Dissertations / Theses: 'Efficient contract'

1

Sieke, Marcel. "Supply chain contract management a performance analysis of efficient supply chain contracts." Köln Kölner Wiss.-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989792722/04.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Matouschek, Niko Bernd Georg. "Efficient organisation of economic institutions : firms and contract enforcement agencies." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1628/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis studies the efficient organisation of economic institutions. In the first chapter we analyse how foreign direct investment projects can generate spillovers through backward linkages. An investment project can generate such spillovers if local competitors in the project's own industry can benefit from the upstream efficiency improvements that were induced by the entry of the foreign firm. The existence of the spillover effect depends crucially on the supplier arrangement that is chosen by the foreign firm. The foreign firm could avoid the spillover effect by producing the input itself or by contracting with only a small number of local suppliers. We use an incomplete contract framework to study the conditions under which the foreign firm optimally chooses a supplier arrangement that generates spillovers to the local industry. In the second chapter we study an incomplete contract model in which a buyer and a seller first agree on an efficient ownership structure and then bargain over the price of an input. We allow for asymmetric information at the ex post bargaining stage. The ownership structure that the agents agree on ex ante determines the payoff that each of them can realise before reaching agreement ex post. We show that an ownership structure that lowers the parties' joint pre-agreement payoffs accelerates ex post decision making but also makes delay in decision making more costly. We derive the ownership distribution that minimises the ex post bargaining inefficiencies. In the third chapter we compare the efficiency of private and public provision of contract enforcement services. We show that self-interested agents with coercive power may have an incentive to use this power to enforce contracts between third parties. However, such agents also engage in extortion. We analyse how social welfare depends on the number of self-interested agents with coercive power and whether such agents face democratic elections.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Schropp, Simon A. B. "Trade policy flexibility and enforcement in the WTO reform agenda towards an efficient "breach" contract /." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/3435.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Abdi, Adel. "Efficient Winter Road Maintenance : A Study of Technical and Contractual Issues." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141945.

Full text

Abstract:

Since ancient times, roads have tied people and cultures together. Roads have been createdwith the aim of facilitating trade and cultural exchange among different regions in the world. After the technologic development in vehicle industry and dramatically increase of motoring in the world during the past century road communication has gained a great importance for transporting people and goods. Thus, good safety and accessibility on roads all year round is now a vital necessity for a healthy economy in all modern societies. In order to keep roads safe, available for use with high transport quality they need to be maintained in real time. One of the most difficult tasks in this context is to keep the roads in good condition and accessible even during winter. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to attempt to specify the most efficient ways of executing winter road maintenance. The preliminary issue in this context is whether it is the use of current assistive tools, that is, technical aspects that should be optimized and developed or whether it is the way in which winter maintenance services are procured and outsourced, that is, contractual aspects that should be improved which could give the optimal impact for both clients and contractors and make winter road maintenance more effective, or both issues. In order to define the outline of the research project a comprehensive state of the art survey was initiated with the intention of collecting and gaining insights into the earlier studies in the research area. Three basic areas associated with the performance of winter road maintenance were considered to be most relevant for review due to the anchorage between the areas. The selected areas were climatological, technical and contractual aspects. The literature review was followed by an electronic questionnaire survey. The results of the study in this stage showed that current technical methods almost functioned in a reasonable manner but there was an imprecise dissatisfaction with the current maintenance contract. The second stage of the research consisted of a number of additional empirical investigations in order to identify contractual problematic issues behind the current winter road maintenance in Sweden. Generally, those factors that are rarely considered as potential underlying causes to costly performance of winter road maintenance in Sweden were studied in this research project for example improper use of related technical assistive tools, procurement of improper bundled winter services and inappropriate contract structure. This thesis consists of six papers, five of which are related to each other, and the first one is completely independent but within research area. Findings in the thesis contributes to extend understanding about; how designing appropriate contracts can improve winter road maintenance, how proper use of assistive tools can reduce unnecessary winter road maintenance costs and minimize road traffic disruptions and delays, how a partnering structure in contracts can create confidence and trust between clients and contractors that in turn leads to minimizing or eliminating conflicts and disputes between parties involved, how choice of appropriate procurement methods through proper bundling of winter road services can contribute to shorten the procurement process and create incentives for contractors, and how selection of proper payment mechanisms can contribute to higher service quality of performed winter road measures. Additionally, an adequate knowledge and understanding of climate, proper knowledge of road weather and its impact on winter road traffic is essential for contribution of better planning of how to maintain the road network during winter. Since understanding about winter issues and its effect on winter road traffic is far from complete and winter road maintenance in the cold regions is a similar challenge, broad and complex, the results of this research may even contribute to improving winter maintenance problems in the countries with severe winters like Sweden.

QC 20140227

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Briglauer, Wolfgang, and Christian Holzleitner. "Efficient contracts for government intervention in promoting next generation communications networks." Forschungsinstitut für Regulierungsökonomie, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3641/1/briglauer_holzleitner_efficient_contracts.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Although the future socio-economic benefits of a new fibre-based ("next generation access", NGA) telecommunications infrastructure seem to be uncontroversial, most countries have to date only undertaken NGA investments on a small scale. Accordingly, a universal NGA coverage appears to be a rather unrealistic objective without government intervention. Indeed, many governments have already initiated diverse subsidy programs in order to stimulate NGA infrastructure deployment. We contend, however, that the current contract practice of fixing ex ante targets for network expansion is inefficient given the uncertainty about future returns on NGA infrastructure-based services and the public authorities' incomplete information about the capital costs of the network provider. This paper puts forward to delegate the choice of the network expansion to the NGA provider. Simple linear profit-sharing contracts can be designed to control the NGA provider's incentives and to put in balance the public objectives of network expansion and limitation of public expenditure. (author's abstract)
Series: Working Papers / Research Institute for Regulatory Economics

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Iolovitch, Marcos Brossard. "Efficient breach theory – a análise do rompimento eficiente dos contratos empresariais à luz da legislação brasileira e da law and economics." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148302.

Full text

Abstract:

O presente trabalho examina a teoria da quebra eficiente do contrato, oriunda do direito anglo-saxão, segundo a qual, sinteticamente, um contrato só será cumprido se os custos para adimplir a obrigação forem inferiores àqueles incorridos pelo descumprimento, admitindo-se, portanto, o inadimplemento voluntário dos contratos. O objetivo é, além de apresentar a teoria, verificar a possibilidade de aplicação da mesma no Brasil, com enfoque especial nos contratos empresariais. Para tanto, o trabalho é estruturado em introdução, quatro capítulos de desenvolvimento e encerra com a conclusão. Superada a introdução, que apresenta mais profundamente as razões que levaram à pesquisa sobre o tema, o capítulo 2 versa acerca dos paradigmas clássicos de responsabilidade contratual, com destaque às modalidades de extinção do contrato sem a consecução do seu objeto bem como às regras indenizatórias aplicáveis nestes casos, em que se busca cotejá-las com o entendimento jurisprudencial. A seguir, o capítulo 3 traz as premissas teóricas da Law and Economics focadas no Direito dos Contratos necessárias à compreensão, no capítulo seguinte, da teoria da quebra eficiente do contrato, que representa o tema central do presente estudo. Neste capítulo 4 será feita uma abordagem teórica e prática da teoria sob exame, apontando sua origem histórica, desenvolvimento e aceitação do paradigma, identificando os requisitos para sua aplicação, potenciais barreiras e também as críticas doutrinárias para, em seguida, delinear o que seria o cenário ideal para sua aplicação, bem como um tópico dedicado exclusivamente à sua abordagem prática e metodologia, indicando os elementos que devem ser sopesados antes de se tomar a decisão de romper um contrato. No capítulo 5, verifica-se quais requisitos são aceitos, as efetivas barreiras e como elas podem ser superadas para autorizar a sua incidência no Brasil, tanto os de caráter jurídico como os extralegais. Para o fechamento, o último capítulo apresenta as conclusões alcançadas através da pesquisa, indicando pontos relevantes sobre a teoria da quebra eficiente e respondendo ao principal questionamento cuja resposta era almejada, se é possível aplicar a teoria no Brasil, sob quais circunstâncias e em qual extensão.
The current paper examines the efficient breach theory of contracts, from the Anglo-Saxon law origin, according to which, briefly, a contract will only be performed if the costs for performance of the obligation are lower than those incurred for non-performance, admitting, therefore, intentional breach of contract. The goal is, in addition to presenting the theory, check the possibility of applying it in Brazil, focusing mostly on business contracts. Therefore, the work is structured into introduction, four chapters of development and ends with the conclusion. Surpassed the introduction, which explains more deeply the reasons that led to research on the topic, chapter 2 examines the classical paradigms of contractual liability, especially to terminate the contract without achieving its object as well as the applicable indemnity rules in these cases, seeking to compare them with the jurisprudential understanding. Following, chapter 3 provides the theoretical premises of Law and Economics focused on the Law of Contracts necessary to understand, in the next chapter, the efficient breach theory, which is the central theme of this study. In chapter 4 a theoretical and practical approach of the theory under examination will be addressed with its historical origin, development and acceptance of the paradigm, identifying the requirements for its application, potential barriers and also the criticism it has faced to, then, outline what would be the ideal scenario for its application as well as a topic dedicated exclusively to its practical approach and methodology, pointing the elements that should be weighed before deciding to breach a contract. In chapter 5, it is shown the which requirements are accepted, the actual barriers and how they can be surpassed to permit its incidence in Brazil, both legal and non-legal. For closure, the last chapter presents the conclusions reached through the research, indicating the relevant points on the theory of efficient breach and responding to the main question of which answer was longed for, whether it is possible to apply the theory in Brazil, under what circumstances and to what extent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Halvosen, Rick D. "Economic efficiency in transit service contracts : the role of contract structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12399.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Moradinejad, Reza. "Le rôle de l'économie en droit du contrat." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GREND006.

