримінально-правових заходів, проаналізовано суттєві ознаки та структурні елементи окремих видів функцій, які реалізуються у процесі застосування кримінально-правових заходів. Уточнено публічно-правові засади застосування кримінально-правових заходів з позиції застосування культуро-антропологічної методології. На підставі виокремлення основних та додаткових видів розроблено та запропоновано до використання алгоритм застосування системи кримінально-правових заходів.
Books on the topic "Efficient influence function"
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Naji, Abdennasser. Total Quality Management in Education: Conditions for systemic improvement of the quality of learning outcomes. amazon, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37870/979-8694752237.
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This book deals with the issue of the quality of education systems by examining the key factors that influence learning outcomes, and by highlighting in a systemic way the determinants of this quality. I have shown the importance of considering the quality of learning outcomes as the ultimate and unavoidable objective of any education system that aims to be efficient and effective. I reviewed the theoretical bases that concern the politics, approaches and mechanisms of quality management applied to education. I developed a model called Elmandjra, which tries to explain the influence links that can exist between the inputs, the processes and the outputs of an education system, and how they must function to improve the quality of the learning outcomes. To answer the problem of the book, I compared the proposed model to the reality of the Moroccan educational system based on a research methodology that combines discussion within a focus group, and analysis of statistical data and results of international surveys concerning the Moroccan education system. The results of the work made it possible to establish a model for the quality of education systems comprising nine criteria. They also generated 52 indicators which use will enable other researchers to apply the model to the institutional assessment of education systems. I ended my book by presenting the conclusions on the state of the Moroccan education system that the exploitation of the Elmandjra model made it possible to draw, as well as by recommendations to improve the quality of the Moroccan education system, which other countries can to be inspired to improve theirs.
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Anderson, James A. After Digital. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199357789.001.0001.
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We are surrounded by digital computers. They do many things well that humans do not and have transformed our lives. But all computers are not the same. Although digital computers dominate today’s world, alternative ways to “compute” might be better and more efficient than digital computation when mechanically performing those tasks, important to humans, that we think of as “cognition.” Cognition, after all, was originally developed to work with our own specific biological hardware. Digital computers require elaborate detailed instructions to work; they are flexible but not simple. Analog computers are designed to do specific tasks. They can be simple but not flexible. Hardware matters. The book discusses two classic kinds of computer, digital and analog, and gives examples of their history, functions, and limitations. The author suggest that when brain “hardware,” with its associated brain “software” work together, it could form a computer architecture that would be useful for the efficient performance of cognitive tasks. This book discusses the essentials of brain hardware—in particular, the cerebral cortex, where cognition lives—and how cortical structure can influence the form taken by the computational operations underlying cognition. Topics include association, understanding complex systems through analogy, formation of abstractions, and the biology of number and its use in arithmetic and mathematics. The author introduces novel “brain-like” control mechanisms: active associative search and traveling waves. There is discussion on computing across scales of organization from single neurons to brain regions containing millions of neurons.
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Scerif, Gaia, and Rachel Wu. Developmental Disorders. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.030.
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Tracing the development of attentional deficits and their cascading effects in genetically and functionally defined disorders allows an understanding of intertwined developing systems on three levels. At the cognitive level, attention influences perception, learning, and memory. Attention and other cognitive processes interact to produce cascading effects across developmental time. At a systems neuroscience level, developmental disorders can reveal the systems and mechanisms necessary to attain adults’ efficient attentional processes. At the level of cellular neuroscience and functional genomics, disorders of known genetic aetiology provide inroads into cellular pathways and protein networks leading to attentional deficits across development. This chapter draws from both genetically defined and functionally defined disorders to delineate the complexities and necessity of studying attentional deficits and their neural correlates. Studying developmental disorders highlights the need to study attentional processes and other cognitive processes (e.g. memory and learning) in tandem, given their inseparable nature.
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Stefańska, Magdalena, ed. Sustainability and sustainable development. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-074-6.
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The aim of this book is to present the most important issues related to sustainable development (SD) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). They are discussed from a macro and micro perspective, both in the form of theoretical foundations of these concepts and practical examples of companies operating in Central and Eastern European countries that have implemented these ideas in their daily operations and translated them into corporate and functional strategies. The book consists of four parts. The first one is theoretical in its assumptions and is devoted to explaining the key concepts of sustainable development (SD) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The authors describe the determinants of sustainable development in the contemporary world, including the most important ones, such as globalization, climate change, poverty, unlimited consumption, as well as limited access to natural resources - all in relation to the goals of sustainable development. The chapter also discusses the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which is now recognized as the process by which business contributes to the implementation of sustainable development. How sustainable development (SD) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are incorporated into the organization's strategies and influence the corporate strategy on the corporate and functional areas of the organization is presented in the last chapter of the first part of the e-book. The next part of the e-book helps readers understand the concepts of SD and CSR in the field of organizational strategy - in strategic management, and at the level of functional strategies—marketing, human resources, marketing research, accounting and operational management. The authors explain the reasons why companies need to consider the local and global perspective when setting SDGs, and the existence of potential conflicts within them. Taking into account the area of marketing, the authors point to the increase in environmental and social awareness of all stakeholders, which translates into changes in the criteria for decision-making by managers and risk assessment. The issue of sustainability is also the subject of market research. Companies producing products and services, institutions dealing with environmental or consumer protection, scientists and students conduct many research projects related to, inter alia, much more. How to use secondary data for analysis and how to prepare, conduct, analyze and interpret the results of primary research in that area are discussed in detail in the next chapter of this section. The concept of SD also refers to the basic functions of human resource management (HRM)—recruitment, motivation, evaluation and control. They should take into account SD not only for the efficiency of the organization and long-term economic benefits, but also for ethical reasons. Thanks to the SHRM, the awareness and behavior of the entire organization can strongly express sustainable goals in the planning and implementation of the overall corporate strategy. The growing importance of the idea of SD and the concept of CSR also resulted in the need for accounting and finance to develop solutions enabling the provision of information on the methods and results of implementing these concepts in entities operating on the market. This part of the book also examines manufacturing activities in the context of sustainability. As a result, many problems arise: waste of resources, mismanagement, excessive energy consumption, environmental pollution, use of human potential, etc. The chapter presents such concepts as: zero-waste, lean-manufacturing, six-sigma, circular production, design and recycling products in the life cycle as well as ecological and environmentally friendly production. The next two parts of the e-book contain examples of companies from Central and Eastern Europe that used SD goals in their strategies, questions and tasks for readers.
