Relevant bibliographies by topics / Efficient contract

Academic literature on the topic 'Efficient contract'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Efficient contract"

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Koeppl, Thorsten, Cyril Monnet, and Erwan Quintin. "Efficient contract enforcement." Economic Theory 55, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00199-013-0745-3.

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Lyons, B. "Empirical relevance of efficient contract theory: inter-firm contracts." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 12, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/12.4.27.

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Seligman, Matthew. "Moral Diversity and Efficient Breach." Michigan Law Review, no. 117.5 (2019): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.117.5.moral.

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Most people think it is morally wrong to breach a contract. But sophisticated commercial parties, like large corporations, have no objection to breaching contracts and paying the price in damages when doing so is in their self-interest. The literature has ignored the profound legal, economic, and normative implications of that asymmetry between individuals’ and firms’ approaches to breach. To individuals, a contract is a promise that cannot be broken regardless of the financial stakes. For example, millions of homeowners refused to breach their mortgage contracts in the aftermath of the housing crisis even though doing so could have saved them tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars. Their moral beliefs led homeowners to forgo opportunities for efficient breach that firms would have seized, thus exacerbating al-ready swelling wealth inequalities. This Article explains this phenomenon, identifies its consequences and examines strategies to address it. Neither ex post judicial interventions (such as adjusting the remedies for breach) nor traditional ex ante regulatory interventions (such as disclosure requirements) will effectively address the problem. Instead, the most promising approach is a novel solution based on the framework of choice architecture: requiring contracts to include an express term creating an option to exit the contract and pay a fee equivalent to expectation damages. An express exit term elevates an implicit legal option into an explicit contractual option, reframing the moral choice so individuals would perceive exiting the contract as a morally permissible performance of their promise rather than a morally forbidden breaking of it. The presence of that exit term thereby aligns individuals’ perceptions of their moral obligations under the contract with sophisticated firms’ approaches to breach. The Article concludes with new empirical evidence that demonstrates the practical impact of an exit clause. It presents the results of two experimental studies I performed that demonstrate the effectiveness of a mandatory exit clause in reducing the effects of the asymmetry between individuals and firms. Those results show that exit clauses could have substantial practical implications for the regulation of contracts in contexts like consumer and mortgage contracts.
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Hueth, B. "Estimation of an efficient tomato contract." European Review of Agriculture Economics 29, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurrag/29.2.237.

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Wang, Yan, Jixin Li, Wansheng Liu, and Aiping Tan. "Efficient Concurrent Execution of Smart Contracts in Blockchain Sharding." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (February 18, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6688168.

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Throughput performance is a critical issue in blockchain technology, especially in blockchain sharding systems. Although sharding proposals can improve transaction throughput by parallel processing, the essence of each shard is still a small blockchain. Using serial execution of smart contract transactions, performance has not significantly improved, and there is still room for improvement. A smart contract concurrent execution strategy based on concurrency degree optimization is proposed for performance optimization within a single shard. This strategy is applied to each shard. First, it characterizes the conflicting contract feature information by executing a smart contract, analyzing the factors that affect the concurrent execution of the smart contracts, and clustering the contract transaction. Second, in shards with high transaction frequency, considering the execution time, conflict rate, and available resources of contract transactions, finding a serializable schedule of contract transactions by redundant computation and a Variable Shadow Speculative Concurrency Control (SCC-VS) algorithm for smart contract scheduling is proposed. Finally, experimental results show that the strategy increases the concurrency of smart contract execution by 39% on average and the transaction throughput of the whole system by 21% on average.
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Urcola, Hernán A., and Scott H. Irwin. "Hog Options: Contract Redesign and Market Efficiency." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 42, no. 4 (November 2010): 773–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800003953.

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This article tests the efficiency of the hog options market and assesses the impact of the 1996 contract redesign on efficiency. We find that the hog options market is efficient, but some options yielded excess returns during the live hogs period but not during the lean hogs period. Our findings indicate that the hog options market is efficient and is consistent with the new contract improving the efficiency of the market. However, other market conditions such as lower transaction costs during the lean hogs period can also contribute to reduce expected option returns during the latter period.
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Bac, Mehmet, and Serife Genc. "The French first employment contract: efficient screening device or Kleenex contract?" Journal of Economics 98, no. 1 (June 17, 2009): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-009-0080-0.

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Zimunya, Kennedy Tapiwa, and Lighton Dube. "Technical Efficiency of Broiler Contract Growers in Chegutu District of Zimbabwe: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis." Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 9 (October 27, 2021): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjavs.2021.v08i09.003.