Full text

Abstract:

La présente étude entend montrer comment les objectifs définis par la science économique peuvent contribuer à l'évolution du droit du contrat. Dans un premier temps, nous montrerons pourquoi et comment la conception du contrat doit évoluer en suivant les évolutions des théories économiques. Nous démontrerons que le contrat, en tant que cadre juridique des relations économiques, ne peut effectuer sa fonction principale, qui est d'assurer l'efficience des relations économiques, que si sa conception est fondée sur les résultats obtenus en science économiques. Nous proposons alors une nouvelle conception qui repose sur l'approche relationnelle du contrat. Dans un second temps, nous montrerons comment la quête de la justice sociale a pu faire évoluer la conception de la justice contractuelle. Le sens de cette évolution est, d'une part, de l'indifférence du droit à l'égard de la question de l'équilibre contractuel vers les interventions, directes ou indirectes, dans ce domaine et, d'autre part, de la justice commutative au sein d'un seul contrat isolé vers la promotion de la justice sociale en intervenant dans les relations contractuelles
The present study aims to show how the objectives defined by the economic science may contribute to the evolution of the contract law. First, it shows why and how the conception of contract should be changed following the evolution of economic theories. We demonstrate that the contract, as a legal framework for the economical relations, may fulfil its principal function, which is to assure the efficiency of the economic relations, only if its conception is based on the economic findings. Thus, we propose a new conception which is based on the relational approach to contract. Then, we will show how the quest for social justice has changed the conception of contractual justice. The direction of this evolution is, on the one hand, from indifference of law regarding the contractual balance towards the direct or indirect interventions, and, in the other hand, from commutative justice in one isolated contract to the promotion of social justice by intervening in the contractual relations

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ignberg, Johan. "Utmaningar med passivhusstandard : En studie om små enbostadshus i norra Sverige." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75192.

Full text

Abstract:

Som följd av EUs direktiv om nya byggnaders energiprestanda ökar kraven på det svenska byggnadsbeståndet. Passivhusstandard är ett energiklassningssystem som kan nyttjas som verktyg för att nå energieffektiva byggnader. Att nå denna standard i små byggnader innebär dock enligt tidigare studier en utmaning och i Sveriges norra halva finns få passivhus, särskilt sådana som uppförts av egnahemsbyggare. Det gör det svårt att bedöma vad standarden innebär för den private beställaren av små enbostadshus, utifrån tidigare erfarenheter av motsvarande projekt. Denna studie syftar till att öka förståelsen för utmaningar vid byggande av små enbostadshus med passivhusstandard i norra Sverige. Det övergripande målet är att ta fram rekommendationer till beställare i norr som står inför val av energiprestandanivå för sina små enbostadshus, utifrån insikter som genereras av ett studieprojekt. Vilken energiprestanda som är rimlig för enbostadsbyggnader < 70 m2 i norr, är en av de frågor som svar söks på. Bedömningen görs utifrån svensk klassning av passivhus från Forum för Energieffektivt byggande, FEBY 18. Vidare ställs frågan hur utmaningarna ser ut för projekt av motsvarande omfattning där passivhusstandard eftersträvas. För att besvara frågorna har ett skarpt projekt valts som studieprojekt och utgångspunkt. Studieprojektet innebär en komplementbyggnad i ett plan om 55 m2 Atemp som planeras av egnahemsbyggare i Skellefteå för totalentreprenad. I studien ingår litteraturgenomgång om passivhusteknik och dess tillämpning i projekt samt fallstudie om Studieprojektet innefattande gestaltningsförslag, anbudsförfrågan till entreprenörer och intervjuer med dem. För kompletterande insikter till det studerade området, små enbostadshus med strävan mot passivhusstandard i norra Sverige,har även samtal skett med personer med erfarenhet av liknande projekt och personer med expertkunskap om passivhusstandarden. En av utmaningarna som identifierats är de tekniska lösningar som krävs för att teoretiskt uppnå energiprestanda motsvarande passivhus, FEBY Guld. Dessa fordrar en investeringskostnad som inte bedöms vara rimlig för byggnader av så liten skala. I studiens resultat framgår att den lägre nivån FEBY Silver är en mer rimlig målsättning för enbostadsbyggnader < 70 m2 i norr men att även den nivån kan innebära en utmaning för beställare. Hängivenhet hos beställare till energieffektiviserande lösningar är centralt för möjligheten att nå FEBY Silver. När dessa tekniska lösningar efterfrågas från en totalentreprenör med begränsad erfarenhet av energieffektiva småhus kan det vara svårt att fånga entreprenörers intresse. Dessutom kräver entreprenadformen relativt mycket arbete av entreprenörer vid kostnadskalkylering. Här identifieras utmaningar som spåras till att entreprenören bär funktionsansvaret som totalentreprenör vilket leder det till slutsatsen att beställare bör välja utförandeentreprenad för enbostadshus under 70 m2 i norra Sverige, med strävan mot passivhusstandard. Förslag på vidare studier innefattar att jämföra förutsättningar för låg energianvändning i olika, små byggnadstyper. Ytterligare förslag är att genomföra en ny anbudsförfrågan för Studieprojektet med utgångspunkt i resultatet från denna studie, för djupare insikter i kostnadsrelaterade utmaningar.
Stricter requirements for energy performance in buildings in Sweden is a result of a directive from EU. Passive house-standard is an energy classification system which can be used as a tool to reach energy efficiency in buildings. However, achieving passive house standard for small buildings is a challenge according to previous studies. Further, passive houses are few in the northern parts of Sweden, especially those built byprivate homeowners. Therefore, it’s difficult to assess what the standard means to private buyers of small single-family homes, based on previous experiences. This study aims to increase the understanding of challenges when building small single-family homes of passive house-standard in the north of Sweden. The main goal is to make recommendations to buyers of small single-family homes in the north who are facing the decision of what energy performance level to target, based on insights generated by a study project. One of the questions asked is -What is an appropriate level of energy performance of single-family homes <70 m2 in the north? The assessment is based is based on the Swedish classification system for passive houses, FEBY 18. The second question asked is -What are the challenges facing projects of this scale, where the passive house standard is sought? To answer the questions, a real project has been chosen for study and reference point. The Study Project is a 55 m2 Atemp single-storey house which is planned by private home-owners for a turnkey contract, on a real estate with an existing residence in Skellefteå. The study includes a literature review on passive house technology and its application in projects, as well as a case study of the Study Project containing a design proposal, a request for turnkey proposals from selected contractors and further contact with these through interviews. People with experience of relevant projects and people with expert knowledge of passive house standard have been contacted to reach additional insights within the studied area. Among the identified challenges are the building solutions and techniques which are required to reach passive house-standard, “FEBY Gold”. These solutions entail an investment cost that’s not considered to be reasonable for buildings of such a small scale. The study’s result shows that the lower energy level “FEBY Silver” is an attainable objective but still, this level as target can pose a challenge to the buyer. A buyer’s dedication to energy efficient solutions is central for the prospect of having the Silver level within reach. When these building solutions are requested from a turnkey contractor with limited experience of energy-efficient, small houses, obstacles arise in making the project attractive for contractors as relatively much work is required when calculating costs. Here, challenges are identified that relates to the contractor being responsible for the function of the finished product, the house. This leads to the conclusion that private buyers should opt for other contract types than turnkey, for single-family homes < 70 m2in northern Sweden, when aiming for passive house standard. Suggestions for further studies includes comparing the conditions for low energy use in different, small building types. Another suggestion is to carry out a new request for proposal of the Study Project and make adaptions according to the insights given by this study and thus, investigate the cost-related challenges further.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Manenti, Olivier. "Le marché en droit des marchés publics : enjeux théoriques et perspectives analytiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1000.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse a un objet théorique et un objet pratique. L'objet théorique est double. Il s'agit de démontrer la possibilité d'une réception juridique de l'analyse économique du droit. Cela nécessite de se placer dans les postulats de la postmodernité tant dans l'approche du concept d'Etat que dans celle de la règle juridique. La recherche se place alors résolument dans la doctrine théorique de l'approche de la règle juridique à travers le paradigme du réseau. Dans cette perspective théorique, le droit des marchés publics n'est que le support de cette démonstration. Mais il en devient aussi l'objet pratique. Le marché public est ainsi un acte dans l'économique et un acte économique. En tant que contrat de l'achat public, le marché public place la personne publique ou assimilée dans une relation d'échange économique. La notion générale de contrat permet de percevoir le marché public comme le support juridique d'un échange économique. Mais le recours aux marchés publics est aussi un choix de gestion. Il est est alors l'une des options possibles dans la gestion administrative contemporaine axée sur la recherche de la rationalisation de l'action administrative. Le marché public est alors perçu comme un acte juridique ayant aussi une source économique. En tant qu'acte économique, le marché public entretient alors des rapports d'interaction avec les règles de droit de la concurrence. Or le droit des marchés publics est lui-même le droit d'une concurrence spécifique. Cette mutation de la réception de l'économique dans les marchés publics et les règles les encadrant permet l'avènement d'un juge administratif du contrat économiste
This research deals with how the French and the European public procurement laws integrate the economic analysis of contract. The theoretical approach is based on Law taken under the network theory. In a first point, the public contract is taken under the relation between the general definition of contract and the economic notion of exchange. The second point deals with the new public management theories and the public procurement contracts. In this point, It is examined how the choice of buying influences the organization of public agencies. The third and the fourth points deal with consequences of taking the public procurement contract as an economic action. It is discussed the relation between the public procurement law and the competition law; especially how the public procurement law is, in itself, a specialized competition law. This new evolution offers to French administrative judge, taken as the judge of all the administrative contracts, a way to become an economic judge

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Braci, Antoine. "La bonne foi dans le contrat : une réflexion via le prisme du droit anglais." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED068.