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Sobczyk, Eugeniusz Jacek. Uciążliwość eksploatacji złóż węgla kamiennego wynikająca z warunków geologicznych i górniczych. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33223/onermin/0222.
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Hard coal mining is characterised by features that pose numerous challenges to its current operations and cause strategic and operational problems in planning its development. The most important of these include the high capital intensity of mining investment projects and the dynamically changing environment in which the sector operates, while the long-term role of the sector is dependent on factors originating at both national and international level. At the same time, the conditions for coal mining are deteriorating, the resources more readily available in active mines are being exhausted, mining depths are increasing, temperature levels in pits are rising, transport routes for staff and materials are getting longer, effective working time is decreasing, natural hazards are increasing, and seams with an increasing content of waste rock are being mined. The mining industry is currently in a very difficult situation, both in technical (mining) and economic terms. It cannot be ignored, however, that the difficult financial situation of Polish mining companies is largely exacerbated by their high operating costs. The cost of obtaining coal and its price are two key elements that determine the level of efficiency of Polish mines. This situation could be improved by streamlining the planning processes. This would involve striving for production planning that is as predictable as possible and, on the other hand, economically efficient. In this respect, it is helpful to plan the production from operating longwalls with full awareness of the complexity of geological and mining conditions and the resulting economic consequences. The constraints on increasing the efficiency of the mining process are due to the technical potential of the mining process, organisational factors and, above all, geological and mining conditions. The main objective of the monograph is to identify relations between geological and mining parameters and the level of longwall mining costs, and their daily output. In view of the above, it was assumed that it was possible to present the relationship between the costs of longwall mining and the daily coal output from a longwall as a function of onerous geological and mining factors. The monograph presents two models of onerous geological and mining conditions, including natural hazards, deposit (seam) parameters, mining (technical) parameters and environmental factors. The models were used to calculate two onerousness indicators, Wue and WUt, which synthetically define the level of impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process in relation to: —— operating costs at longwall faces – indicator WUe, —— daily longwall mining output – indicator WUt. In the next research step, the analysis of direct relationships of selected geological and mining factors with longwall costs and the mining output level was conducted. For this purpose, two statistical models were built for the following dependent variables: unit operating cost (Model 1) and daily longwall mining output (Model 2). The models served two additional sub-objectives: interpretation of the influence of independent variables on dependent variables and point forecasting. The models were also used for forecasting purposes. Statistical models were built on the basis of historical production results of selected seven Polish mines. On the basis of variability of geological and mining conditions at 120 longwalls, the influence of individual parameters on longwall mining between 2010 and 2019 was determined. The identified relationships made it possible to formulate numerical forecast of unit production cost and daily longwall mining output in relation to the level of expected onerousness. The projection period was assumed to be 2020–2030. On this basis, an opinion was formulated on the forecast of the expected unit production costs and the output of the 259 longwalls planned to be mined at these mines. A procedure scheme was developed using the following methods: 1) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) – mathematical multi-criteria decision-making method, 2) comparative multivariate analysis, 3) regression analysis, 4) Monte Carlo simulation. The utilitarian purpose of the monograph is to provide the research community with the concept of building models that can be used to solve real decision-making problems during longwall planning in hard coal mines. The layout of the monograph, consisting of an introduction, eight main sections and a conclusion, follows the objectives set out above. Section One presents the methodology used to assess the impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is reviewed and basic definitions used in the following part of the paper are introduced. The section includes a description of AHP which was used in the presented analysis. Individual factors resulting from natural hazards, from the geological structure of the deposit (seam), from limitations caused by technical requirements, from the impact of mining on the environment, which affect the mining process, are described exhaustively in Section Two. Sections Three and Four present the construction of two hierarchical models of geological and mining conditions onerousness: the first in the context of extraction costs and the second in relation to daily longwall mining. The procedure for valuing the importance of their components by a group of experts (pairwise comparison of criteria and sub-criteria on the basis of Saaty’s 9-point comparison scale) is presented. The AHP method is very sensitive to even small changes in the value of the comparison matrix. In order to determine the stability of the valuation of both onerousness models, a sensitivity analysis was carried out, which is described in detail in Section Five. Section Six is devoted to the issue of constructing aggregate indices, WUe and WUt, which synthetically measure the impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process in individual longwalls and allow for a linear ordering of longwalls according to increasing levels of onerousness. Section Seven opens the research part of the work, which analyses the results of the developed models and indicators in individual mines. A detailed analysis is presented of the assessment of the impact of onerous mining conditions on mining costs in selected seams of the analysed mines, and in the case of the impact of onerous mining on daily longwall mining output, the variability of this process in individual fields (lots) of the mines is characterised. Section Eight presents the regression equations for the dependence of the costs and level of extraction on the aggregated onerousness indicators, WUe and WUt. The regression models f(KJC_N) and f(W) developed in this way are used to forecast the unit mining costs and daily output of the designed longwalls in the context of diversified geological and mining conditions. The use of regression models is of great practical importance. It makes it possible to approximate unit costs and daily output for newly designed longwall workings. The use of this knowledge may significantly improve the quality of planning processes and the effectiveness of the mining process.
Book chapters on the topic "Efficient influence function"
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Karpiel, Ilona. "Influence of the Reorientation Function on Brodmann Areas Detection Efficiency." In Innovations in Biomedical Engineering, 267–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99112-8_27.
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Acetoze, G., R. Kurzbard, J. J. Ramsey, K. C. Klasing, and H. A. Rossow. "Influence of mitochondrial function on feed efficiency of broilers with and without growth enhancing levels of minerals supplementation during a coccidiosis challenge." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production, 393–94. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_140.
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le Roux, Johannes J. "Molecular ecology of plant-microbial interactions during invasions: progress and challenges." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 340–62. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0340.