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Zimbabwe has witnessed a steady growth in broiler contract farming post the land reform programme which has brought in new players for which little is known about their level of productivity when compared to traditional commercial broiler producers. The purpose of this study was to determine the technical efficiency of broiler contract growers in Chegutu district of Zimbabwe. Specific objectives for the study were to establish socio-economic characteristics of boiler contract growers, estimate their technical efficiency and establish the determinants of technical efficiency. A population of 54 growers under one contract farming arrangement was studied. Cross sectional data was collected using a structured questionnaire and the stochastic frontier analysis was used to analyse the technical efficiencies and the determinants of technical efficiency. Broiler contract farming is dominated by male growers who constitute 72% of the contracted farmers. Significant factors influencing output were found to be batch size, feed quantity and transport cost. The broiler contract growers were found to be highly efficient with a mean technical efficiency of 97.1% ranging from 88.9%-99.6%. Grower residence on the farm and grower management of daily operations were found to significantly reduce technical inefficiency while technical inefficiency increases with grower age and key employee experience. The study recommends that there is need to expand broiler contract farming as it is highly efficient. The government must also put in place measures that encourage young smallholder farmers to venture into broiler contract farming as they are more efficient when compared to older farmers. Measures should also be put in place to encourage more female farmers to venture into broiler contract farming.
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Moxey, Andrew, Ben White, and Adam Ozanne. "Efficient Contract Design for Agri-Environment Policy." Journal of Agricultural Economics 50, no. 2 (November 5, 2008): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1999.tb00807.x.

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Ahn, Ah-Rim, Ta-Kwan Choi, and Eun-Taek Kang. "Proper Electricity Contract for Efficient Management of Apartment." Korea Real Estate Society 56 (June 30, 2020): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37407/kres.2020.38.2.159.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Efficient contract"

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Sieke, Marcel. "Supply chain contract management a performance analysis of efficient supply chain contracts." Köln Kölner Wiss.-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989792722/04.

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Matouschek, Niko Bernd Georg. "Efficient organisation of economic institutions : firms and contract enforcement agencies." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1628/.

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This thesis studies the efficient organisation of economic institutions. In the first chapter we analyse how foreign direct investment projects can generate spillovers through backward linkages. An investment project can generate such spillovers if local competitors in the project's own industry can benefit from the upstream efficiency improvements that were induced by the entry of the foreign firm. The existence of the spillover effect depends crucially on the supplier arrangement that is chosen by the foreign firm. The foreign firm could avoid the spillover effect by producing the input itself or by contracting with only a small number of local suppliers. We use an incomplete contract framework to study the conditions under which the foreign firm optimally chooses a supplier arrangement that generates spillovers to the local industry. In the second chapter we study an incomplete contract model in which a buyer and a seller first agree on an efficient ownership structure and then bargain over the price of an input. We allow for asymmetric information at the ex post bargaining stage. The ownership structure that the agents agree on ex ante determines the payoff that each of them can realise before reaching agreement ex post. We show that an ownership structure that lowers the parties' joint pre-agreement payoffs accelerates ex post decision making but also makes delay in decision making more costly. We derive the ownership distribution that minimises the ex post bargaining inefficiencies. In the third chapter we compare the efficiency of private and public provision of contract enforcement services. We show that self-interested agents with coercive power may have an incentive to use this power to enforce contracts between third parties. However, such agents also engage in extortion. We analyse how social welfare depends on the number of self-interested agents with coercive power and whether such agents face democratic elections.
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Schropp, Simon A. B. "Trade policy flexibility and enforcement in the WTO reform agenda towards an efficient "breach" contract /." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/3435.

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Abdi, Adel. "Efficient Winter Road Maintenance : A Study of Technical and Contractual Issues." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141945.

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Since ancient times, roads have tied people and cultures together. Roads have been createdwith the aim of facilitating trade and cultural exchange among different regions in the world. After the technologic development in vehicle industry and dramatically increase of motoring in the world during the past century road communication has gained a great importance for transporting people and goods. Thus, good safety and accessibility on roads all year round is now a vital necessity for a healthy economy in all modern societies. In order to keep roads safe, available for use with high transport quality they need to be maintained in real time. One of the most difficult tasks in this context is to keep the roads in good condition and accessible even during winter. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to attempt to specify the most efficient ways of executing winter road maintenance.  The preliminary issue in this context is whether it is the use of current assistive tools, that is, technical aspects that should be optimized and developed or whether it is the way in which winter maintenance services are procured and outsourced, that is, contractual aspects that should be improved which could give the optimal impact for both clients and contractors and make winter road maintenance more effective, or both issues. In order to define the outline of the research project a comprehensive state of the art survey was initiated with the intention of collecting and gaining insights into the earlier studies in the research area. Three basic areas associated with the performance of winter road maintenance were considered to be most relevant for review due to the anchorage between the areas. The selected areas were climatological, technical and contractual aspects. The literature review was followed by an electronic questionnaire survey. The results of the study in this stage showed that current technical methods almost functioned in a reasonable manner but there was an imprecise dissatisfaction with the current maintenance contract. The second stage of the research consisted of a number of additional empirical investigations in order to identify contractual problematic issues behind the current winter road maintenance in Sweden. Generally, those factors that are rarely considered as potential underlying causes to costly performance of winter road maintenance in Sweden were studied in this research project for example improper use of related technical assistive tools, procurement of improper bundled winter services and inappropriate contract structure. This thesis consists of six papers, five of which are related to each other, and the first one is completely independent but within research area. Findings in the thesis contributes to extend understanding about; how designing appropriate contracts can improve winter road maintenance, how proper use of assistive tools can reduce unnecessary winter road maintenance costs and minimize road traffic disruptions and delays, how a partnering structure in contracts can create confidence and trust between clients and contractors that in turn leads to minimizing or eliminating conflicts and disputes between parties involved, how choice of appropriate procurement methods through proper bundling of winter road services can contribute to shorten the procurement process and create incentives for contractors, and how selection of proper payment mechanisms can contribute to higher service quality of performed winter road measures. Additionally, an adequate knowledge and understanding of climate, proper knowledge of road weather and its impact on winter road traffic is essential for contribution of better planning of how to maintain the road network during winter. Since understanding about winter issues and its effect on winter road traffic is far from complete and winter road maintenance in the cold regions is a similar challenge, broad and complex, the results of this research may even contribute to improving winter maintenance problems in the countries with severe winters like Sweden.