Full text

Abstract:

C’est en s’appuyant sur des documents confidentiels de la vie des affaires que cette thèse analyse, de manière comparée (droits français et anglais), la bonne foi dans le contrat. L’auteur définit la bonne foi comme un outil de « fiabilité », c’est-à-dire une garantie de confiance qui fournit une protection contre les risques contractuels. C’est à cette définition qu’est consacrée la première partie de la thèse, tandis que la seconde s’intéresse aux modulations de la bonne foi selon ces risques
This PhD thesis, which is based upon confidential business documents, is an analysis of good faith in contract from a comparative perspective (French law and English law). The author defines good faith as a “reliability” device that ensures trust to protect against contractual risks. While the first part of this thesis deals with the proposed definition of good faith, the second part applies this definition to a variety of risks

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Qiu, Shuo. "Insurance Market Equilibrium: Contract Formation, Heterogeneity, and Operational Efficiency." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/9768.

Full text

Abstract:

Business Administration
Ph.D.
The three essays of this dissertation investigate the insurance equilibrium from various perspectives. The first essay uses Cournot game-theoretic model to study the insurance contract formation and provides theoretical justification for policy limit. The second essay introduces buyers' heterogeneous risk aversion into Wilson's equilibrium, derives new equilbria, and provides the conditions under which those new equilibria will hold. The third essay studies the operational efficiency of life insurers in China. Through comparing the efficiency of domestic and foreign life insurers, decomposing their efficiency scores, figuring out the directions and potential they could improve, and analyzing the change and driver of productivity, the essay gives insights of the fast-developing life insurance industry in China.
Temple University--Theses

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Nguyen, Victor T. (Victor Trinh). "Efficient power coupling to waveguides in high index contrast systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36211.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, February 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [162]-166).
Future integrated optical circuits will hold, on a single chip, several optical components that communicate via high index contrast waveguides. Silicon nitride (SixNy) and silicon oxynitride (SixOyNz) waveguides with silicon oxide cladding can be used to guide light on a chip because they have small dimensions, low scattering loss, and can be fabricated with silicon-based technology. With more components on a chip, we need to develop novel technologies to seamlessly route the optical signal from one waveguide to multiple waveguides simultaneously, or from the optical fiber to a waveguide. This thesis presents the design and fabrication of two such devices. The first is a compact multimode interference coupler, also called multi-mode interferometer (MMI), which can equally distribute the optical power from one input waveguide to multiple output waveguides. The prototypes were fabricated for silicon-rich SixNy waveguides with 1 input and 4 or 8 output ports. The second device is a compact fiber-to-waveguide coupler, which can efficiently confine the light from an optical fiber to a sub-micron waveguide.
(cont.) The prototypes were fabricated for SixOyNz waveguide of index 1.70. The advantages of these couplers are their very compact size, high efficiencies, and their fabrication process can be adapted by mainstream silicon-based manufacturing technology. In addition, their designs are very robust and can be applied for efficient coupling into any high index contrast dielectric waveguide.
by Victor T. Nguyen.
Ph.D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Chen, Kwok-wang. "Evaluation of market efficiency of stock options in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18837372.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Saoud, Adnane. "Compositional and Efficient Controller Synthesis for Cyber-Physical Systems." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC076/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse porte sur le développement d'approches compositionnelles et efficaces de synthèse de contrôleurs pour les systèmes cyber-physiques (CPS). En effet, alors que les techniques de conception des CPS basées sur des modèles ont fait l'objet de nombreuses études au cours de la dernière décennie, leur scalabilité reste problématique. Dans cette thèse, nous contribuons à rendre de telles approches plus évolutives.La première partie est axée sur les approches compositionnelles. Un cadre général pour le raisonnement compositionnel en utilisant des contrats d’hypothèse-garantie est proposé. Ce cadre est ensuite combiné avec des techniques de contrôle symbolique et appliqué à un problème de synthèse de contrôleur pour des systèmes échantillonnés, distribués et multipériodiques, où l'approche symbolique est utilisé pour synthétiser un contrôleur imposant un contrat donné. Ensuite, une nouvelle approche de calcul compositionnel des abstractions symboliques est proposée, basée sur la notion de composition approchée et permettant de traiter des abstractions hétérogènes.La deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur des techniques efficaces d'abstraction et de synthèse de contrôleurs. Deux nouvelles techniques de calcul d’abstractions sont proposées pour les systèmes à commutation incrémentalement stables. La première approche est basée sur l'échantillonnage multi-niveaux où nous avons établi l'existence d'un paramètre optimal d'échantillonnage qui aboutit à un modèle symbolique avec un nombre minimal de transitions. La deuxième approche est basée sur un échantillonnage événementiel, où la durée des transitions dans le modèle symbolique est déterminée par un mécanisme déclencheur, ce qui permet de réduire le conservatisme par rapport au cas périodique. La combinaison avec des techniques de synthèse de contrôleurs paresseux est proposée permettant la synthèse à un coût de calcul réduit. Enfin, une nouvelle approche de synthèse paresseuse a été développée pour les systèmes de transition monotones et les spécifications de sécurité dirigées. Plusieurs études de cas sont considérées dans cette thèse, telles que la régulation de la température dans les bâtiments, le contrôle des convertisseurs de puissance, le pilotage des véhicules et le contrôle de la tension dans les micro-réseaux DC
This thesis focus on the development of compositional and efficient controller synthesis approaches for cyber-physical systems (CPS). Indeed, while model-based techniques for CPS design have been the subject of a large amount of research in the last decade, scalability of these techniques remains an issue. In his thesis, we contribute to make such approaches more scalable.The focus of the first part is on compositional approaches. A general framework for compositional reasoning using assume-guarantee contracts is proposed. This framework is then combined with symbolic control techniques and applied to a controller synthesis problem for multiperiodic distributed sampled-data systems, where symbolic approaches have been used to synthesize controllers enforcing a given assume-guarantee contract. Then, a new approach to the compositional computation of symbolic abstractions is proposed based on the notion of approximate composition, allowing to deal with heterogeneous abstractions and arbitrary interconnections.The second part is about efficient abstraction and controller synthesis techniques. Two new abstractions schemes have been developed for incrementally stable switched systems. The first approach is based on multirate sampling where we established the existence of an optimal multirate sampling parameter that results in a symbolic model with a minimal number of transitions. The second approach is based on event-based sampling, where the duration of transitions in the symbolic model is determined by some triggering mechanism, which makes it possible to reduce the conservatism with respect to the periodic case. Combination with lazy controller synthesis techniques has been proposed allowing the synthesis at a reduced computational cost. Finally, a new lazy approach has been develop for monotone transition systems and directed safety specifications. Several case studies have been considered in this thesis such as temperature regulation in buildings, control of power converters, vehicle platooning and voltage control in DC micro-grids

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Martin, Eric D. "An efficiency analysis of Defense Logistics Agency Contract Administration Offices." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA366213.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1999.
"June 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Lyn R. Whitaker, Linda Nozick. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62). Also available online.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Paulus, Odile. "La performance des musées : efficience et contrat d'objectifs." Strasbourg 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR30004.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse aborde la performance des musées en deux composantes : l'efficacité et l'efficience. Un musée est efficace s'il remplit les objectifs attendus. Cependant, des problèmes d'asymétries d'information se posent dans la relation entre le directeur et le financeur. Cette thèse propose des contrats d'objectifs pour réduire les effets de ces asymétries et ainsi améliorer l'efficacité. La pertinence de tels contrats est discutée au regard de quinze études de cas effectuées dans des musées d'art français et américains. Un modèle montre que l'ambiguïté fatale dans la définition des objectifs peut ne pas être un obstacle à la réduction des inefficacités par de tels contrats. En outre, cette thèse montre et teste la pertinence de l'évaluation de scores d'efficience pour mesurer l'aptitude des musées à fournir un maximum d'outputs avec des inputs donnés. Avant de mettre ainsi en rapport les outputs et les inputs, nous examinons la validité, la fiabilité et l'opérationalité des mesures d'output appliquées dans les services et transposables au musée. Des scores sont ensuite calculés sur la base de données publiées et relatives aux musées allemands et collectées pour un échantillon de musées français. Les musées pourraient améliorer de façon significative leur efficience en jouant sur leur organisation, la motivation et les qualifications de leur personnel. Nous proposons donc deux outils pour améliorer la performance des musées : des contrats d'objectifs et des scores d'efficience
This work considers two components for the performance of museums : effectiveness and efficiency. A museum is effective if the expected objectives are fulfilled. However, there are problems of information asymmetries in the relation between the director and the sponsor. This work examines contracts setting up objectives as a means to reduce those asymetries effects and thus to improve effectiveness. The role of this kind of contract is discussed and confronted to fifteen case studies conducted in french and american art museums. A model shows that the unavoidable ambiguity in the definition of objectives is not always an obstacle to the reduction of ineffectiveness thanks to the contract. Besides, this work tests the evaluation of efficiency scores to measure the capacity of museums to provide a high level of outputs with given inputs. Before comparing the inputs and the outputs, we consider the validity, the operationality and the reliability of output measures used in services if transferred in museums. Efficiency scores are then estimated on data published on german museums and collected by us for a sample of french museums. Museums could improve significantly their efficiency by their organisation, the motivation and the qualification of their personnel. We propose two tools to improve museum performance : contracts setting up objectives and efficiency scores