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Abstract Microbes are omnipresent, yet their interactions with invasive plants remain understudied. This is surprising, given the importance of microbes in plant community ecology and their influence on plant performance in new environments. Recent advances in molecular genetic approaches have opened the door to studying this unseen majority in great detail and to understand how they fit into ecological interaction networks. Molecular approaches allow rapid assessments of microbial diversity at reasonable cost while providing both taxonomic and evolutionary information. Here I discuss how these approaches have contributed to a better understanding of plant-microbial interactions in the context of biological invasions. By drawing insights from various case studies, I illustrate how next-generation sequencing (DNA barcoding) has revolutionized the way we understand such interactions. Tight-knit and coevolved mutualist (e.g. mycorrhizal) and antagonist (e.g. pathogen) interactions appear particularly promising to understand the structure and function of invasive plant-microbial interaction networks, the impacts of invasive plants on native networks and the vulnerability of native networks to infiltration by non-native species. I also discuss novel ways in which molecular data can aid the study of invasive plant-microbial interactions, such as incorporating phylogenetic data into network analyses to better understand the role of evolutionary history in network dynamics and how such dynamics respond to plant invasions. DNA barcoding of microbes also presents unique challenges to the study of network ecology, such as uncertainty in the legitimacy and efficiency of interactions. Future research should incorporate overall plant-associated microbial communities (microbiomes) into interaction networks to better understand the role microbes play during plant invasions.
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Chabannon, Christian, and Chiara Bonini. "Structure of and Signalling Through Chimeric Antigen Receptor." In The EBMT/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook, 3–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_1.
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AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a synthetic transmembrane protein expressed at the surface of immune effector cells (IECs) that are reprogrammed either in vitro or in vivo (June et al. 2018; June and Sadelain 2018). Techniques for genetic engineering of autologous or allogeneic IECs are described in the next chapter. The synthetic CAR incorporates several functional domains. The extracellular domain is composed of a single chain variable fragment (ScFV) of immunoglobulin and recognizes the “tumour” antigen. The clinical relevance of the selected tumour antigen—with a view to minimize “on-target/off-tumour” side effects—is discussed in the third chapter of this section. Bispecific and trispecific CARs are currently being evaluated in preclinical and early clinical trials (Bielamowicz et al. 2018; Shah et al. 2020). The use of an immunoglobulin domain as the ligand of the target antigen means that recognition is not restricted to HLA antigens and that CAR-T cells are universally applicable as opposed to T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T cells that recognize antigenic peptides presented in the context of a defined major histocompatibility complex (MHC), limiting clinical applications to subsets of patients with defined HLA typing. The intracellular domain is composed of the intracellular domain of the zeta chain of the CD3 component of the TCR, which will trigger signalling when the CAR engages the targeted ligand. The transmembrane region links the two extracellular and intracellular domains through the cell membrane and plays an important role in determining the conformation and flexibility of the CAR and its ability to efficiently bind the targeted antigen/epitope. Association of only these three functional domains characterized first generation CARs, as described in the original publications (Kuwana et al. 1987; Eshhar et al. 1993). However, full activation of T cells requires the addition of one (second generation CARs) or two (third generation CARs) domains from costimulatory molecules, such as CD28, 4-1BB/CD137, or OX40/CD134, that provide the T cell costimulatory signal. Currently approved CAR-T cells are second generation CAR-T cells; as an illustration, the CAR in tisagenlecleucel contains a 4-1BB domain, while the CAR in axicabtagene ciloleucel contains a CD28 domain. The nature of the costimulatory domain influences the ability of CAR-T cells to expand or persist (limit T cell exhaustion) in vivo after infusion into the patient, although it is unclear how this translates clinically and affects disease control, occurrence of adverse events, and overall survival due to the lack of head-to-head comparison between approved products. Finally, fourth generation CAR-T cells have been developed for preclinical projects. These cells, named armoured CAR cells or T cells redirected for universal cytokine-mediated killing (TRUCKS), encode not only a CAR (usually with one costimulatory domain, such as in second generation CARs) but also a cytokine, interleukin, pro-inflammatory ligand, or chemokine that will counteract the immune suppressive microenvironment that prevails in most solid tumours (Eshhar et al. 1993; Chmielewski and Abken 2015).
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Basso, Cristina, Peter T. Buser, Stefania Rizzo, Massimo Lombardi, and Gaetano Thiene. "CMR approach in cardiac tumours." In The EACVI Textbook of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, edited by Massimo Lombardi, Sven Plein, Steffen Petersen, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Emanuela R. Valsangiacomo Buechel, Cristina Basso, and Victor Ferrari, 466–68. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779735.003.0040.
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging of cardiac masses provides a multplicity of information, e.g. on localization, extension, dimensions, infiltration of cardiac and/or peri-/para-cardiac tissue, influence on cardiac function and flow, vascularization of the mass, and most importantly tissue characterization. However, since time to investigate a patient within the magnetic resonance scanner is limited, it is recommended to follow published CMR protocols in order to perform highly efficient CMR examinations and nevertheless receive optimized information per unit of investigational time. Furthermore, some criteria may allow differentiation of benign from malignant tumours.
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Boisselle, Angela. "Considerations for the End-User." In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice, 1–11. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9740-9.ch001.
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The development of efficient and effective virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation systems requires an intimate understanding of function, disability, and the end-user. This chapter presents three aims: 1) provide an overview of United States and international rehabilitation legislation and initiatives related to rehab technology; 2) examine types of rehabilitation therapy (occupational, physical, and speech) and the importance of on-going inter-disciplinary collaboration with computer engineers; and 3) expand knowledge of factors that influence end-users participation in VR rehabilitation, which includes user-technology match, and device compliance. Consideration of these aims will help computer engineers and researchers create VR rehabilitation systems through a collaborative and user-centered approach that meet international standards of practice.
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Thareja, Preeti, and Rajender Singh Chhillar. "Applications of Deep learning models in Bioinformatics." In Machine Learning Algorithms for Intelligent Data Analytics. Technoarete Research And Development Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/mlaida/2022.12.b1.ch009.
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Deep learning (DL) models have had an influence on machine learning-based in bioinformatics applications since they allow for the learning of complicated non-linear interactions between functionalities. Deep learning models also enable information utilized from large unlabeled data that is unrelated to the problem under investigation. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are important in a variety of biological functions, including cell signaling, immune function, and cellular organization. PPIs analysis is thus vital, as it may spotlight the detection of targeted proteins and their role in the disease and thus help in designing treatments for it. PPIs play critical roles in life processes, and abnormal interactions are linked to a variety of disorders. Identification of interaction sites is critical for understanding disease mechanisms and designing new drugs. Because of the overall cost of experimental methods, effective and efficient computational methods for PPI prediction are extremely valuable. Machine learning and deep learning techniques have produced remarkable results, but their efficacy is highly reliant on protein interpretation and feature extraction. This chapter will explain various deep learning models that can be used in Bioinformatics as well as the challenges they face.
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Davies, Simon. "Peritoneal dialysis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by John D. Firth, 4874–79. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0480.