QC 20140227

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Briglauer, Wolfgang, and Christian Holzleitner. "Efficient contracts for government intervention in promoting next generation communications networks." Forschungsinstitut für Regulierungsökonomie, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3641/1/briglauer_holzleitner_efficient_contracts.pdf.

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Although the future socio-economic benefits of a new fibre-based ("next generation access", NGA) telecommunications infrastructure seem to be uncontroversial, most countries have to date only undertaken NGA investments on a small scale. Accordingly, a universal NGA coverage appears to be a rather unrealistic objective without government intervention. Indeed, many governments have already initiated diverse subsidy programs in order to stimulate NGA infrastructure deployment. We contend, however, that the current contract practice of fixing ex ante targets for network expansion is inefficient given the uncertainty about future returns on NGA infrastructure-based services and the public authorities' incomplete information about the capital costs of the network provider. This paper puts forward to delegate the choice of the network expansion to the NGA provider. Simple linear profit-sharing contracts can be designed to control the NGA provider's incentives and to put in balance the public objectives of network expansion and limitation of public expenditure. (author's abstract)
Series: Working Papers / Research Institute for Regulatory Economics
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Iolovitch, Marcos Brossard. "Efficient breach theory – a análise do rompimento eficiente dos contratos empresariais à luz da legislação brasileira e da law and economics." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148302.

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O presente trabalho examina a teoria da quebra eficiente do contrato, oriunda do direito anglo-saxão, segundo a qual, sinteticamente, um contrato só será cumprido se os custos para adimplir a obrigação forem inferiores àqueles incorridos pelo descumprimento, admitindo-se, portanto, o inadimplemento voluntário dos contratos. O objetivo é, além de apresentar a teoria, verificar a possibilidade de aplicação da mesma no Brasil, com enfoque especial nos contratos empresariais. Para tanto, o trabalho é estruturado em introdução, quatro capítulos de desenvolvimento e encerra com a conclusão. Superada a introdução, que apresenta mais profundamente as razões que levaram à pesquisa sobre o tema, o capítulo 2 versa acerca dos paradigmas clássicos de responsabilidade contratual, com destaque às modalidades de extinção do contrato sem a consecução do seu objeto bem como às regras indenizatórias aplicáveis nestes casos, em que se busca cotejá-las com o entendimento jurisprudencial. A seguir, o capítulo 3 traz as premissas teóricas da Law and Economics focadas no Direito dos Contratos necessárias à compreensão, no capítulo seguinte, da teoria da quebra eficiente do contrato, que representa o tema central do presente estudo. Neste capítulo 4 será feita uma abordagem teórica e prática da teoria sob exame, apontando sua origem histórica, desenvolvimento e aceitação do paradigma, identificando os requisitos para sua aplicação, potenciais barreiras e também as críticas doutrinárias para, em seguida, delinear o que seria o cenário ideal para sua aplicação, bem como um tópico dedicado exclusivamente à sua abordagem prática e metodologia, indicando os elementos que devem ser sopesados antes de se tomar a decisão de romper um contrato. No capítulo 5, verifica-se quais requisitos são aceitos, as efetivas barreiras e como elas podem ser superadas para autorizar a sua incidência no Brasil, tanto os de caráter jurídico como os extralegais. Para o fechamento, o último capítulo apresenta as conclusões alcançadas através da pesquisa, indicando pontos relevantes sobre a teoria da quebra eficiente e respondendo ao principal questionamento cuja resposta era almejada, se é possível aplicar a teoria no Brasil, sob quais circunstâncias e em qual extensão.
The current paper examines the efficient breach theory of contracts, from the Anglo-Saxon law origin, according to which, briefly, a contract will only be performed if the costs for performance of the obligation are lower than those incurred for non-performance, admitting, therefore, intentional breach of contract. The goal is, in addition to presenting the theory, check the possibility of applying it in Brazil, focusing mostly on business contracts. Therefore, the work is structured into introduction, four chapters of development and ends with the conclusion. Surpassed the introduction, which explains more deeply the reasons that led to research on the topic, chapter 2 examines the classical paradigms of contractual liability, especially to terminate the contract without achieving its object as well as the applicable indemnity rules in these cases, seeking to compare them with the jurisprudential understanding. Following, chapter 3 provides the theoretical premises of Law and Economics focused on the Law of Contracts necessary to understand, in the next chapter, the efficient breach theory, which is the central theme of this study. In chapter 4 a theoretical and practical approach of the theory under examination will be addressed with its historical origin, development and acceptance of the paradigm, identifying the requirements for its application, potential barriers and also the criticism it has faced to, then, outline what would be the ideal scenario for its application as well as a topic dedicated exclusively to its practical approach and methodology, pointing the elements that should be weighed before deciding to breach a contract. In chapter 5, it is shown the which requirements are accepted, the actual barriers and how they can be surpassed to permit its incidence in Brazil, both legal and non-legal. For closure, the last chapter presents the conclusions reached through the research, indicating the relevant points on the theory of efficient breach and responding to the main question of which answer was longed for, whether it is possible to apply the theory in Brazil, under what circumstances and to what extent.
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Halvosen, Rick D. "Economic efficiency in transit service contracts : the role of contract structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12399.