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Stolte, Johannes. "On accurate and efficient valuation of financial contracts under models with jumps." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39363.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this thesis is to develop efficient valuation methods for nancial contracts under models with jumps and stochastic volatility, and to present their rigorous mathematical underpinning. For efficient risk management, large books of exotic options need to be priced and hedged under models that are exible enough to describe the observed option prices at speeds close to real time. To do so, hundreds of vanilla options, which are quoted in terms of implied volatility, need to be calibrated to market prices quickly and accurately on a regular basis. With this in mind we develop efficient methods for the evaluation of (i) vanilla options, (ii) implied volatility and (iii) common path-dependent options. Firstly, we derive a new numerical method for the classical problem of pricing vanilla options quickly in time-changed Brownian motion models. The method is based on ra- tional function approximations of the Black-Scholes formula. Detailed numerical results are given for a number of widely used models. In particular, we use the variance-gamma model, the CGMY model and the Heston model without correlation to illustrate our results. Comparison to the standard fast Fourier option pricing method with respect to speed appears to favour our newly developed method in the cases considered. Secondly, we use this method to derive a procedure to compute, for a given set of arbitrage-free European call option prices, the corresponding Black-Scholes implied volatility surface. In order to achieve this, rational function approximations of the inverse of the Black-Scholes formula are used. We are thus able to work out implied volatilities more efficiently than is possible using other common methods. Error estimates are presented for a wide range of parameters. Thirdly, we develop a new Monte Carlo variance reduction method to estimate the expectations of path-dependent functionals, such as first-passage times and occupation times, under a class of stochastic volatility models with jumps. The method is based on a recursive approximation of the rst-passage time probabilities and expected oc- cupation times of Levy bridge processes that relies in part on a randomisation of the time- parameter. We derive the explicit form of the recursive approximation in the case of bridge processes corresponding to the class of Levy processes with mixed-exponential jumps, and present a highly accurate numerical realisation. This class includes the linear Brownian motion, Kou's double-exponential jump-di usion model and the hyper-exponential jump- difusion model, and it is dense in the class of all Levy processes. We determine the rate of convergence of the randomisation method and con rm it numerically. Subsequently, we combine the randomisation method with a continuous Euler-Maruyama scheme to es- timate path-functionals under stochastic volatility models with jumps. Compared with standard Monte Carlo methods, we nd that the method is signi cantly more efficient. To illustrate the efficiency of the method, it is applied to the valuation of range accruals and barrier options.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Al-Tawil, Tareq Nail. "Promises, contracts and remedies : The efficient breach theory versus routine specific performance." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511210.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Larsen, Jens Ditlev J. "Macroeconomic implications of labour market frictions and efficiency wages." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286998.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Reigné, Philippe. "La notion de cause efficiente du contrat en droit privé français." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020106.

Full text

Abstract:

La cause efficiente du contrat est une notion sur laquelle la doctrine ne s'attarde pas. Cette notion represente pourtant un outil indispensable a la comprehension des debats relatifs a la force obligatoire du contrat et a la portee du principle du consensualisme ; de maniere generale, elle constitue l'une des pieces maitresses de toute theorie du contrat et de l'acte juridique. Est cause efficiente du contrat tout evenement a la survenance duquel l'effet contractuel considere est imperativement et specialement suybordonne. Cette definition, tres generale, ne suffit pas a caracteriser la notion, car il existe deux conceptions tres differentes de la cause efficiente du contrat. La conception mecaniste de la cause efficiente contractuelle suppose que les effets contratuels sont unis a leur cause efficiente par un lien de causalite sembable a celui qui relie un phenomene physique a sa cause. La cause efficiente mecanique est une cause generatrice. La conception mecaniste de la cause efficiente contractuelle explique la formation du contrat par un principe de causalite. Toutefois, le droit positif francais ne se plie pas au determinisme que la conception mecaniste implique quant a la formation du contrat. La conception normativiste de la cause efficiente contractuelle considere que les effets contratuels sont rattaches, de maniere artificielle, par le droit objectif a la rencontre des volontes des parties contractantes. Cette conception substitue au lien de causaulite postule par la conception mecaniste une relation d'imputation qui fait de la

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Odolinski, Kristofer. "Reforming a publicly owned monopoly : costs and incentives in railway maintenance." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-46383.

Full text

Abstract:

The railway system is often considered to be an industry where a monopoly occurs “naturally”, which can explain the public ownership and the use of regulations. However, railways in Europe have been subject to reforms during the last three decades. The use of tendering has increased, which is a way of introducing competition for the market in absence of competition within the market. Still, contracting out services previously produced in-house places a heavy burden on the client, where contract design and its incentive structures can be decisive for the outcome of the reform. This dissertation provides empirical evidence on costs and incentives in a publicly owned monopoly that is subject to reforms, namely the provision of railway maintenance in Sweden. Essay 1 estimates the effect of exposing rail infrastructure maintenance to competitive tendering. The results show that this reform reduced maintenance costs in Sweden by around 11 per cent over the period 1999-2011, without any associated fall in the available measures of quality. Essay 2 estimates the relative cost efficiency between and within maintenance regions in Sweden. The results indicate considerable efficiency gaps together with economies of scale not being fully exploited. Essay 3 analyses the effect of incentive structures in railway maintenance contracts. An increase in the power of the incentive scheme reduces the number of infrastructure failures according to the results. In addition, the estimated effect of the performance incentive schemes suggests that more effort towards preventing train delays is made at the expense of preventing other failures. Essay 4 comprises an estimation of marginal costs of rail maintenance. The static model produces slightly lower marginal costs compared to previous estimates on Swedish data. The results from the dynamic model show that an increase in maintenance costs in year t - 1 predicts an increase in maintenance costs in year t. Indeed, there is an intertemporal effect that depends on the performed maintenance activities (governed by the contract design).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Buchanan, Steven M., Jayson W. Cabell, and Daniel C. McCrary. "Acquiring combat capability through innovative uses of public private partnerships." Thesis, Monterey, California, Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38035.

Full text

Abstract:

MBA Professional Report
Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited.
The purpose of this research is to study the federal government's historical use of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and their view on the issue. Then we study recent applications (case studies) of innovative financing arrangements by Hannon Armstrong, LLC, an Annapolis, Maryland based financial services firm. The intention is to build upon previous Naval Postgraduate School research efforts is this subject; specifically, expanding upon the efforts of Professor San Miguel, Shank and Summers by investigating current examples of PPPs. First, we examine Hannon Armstrong's "fee for service contract" solution to the lack of appropriated capital funds needed for a vital fiber-optic link near the Arctic Circle. Then, we will explore the history of the Energy Saving Performance Contracts (ESPCs), which have been a useful tool in reducing the energy consumption throughout the federal government. Historically, this program has only been used for fixed assets. There is little debate over the success of these contracts in reducing energy consumption. The authors believe that applying Energy Saving Performance Contracts to mobile assets could further reduce the energy consumption of the Department of Defense (DoD) and save tax-payers millions of dollars.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Lindblom, Lars. "The Employment Contract between Ethics and Economics." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11346.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis investigates what work ought to be like. The answer it presents consists of an outline of a liberaltheory of justice in the employment contract based on theory developed in the area of political philosophy. Thethesis also examines issues of efficiency—How should measures to improve working conditions be evaluated?—and the ethical implications of the economic theory of employment contracts and the neoclassical theory of themarket. Paper I: A theoretical framework is introduced for the evaluation of workplace inspections with respect totheir effects on working conditions. The choice of a concept of efficiency is discussed, and its relation to criteriafor a good working environment is clarified. It is concluded that in order to obtain reliable information onthe effects of different inspection methods, it is necessary to perform controlled comparative studies in whichdifferent methods are used on different workplaces. Paper II: This article outlines the structure of a Rawlsian theory of justice in the employment relationship.The theory answers three questions about justice and the workplace. What is the relationship between socialjustice and justice at work? How should we conceive of the problem of justice within the economic sphere?And, what is justice in the workplace? Reasons for a specific construction of a local original position are givenand arguments are presented in support of a principle of local justice in the form of a choice egalitarian localdifference principle. Paper III: The political philosophy of John Rawls is applied to the moral dilemma of whistleblowing, andit is shown that that the requirement of loyalty, in the sense that is needed to create this dilemma, is inconsistentwith that theory. In a discussion and rejection of Richard De George’s criteria on permissible whistleblowing,it is pointed out that the mere rejection of loyalty will not lead to an extreme position; harms can still be takeninto account. Paper IV: The case is made that if contemporary economics of the employment contract is correct, thenin order to explain the existence of employment contracts, we must make the assumption that the contractingparties are attempting to deal with decisiontheoreticignorance. It follows that the course of action that theemployer chooses to take when acting from authority cannot be justified by consent, since the informednesscriterion of consent cannot be satisfied under ignorance. It is then suggested that in order to achieve justificationof acts of authority, there must be in place a real possibility to contest employers’ decisions. Paper V: According to Ronald Dworkin’s theory of equality of resources, mimicking the ideal market fromequal starting points is fair. According to Dworkin, the ideal market should be understood as described in GérardDebreu’s influential work, which implies that we should conceive of trade as taking place under certainty. Thereare no choices under risk in such a market. Therefore, there is no such thing as option luck in the ideal market.Consequently, when mimicking this market, we cannot hold people responsible for option luck. Mimicking thismarket also implies that we ought to set up a social safety net, since rational individuals with perfect foresightwould see to it that they always have sufficient resources at each point in life. Furthermore, the idea of insuranceis incompatible with the ideal market.
QC 20100728

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Omezzine, Aya. "Automated and dynamic multi-level negotiation framework applied to an efficient cloud provisioning." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10060/document.