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Peritoneal dialysis is achieved by repeated cycles of instillation and drainage of dialysis fluid within the peritoneal cavity, with the two main functions of dialysis—solute and fluid removal—occurring due to the contact between dialysis fluid and the capillary circulation of the parietal and visceral peritoneum across the peritoneal membrane. It can be used to provide renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. Practical aspects—choice of peritoneal dialysis as an effective modality for renal replacement in the short to medium term (i.e. several years) is, for most patients, a lifestyle issue. Typically, a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis will require three to four exchanges of 1.5 to 2.5 litres of dialysate per day. Automated peritoneal dialysis and use of the glucose polymer dialysis solution icodextrin enables flexibility of prescription that can mitigate the effects of membrane function (high solute transport). Peritonitis—this remains the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis, presenting with cloudy dialysis effluent, with or without abdominal pain and/or fever, and confirmed by a leucocyte count greater than 100 cells/µl in the peritoneal fluid. Empirical antibiotic treatment, either intraperitoneal or systemic, with cover for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, should be commenced immediately while awaiting specific cultures and sensitivities. Long-term changes in peritoneal membrane function influence survival on peritoneal dialysis if fluid removal is less efficient (ultrafiltration failure), especially in the absence of residual kidney function. This is the main limitation of treatment, along with avoiding the risk of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis—a life-threatening complication of peritoneal dialysis, particularly if of long duration (15–20% incidence after 10 years), that is characterized by severe inflammatory thickening, especially of the mesenteric peritoneum, resulting in an encapsulation and progressive obstruction of the bowel.
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Kijevčanin, Ružica. "OSNOVNA OBELEŽJA USTAVNIH SUDOVA U AUSTRIJI I ITALIJI." In USKLAĐIVANjE pravnog sistema Srbije sa standardima Evropske unije. [Knj. 10], 281–89. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upssx.281k.
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The Constitutional Court is the guarantor of the rule of law. Its basic function is to ensure the protection of basic human and minority rights and freedoms and judicial control of the constitutionality and legality of normative acts. It is important for every modern state to organize its constitutional judiciary in the most efficient way possible, and comparative legal solutions and experiences are certainly helpful on that path. In order to fully understand the role played by this state body, we analyzed the Constitutional Court of Austria, and then of Italy. The constitutional courts of these countries had a great influence when regulating the way of functioning, but also the organization of many constitutional courts, as well as the Constitutional Court in the Republic of Serbia. We felt that it is important to pay attention to this issue, because a proper understanding of each institution, starting from its very beginning to the modern forms in which it exists today, is of crucial importance for the full implementation and achievement of purpose in the life of the state and its citizens.
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Senapati, Sibananda, and Vijaya Gupta. "Impacts of Climate Change on Fish Productivity." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 243–60. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8814-8.ch012.
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This paper attempts to understand the climatic and socio-economic factors influencing the efficiency and thereby the livelihood of fishing community in Mumbai. Efficiency in fishing is influenced by the scale of production, technology and inputs used, socio-economic and climate sensitive factors such as temperature, current, wind, rainfall etc. A primary survey of 164 fishing households is conducted in five fishing villages of Mumbai to collect input-output and other relevant data related to socioeconomic and climatic factors. Using stochastic frontier function, it is found that the number of working days, fuel costs, number of workers along with type of family, education, electronic gadgets used in fishing and observation on temperature change significantly affects the productivity and thereby their preparedness. The fishermen belonging to nuclear family and using advanced fishing equipments along with those are observing a rise in temperature successfully adapted and their efficiency level is increased. Mostly rich and affluent fishermen are more efficient than others. The estimated technical efficiencies for the fishing households range from 0.12 to 0.87, with a mean efficiency level of 0.39. Technological advancement in the production process with large scale of operation significantly influences fishermen's awareness, adaptability to climate change and also the efficiency.
Conference papers on the topic "Efficient influence function"
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Zaripov, Jamshed A. "Influence of temperature and impurity on change in thermal conductivity of composite reinforcement." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM (ISTS) «IMPROVING ENERGY AND RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF PROCESSES AND DEVICES IN CHEMICAL AND RELATED INDUSTRIES». The Kosygin State University of Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/eeste-2021-2-161-162.
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"Investigation of the thermophysical properties of composite reinforcement as a function of temperature is an important scientific problem of great practical importance. From a practical point of view, information on the thermophysical properties of composite reinforcement is important for high-temperature technology - without them, it is impossible to create reliable structures in construction, predict the behavior of materials in extreme conditions."
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Tseng, Ian, Jonathan Cagan, and Kenneth Kotovsky. "Form Function Fidelity." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48325.
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Engineering goals are typically rooted in addressing the functional needs of a product. While these engineering goals and specifications can be important in consumers’ buying decisions, many times the first impression of the product comes from judgments of the product’s aesthetic form. For this reason, this paper set out to study how well human judgment of performance based on a car’s shape correlates with the actual measured performance of the car’s shape, and what features of the car’s shape most influence this judgment. More specifically, participants were asked to rate how aerodynamic, sporty, fuel efficient, and rugged a computer generated car design appeared to them, and these ratings were analyzed against the actual aerodynamics of the vehicle as well as key indicators of sportiness and cornering stability such as center of gravity and wheel stance. The inter-rater consistency of human judgments was also studied. Using this human judgment data, the attributes in car design with the greatest effect on participant judgment of vehicle performance were identified, and were compared against their importance and effect in actual vehicle performance. Analysis of this data gives key insights about how car designers can create designs that better convey the desired goals of a car to consumers while also meeting those performance goals.
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Deshpande, Srikanth, Marcus Thern, and Magnus Genrup. "Influence of Compound Lean on an Industrial Steam Turbine Stage." In ASME 2015 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2015-1221.
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Compound lean implemented on stator of an industrial steam turbine stage in order to reduce secondary losses are discussed. Baseline stator is a prismatic vane with aspect ratio of unity. Compound lean stator blade is designed by shearing the airfoil sections in tangential direction. Modifications are analyzed numerically using commercial code CFX. Three blade rows i.e. one complete stage with a downstream stator are analyzed. Steady state Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes equations are solved. Total pressure loss (TPL) is used as objective function to monitor reduction in secondary losses. Rotor is retained the same for baseline as well as compound leaned stator. Results show reduction in total pressure loss of stator in excess of 5 %. Also, computations of co-efficient of secondary kinetic energy shows significant reduction in secondary losses in excess of 30 % in stator. Efficiency gained by implementation of compound lean are discussed.