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Moradinejad, Reza. "Le rôle de l'économie en droit du contrat." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GREND006.

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La présente étude entend montrer comment les objectifs définis par la science économique peuvent contribuer à l'évolution du droit du contrat. Dans un premier temps, nous montrerons pourquoi et comment la conception du contrat doit évoluer en suivant les évolutions des théories économiques. Nous démontrerons que le contrat, en tant que cadre juridique des relations économiques, ne peut effectuer sa fonction principale, qui est d'assurer l'efficience des relations économiques, que si sa conception est fondée sur les résultats obtenus en science économiques. Nous proposons alors une nouvelle conception qui repose sur l'approche relationnelle du contrat. Dans un second temps, nous montrerons comment la quête de la justice sociale a pu faire évoluer la conception de la justice contractuelle. Le sens de cette évolution est, d'une part, de l'indifférence du droit à l'égard de la question de l'équilibre contractuel vers les interventions, directes ou indirectes, dans ce domaine et, d'autre part, de la justice commutative au sein d'un seul contrat isolé vers la promotion de la justice sociale en intervenant dans les relations contractuelles
The present study aims to show how the objectives defined by the economic science may contribute to the evolution of the contract law. First, it shows why and how the conception of contract should be changed following the evolution of economic theories. We demonstrate that the contract, as a legal framework for the economical relations, may fulfil its principal function, which is to assure the efficiency of the economic relations, only if its conception is based on the economic findings. Thus, we propose a new conception which is based on the relational approach to contract. Then, we will show how the quest for social justice has changed the conception of contractual justice. The direction of this evolution is, on the one hand, from indifference of law regarding the contractual balance towards the direct or indirect interventions, and, in the other hand, from commutative justice in one isolated contract to the promotion of social justice by intervening in the contractual relations
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Ignberg, Johan. "Utmaningar med passivhusstandard : En studie om små enbostadshus i norra Sverige." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75192.