Full text

Abstract:

L’approvisionnement du Cloud est le processus de déploiement et de gestion des applications sur les infrastructures publiques du Cloud. Il est de plus en plus utilisé car il permet aux fournisseurs de services métiers de se concentrer sur leurs activités sans avoir à gérer et à investir dans l’infrastructure. Il comprend deux niveaux d’interaction : (1) entre les utilisateurs finaux et les fournisseurs de services pour l’approvisionnement des applications, et (2) entre les fournisseurs de services et les fournisseurs de ressources pour l’approvisionnement des ressources virtuelles. L’environnement Cloud est devenu un marché complexe où tout fournisseur veut maximiser son profit monétaire et où les utilisateurs finaux recherchent les services les plus efficaces tout en minimisant leurs coûts. Avec la croissance de la concurrence dans le Cloud, les fournisseurs de services métiers doivent assurer un approvisionnement efficace qui maximise la satisfaction de la clientèle et optimise leurs profits.Ainsi, les fournisseurs et les utilisateurs doivent être satisfaits en dépit de leurs besoins contradictoires. La négociation est une solution prometteuse qui permet de résoudre les conflits en comblant le gap entre les capacités des fournisseurs et les besoins des utilisateurs. Intuitivement, la négociation automatique des contrats (SLA) permet d’aboutir à un compromis qui satisfait les deux parties. Cependant, pour être efficace, la négociation automatique doit considérer les propriétés de l’approvisionnement du Cloud et les complexités liées à la dynamicité (dynamicité de la disponibilité des ressources, dynamicité des prix). En fait ces critères ont un impact important sur le succès de la négociation. Les principales contributions de cette thèse répondant au défi de la négociation multi-niveau dans un contexte dynamique sont les suivantes: (1) Nous proposons un modèle de négociateur générique qui considère la nature dynamique de l’approvisionnement du Cloud et son impact potentiel sur les résultats décisionnels. Ensuite, nous construisons un cadre de négociation multicouche fondé sur ce modèle en l’instanciant entre les couches du Cloud. Le cadre comprend des agents négociateurs en communication avec les modules en relation avec la qualité et le prix du service à fournir (le planificateur, le moniteur, le prospecteur de marché). (2) Nous proposons une approche de négociation bilatérale entre les utilisateurs finaux et les fournisseurs de service basée sur une approche d’approvisionnement existante. Les stratégies de négociation sont basées sur la communication avec les modules d’approvisionnement (le planificateur et l’approvisionneur de machines virtuelles) afin d’optimiser les bénéfices du fournisseur de service et de maximiser la satisfaction du client. (3) Afin de maximiser le nombre de clients, nous proposons une approche de négociation adaptative et simultanée comme extension de la négociation bilatérale. Nous proposons d’exploiter les changements de charge de travail en termes de disponibilité et de tarification des ressources afin de renégocier simultanément avec plusieurs utilisateurs non acceptés (c’est-à-dire rejetés lors de la première session de négociation) avant la création du contrat SLA. (4) Afin de gérer toute violation possible de SLA, nous proposons une approche proactive de renégociation après l’établissement de SLA. La renégociation est lancée lors de la détection d’un événement inattendu (par exemple, une panne de ressources) pendant le processus d’approvisionnement. Les stratégies de renégociation proposées visent à minimiser la perte de profit pour le fournisseur et à assurer la continuité du service pour le consommateur. Les approches proposées sont mises en œuvre et les expériences prouvent les avantages d’ajouter la (re)négociation au processus d’approvisionnement. L’utilisation de la (re)négociation améliore le bénéfice du fournisseur, le nombre de demandes acceptées et la satisfaction du client
Cloud provisioning is the process of deployment and management of applications on public cloud infrastructures. Cloud provisioning is used increasingly because it enables business providers to focus on their business without having to manage and invest in infrastructure. Cloud provisioning includes two levels of interaction: (1) between end-users and business providers for application provisioning; and (2) between business providers and resource providers for virtual resource provisioning.The cloud market nowadays is a complex environment where business providers need to maximize their monetary profit, and where end-users look for the most efficient services with the lowest prices. With the growth of competition in the cloud, business providers must ensure efficient provisioning that maximizes customer satisfaction and optimizes the providers’ profit. So, both providers and users must be satisfied in spite of their conflicting needs. Negotiation is an appealing solution to solve conflicts and bridge the gap between providers’ capabilities and users’ requirements. Intuitively, automated Service Level Agreement (SLA) negotiation helps in reaching an agreement that satisfies both parties. However, to be efficient, automated negotiation should consider the properties of cloud provisioning mainly the two interaction levels, and complexities related to dynamicity (e.g., dynamically-changing resource availability, dynamic pricing, dynamic market factors related to offers and demands), which greatly impact the success of the negotiation. The main contributions of this thesis tackling the challenge of multi-level negotiation in a dynamic context are as follows: (1) We propose a generic negotiator model that considers the dynamic nature of cloud provisioning and its potential impact on the decision-making outcome. Then, we build a multi-layer negotiation framework built upon that model by instantiating it among Cloud layers. The framework includes negotiator agents. These agents are in communication with the provisioning modules that have an impact on the quality and the price of the service to be provisioned (e.g, the scheduler, the monitor, the market prospector). (2) We propose a bilateral negotiation approach between end-users and business providers extending an existing provisioning approach. The proposed decision-making strategies for negotiation are based on communication with the provisioning modules (the scheduler and the VM provisioner) in order to optimize the business provider’s profit and maximize customer satisfaction. (3) In order to maximize the number of clients, we propose an adaptive and concurrent negotiation approach as an extension of the bilateral negotiation. We propose to harness the workload changes in terms of resource availability and pricing in order to renegotiate simultaneously with multiple non-accepted users (i.e., rejected during the first negotiation session) before the establishment of the SLA. (4) In order to handle any potential SLA violation, we propose a proactive renegotiation approach after SLA establishment. The renegotiation is launched upon detecting an unexpected event (e.g., resource failure) during the provisioning process. The proposed renegotiation decision-making strategies aim to minimize the loss in profit for the provider and to ensure the continuity of the service for the consumer. The proposed approaches are implemented and experiments prove the benefits of adding (re)negotiation to the provisioning process. The use of (re)negotiation improves the provider’s profit, the number of accepted requests, and the client’s satisfaction

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Kashani, Hossein. "Government intervention and efficiency in the North Sea petroleum industry." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804404/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Yorgure, Christian Sampson. "Assessing the Significance of Modularizing Contract Manufacturing Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1513.

Full text

Abstract:

Organizations are under constant threat from global competition, socioeconomic factors, and political forces that are often unforeseen and dynamic. Consequently, decision makers adopt strategies, some including the principles of modularity, as a countermeasure. The problem addressed in this study was the lack of knowledge about the significance of modularizing contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs). The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to assess the significance of modularizing CMOs by statistically analyzing capacity utilization, efficiency, and profit margin between modular and nonmodular departments in a focal CMO. This study was grounded in the theory of modularity and the research question addressed what might be the significant value of implementing organizational modularity. The hypotheses posited that a significant difference exists in these metrics between the modular and nonmodular departments of the focal company. ANCOVA was applied to the hypotheses using secondary data of complete job orders undertaken at a company from 2008 to 2013. The results indicated significant differences in capacity utilization, efficiency, and profit margin between modular and nonmodular departments after controlling for differences based on overhead cost or lead-time. Decision makers in manufacturing companies, particularly those in CMOs, may benefit from these findings because they provide answers to questions on the value of modularizing CMOs. The social change implications of this study are based on companies gaining knowledge to improve productivity, manufacture more affordable goods, and provide more skilled employment opportunities. As a result, more people leave poverty and experience an improved quality of life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Laporte, Marjorie, and Duff Jérôme Le. "Trust and contract effects on the efficiency of the supplier-manufacturer relationships : A dyadic perspective." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20721.

Full text

Abstract:

Business Administration, Business Process & Supply Chain Management, Degree Project (master), 15 higher education credits, 4FE06E, Spring 2011 Authors: Marjorie Laporte and Jérôme Le Duff Tutor: Fredrik Karlsson Title: Trust and contract effects on the efficiency of the supplier-manufacturer relationships – A dyadic perspective Background: The current global situation leads to a tightening of the supply chains. Since supply chain management is primarily about managing relationships, developing an efficient relationship appears to be the best way to stay competitive. Trust and contracts are elements that influence the efficiency of the relationships, but there is a debate concerning the way they impact efficiency. The focus has been made on the supplier-manufacturer relationships. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the supplier-manufacturer relationships of Ferrero France, in order to increase the understanding of trust in relation to different types of contracts, while providing a managerial contribution by describing their impact on efficiency. Method: Interviews have been run among Ferrero France, manufacturer of confectionery products, and two of its suppliers. The empirical findings have been analyzed and compared to the existing theory in order to draw relevant conclusions. The results and conclusions also give rise to a broader strategic reflection about the impact of trust and contract on the whole supply chain, and not only on the supplier-manufacturer relationship. Results, conclusions: The results of this research point out some similarities and differences compared to the existing theory. The dyadic perspective provides a broader point of view, and results in stating that trust is the most important factor leading to efficiency. Moreover, several types of contracts exist. Formal contracts and trust are substitutes and can work together to improve the efficiency, even if the legal framework may limit the increase of efficiency. Informal contracts and trust have a much moreTrust and contract effects on the efficiency of the supplier-manufacturerrelationshipsMaster Thesis – Spring 20123important relationship, and are key elements to achieve greater efficiency and long-term success of the supplier-manufacturer relationship, as well as the whole supply chain. This study provides managers with a better understanding of the role of trust and contract to improve the competitiveness of the whole supply chain, while contributing to enrich the existing theory with new perspectives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Vigren, Andreas. "Costs in Swedish Public Transport : An analysis of cost drivers and cost efficiency in public transport contracts." Licentiate thesis, Transportekonomi, TEK, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174378.