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Kurosaki, Masahiro, Minoru Sasamoto, Kentaro Asaka, Keiko Nakamura, and Daiki Kakiuchi. "An Efficient Transient Simulation Method for a Volume Dynamics Model." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75353.
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This paper presents an efficient numerical integration method for a volume dynamics model in gas turbine engine transient simulations. It is a modified implicit Euler method that allows a time increment that would not be stable with the explicit Euler method. The Jacobian matrix of a nonlinear engine model is evaluated along the steady state engine operation line and scheduled as a function of the corrected shaft speed in advance, eliminating the necessity of computing during the simulation. The proposed method was applied to transient simulations of a compressor rig test model composed of a compressor, a nozzle with variable geometry and a volume placed between them. The eigenvalues of the simplified volume dynamics were analytically derived. It is shown that they are functions of the characteristic time of the volume defined by mass present in the volume divided by mass flow rate flowing into and out of the volume and dimensionless influence coefficients of nearby components.
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Zhang, Zhenzhong, and Shijian Zhu. "Study on the Method of Modified Random Decrement for Transfer Function." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48451.
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This paper presents a modified random decrement method to obtain the steady-state response of vibration system. The expressions are deduced. Two numerical simulations and verification are given. The efficiencies of the modified method and the conventional process are compared. It is shown that the method is more efficient than the conventional process to diminish the influence of the initial excitation on the transfer function calculation of the vibration system.
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Dechamps, P. J. "The Optimization of Combined Cycle HRSGs as a Function of the Plant Load Duty." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-497.
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Natural gas fired combined cycle power plants now take a substantial share of the power generation market, mainly because they can be delivering power with a remarkable efficiency shortly after the decision to install is taken, and because they are a relatively low capital cost option. The power generation markets becoming more and more competitive in terms of the cost of electricity, the trend is to go for high performance equipments, notably as far as the gas turbine and the heat recovery steam generator are concerned. The heat recovery steam generator is the essential link in the combined cycle plant, and should be optimized with respect to the cost of electricity. This asks for a techno-economic optimization with an objective function which comprises both the plant efficiency and the initial investment. This paper applies on an example the incremental cost method, which allows to optimize parameters like the pinch points and the superheat temperatures. The influence of the plant load duty on this optimization is emphasized. This is essential, because the load factor will not usually remain constant during the plant life-time. The example which is presented shows the influence of the load factor, which is important, as the plant goes down in merit order with time, following the introduction of more modern, more efficient power plants on the same grid.
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Vitkienė, Juratė, Virgaudas Puodžiukas, and Daiva Žilionienė. "New Approach to the Lithuanian Road Classification Based on Worldwide Experience." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.155.
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Road classification and road hierarchy are essential steps making sure that roads are designed and used properly. Road classification is an approach, to sort them into a small number of groups or classes, and then assigns the roads in a network to one or more of these groups. There are many ways to classify roads. One of them is regarding road hierarchy (or more specifically, functional road hierarchy). The efficiency and effectiveness of the road network directly impact economic growth and societal development. Economically, it is important through classification of roads to represent every road function, as it can enhance the delivery of goods efficient and effective. Arterial roads of a higher class significantly influence economic development by providing the main route of fright transportation and services, as well as significantly influence societal development as it provides a safe, effective and efficient route to travel on. At the same time, the high volume of traffic-related accidents calls for a road network that is safe for all road-users. It is known that the physical road network affects traffic and driver behaviour, and this in turn directly influences energy consumption and the environmental impacts associated with the emissions thereof. In this article review at road classification and road hierarchy of worldwide. It concludes with some comments on the current Lithuanian situation. It can be achieved in Lithuania to make influences to road safety, speed regulation, driver behaviour, traffic studies and accessibility to services.
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Kyaw, Phyo Myat, Osawa Naoki, Gadallah Ramy, and Tanaka Satoyuki. "Comparative Study on Stress Intensity Factors for Surface Cracks in Welded Joint and Flat Plate by Using the Influence Function Method." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-19261.
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Abstract Welding is an effective method for joining metallic structures which are very common in the construction of ships and offshore platforms. However, welded joints are prone to fatigue failure under cyclic loading due to the associated high residual stresses. In order to assess the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) accurately, precise evaluation of stress intensity factors (SIFs) is a key parameter. The residual stress distribution on the crack face of welded joints is usually non-uniform and also depends on boundary conditions. Therefore, an efficient technique is required to calculate SIFs for welded joints under non-uniform stress distribution. In this study, SIFs of semi-circular surface cracked welded joints are calculated by using the influence function method (IFM). The IFM has been introduced as an efficient method to evaluate SIFs under arbitrary stress distribution. The influence coefficient databases (ICDB) are developed for welded joints and flat plate models using IFM in this study. As the crack face traction (CFT) integral is employed in this developed influence coefficients (IC), the SIFs given by IFM are more accurate compared to the previously established solutions without CFT-integral. The ICDB and SIFs evaluated by using welded joint and flat plate models are compared and discussed. This study reveals the difference between ICDB of flat plates and welded joints, and estimation error of calculated SIFs for welded joints by using flat plate ICDB.
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Hergt, A., W. Hage, S. Grund, W. Steinert, M. Terhorst, F. Schongen, and Y. Wilke. "Riblet Application in Compressors: Towards Efficient Blade Design?" In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25142.
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Nowadays, modern axial compressors have already reached a very high level of development. The current study is focused on the question, if the application of riblets on the surfaces of a highly efficient modern compressor blade can be a further step towards more efficient blade design. Therefore, a highly loaded compressor cascade has been designed and optimized specifically for low Reynolds number conditions, as encountered at high altitudes and under consideration of the application of riblets. The optimization was performed at a Mach number of 0.6 and a Reynolds number of 1.5×105. Two objective functions were used. The aim of the first objective function was to minimize the cascade losses at the design point and at incidence angles of +5 and −5 degrees. The intention of the second objective function was to achieve a smooth distribution of the skin friction coefficient on the suction side of the blade by influencing the blade curvature in order to apply riblets. The MISES flow solver as well as the DLR optimizer “AutoOpti” were used for the optimization process. The developed compressor cascade was investigated in the transonic cascade wind tunnel of DLR in Cologne, where the Reynolds number was varied in the range of 1.5×105 to 9.0×105. Furthermore, the measurements were carried out at a low turbulence level of 0.8 percent and at a high turbulence level of 4 percent, representative for high pressure compressor stages. The measurement program was divided into two parts. The first part consisted of the investigation of the reference cascade. In the second part of the study riblets were applied on suction and pressure side of the cascade blades; two different manufacturing techniques, a rolling and a coating technique were applied. The rolling technique provides riblets with a width of 70 μm and the coated riblets have a width of 50 μm. The wake measurements were performed using a 3-hole probe at midspan of the cascade in order to determine the resulting losses of the reference blade and the blades with applied riblets. The detailed analysis of the measurements shows, that the riblets have only a slight influence on the viscous losses in the case of the compressor application in this study. Finally, these results are discussed and assessed against the background of feasibility and effort of riblet applications within the industrial design and manufacturing process.