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Som följd av EUs direktiv om nya byggnaders energiprestanda ökar kraven på det svenska byggnadsbeståndet. Passivhusstandard är ett energiklassningssystem som kan nyttjas som verktyg för att nå energieffektiva byggnader. Att nå denna standard i små byggnader innebär dock enligt tidigare studier en utmaning och i Sveriges norra halva finns få passivhus, särskilt sådana som uppförts av egnahemsbyggare. Det gör det svårt att bedöma vad standarden innebär för den private beställaren av små enbostadshus, utifrån tidigare erfarenheter av motsvarande projekt. Denna studie syftar till att öka förståelsen för utmaningar vid byggande av små enbostadshus med passivhusstandard i norra Sverige. Det övergripande målet är att ta fram rekommendationer till beställare i norr som står inför val av energiprestandanivå för sina små enbostadshus, utifrån insikter som genereras av ett studieprojekt. Vilken energiprestanda som är rimlig för enbostadsbyggnader < 70 m2 i norr, är en av de frågor som svar söks på. Bedömningen görs utifrån svensk klassning av passivhus från Forum för Energieffektivt byggande, FEBY 18. Vidare ställs frågan hur utmaningarna ser ut för projekt av motsvarande omfattning där passivhusstandard eftersträvas. För att besvara frågorna har ett skarpt projekt valts som studieprojekt och utgångspunkt. Studieprojektet innebär en komplementbyggnad i ett plan om 55 m2 Atemp som planeras av egnahemsbyggare i Skellefteå för totalentreprenad. I studien ingår litteraturgenomgång om passivhusteknik och dess tillämpning i projekt samt fallstudie om Studieprojektet innefattande gestaltningsförslag, anbudsförfrågan till entreprenörer och intervjuer med dem. För kompletterande insikter till det studerade området, små enbostadshus med strävan mot passivhusstandard i norra Sverige,har även samtal skett med personer med erfarenhet av liknande projekt och personer med expertkunskap om passivhusstandarden. En av utmaningarna som identifierats är de tekniska lösningar som krävs för att teoretiskt uppnå energiprestanda motsvarande passivhus, FEBY Guld. Dessa fordrar en investeringskostnad som inte bedöms vara rimlig för byggnader av så liten skala. I studiens resultat framgår att den lägre nivån FEBY Silver är en mer rimlig målsättning för enbostadsbyggnader < 70 m2 i norr men att även den nivån kan innebära en utmaning för beställare. Hängivenhet hos beställare till energieffektiviserande lösningar är centralt för möjligheten att nå FEBY Silver. När dessa tekniska lösningar efterfrågas från en totalentreprenör med begränsad erfarenhet av energieffektiva småhus kan det vara svårt att fånga entreprenörers intresse. Dessutom kräver entreprenadformen relativt mycket arbete av entreprenörer vid kostnadskalkylering. Här identifieras utmaningar som spåras till att entreprenören bär funktionsansvaret som totalentreprenör vilket leder det till slutsatsen att beställare bör välja utförandeentreprenad för enbostadshus under 70 m2 i norra Sverige, med strävan mot passivhusstandard. Förslag på vidare studier innefattar att jämföra förutsättningar för låg energianvändning i olika, små byggnadstyper. Ytterligare förslag är att genomföra en ny anbudsförfrågan för Studieprojektet med utgångspunkt i resultatet från denna studie, för djupare insikter i kostnadsrelaterade utmaningar.
Stricter requirements for energy performance in buildings in Sweden is a result of a directive from EU. Passive house-standard is an energy classification system which can be used as a tool to reach energy efficiency in buildings. However, achieving passive house standard for small buildings is a challenge according to previous studies. Further, passive houses are few in the northern parts of Sweden, especially those built byprivate homeowners. Therefore, it’s difficult to assess what the standard means to private buyers of small single-family homes, based on previous experiences. This study aims to increase the understanding of challenges when building small single-family homes of passive house-standard in the north of Sweden. The main goal is to make recommendations to buyers of small single-family homes in the north who are facing the decision of what energy performance level to target, based on insights generated by a study project. One of the questions asked is -What is an appropriate level of energy performance of single-family homes <70 m2 in the north? The assessment is based is based on the Swedish classification system for passive houses, FEBY 18. The second question asked is -What are the challenges facing projects of this scale, where the passive house standard is sought? To answer the questions, a real project has been chosen for study and reference point. The Study Project is a 55 m2 Atemp single-storey house which is planned by private home-owners for a turnkey contract, on a real estate with an existing residence in Skellefteå. The study includes a literature review on passive house technology and its application in projects, as well as a case study of the Study Project containing a design proposal, a request for turnkey proposals from selected contractors and further contact with these through interviews. People with experience of relevant projects and people with expert knowledge of passive house standard have been contacted to reach additional insights within the studied area. Among the identified challenges are the building solutions and techniques which are required to reach passive house-standard, “FEBY Gold”. These solutions entail an investment cost that’s not considered to be reasonable for buildings of such a small scale. The study’s result shows that the lower energy level “FEBY Silver” is an attainable objective but still, this level as target can pose a challenge to the buyer.  A buyer’s dedication to energy efficient solutions is central for the prospect of having the Silver level within reach. When these building solutions are requested from a turnkey contractor with limited experience of energy-efficient, small houses, obstacles arise in making the project attractive for contractors as relatively much work is required when calculating costs. Here, challenges are identified that relates to the contractor being responsible for the function of the finished product, the house. This leads to the conclusion that private buyers should opt for other contract types than turnkey, for single-family homes < 70 m2in northern Sweden, when aiming for passive house standard.  Suggestions for further studies includes comparing the conditions for low energy use in different, small building types. Another suggestion is to carry out a new request for proposal of the Study Project and make adaptions according to the insights given by this study and thus, investigate the cost-related challenges further.
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Manenti, Olivier. "Le marché en droit des marchés publics : enjeux théoriques et perspectives analytiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1000.

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Cette thèse a un objet théorique et un objet pratique. L'objet théorique est double. Il s'agit de démontrer la possibilité d'une réception juridique de l'analyse économique du droit. Cela nécessite de se placer dans les postulats de la postmodernité tant dans l'approche du concept d'Etat que dans celle de la règle juridique. La recherche se place alors résolument dans la doctrine théorique de l'approche de la règle juridique à travers le paradigme du réseau. Dans cette perspective théorique, le droit des marchés publics n'est que le support de cette démonstration. Mais il en devient aussi l'objet pratique. Le marché public est ainsi un acte dans l'économique et un acte économique. En tant que contrat de l'achat public, le marché public place la personne publique ou assimilée dans une relation d'échange économique. La notion générale de contrat permet de percevoir le marché public comme le support juridique d'un échange économique. Mais le recours aux marchés publics est aussi un choix de gestion. Il est est alors l'une des options possibles dans la gestion administrative contemporaine axée sur la recherche de la rationalisation de l'action administrative. Le marché public est alors perçu comme un acte juridique ayant aussi une source économique. En tant qu'acte économique, le marché public entretient alors des rapports d'interaction avec les règles de droit de la concurrence. Or le droit des marchés publics est lui-même le droit d'une concurrence spécifique. Cette mutation de la réception de l'économique dans les marchés publics et les règles les encadrant permet l'avènement d'un juge administratif du contrat économiste
This research deals with how the French and the European public procurement laws integrate the economic analysis of contract. The theoretical approach is based on Law taken under the network theory. In a first point, the public contract is taken under the relation between the general definition of contract and the economic notion of exchange. The second point deals with the new public management theories and the public procurement contracts. In this point, It is examined how the choice of buying influences the organization of public agencies. The third and the fourth points deal with consequences of taking the public procurement contract as an economic action. It is discussed the relation between the public procurement law and the competition law; especially how the public procurement law is, in itself, a specialized competition law. This new evolution offers to French administrative judge, taken as the judge of all the administrative contracts, a way to become an economic judge
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Books on the topic "Efficient contract"