Full text

Abstract:

During the last seven years, the total cost for Swedish public transport provision has increased by over 30 percent in real terms according to figures from the government agency Transport Analysis. A similar pattern is found if considering a longer time span. Part of the cost increase can be attributed to an increased supply, and part is due to price increases on input factors that are measured by an industry index produced by the public transport industry. The fact that about half of the costs in Swedish public transport are covered by public funds calls for responsibility in how these funds are used, and this means that information about cost drivers and cost efficiency is necessary. The lack of information about these factors in the Swedish public transport sector is the main motivation for the two papers included in this thesis. In this cover essay, the developments over the last decades in Swedish public transport are described, and there is a focus on the last ten years with the Doubling Project and the market in 2012. As mentioned, the costs as a whole, as well as per unit costs such as cost per vehicle kilometer, have increased in real terms since 2007. Even though parts of the cost increase can be attributed to an increased supply or the price of input factors, this development might be problematic for at least two reasons. First, the ambition of the industry to double the number of travelers by the year 2020 seems to have resulted in a supply increase around year 2010 and a similar increase in the number of boardings. However, the cost per vehicle kilometer and cost per boarding have both increased since then, which can bring into question whether the supply increases have been made at the right places and to the proper extent to have the desired effect on travel. Second, it is not clear whether a price increase for input factors can be viewed as an ``acceptable'' explanation for the cost increase. To the extent that the Public Transport Authority (PTA) or operator can affect the price of input factors such as buses (detailed or environmental requirements, etc.) or labor (demands on take-over of previous staff), an endogenous relationship is possible, which could disguise these potentially cost-driving factors as general price increases. At the end of this essay, a discussion about the lack of publicly available data highlights the non-compliance with EU regulations related to this. More data resources, perhaps with open access, would enable more comparisons between contractual forms, PTAs, and operators, which would provide examples of good and poor solutions and concepts in the industry and would have the potential to ensure better use of public funds. Below is a summary over the two paper included in this licentiate thesis. Papper I - “Costs for Swedish Public Transport Authorities” - uses contract-level data for the year 2012 and econometric methodology to investigate how contract factors affect costs for bus contracts. A theoretical framework is established to show some of the cost mechanisms that are at work in the two most popular contractual forms in Sweden, and the paper provides some insights into what results to expect from the empirical analysis. The most important results from the econometric analysis are that higher population density and a contract being operated by a publicly owned (municipal or county council) operator are both associated with having higher costs. Also, no statistically significant differences could be found when using incentive payments in the contracts. Papper II - “Cost Efficiency in Swedish Public Transport” -has a similar perspective as Paper I, but it uses stochastic frontier analysis to focus on cost efficiency and differences across PTAs. Data for the year 2013 are used, along with other data sources, to derive a cost frontier from which some of the deviations from this can be attributed to cost inefficiencies. The results are similar to those of Paper I, namely that cost efficiency is lower in high-density areas and in contracts that are directly awarded to a publicly owned operator. When comparing the cost efficiency of the PTAs (or counties), most exhibit small differences. The difference between the 1st and 15th-ranked county is only about 8 percent. The difference is somewhat larger when turning to the third and second least efficient counties of Stockholm and Skåne. The least efficient county of Västmanland is about 30 less cost efficient than the 1st-ranked county.
De senaste sju åren har de totala kostnaderna för att bedriva kollektivtrafik i Sverige ökat med över 30 procent i reala termer enligt siffror från myndigheten Trafikanalys. Jämförs en längre tidsperiod hittas samma mönster. En del av kostnadsökningen kan förklaras med ett ökat utbud under perioden, och en del med ökade priser på insatsfaktorer vilket kan mätas med ett prisindex sammansatt av kollektivtrafikbranschen. Det faktum att ungefär hälften av kollektivtrafikens kostnader täcks av offentliga medel ställer krav på ett ansvarsfullt utnyttjande, vilket i sin tur kräver information om hur kostnader och kostnadseffektivitet påverkas. Dylik information är begränsad för svensk kollektivtrafik, vilket är den huvudsakliga motiveringen till de två papperen i denna uppsats. I den tillhörande kappan beskrivs de senaste decenniernas utveckling i den svenska kollektivtrafiken, med ett större fokus på de senaste tio åren med branschens fördubblingsprojekt samt marknadsöppningen år 2012. Som nämndes tidigare har kostnaderna som helhet, samt olika typer av styckkostnader såsom kostnad per körd utbudskilometer, ökat i reala termer sedan 2007. Även om delar av kostnadsökningarna kan attribueras till ett ökat utbud eller prisökningar i insatsfaktorer kan utvecklingen ändå vara problematisk av åtminstone två anledningar. För det första verkar branschens ambition att fördubbla resandet till år 2020 ha gett en utbudsökning under åren kring 2010, och en resandeökning något år senare. Vad som är tydligt är dock att både kostnaden per utbudskilometer och passagerare ökat. I ljuset av detta blir det tveksamt om utbudsökningarna skett på rätt ställen. För det andra är det oklart om en prisökning i insatsfaktorerna kan ses som ”acceptabla” anledningar till branschens kostnadsökning. I den mån kollektivtrafikmyndigheter och/eller operatörer kan påverka priset på insatsfaktorer såsom bussar (särkrav, miljökrav etc.) eller personal (personalövertagande etc.) riskerar man ett endogent samband vilket gör att dessa, potentiellt kostnadsdrivande, faktorer lätt kan sorteras bort som allmänna prisökningar. I slutet av kappan förs även en diskussion om den bristande tillgången på offentlig data i svensk kollektivtrafik, och att kollektivtrafikmyndigheterna inte följer uppsatta EU förordningar relaterat till detta. Ett större utbud av data, och helst ett öppet sådant, skulle möjliggöra för mer jämförelser mellan kontrakt, utförare och kollektivtrafikmyndigheter, vilket i förlängningen tydligare skulle kunna påvisa bra och dåliga exempel i branschen och bidra ett bättre resursutnyttjande av skattemedel. Nedan följer en sammanfattning av de två papper som ingår i licentiatuppsatsen. Papper I, “Costs for Swedish Public Transport Authorities”, använder data från år 2012 på kontraktsnivå för att med ekonometriska metoder analysera hur olika kontraktsfaktorer påverkar kostnaderna i busskontrakt. Analysen utgår från en teoretisk modell visar på kostnadsmekanismer i de två vanligaste kontraktstyperna, och som ger några insikter om vilka resultat som kan förväntas från den empiriska analysen. De viktigaste resultaten från den ekonometriska analysen är att kostnaderna är högre om kontraktet körs i ett område med hög befolkningstäthet, eller om operatören av ett kontrakt har en offentlig ägare (kommun eller landsting). Incitamentsersättning till operatören kan inte påvisas ha en statistiskt signifikant påverkan på kostnaderna. Papper II, “Cost Efficiency in Swedish Public Transport” , har en liknande utgångspunkt som Papper I, men använder stokastisk frontanalys för att fokusera på kostnadseffektivitet och skillnader i denna mellan kollektivtrafikmyndigheter. Data från år 2013 används tillsammans med ett antal andra datakällor för att ta fram en kostnadsfront, där vissa avvikelser från denna attribueras som kostnadsineffektivitet. Resultaten påminner om de i Papper I, nämligen att kostnadseffektiviteten är lägre i tätbefolkade områden, samt i kontrakt som direkttilldelas en offentligt ägd operatör. En jämförelse av kollektivtrafikmyndigheternas (länens) kostnadseffektivitet visar att de flesta län inte skiljer sig åt. Skillnaden mellan den mest effektiva och 15e mest effektiva länet är ca 8 procent. Skillnaden är något större till Stockholms och Skåne län, som har tredje respektive näst lägsta kostnadseffektivitet, samt det sist placerade länet, Västmanland, som är cirka 30 procent mer ineffektiv än det bäst placerade.

QC 20151007

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Chen, Kwok-wang, and 陳國宏. "Evaluation of market efficiency of stock options in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267889.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Meadows, Cheyney. "Evaluation of the effects of a contract breeding program on reproductive efficiency in Ohio dairy herds." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117163496.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

El, Zeenni Antonio. "L'équilibre des parties dans le contrat de franchise." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090017.