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Teng, Xin, WuLi Chu, HaoGuang Zhang, Kai Liu, and JinGe Li. "The Influence of Geometry Deformation on a Multistage Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75935.
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Over the service time, the rotating parts of turbine engine vary in their geometry. When aircraft take off or fly through a volcanic ash cloud, the particles are sucked into the engine, impinge the blade and gradually erode the surface. The impinging between particles and blades is responsible for the increase of the surface roughness. Also, during the long-time operation, the function of the blade’s stacking law combined with the centrifugal force could cause deviation of the stagger angle. Moreover, blade tip clearance could vary because of the casing deformation. All the deformation of geometry could severely reduce the engine performance and thus engine life. The work presented in this paper focused on the influence of geometry deformation in a real low-pressure compressor. The investigation is more difficult than most of the previously published researches with a total of five stages being considered. Due to the irregularities in geometry, it is difficult to numerically assess the performance of the compressor. The aim of this study is to give an analysis method that allows an efficient and accurate estimation of the performance for multistage compressor with geometry deformation. In the first step, the geometry models with different deviation in tip clearance, roughness and stagger angle were established respectively. A CFD study was then applied to the compressor with RANS method to calculate the flow field with different types of deformation. The variation of overall performance due to the deformation was finally analyzed to identify the dominant factor on influencing the performance of the compressor among different types of geometry deformation. A method based on polytropic efficiency analysis and flow field analysis was also established to specifically analyze which stage is most sensitive to the geometry deformation. The results show a significant influence of geometric deformation on the efficiency, total pressure rise and flow range of the multistage compressor. The conclusions of this study would provide an important guidance for engine overhaul in the factory.
Reports on the topic "Efficient influence function"
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Robins, James, Rajarshi Mukherjee, and Whitney K. Newey. Semiparametric efficient empirical higher order influence function estimators. The IFS, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2017.3017.
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Filiz, Ibrahim, Jan René Judek, Marco Lorenz, and Markus Spiwoks. Einhorn, Yeti, Nessie und der neoklassische Markt – Legenden und empirische Evidenz. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783947850020.
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The neoclassical market model still has a decisive influence on important economic policy decisions today. A central role in this model is played by the formation of equilibrium prices, where aggregate supply functions and aggregate demand functions meet. We examine whether equilibrium prices are actually formed. For this purpose, we analyse 2,217 prices for homogeneous products that were collected by students between October 2020 and May 2022 in stationary and online retail. In 143 of 146 cases, no equilibrium price is found. The percentage price range is regularly over 100%. The presumed steering function of an equilibrium price does not materialise. The establishment of market mechanisms for the efficient solution of economic problems must therefore be questioned.
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Coplin, David L., Shulamit Manulis, and Isaac Barash. roles Hrp-dependent effector proteins and hrp gene regulation as determinants of virulence and host-specificity in Erwinia stewartii and E. herbicola pvs. gypsophilae and betae. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587216.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria employ specialized type-III secretion systems (TTSS) to deliver an arsenal of pathogenicity proteins directly into host cells. These secretion systems are encoded by hrp genes (for hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) and the effector proteins by so-called dsp or avr genes. The functions of effectors are to enable bacterial multiplication by damaging host cells and/or by blocking host defenses. We characterized essential hrp gene clusters in the Stewart's Wilt of maize pathogen, Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (Pnss; formerly Erwinia stewartii) and the gall-forming bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans (formerly Erwinia herbicola) pvs. gypsophilae (Pag) and betae (Pab). We proposed that the virulence and host specificity of these pathogens is a function of a) the perception of specific host signals resulting in bacterial hrp gene expression and b) the action of specialized signal proteins (i.e. Hrp effectors) delivered into the plant cell. The specific objectives of the proposal were: 1) How is the expression of the hrp and effector genes regulated in response to host cell contact and the apoplastic environment? 2) What additional effector proteins are involved in pathogenicity? 3) Do the presently known Pantoea effector proteins enter host cells? 4) What host proteins interact with these effectors? We characterized the components of the hrp regulatory cascade (HrpXY ->7 HrpS ->7 HrpL ->7 hrp promoters), showed that they are conserved in both Pnss and Fag, and discovered that the regulation of the hrpS promoter (hrpSp) may be a key point in integrating apoplastic signals. We also analyzed the promoters recognized by HrpL and demonstrated the relationship between their composition and efficiency. Moreover, we showed that promoter strength can influence disease expression. In Pnss, we found that the HrpXY two-component signal system may sense the metabolic status of the bacterium and is required for full hrp gene expression in planta. In both species, acyl-homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing may also regulate epiphytic fitness and/or pathogenicity. A common Hrp effector protein, DspE/WtsE, is conserved and required for virulence of both species. When introduced into corn cells, Pnss WtsE protein caused water-soaked lesions. In other plants, it either caused cell death or acted as an Avr determinant. Using a yeast- two-hybrid system, WtsE was shown to interact with a number of maize signal transduction proteins that are likely to have roles in either programmed cell death or disease resistance. In Pag and Pab, we have characterized the effector proteins HsvG, HsvB and PthG. HsvG and HsvB are homologous proteins that determine host specificity of Pag and Pab on gypsophila and beet, respectively. Both possess a transcriptional activation domain that functions in yeast. PthG was found to act as an Avr determinant on multiple beet species, but was required for virulence on gypsophila. In addition, we demonstrated that PthG acts within the host cell. Additional effector genes have been characterized on the pathogenicity plasmid, pPATHₚₐg, in Pag. A screen for HrpL- regulated genes in Pnsspointed up 18 candidate effector proteins and four of these were required for full virulence. It is now well established that the virulence of Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria is governed by Hrp-dependent effector proteins. However; the mode of action of many effectors is still unresolved. This BARD supported research will significantly contribute to the understanding of how Hrp effectors operate in Pantoea spp. and how they control host specificity and affect symptom production. This may lead to novel approaches for genetically engineering plants resistant to a wide range of bacterial pathogens by inactivating the Hrp effectors with "plantabodies" or modifying their receptors, thereby blocking the induction of the susceptible response. Alternatively, innovative technologies could be used to interfere with the Hrp regulatory cascade by blocking a critical step or mimicking plant or quorum sensing signals.