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Dor, Avi. Are contract-managed hospitals more efficient? Rockville, MD (Executive Office Center, Suite 501, 2101 East Jefferson St., Rockville 20852): Center for General Health Services Intramural Research, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1994.

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Dor, Avi. Are contract-managed hospitals more efficient? Rockville, MD (Executive Office Center, Suite 501, 2101 East Jefferson St., Rockville 20852): Center for General Health Services Intramural Research, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1994.

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Dor, Avi. Are contract-managed hospitals more efficient? Rockville, MD (Executive Office Center, Suite 501, 2101 East Jefferson St., Rockville 20852): Center for General Health Services Intramural Research, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1994.

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Dor, Avi. Are contract-managed hospitals more efficient? Rockville, MD (Executive Office Center, Suite 501, 2101 East Jefferson St., Rockville 20852): Center for General Health Services Intramural Research, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1994.

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Dor, Avi. Are contract-managed hospitals more efficient?. Rockville, MD (Executive Office Center, Suite 501, 2101 East Jefferson St., Rockville 20852): Center for General Health Services Intramural Research, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1994.

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Dor, Avi. Are contract-managed hospitals more efficient? Rockville, MD (Executive Office Center, Suite 501, 2101 East Jefferson St., Rockville 20852): Center for General Health Services Intramural Research, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1994.

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Dor, Avi. Are contract-managed hospitals more efficient? Rockville, MD (Executive Office Center, Suite 501, 2101 East Jefferson St., Rockville 20852): Center for General Health Services Intramural Research, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1994.

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Yun, Jungyoll. Simple efficient rank-order contracts under moral hazard and adverse selection. Stanford, CA: Stanford Institute for Theoretical Economics, 1990.

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Christofides, Louis N. Efficient and inefficient employment outcomes: A study based on Canadian contract data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.

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Barrett, Richard. The efficient sharing of an uncertain natural resource: A contract theory approach. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, Department of Economics, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Efficient contract"

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Líšková, L’ubica, and Martin Stanek. "Efficient Simultaneous Contract Signing." In Security and Protection in Information Processing Systems, 441–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8143-x_29.

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Sieke, Marcel. "Optimal Channel Selection and Efficient Contracts." In Supply Chain Contract Management, 109–41. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-24382-1_6.

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Ferrer-Gomila, Josep L., Magadalena Payeras-Capellà, and Llorenç Huguet-Rotger. "Efficient Optimistic N-Party Contract Signing Protocol." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 394–407. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45439-x_27.

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Li, Zhaoxuan, Rui Zhang, and Pengchao Li. "A Secure and Efficient Smart Contract Execution Scheme." In Web Services – ICWS 2020, 17–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59618-7_2.

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Sheng, Shang-Pin, and Mingyan Liu. "Optimal Contract Design for an Efficient Secondary Spectrum Market." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 176–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35582-0_14.

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Soni, Jaykumar, Rajesh Gujar, Tejaskumar Thaker, Sagar Deshmukh, and P. R. Patelia. "Efficient Road Asset Management with Output and Performance-Based Road Contract." In Innovative Research in Transportation Infrastructure, 45–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2032-3_5.

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Barrett, Richard. "The Efficient Sharing of an Uncertain Natural Resource: A Contract Theory Approach." In Conflict and Cooperation on Trans-Boundary Water Resources, 349–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5649-7_20.

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Hajdu, Ákos, and Dejan Jovanović. "SMT-Friendly Formalization of the Solidity Memory Model." In Programming Languages and Systems, 224–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44914-8_9.

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AbstractSolidity is the dominant programming language for Ethereum smart contracts. This paper presents a high-level formalization of the Solidity language with a focus on the memory model. The presented formalization covers all features of the language related to managing state and memory. In addition, the formalization we provide is effective: all but few features can be encoded in the quantifier-free fragment of standard SMT theories. This enables precise and efficient reasoning about the state of smart contracts written in Solidity. The formalization is implemented in the SOLC-VERIFY verifier and we provide an extensive set of tests that covers the breadth of the required semantics. We also provide an evaluation on the test set that validates the semantics and shows the novelty of the approach compared to other Solidity-level contract analysis tools.
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Bunse, Christian, Sonja Klingert, and Thomas Schulze. "GreenSLAs: Supporting Energy-Efficiency through Contracts." In Energy Efficient Data Centers, 54–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33645-4_6.