Full text

Abstract:

Le franchisage est un contrat qui est rarement équilibré. Il en est ainsi à cause d'une relation où l'on trouve une partie, généralement le franchiseur, qui domine le rapport contractuel. Cette relation économique et juridique appelle la plus grande attention en raison des investissements massifs qui y sont engagés. On verra souvent le franchisé assujetti à de nombreuses contraintes économiques, techniques et juridiques pratiquement exagérées sinon injustifiées. Cette situation n'est surtout pas sans solution. Cette étude s'efforce de trouver des remèdes aux problèmes posés par ce jeu de domination en examinant le contrat ainsi que ses différentes composantes. La méthode suivie consiste à examiner tout d'abord le concept relatif à chaque élément pris dans ce cadre contractuel précis tout en remontant à la définition de la franchise ainsi qu’à son objet, tout cela à la lumière de la notion d'équilibre et dans un souci de restaurer une certaine égalité de principe satisfaisant aux exigences de la justice contractuelle.Des définitions, des critères, des solutions, ainsi que des modifications y sont proposés à cette fin
Franchising is a contract that is not always balanced. This is due to a relationship where one can find a party, usually the franchisor, dominating the contractual bond. The economic and legal relationships call for much more attention due to the massive investments involved. One will often notice the franchisee being subject to many economic, technical and legal constraints that are practically exaggerated if not unjustified. This is certainly not without any solution. This study attempts to find remedies to the problems raised by this game of domination through examining the contract as well as its various components. The followed method consists of, primarily, the examination of the concept behind each element in this precise contractual framework, to then go back to the definition of franchising, as well as its object; all in light of the concept of equilibrium in order to restore some equality of principle in accordance with the requirements of contractual justice.Definitions, criteria, solutions, and amendments are proposed to serve this purpose

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Wilkinson, Kevin James. "More effective federal procurement response to disasters maximizing the extraordinary flexibilities of IDIQ contracting /." View thesis, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA454285.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Waterlot, Maxence. "L'effet réel du contrat." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0348.

Full text

Abstract:

Pour une doctrine actuellement majoritaire, le contrat désigne l’acte juridique donnant exclusivement naissance à des obligations, soit une contrainte pesant sur la seule personne des parties. Cette approche subjectiviste du contrat fait obstacle à ce qu’il puisse être justifié que certains actes relatifs à une chose se doublent d’un effet réel, c'est-à-dire, d’une limite assignée au libre exercice des prérogatives juridiques relatives à la chose objet du contrat. En consentant à l’acte, le débiteur ne s’oblige pas seulement ; il s’engage à permettre la réalisation du contrat. Le sujet renonce à une part d’autonomie juridique, laquelle se traduit notamment par l’affectation du bien et donc par une perte du libre exercice de sa prérogative sur la chose. À l’effet personnel du contrat s’ajoute un effet réel. La prise en compte de l’effet réel du contrat permet de résoudre, par exemple, les difficultés liées à la détermination de la portée de l’engagement consenti par le propriétaire engagé à une promesse unilatérale, d’expliquer la situation du bailleur ou encore celle de l’apporteur d’un bien en propriété à une société. Inconnu du Code civil et des divers projets de réforme du droit des obligations, mais encore de la doctrine, l’effet réel du contrat ne peut être traduit à l’aide d’une notion existante. L’étude menée suppose donc de procéder à l’élaboration tant de la notion d’effet réel du contrat que d’un régime spécifique. Au terme de cette étude, il est conclu que la consécration de la notion d’effet réel du contrat permet d’appréhender l’ensemble des manifestations de l’engagement contractuel
For the dominant legal doctrine, a contract is an act creating obligations between parties. This subjective approach, centered on the parties’ personal liability tends to preclude any justification of a potential effect in rem – i.e. a limit to the free exercise of legal powers on the subject matter of the contract. By agreeing to the contract, the contractor not only takes on an obligation, but also pledges to allow the completion of the contract, which implies his submission to a limitation of his rights, especially those relevant to the subject matter of the contract. In addition, as it may carry an assignment of property, a contract cannot be reduced to a simple creation of obligations. The admission of effets in rem makes it possible to establish the duties of an owner bound by a unilateral promise to sell and to explain the commitment of a lessor or of a shareholder bringing assets into the business. Ignored by law and by doctrine, the in rem effect of a contract cannot be fully understood through pre-existing notions. The subject of the study therefore consists in developing an entire theory of effect in rem of contract. In conclusion, it will appear that its recognition is a necessity to fully measure the scope of contractual liability

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Debessay, Robel Netsereab. "The impact of privatisation on firm efficiency, labor market and budget of government: case of Eritrea." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

Full text

Abstract:

Privatization has become a central feature of the economic policies of nations in the developed and developing world. Eritrea has also embarked on a privatisation program for the state-owned enterprises. It privatised 39 manufacturing enterprises from 1997-2001 in the hope that the enterprises might be restructured into more efficient, profitable, competent and value creating private enterprises. This thesis assessed the impact of privatisation on the operating efficiency, profitability, employment, wages and tax payment of the Eritrean newly privatised manufacturing enterprises.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Baníková, Denisa. "Studie procesu zásobování v obchodní společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377444.

Full text

Abstract:

The diploma thesis deals with the study of the supply process in the chosen company, which mainly deals with the purchase and sale of cleaning machines and equipment. The thesis presents a proposal to improve the Supply Chain, with an emphasis on streamlining traffic, while at the same time making it possible to streamline customer service by designing a website. The work is divided into three main parts. The first part includes all the theoretical starting points, from which the analytical part starts. This part is mainly consists of analyzing the state of the company by using appropriate methods. On the basis of the shortcomings identified, the third part discusses suggestions for improving the processes that will contribute to their improvement, increasing the competitiveness of the company and increasing the value for the customer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Van, Pottelsberghe Bruno. "The efficiency of science and technology policies inside the triad." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212154.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Koglin, Ryan W. "Efficient Image Processing Techniques for Enhanced Visualization of Brain Tumor Margins." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1415835138.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

McCann, Brian Patrick. "The efficiency of aeration and COD removal of a modified rotating biological contractor." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333844.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Bhanich, Supapol Atipol Carleton University Dissertation Economics. "The Federal make-or-buy policy: an analysis of factors affecting the efficiency of the government R & D contracting-out." Ottawa, 1988.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Jensen, Paul H. Australian Graduate School of Management Australian School of Business UNSW. "The impact of incentives, uncertainty and transaction costs on the efficiency of public sector outsourcing contracts." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Australian Graduate School of Management, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20506.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the late 1970s, the world has experienced a wave of microeconomic reform that has resulted in the privatisation of many previously State-owned assets, as well as other reforms directed at improving the efficiency of government business enterprises. This dissertation focuses on one important instrument of reform: outsourcing of public-sector service provision. Despite the prevalence of outsourcing, there has been relatively little empirical work analysing the effects of outsourcing at the contract level. This dissertation addresses three important empirical issues related to outsourcing. First, analysis of the magnitude and sources of cost savings associated with outsourcing was undertaken using a present value costing framework. Unlike other studies, this study includes transaction costs and considers how costs change over the life of the contract. The results indicate that savings of 37 per cent were achieved in the first year of contract operation ?savings that were achieved through a combination of reductions in pay and conditions, labour-saving technological change and reductions in inefficiency. Secondly, the dissertation considered why the level of savings achieved fell to 24 per cent following contract variations at the end of year 1. Some evidence indicated that this may have been due to opportunistic behaviour or hold-up: that the contract service provider may have taken advantage of contractual incompleteness and increased its price during the course of contract renegotiations. Although hold-up is an important theme in the literature on contracts, little empirical work has been undertaken in verifying its existence. Thirdly, the impact of contract design on the efficiency of outsourcing arrangements was analysed. It is well known that contract theory predicts a trade-off between incentives and risk. Using the standard principal-agent framework, a simple model is developed to analyse the effects of demand uncertainty on the risk-incentive trade-off. This model is then tested using data from maintenance services contracts at two corporatised water retailers in Melbourne: an environment that is characterised by high levels of both cost and demand uncertainty. Using a general linear regression model, the results obtained indicate that the moral hazard effect dominated the risk premium effect.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

O'Sullivan, Daniel. "What model should be used to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of a field contracting office." View thesis, 2003. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/03Jun%5FOSullivan.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Davino, Ronald M. "Consolidation of technical support service contracts : an investigation of effectiveness and efficiency within the Department of Defense /." La Verne, Calif. : University of La Verne, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.garfield.ulv.edu/dissertations/fullcit/3090254.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Modipa, Rebone Dineo. "An assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the Working for Water NBAL mapping, contract teams and clearing of Acacia mearnsii." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3192.