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Kontou, Eleftheria, Yen-Chu Wu, and Jiewen Luo. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Plan in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-023.
Full textAbstract:
We study the allocation of dynamic electric vehicle charging investments from the policymaker’s perspective, which aims to meet statewide emission-reduction targets for the Illinois passenger vehicle sector. We determine statewide charging deployment trajectories over a 30-year planning horizon and estimate their emission reduction. Electric vehicle demand functions model the electrified vehicle market growth and capture network externalities and spatial heterogeneity. Our analysis indicates that most chargers need to be deployed in the first 10 to 15 years of the transition to allow benefits to accrue for electric vehicle drivers, availability of home charging influences consumers’ choice and drivers’ electrified travel distance, charging stations should be prioritized for frequent long-distance drivers, and spatial effects are crucial in accurately capturing the demand for electric vehicles in Illinois. We also develop a multi-criteria suitability map to site charging stations for electric vehicles based on economic, societal, and environmental justice indicators. We identify census tracts that should be prioritized during Illinois’ statewide deployment of charging infrastructure along with interstates and major highways that traverse them. Major interstates and highways I-90, I-80, I-55, and I-57 are identified as having high siting suitability scores for charging stations. Last, a novel location model was developed for equitable electric vehicle charging infrastructure placement in the Illinois interstate and major highway network. Two objectives were set to reduce detours and improve the ability to complete long-distance trips for low-income electric vehicle travelers and multi-unit dwelling residents. Our analysis indicates that if the system’s efficiency is the only consideration, low-income/multi-unit housing resident travelers are most likely to fail to complete their trips, while an equitable charging siting could mitigate this issue.
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Grumet, Rebecca, and Benjamin Raccah. Identification of Potyviral Domains Controlling Systemic Infection, Host Range and Aphid Transmission. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695842.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Potyviruses form one of the largest and most economically important groups of plant viruses. Individual potyviruses and their isolates vary in symptom expression, host range, and ability to overcome host resistance genes. Understanding factors influencing these biological characteristics is of agricultural importance for epidemiology and deployment of resistance strategies. Cucurbit crops are subject to severe losses by several potyviruses including the highly aggressive and variable zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). In this project we sought to investigate protein domains in ZYMV that influence systemic infection and host range. Particular emphasis was on coat protein (CP), because of known functions in both cell to cell and long distance movement, and helper component-protease (HC-Pro), which has been implicated to play a role in symptom development and long distance movement. These two genes are also essential for aphid mediated transmission, and domains that influence disease development may also influence transmissibility. The objectives of the approved BARD project were to test roles of specific domains in the CP and HC-Pro by making sequence alterations or switches between different isolates and viruses, and testing for infectivity, host range, and aphid transmissibility. These objectives were largely achieved as described below. Finally, we also initiated new research to identify host factors interacting with potyviral proteins and demonstrated interaction between the ZYMV RNA dependent RNA polymerase and host poly-(A)-binding protein (Wang et al., in press). The focus of the CP studies (MSU) was to investigate the role of the highly variable amino terminus (NT) in host range determination and systemic infection. Hybrid ZYMV infectious clones were produced by substituting the CP-NT of ZYMV with either the CP-NT from watermelon mosaic virus (overlapping, but broader host range) or tobacco etch virus (TEV) (non- overlapping host range) (Grumet et al., 2000; Ullah ct al., in prep). Although both hybrid viruses initially established systemic infection, indicating that even the non-cucurbit adapted TEV CP-NT could facilitate long distance transport in cucurbits, after approximately 4-6, the plants inoculated with the TEV-CPNT hybrid exhibited a distinct recovery of reduced symptoms, virus titer, and virus specific protection against secondary infection. These results suggest that the plant recognizes the presence of the TEV CP-NT, which has not been adapted to infection of cucurbits, and initiates defense responses. The CP-NT also appears to play a role in naturally occurring resistance conferred by the zym locus in the cucumber line 'Dina-1'. Patterns of virus accumulation indicated that expression of resistance is developmentally controlled and is due to a block in virus movement. Switches between the core and NT domains of ZYMV-NAA (does not cause veinal chlorosis on 'Dina-1'), and ZYMV-Ct (causes veinal chlorosis), indicated that the resistance response likely involves interaction with the CP-NT (Ullah and Grumet, submitted). At the Volcani Center the main thrust was to identify domains in the HC-Pro that affect symptom expression or aphid transmissibility. From the data reported in the first and second year report and in the attached publications (Peng et al. 1998; Kadouri et al. 1998; Raccah et al. 2000: it was shown that: 1. The mutation from PTK to PAK resulted in milder symptoms of the virus on squash, 2. Two mutations, PAK and ATK, resulted in total loss of helper activity, 3. It was established for the first time that the PTK domain is involved in binding of the HC-Pro to the potyvirus particle, and 4. Some of these experiments required greater amount of HC-Pro, therefore a simpler and more efficient purification method was developed based on Ni2+ resin.
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Miles, Gaines E., Yael Edan, F. Tom Turpin, Avshalom Grinstein, Thomas N. Jordan, Amots Hetzroni, Stephen C. Weller, Marvin M. Schreiber, and Okan K. Ersoy. Expert Sensor for Site Specification Application of Agricultural Chemicals. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570567.bard.
Full textAbstract:
In this work multispectral reflectance images are used in conjunction with a neural network classifier for the purpose of detecting and classifying weeds under real field conditions. Multispectral reflectance images which contained different combinations of weeds and crops were taken under actual field conditions. This multispectral reflectance information was used to develop algorithms that could segment the plants from the background as well as classify them into weeds or crops. In order to segment the plants from the background the multispectrial reflectance of plants and background were studied and a relationship was derived. It was found that using a ratio of two wavelenght reflectance images (750nm and 670nm) it was possible to segment the plants from the background. Once ths was accomplished it was then possible to classify the segmented images into weed or crop by use of the neural network. The neural network developed for this work is a modification of the standard learning vector quantization algorithm. This neural network was modified by replacing the time-varying adaptation gain with a constant adaptation gain and a binary reinforcement function. This improved accuracy and training time as well as introducing several new properties such as hill climbing and momentum addition. The network was trained and tested with different wavelength combinations in order to find the best results. Finally, the results of the classifier were evaluated using a pixel based method and a block based method. In the pixel based method every single pixel is evaluated to test whether it was classified correctly or not and the best weed classification results were 81% and its associated crop classification accuracy is 57%. In the block based classification method, the image was divided into blocks and each block was evaluated to determine whether they contained weeds or not. Different block sizes and thesholds were tested. The best results for this method were 97% for a block size of 8 inches and a pixel threshold of 60. A simulation model was developed to 1) quantify the effectiveness of a site-specific sprayer, 2) evaluate influence of diffeent design parameters on efficiency of the site-specific sprayer. In each iteration of this model, infected areas (weed patches) in the field were randomly generated and the amount of required herbicides for spraying these areas were calculated. The effectiveness of the sprayer was estimated for different stain sizes, nozzle types (conic and flat), nozzle sizes and stain detection levels of the identification system. Simulation results indicated that the flat nozzle is much more effective as compared to the conic nozzle and its relative efficiency is greater for small nozzle sizes. By using a site-specific sprayer, the average ratio between the spraying areas and the stain areas is about 1.1 to 1.8 which can save up to 92% of herbicides, especially when the proportion of the stain areas is small.
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Dahl, Geoffrey E., Sameer Mabjeesh, Thomas B. McFadden, and Avi Shamay. Environmental manipulation during the dry period of ruminants: strategies to enhance subsequent lactation. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586544.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The project resulted from earlier observations that environmental factors, especially photoperiod and temperature, had profound effects on milk yield in dairy cattle during lactation. More recently we had determined that photoperiod manipulation during the dry period altered milk yield in the next lactation, and this was associated with shifts in circulating concentrations of prolactin; specifically exposure to short days during the dry period decreases prolactin but increases milk yield. Because prolactin is also affected by temperature, with heat stress causing an increase in prolactin similar to that of long day exposure, we focused our efforts on determining prolactin signaling provides a common pathway for generation of environmental effects on mammary growth, development and subsequent function during the dry period of dairy ruminants. Over the project period we made significant progress toward testing our hypotheses that (I): In cows, there is a discrete duration of time during the dry period in which exposure to short days will result in optimal enhancement of mammary development and milk yield in the following lactation, and that this effect is mediated through demonstrable changes in mammary gland development, prolactin signaling, and mammary gene expression; and (II): Modulation of photoperiod and temperature during the dry period will affect milk yield in goats in the subsequent lactation via shifts in nutrient and endocrine partitioning, and mammary gene expression, during the dry period and into lactation. Cows exposed to short days for only the final 21 days of the dry period did not produce more milk that those on long day or natural photoperiod when dry. However, cows on short days for the entire 60 days dry did produce more milk than the other 3 groups. This indicates that there is a duration effect of short day exposure on subsequent milk yield. Results of the second study in cows indicate that mammary growth increases differentially during the dry period under long vs. short days, and that short days drive more extensive growth which is associated with altered prolactin signaling via decreases in an suppressors of cytokine signaling that represent an inhibitory pathway to mammary growth. Evidence from the studies in Israel confirms that goats respond to short days during the dry period in a similar manner to cows. In addition, heat stress effects on during the dry period can be limited by exposure to short days. Here again, shifts in prolactin signaling, along with changes in IGF-I secretion, are associated with the observed changes in mammary function in goats. These results have a number of biological and practical implications. For dairy producers, it is clear that we can recommend that cows and goats should be on reduced light exposure during the dry period, and further, cows and goats should be cooled to avoid heat stress during that time. Environmental influences on mammary growth are apparent during the dry period, and those effects have persistent impact in the subsequent lactation. Prolactin signaling is a consistent mechanism whereby extended light exposure and heat stress may depress mammary growth and development during the dry period. Thus, the prolactin signaling system offers an opportunity for further manipulation to improve production efficiency in dairy ruminants.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Orna Halevy. Pre-natal Epigenetic Adaptation to Improve Thermotolerance Acquisition and Performance of Fast-growing Meat-type Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592120.bard.
Full textAbstract:
: The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and performance led to the following hypothesis: (a) thethermoregulatory-response threshold for heat production can be altered by thermal manipulation (TM) during incubation so as to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance in the post-hatch broiler;and (b) TM during embryogenesis will improve myoblast proliferation during the embryonic and post-hatch periods with subsequent enhanced muscle growth and meat production. The original objectives of this study were as follow: 1. to assess the timing, temperature, duration, and turning frequency required for optimal TM during embryogenesis; 2. to evaluate the effect of TM during embryogenesis on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during four phases: (1) embryogenesis, (2) at hatch, (3) during growth, and (4) during heat challenge near marketing age; 3. to investigate the stimulatory effect of thermotolerance on hormones that regulate thermogenesis and stress (T₄, T₃, corticosterone, glucagon); 4. to determine the effect of TM on performance (BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, breast muscle yield) of broiler chickens; and 5. to study the effect of TM during embryogenesis on skeletal muscle growth, including myoblast proliferation and fiber development, in the embryo and post-hatch chicks.This study has achieved all the original objectives. Only the plasma glucagon concentration (objective 3) was not measured as a result of technical obstacles. Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of embryogenesis when satellite cell population normally expand should increase absolute pectoralis muscle weight in broilers post-hatch. Major conclusions: Intermittent TM (39.5°C for 12 h/day) during embryogenesis when the thyroid and adrenal axis was developing and maturing (E7 to E16 inclusive) had a long lasting thermoregulatory effect that improved thermotolerance of broiler chickens exposed to acute thermal stress at market age by lowering their functional Tb set point, thus lowering metabolic rate at hatch, improving sensible heat loss, and significantly decreasing the level of stress. Increased machine ventilation rate was required during TM so as to supply the oxygen required for the periods of increased embryonic development. Enhancing embryonic development was found to be accomplished by a combination of pre-incubation heating of embryos for 12 h at 30°C, followed by increasing incubation temperature to 38°C during the first 3 days of incubation. It was further facilitated by increasing turning frequency of the eggs to 48 or 96 times daily. TM during critical phases of muscle development in the late-term chick embryo (E16 to E18) for 3 or 6 hours (39.5°C) had an immediate stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation that lasted for up to two weeks post-hatch; this was followed by increased hypertrophy at later ages. The various incubation temperatures and TM durations focused on the fine-tuning of muscle development and growth processes during late-term embryogenesis as well as in post-hatch chickens.