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Greenberg, Michael. "Space-Efficient Latent Contracts." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14805-8_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Efficient contract"

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Zhang, Zhiwei, Lu Qin, and Jeffrey Xu Yu. "Contract & Expand: I/O Efficient SCCs Computing." In 2014 IEEE 30th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde.2014.6816652.

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Zhang, Qing, Qiaoyan Wen, and Gengli Chen. "Efficient Fair Contract Signing Protocol from Bilinear Pairings." In 2008 International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isecs.2008.115.

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Bodkhe, Bhagyashree, and Pallavi Jain. "An efficient free fair contract signing protocol using OTPK." In 2013 Tenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks - (WOCN). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wocn.2013.6616226.

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Xu, Yibin, and Yangyu Huang. "Contract-connection:An efficient communication protocol for Distributed Ledger Technology." In 2019 IEEE 38th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipccc47392.2019.8958730.

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Aejas, Bajeela, and Abdelaziz Bouras. "Effective Smart Contracts for Supply Chain Contracts." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0160.

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Blockchain is in its way of revolutionizing different sectors with its decentralized peer-to-peer networking. Smart contracts are the piece of software that have written rules to be executed automatically to update the state of the block chain in a systematic way. One of the main use of Smart contract is in Supply Chain management. Supply Chain management deals with lot of legal contracts at a time. Contracts are agreements between two or more parties that define the duties and obligations for execution of any kind of activities. In this research, we are trying to automate the supply chain related contracts by identifying the important entities such as contract type, start date, end date etc., by using Natural Language Processing methods, then convert the contract to smart contract. This provides an efficient template for creation of smart contracts from natural language contracts and thereby offer best smart contract template for a given type of contract in Supply Chain.
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Wang, Yanhua, Heming Liu, Jianhua Wang, and Shunye Wang. "Efficient Data Interaction of Blockchain Smart Contract with Oracle Mechanism." In 2020 IEEE 9th Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference (ITAIC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itaic49862.2020.9338784.

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Meiraharyanti, Astri, Aulia S. Hidayatullah, and Novita Kusumasari. "Delivering an Effective and Efficient Contract Transfer in Manpower Contract Management to Maintain the Stability of Daily Operation." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/186290-ms.

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Jin, Baihong, Pierluigi Nuzzo, Mehdi Maasoumy, Yuxun Zhou, and Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. "A Contract-based Framework for Integrated Demand Response Management in Smart Grids." In BuildSys '15: The 2nd ACM International Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2821650.2821658.

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Liu, Peng, Yanjun Peng, and Tingting Fu. "Smart Contract-based Protocol for Efficient Project Scheduling in Industrial Internet." In 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-fall49728.2020.9348593.

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Saquib, Nazmus, Fatih Bakir, Chandra Krintz, and Rich Wolski. "A Resource-Efficient Smart Contract for Privacy Preserving Smart Home Systems." In 2021 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing & Communications, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/IOP/SCI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/swc50871.2021.00079.

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Reports on the topic "Efficient contract"

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Carvalho, Joana, and Gerardo Reyes-Tagle. Risk Matrix and PPP Contract Standardization, Best Practice, and Gap Analysis in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004213.

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Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been used to address the need for the implementation of huge investment programs and to bridge the infrastructure gap that exists in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. As is explained throughout this paper, under certain circumstances, PPPs represent an important tool to help governments implement their investment programs, thereby benefiting not only from private investment (which often includes foreign investment) but also from the various advantages that are typically associated with the PPP model. However, the need to secure financing for investment needs, especially in a situation of scarce public resources and fiscal constraints, should not be the only reason for choosing the PPP model. The objective of this paper is to highlight that the PPP model can be a valuable tool for undertaking public projects in an efficient and innovative manner and that it can provide more efficient and innovative public services in certain circumstances as well. In addition, when correctly used, it can generate public savings and create the fiscal space that LAC countries need to carry out their investments.
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Ribeiro, João A., Paulo J. Pereira, and Elísio M. Brandão. A real options model to determine the optimal contractual penalty for a BOT project. CICEE. Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26619/ual-cicee/wp06.2021.

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Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) became one of the most common types of public procurement arrangements and Build-Own-Transfer (BOT) projects, awarded through adequate bidding competitions, have been increasingly promoted by governments. The theoretical model herein proposed is based on a contractual framework where the government grants leeway to the private entity regarding the timing for project implementation. However, the government is aware that delaying the beginning of operations will lead to the emergence of social costs, i.e., the costs that result from the corresponding loss of social welfare. This fact should motivate the government to include a contractual penalty in case the private firm does not implement the project immediately. The government also recognizes that the private entity is more efficient in constructing the project facility and also in running the subsequent operations. The model’s outcome is the optimal value for the legal penalty the government should include in the contract form. Sensitivity analysis reveals that there is a level for each of the comparative efficiency factors above which there is no need to impose a contractual penalty, for a given level of social costs. Finally, the effects of including a non-optimal penalty value in the contract form, which derives from overestimating or underestimating the selected bidder’s real comparative efficiency are examined, using a numerical example. Results demonstrate that overestimating (underestimating) the selected bidder’s real comparative efficiency leads to the inclusion of a below-optimal (above-optimal) value for the legal penalty in the contract and produces effects the government should prevent by estimating the comparative efficiency factors with full accurac.
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Ryan, Nicholas. Contract Enforcement and Productive Efficiency: Evidence from the Bidding and Renegotiation of Power Contracts in India. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25547.

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Megersa, Kelbesa. Strengths and Weaknesses of Different Funding Types for CSOs. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.117.

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Donors and civil society organisations (CSOs) have a shared interest in having an effective way of funding CSO projects or programmes – as well as an efficient and transparent process for awarding grants. CSOs that are looking for development financing generally prefer less bureaucracy from donors, simpler rules, and a shorter wait between the date they apply for funding and when they actually obtain their contract and payment. Many CSOs also often emphasise the importance of fair, transparent procedures providing opportunities to a wide variety of CSOs via a suitable mix of funding modalities (Webb et al., 2020; CONCORDE, 2020; FCDO, 2022; Wieners, 2022; Verbrugge and Huyse, 2018).
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Finkelshtain, Israel, and Tigran Melkonyan. The economics of contracts in the US and Israel agricultures. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695590.bard.

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Research Objectives 1) Reviewing the rich economic literature on contracting and agricultural contracting; 2) Conducting a descriptive comparative study of actual contracting patterns in the U.S. and Israeli agricultural sectors; 3) Theoretical analysis of division of assets ownership, authority allocation and incentives in agricultural production contracts; 4) Theoretical analysis of strategic noncompetitive choice of agricultural production and marketing contracts, 5) Empirical studies of contracting in agricultural sectors of US and Israel, among them the broiler industry, the citrus industry and sugar beet sector. Background Recent decades have witnessed a world-wide increase in the use of agricultural contracts. In both the U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many crops, fruits, vegetables and livestock commodities. The increased use of agricultural contracts raises a number of important economic policy questions regarding the optimal design of contracts and their determinants. Even though economists have made a substantial progress in understanding these issues, the theory of contracts and an empirical methodology to analyze contracts are still evolving. Moreover, there is an enormous need for empirical research of contractual relationships. Conclusions In both U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many agricultural commodities. In the U.S. more than 40% of the value of agricultural production occurred under either marketing or production contracts. The use of agricultural contracts in Israel is also ubiquitous and reaches close to 60% of the value of agricultural production. In Israel we have found strategic considerations to play a dominant role in the choice of agricultural contracts and may lead to noncompetitive conduct and reduced welfare. In particular, the driving force, leading to consignment based contracts is the strategic effect. Moreover, an increase in the number of contractors will lead to changes in the terms of the contract, an increased competition and payment to farmers and economic surplus. We found that while large integrations lead to more efficient production, they also exploit local monopsonistic power. For the U.S, we have studied in more detail the choice of contract type and factors that affect contracts such as the level of informational asymmetry, the authority structure, and the available quality measurement technology. We have found that assets ownership and decision rights are complements of high-powered incentives. We have also found that the optimal allocation of decision rights, asset ownership and incentives is influenced by: variance of systemic and idiosyncratic shocks, importance (variance) of the parties’ private information, parameters of the production technology, the extent of competition in the upstream and downstream industries. Implications The primary implication of this project is that the use of agricultural production and marketing contracts is growing in both the US and Israeli agricultural sectors, while many important economic policy questions are still open and require further theoretical and empirical research. Moreover, actual contracts that are prevailing in various agricultural sectors seems to be less than optimal and, hence, additional efforts are required to transfer the huge academic know-how in this area to the practitioners. We also found evidence for exploitation of market powers by contactors in various agricultural sectors. This may call for government regulations in the anti-trust area. Another important implication of this project is that in addition to explicit contracts economic outcomes resulting from the interactions between growers and agricultural intermediaries depend on a number of other factors including allocation of decision and ownership rights and implicit contracting. We have developed models to study the interactions between explicit contracts, decision rights, ownership structure, and implicit contracts. These models have been applied to study contractual arrangements in California agriculture and the North American sugarbeet industry.
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Sutherland, R. J. Natural gas contracts in efficient portfolios. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10102429.

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Edlin, Aaron. Cadillac Contracts and Up-Front Payments: Efficient Investment Under Expectation Damages. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4915.

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Lang, Kevin. Why Was there Mandatory Retirement? or the Impossibility of Efficient Bonding Contracts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2199.

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Card, David. Efficient Contracts with Costly Adjustment: Short-RUn Employment Determination for Airline Mechanics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1931.

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Belongia, Michael T., and Richard G. Sheehan. The Efficient Markets Hypothesis and Weekly Money: Some Contrary Evidence. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.1985.004.

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