Full text

Abstract:

Working for Water (WfW) works to fulfil their dual mandate of protecting ecosystem services and creating employment opportunities for poor communities. There have been many successes but evidence is increasing regarding the inefficiencies at project and site scales. The study was undertaken in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, at a farm called Ann’s Villa situated in the Kommadagga valley, at the foot of the northern side of the Zuurberg pass. The study sought to assess the efficiency of the WfW mapping of natural biological aliens (NBAL), of contract teams and the effectiveness of the clearing methods employed to clear Acacia mearnsii. To achieve this, WfW mapping was analysed, contract team dynamics of the different task groups were observed and assessed and various Acacia mearnsii and indigenous plant variables were measured pre-and post-clearing of A. mearnsii. The first key finding was that overall the WfW NBAL mapping was inaccurate, with WfW A. mearnsii percentage cover (cover) estimations significantly over-estimated. Acacia mearnsii cover over-estimations resulted in fruitless expenditure as contracts were more expensive than necessary. Cover under-estimations also led to the inability to fulfill contractual obligations and the subsequent halting of the clearing of a large portion the study area. It was recommended that the NBAL mapping as well as the cover estimations of NBALs be conducted more rigorously, with expert assistance where skills are lacking, to avoid the associated fruitless expenditure. The second key finding was that WfW contract teams were largely inefficient, as a result of waiting, stemming from the lack of continuity in work. There was a strong positive relationship between subgroup chainsaw operator (CO) to stacker ratio and subgroup CO to stacker efficiency ratio. These inefficiencies meant that a mean of 58±67% of the total money spent per team resulted in fruitless expenditure. It was recommend that contract teams be organised to promote the continuity of work and that the current high stacker to CO ratios be reversed to increase efficiency and reduce fruitless expenditures. The third key finding was that overall the WfW methods of clearing A. mearnsii were 95% effective with a 90% removal success. The last key finding was that initial clearing operations had a largely insignificant impact on indigenous plant biodiversity. It was recommended that post-clearing inspection of quality control is conducted more rigorously and that penalties be implemented to deter contract teams from cutting indigenous species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Lu, Chi-Cheng, and 呂居政. "Design a valued contract RFID application for efficient management system." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45792353253775012535.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
資訊管理學系
96
The document management is a very common issue either for business or for any person’s daily life. Particularly, the economy dominates the society worldwide right now; it is highly possible that one person might own many different valued-document contracts. These valued-documents include stock, treasure fund, bond and insurance contract. How to manage the documentation efficiently to promote creation and increase competitions is very critical. This study designs and implements a system which utilizes the RFID technology as a tool to manage the valued document (stock and insurance contracts). The RFID tag is attached on top of the documentation and can be scanned by RFID reader. Thus, these valued-documents can provide more useful information and can be identified efficiently, and hope to increase the value-added services. This system implemented in this study can supply quick, efficient and with value-added service for document management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Rossouw, Werner. "Contesting the efficient market hypothesis for the Chicago Board of Trade corn futures contract through the application of a derivative methodology." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8108.

Full text

Abstract:

Corn production is scattered geographically over various continents, but most of it is grown in the United States. As such, the world price of corn futures contracts is largely dominated by North American corn prices as traded on the Chicago Board of Trade. In recent years, this market has been characterised by an increase in price volatility and magnitude of price movement as a result of decreasing stock levels. The development and implementation of an effective and successful derivative price risk management strategy based on the Chicago Board of Trade corn futures contract will therefore be of inestimable value to market stakeholders worldwide. The research focused on the efficient market hypothesis and the possibility of contesting this phenomenon through an application of a derivative price risk management methodology. The methodology is based on a combination of an analysis of market trends and technical oscillators with the objective of generating returns superior to that of a market benchmark. The study found that market participants are currently unable to exploit price movement in a manner which results in returns that contest the notion of efficient markets. The methodology proposed, however, does allow the user to consistently achieve returns superior to that of a predetermined market benchmark. The benchmark price for the purposes of this study was the average price offered by the market over the contract lifetime, and such, the efficient market hypothesis was successfully contested.
Business Management
D. Com. (Business Management)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Zhang, Sookie Xue. "Three essays on experimental economics." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/111408.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis consists of three essays using experimental economics to empirically study human behaviors in different economic contexts. Each essay is a self-contained paper. In the first paper, we try to address a puzzle of an unanticipated stoppage observed during houses auctions in Australia. Although no new information is revealed during the suspension, sellers perhaps intend by suspending the auction to trigger some psychological process which would lead to more aggressive bidding and therefore higher revenues. The stoppage allows bidders the time to imagine how they would live in their future home as if they were owning the house. The feeling of having the house can potentially trigger endowment effects, which generate additional attachment value to the object. In order to test this conjecture, we computerize an English auction for a real good in the laboratory with and without a stoppage. When the auction was stopped, we targeted the highest bidders by placing the object in front of them and informing them that they could keep the good if they won the auction. Unexpectedly, we observe a similar average auction price between the control treatment and the treatment with the stoppage. A deeper exploration shows that the targeted subjects won less frequently in the stop treatment than their counterparts in the control treatment. We conclude that there must be two opposite effects taking place in the stop treatment such that the same average auction price is observed as in the control treatment. A cooling-off effect makes the targeted subjects less aggressive in bidding while a heating-up effect induces the waiting subjects to bid more aggressively. In the second paper, we study experimentally how informative cheap talk is in a delegation game where information is asymmetric and incentives are misaligned. We are particularly interested in the efficiency of delegation when we alter the cardinality of the message space. This paper contributes to the cheap talk literature by a novel delegation scenario that studies how different forms of messages affect the degree of information transmission. The one-shot three-person delegation game is based on a repeated real-effort task. Two players can simultaneously send a costless message about their past performance along with their avatar to the delegator of their group. A delegator then can choose a player and delegate. Delegation replaces the delegator’s performance in the profit function by the future performance of the chosen person. In order to misalign preferences, the delegator has to pay a fixed bonus to the person she chooses. In the baseline treatment, we adopt a structured massage space which consists of integers to represent how well a player has performed in the addition task (i.e. Precise Message Treatment, PMT). Then, we introduce noise by partitioning the massage space into intervals (i.e. Fuzzy Message Treatment, FMT). Lastly, we implement free text communication to allow subjects any message they want (i.e. Free Communication Treatment, FCT). In line with the lie-aversion literature, truthful reports and moderate lies are observed across all treatments. Surprisingly, information is transmitted in both the FMT and the FCT but not in the PMT. We find that on average delegators ignored messages in the PMT, but increased the frequency of delegation when they received messages indicating better performances in both the FMT and the FCT. Compared to the situation where no delegation options are allowed, the joint channel of cheap talk and delegation improve social welfare to some degree. The highest efficiency is obtained in the FMT, where players can express freely how competent they are. An important reason is that delegators are able to extract information contained in messages of different styles. In the third paper, we investigate the social welfare enhancing effect of costly contracts used to resolve future distributional conflicts. A recent study by Bayer (2016) shows that subjects still cooperate to a certain extent in social dilemma situations, but welfare losses from competition in distributional contests destroy welfare gains from voluntary cooperation. We extend this study by providing a costly contract option before the two-stage cooperation and contest game. If a mutual agreement is made to implement the contract, the second stage distributional contest is avoided. As the baseline treatment, we adopt a simple equal split sharing rule and calibrate the contract cost to be the average effort incurred in Bayer’s contest game. Interestingly, we find that the costly equal split contract can stabilize individual contributions among those who opt in. Moreover, we find a significant improvement in the average profit compared to the control treatment where no contract option exists. However, the frequency of contracting declines dramatically in early periods. We further vary the type and the cost of a contract in two dimensions. Along the first dimension, we change the sharing rule to a proportional split conditional on individual contributions. This removes the social dilemma dimension of the cooperation game and theoretically allows for the implementation of the first-best. As expected, the majority of subjects opted for the contract with full cooperation following in most cases. Along the second dimension, we decrease the cost of an equal split contract. The lower contracting cost helps to delay the decline of the average contracting frequency. It seems that an equal split contract selects subjects who are more cooperative into signing the contract, which increases average welfare.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Economics, 2017.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Chen-LiShui and 陳麗水. "A study on litigation efficiency for dispute of delayed payment of contractor under construction contract." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93d337.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Chang-ShengChen and 陳昶笙. "A Study on Litigation Efficiency for The Liability for Warranty Against Property Defects of contractor under Construction Contract." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g8m565.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Lai, Yu-Ren, and 賴郁仁. "Efficient Contrast Enhancement for Finger-Vein Recognition System." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42957946348424400091.

Full text

Abstract:

博士
國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
104
Various personal authentication systems have been extensively used in numerous civilian applications because of the continual growth in the demands on security systems in recent years. Biometrics has received considerable attention and has been extensively used for identifying individuals in personal authentication systems. This thesis presents a novel finger-vein recognition system based on the enhanced finger-vein images. To achieve this, the system first identifies regions-of-interest from the captured images, and then determines their skeleton topologies, which are used to analyze the similarities and differences between finger-vein patterns. The system exhibited encouraging experimental results in differentiating individuals, but failed in classifying some extreme cases of ambiguous features. Consequently, an additional image quality assessment stage is borrowed to enhance the recognition accuracy. As demonstrated in the experimental results, the proposed extended strategy substantially improves upon the skeleton topology matchingonly approach. The performance of the proposed method outperforms the existing systems with the published databases and our own databases. The twofold examined finger-vein recognition system exhibits great potential as a competitive biometric, and thus the practical applications of which are vast. However, the captured finger-vein images are blurred and low-contrast by the implemented low-cost near-infrared imaging device. Therefore, the captured finger-vein image needs to be enhanced by the proposed contrast enhancement method. Consequently, this thesis presents a novel local histogram equalization by combining the transformation functions of the non-overlapped sub-images based on the gradient information for edge preservation and better visualization. To ameliorate the problems of the over- and under-enhancement produced by conventional local histogram equalization, the bilateral Bezier curve-based histogram modification strategy is first employed to modify the significant and insufficient changes of each cumulative distribution in each sub-image. Yet, the gradient information has not been considered, and the cumulative distribution of some enhanced sub-images are still significant or insufficient because of the over- and under-enhancement, respectively. Therefore, the key insight of the proposed method is that the transformation functions of the partitioned sub-images will be weighed and combined based on the proportion of gradients to preserve the image texture. In addition, the input image is separated into the non-overlapped sub-images for reducing the time complexity. Based on the eight representative test images and mean opinion score, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is quite competitive with four state-of-the-art histogram equalization methods in the literature. Furthermore, according to the subjective evaluation, it is observed that the proposed method can also apply to the practical applications and achieve good visual quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Efficient contract'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles