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Mushi, Richard. "Budgeting and public sector efficiency in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Bath, 1987. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365114.
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Chong, Kar M. "Resource allocation and efficiency in public sector audits." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1541.
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In recent years, the push for reform in the Australian public sector audit has placed the Office of the Auditor-General (hereafter OAG) in a more contestable or market- like environment, where the OAG is accountable for an efficient and effective provision of public sector audit. The purpose of this study is to compare the cost efficiency of in-house and contract-out arrangements to deliver financial audits in the public sector. It empirically tests whether there are audit cost and audit fee differences between in-house providers (i.e., the OAG) and contractors (i.e., public accounting firms). The secondary aims of this study are to develop audit cost and fee models for the public sector. The unit of analysis is audit cost/fee at the audit engagement level. The data for this study is collected for a sample of financial statement audit engagements for year-end 1998, at the state level in Western Australia. The data is extracted from publicly available and private sources. The audit cost and fee models are used to test for the cost differences between in- house providers and contractors. Prior audit production and audit fee studies in the private and public sectors provide the basis for the development of the two models. The results indicate that agency size, complexity and risk are positively associated with audit costs and audit fees. In addition, the total advice provided to the agencies by the OAG and agency type are also significantly associated with audit costs and audit fees. Overall, by incorporating these factors into the models, the audit cost model explains 82 percent of the variance in audit costs, while the audit fee model explains 86 percent of the variance in audit fees. More importantly, the main findings suggest that contract-out audits are more costly than in-house audits. However, this finding is conditional on agency type. Further analysis reveals that the type of audit arrangement is significantly associated with audit costs for the statutory authority audits only. There is no significant difference in audit costs between contract-out and in-house arrangement for hospital audits. This analysis shows that the statutory authority audits are driving the significance of the interaction between type of audit arrangement and agency type. Specifically, the costs of contract-out audits are, on average, significantly higher than in-house audits. This result is attributed to the contractor's lack of expertise in auditing statutory authority as there is no equivalent of this agency type in the private sector. As such, the OAG bas the greater advantage of delivering a lower audit cost for statutory authority audits compared to the contractors. However, the non-significant interaction term in the audit fee model suggests that cost differences between in-house and contract-out audits for the statutory authority audits are not reflected in audit fees billed to agencies. Further analyses, using audit hours as the dependent variable, generally corroborate the findings from the audit cost and audit fee models. Sensitivity analyses on the OAG's supervision costs reveal that these costs have a significant effect on the interpretation of the cost efficiency results. By excluding supervision costs from contract-out audits, there are significant changes in the results for the total sample and the two sub-samples (partitioned by agency type). Generally, these changes favour the contract-out audits for all groupings, where contract-out audits are now more cost efficient than in-house audits for hospitals, and not significantly different in costs for statutory authority audits. Additional tests to investigate the determinants of the GAG's supervision costs in contract-out audits reveal that agency size, risk, reliance on internal control, total advice provided by the OAG and packaged audits (a single contract for two or more audits) are significantly associated with the supervision costs of contract-out audits. The main contribution of this study is to add to the growing literature on audit market efficiency (see Dopuch, Gupta, Simunic & Stein, 2000; Knechel & Payne, forthcoming). It provides evidence on the production function of different type of suppliers in the public sector and their relative efficiency in providing audit services. This study contributes to the recent discussions on the changing nature of public sector audit market towards a market-based provision of public sector audits. The evidence from this study allows researchers and policy-makers to compare the two types of audit arrangement to undertake public sector audits. In pan, this study also contributes to the line of inquiry that examines the difference between government auditors and public accounting firms in US municipalities (Copley, 1989; Dwyer & Wilson, 1989; Rubin, 1992). The secondary contribution of this study is to develop and test the audit cost and fee models in the public sector and provide validity on the transferability of audit models from the private and public sectors. This study adds to the literature that examines the public sector audit market. More importantly, it is one of the few non-US studies that examine the public sector audit market and the findings from this study suggest that the public sector audit studies from the US are generalisable to Australia. These findings add to our understanding of the range of market conditions under which it is so far known to hold.
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Lompo, Aguima Aimé Bernard. "Financial development, tax revenue mobilization and public sector efficiency." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0056.
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Face aux défis fiscaux récents et à la nécessité croissante de fournir davantage de biens et services publics, notamment en réponse aux baisses de revenus subies par la population suite à la crise financière de 2008 et à la pandémie de COVID-19, cette thèse aborde de manière approfondie le rôle essentiel des facteurs financiers, tels que le développement financier, dans l'orientation de la politique budgétaire. Elle analyse les mécanismes par lesquels les pays développés et en développement peuvent efficacement allouer les ressources publiques pour le développement, en se basant sur des méthodes statistiques et économétriques, et elle propose des recommandations de politiques économiques pour les économies en développement.Dans le Chapitre 1, nous contribuons à la littérature sur l'efficience du secteur public en utilisant un vaste ensemble de données de 1990 à 2017. Nous calculons les scores d'efficience pour divers secteurs, révélant des corrélations positives avec la mondialisation, la productivité et la qualité institutionnelle. L'analyse Tobit montre des impacts constants à travers les économies, avec des recettes fiscales affectant négativement l'efficience dans les économies avancées. L'étude suggère de mettre l'accent sur les avantages de la mondialisation, de promouvoir la productivité et d'améliorer la qualité institutionnelle pour une gestion efficiente. Elle souligne l'importance de la gouvernance fiscale et propose des pistes de recherche futures sur les retombées de l'efficacité gouvernementale et sur l'impact des réformes fiscales. Nous examinons, dans le Chapitre 2, l'impact du développement financier dans l'amélioration de l'efficience du secteur public à l'échelle mondiale. Des scores d'efficience sont calculés pour 158 pays de 1990 à 2017, révélant un lien positif entre le développement financier et l'efficience des dépenses publiques. Les vérifications de robustesse confirment ces résultats et explorent les canaux par lesquels le développement financier influence l'efficience, en mettant en avant l'importance de la stabilité financière pour atténuer la volatilité fiscale. Les implications politiques recommandent des réformes structurelles pour favoriser le développement financier, offrant ainsi des opportunités d'amélioration sociale dans les pays en développement. Dans le Chapitre 3, nous explorons de manière approfondie l'impact du développement du secteur financier sur la mobilisation des recettes fiscales intérieures dans 49 pays en développement sur la période de 1995 à 2017. Nous mettons en évidence une relation positive, plus robuste, avec les recettes fiscales non liées aux ressources, particulièrement prononcée dans les pays à faible revenu avec une grande ouverture financière et une faible dette publique. L'analyse identifie l'influence significative de divers aspects du développement financier, tels que les marchés financiers, les institutions, la profondeur, l'accès et l'efficacité, sur la mobilisation fiscale. Les recommandations politiques insistent sur l'importance de combiner le développement financier avec des politiques fiscales ou monétaires saines, surtout dans les contextes ouverts et financièrement développés, pour maximiser son impact sur la mobilisation des recettes fiscales et le bien-être social global. Nous étudions dans le Chapitre 4, l'impact de l'accès aux marchés financiers sur l'instabilité des recettes fiscales dans les pays en développement en utilisant des données de 30 pays de 1996 à 2020. L'utilisation de l'estimateur GMM-système révèle une relation de causalité entre cette instabilité et la notation souveraine ainsi que les spreads obligataires. Les implications théoriques mettent en avant l'importance de l'accès aux marchés financiers pour atténuer cette volatilité des recettes fiscales, suggérant que des réformes favorisant le développement financier pourraient améliorer l'efficacité des politiques fiscales dans ces paysGiven the recent fiscal challenges and the growing need to provide more public goods and services, especially in response to income reductions following the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, this thesis thoroughly examines the crucial role of economic factors, such as financial development, in shaping fiscal policy. It utilizes statistical and econometric methods to analyze mechanisms through which developed and developing countries can efficiently allocate public resources for development and offers policy recommendations for developing economies. In Chapter 1, we contribute to the literature on public sector efficiency using a comprehensive dataset spanning from 1990 to 2017. We compute efficiency scores for various sectors, revealing positive correlations with globalization, productivity, and institutional quality. Tobit analysis shows consistent impacts across economies, with tax revenues negatively affecting efficiency in advanced economies. The study suggests emphasizing globalization benefits, promoting productivity, and enhancing institutional quality for efficient management. It underscores the importance of fiscal governance and proposes future research avenues on government efficiency and the impact of fiscal reforms. In Chapter 2, we investigate the impact of financial development on public sector efficiency globally. Efficiency scores are computed for 158 countries from 1990 to 2017, revealing a positive link between financial development and public expenditure efficiency. Robustness checks confirm these results and explore the channels through which financial development influences efficiency. We emphasize the importance of financial stability in mitigating fiscal volatility. Policy implications recommend structural reforms to promote financial development, offering opportunities for social improvement in developing countries. Chapter 3 delves deeply into the impact of financial sector development on domestic tax revenue mobilization in 49 developing countries from 1995 to 2017. We highlight a more robust positive relationship with non-resource tax revenues, particularly in low-income countries with high financial openness and low public debt. The analysis identifies the significant influence of various aspects of financial development on tax mobilization. Policy recommendations stress the importance of combining financial development with sound fiscal or monetary policies, especially in open and financially developed contexts, to maximize its impact on tax revenue mobilization and overall social welfare. In Chapter 4, we examine the impact of financial market access on tax revenue instability in developing countries using data from 30 countries from 1996 to 2020. Employing the GMM-system estimator reveals a causal relationship between this instability and sovereign rating and bond spreads. Theoretical implications highlight the importance of financial market access in mitigating tax revenue volatility, suggesting that reforms promoting financial development could enhance the effectiveness of fiscal policies in these countries
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Street, Andrew. "Issues in evaluating the efficiency of the public hospital sector." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273908.
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Ganley, Joseph A. "Relative efficiency measurement in the public sector with data envelopment analysis." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1989. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1520.
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Traditional efficiency measures have two significant drawbacks. Firstly, they fail to recognise that output is the result of all inputs operating in combination; thus output per head is a misleading indicator of intrinsic labour productivity. Secondly, they have often been defined in terms of average levels of performance in least squares production functions. In practice, average performance norms may institutionalise some level of inefficiency. The first of these problems may be overcome in a total-factor view of efficiency. This implies the extension of traditional ratio measures to include all inputs and outputs simultaneously. The second requires the comparison of performance with frontier possibilities. Both of these improvements are embodied in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Two applications of DEA are undertaken on U. K. public sector data. The first of these defines frontier efficiency in local education authorities (LEAs). It develops an 8 variable model with 3 outputs (based on exam pass rates) and 5 inputs. Four of the inputs are uncontrollable background variables allowing for differences in student catchment area; the fifth, teaching expenditure, is under LEA control and can be targeted. The results suggest that 44 authorities are best-practice and at the remainder spending per pupil could have been reduced by an average of 6.8%. These results are replicated on smaller clusters of LEAs to examine the sensitivity of DEA to the size of the performance comparison. The clustering procedure produces marked effects on targets, peer groups and the efficiency status of certain authorities. A second case study investigates the performance of a sample of 33 prisons with a high remand population. The model separately identifies the effects of remand prisoners on costs, and includes separate variables to reflect the levels of overcrowding and offences. In 1984/85 the combined budget of these prisons was overspent by 4.6% vis a vis best-practice costs. Using an alternative constant returns technology this overspend rises to 13.1%. Two aspects of DEA targets are explored. A model of Leibenstein's inert area suggests reasons for the persistence of inefficiency and hence that targets may be unattainable without coercion. Secondly, the literature has justified the recommendation of DEA targets in their being Pareto efficient. This interpretation is disputed and an alternative DEA-Dominance criterion is proposed as a more appropriate basis for targeting.
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Kazemi, Mina. "Assessing public spending efficiency in 20 OECD countries." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11711.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraBeing allocated a large share of a country's GDP to the public spending, would rise the question of whether these resources are distributed and allocated in an efficient manner that leads the country to go through the growth enhancing economic path or not. This study is mainly going to follow Afonso, Schuknecht, and Tanzi (2005), aiming to look at the public expenditure of 20 OECD countries for the period 2009-2013, from the perspective of efficiency and assess if these developed countries are performing efficiently compared to each other. In order to evaluate the efficiency scores, Public Sector Performance (PSP) and Public Sector Efficiency (PSE) indicators were constructed and Data Envelopment Analysis was conducted. The results of these analyses show that the only country that performed on the efficiency frontier is Switzerland. The average input-oriented efficiency score is equal to 0.732. That is, on average countries could have reduced the level of public expenditure by 26.8% and still achieved the same level of public performance. The average output-oriented efficiency score is 0.769 denoting that on average the sample countries could have increased their performance by 23.1% by employing the same level of public expenditure.
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George, Kelvin Michael. "Key Performance Indicators' Effects on Public Sector Infrastructure Project Efficiency in Grenada." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7474.
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Grenada is 1 of 15 developing countries in Caribbean Community known as CARICOM. The infrastructure capital projects in these developing countries are plagued with an array of issues: unethical practices, inadequate supervision, lack of transparency and accountability, inadequate monitoring and evaluation, cost overruns, and inefficiencies. In the 1980s and 1990s, the International Monitory Fund and World Bank introduced a balanced scorecard engineered under the structural adjustment program, but it was unable to improve infrastructure project efficiencies. This qualitative case study sought to understand the role of management key performance indicators (KPIs) on public sector infrastructure capital project efficiency on the island of Grenada. An institutional assessment and development framework and a classical management theoretical framework methodology were used to explore the effects of management KPIs on public sector infrastructure capital projects efficiencies in developing countries. The research incorporated a constructivist philosophy that underpins the evaluation and perception of the government, the National Water and Sewerage Authority (NAWASA), project teams, systems, and stakeholders. A purposive sampling strategy with elements of snowballing was used to obtain 12 representative participants for interviews, and a systematic approach of transcribing, coding, and thematic analysis was done. Findings indicate inadequacies in the BSC performance measure system on infrastructure projects, which justifies the use of comprehensive management KPIs. Positive social change implications of this study include recommendations for comprehensive management KPIs and policies to improve public sector infrastructure project efficiency in Grenada.
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Pedro, Beverley-Anne. "Improving efficiency in the public health sector by transferring selected best practices from the private health sector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4876.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this research report was to identify a set of strategic tools that can be transferred from the private health sector to the public health sector, to improve efficiency in the public health sector. To attain to this aim, this research report attempted to identify the selected best practices employed by successful private health providers, to determine the most effective modes to transfer these best practices, and to establish key success factors for the identified best practices. Interviews were conducted with opinion-leaders from the health industry in the Western Cape,and inputs gleaned from these individuals were useful in applying the strategic model to the public and private health sector in the Western Cape. Globally the public sector has already embarked on strategic management initiatives, through the implementation of the New Public Management-model. The introduction of NPM in a few selected countries aimed at achieving cost-efficiency, budget accountability and improved customer focus in service delivery. South Africa however still needs a unifying and all encompassing vision for public and development management to advance the ideals of Batho Pele. The use of evidence and the management of intellectual capital in the health care industry are recognised as important in decision-making. The health care trends of five selected countries (United Kingdom, United States of America, Greece, Canada, Slovakia) were researched , and demonstrated that countries face similar challenges (increasing resource demands, aging population, rapidly expanding technological possibilities, better-informed patients, rising expectations). It is recognised that business skills and knowledge, as well as investments in IT can be effective tools in moving an organisation from a reactive approach to a pro-active approach. Managers in the public sector need different competencies than managers in the private sector due to the differences between the two sectors, and thus there is a need to adapt management training. While there are examples of best practices in the South African government, there is still room for improvement. A stable political economy, political leadership, management skills of political office-bearers and the professionalism of civil servants will be decisive in this regard. The White Paper on the Transformation of the Public Service provides a framework for the development of strategies to promote continuous performance improvements in quantity, quality and equity of health service provision. The areas where improvements are necessary are customer and stakeholder satisfaction, processes, organisation results, leadership and people management. The comparison between the current strategic approach in the Western Cape and a model designed for the public sector revealed that some of the steps can be developed further, namely the assessment of the internal and external environments, the development of an effective implementation process, and the reassessment of the strategies and the strategic planning process. The comparison between the current strategic approach in the Western Cape and the global best practices framework established that there is not sufficient balance between the resource and position based views, the decision-making approach is "quite formal", implementation of strategy is not a carefully planned change management process, planning is regarded as the most important part of the strategic planning process, and evaluating strategy implementation involves more than mere financial measures. It was also established that the Western Cape Department of Health's strategic stance is offensive, that it can be regarded as a prospector, that managing multiple stakeholders is a challenge and that the competitive advantage of the department is its people. The industry analysis revealed that there is still a long way to go in terms of reliable information systems to support health services. The need for a strategic approach that can respond rapidly in a turbulent environment, and the re-look strategic processes to ensure delivery of quality health care through optimal use of resources were also established by the industry analysis. It was established that a gap exists in the public health sector in respect of the strategic planning processes, and that the private health sector portrays characteristics compatible with the global best practices framework. Modes for the successful transfer of best practices were explored, namely management consulting, commercialisation and management development. Two key success factors for the transfer of best practices were identified, namely the application of the Batho Pele principles, and the recruitment and retention of suitably qualified staff. From a global strategic management perspective, it was clear that there is a definite need for the public sector to change to private sector strategic approaches. A shift from a reactive to a pro-active approach is also advisable. The global trends in public health care demonstrate the importance of political leadership, competent management, business knowledge and skills, IT investment and the use of evidence in health. It is clear that the provision of public health care in South Africa faces similar challenges to those experienced by the five countries researched. The application of the global best practices framework confirmed that there are in fact best practices employed by the private sector that can be transferred to the public sector. Most of the best practices discussed in this research report are not employed in the public sector, or only on a limited scale. The use of these practices should be explored by the public sector. In order to equip managers in the public sector with the necessary strategic management tools, training and development opportunities must include modules on strategic management.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsingsverslag was om 'n stel strategiese benaderings te identifiseer wat van die privaat-gesondheidsektor na die openbare gesondheidsektor oorgedra kan word, om effektiwiteit in die publieke gesondheidsektor te verbeter. Ten einde hierdie doel te bereik, was daar gepoog om geselekteerde beste praktyke wat deur die privaat gesondheidsektor gebruik word te identifiseer, om te bepaal wat die mees effektiewe metodes sou wees om dit oor te dra, en om kritiese suksesfaktore vir die bepaalde beste praktyke te identifiseer. Onderhoude is gevoer met prominente leiers in die gesondheids-industrie in die Wes-Kaap, en hierdie insette was waardevol in die toepassing van die strategiese model op die publieke en privaat-gesondheidsektor in die Wes-Kaap. Op die internasionale front het die publieke sektor reeds strategiese bestuurs-inisiatiewe begin toepas, deur die implementering van die NPM-model. Die implementering van NPM in 'n paar geselekteerde lande was gemik op koste-effektiwiteit, begrotingsverantwoordbaarheid en verbeterde fokus op kliente in dienslewering. Suid Afrika het egter steeds die behoefte aan 'n oorkoepelende, verenigende visie vir publieke- en bestuursontwikkeling om uitvoering te gee aan die ideale van Batho Pele. Die gebruik van uitkomste en die bestuur van intellektuele kapitaal in die gesondheidsindustrie word erken as belangrik vir besluitneming. Die neigings in gesondheidsorg van vyf gekose lande (Verenigde Koninkryke, Verenigde State van Amerika, Griekeland, Kanada en Siovakye) toon dat die uitdagings vir gesondheid ooreenstem (verhoogde vraag na hulpbronne, verouderende bevolking, vinnige ontwikkeling van tegnologie, beter ingeligte pasiente, hoër verwagtinge). Dit word aanvaar dat besigheidsvaardighede en -kennis, sowel as beleggings in inligtingstegnologie effektief aangewend kan word om 'n organisasie van 'n reaktiewe tot 'n pro-aktiewe benadering te beweeg. Bestuurders in die publieke sektor benodig vaardighede wat verskil van bestuurders in die privaatsektor weens verskille tussen die twee sektore; daar is dus 'n behoefte om bestuursopleiding aan te pas. Daar is wel voorbeelde van beste praktyke in die Suid-Afrikaanse regering, maar daar is steeds ruimte vir verbetering. 'n Stabiele politieke ekonomie, politieke leierskap, bestuursvaardighede van politieke ampsdraers en die professionaliteit van staatsamptenare sal deurslaggewend wees in hierdie verband. Die Wit Skrif oor Transformasie van die Openbare Sektor verskaf 'n raamwerk vir die ontwikkeling van strategiee om voortgesette verbeteringe in hoeveelheid, kwaliteit, en gelykheid in die voorsiening van gesondheidsorg te bevorder. Areas vir verbetering sluit in kliente en belanghebbende tevredenheid, prosesse, organisatoriese uitslae, leierskap en bestuur van mense. Die vergelyking van die huidige strategiese benadering in die Wes-Kaap met 'n model wat ontwikkel is vir die publieke sektor toon dat sommige van die stappe verder ontwikkel kan word, naamlik die evaluering van die interne en eksterne omgewing, die ontwikkeling van effektiewe implementeringsprosesse, en die herevaluering van die strategiee en die strategiese beplanningsprooes. Die vergelyking van die huidige strategiese benadering in die Wes-Kaap met die globale beste praktyke raamwerk toon dat daar nie genoeg balans is tussen die posisie- en hulpbrongebaseerde stand nie, dat besluitneming "nogal formeel" is, dat implementering van strategie nie 'n sorgvuldig beplande veranderingsbestuursproses is nie, en dat evaluering van implementering meer behels as slegs finansiele maatstawwe. Dit het ook aan die lig gekom dat die Wes-Kaap departement van gesondheid 'n offensiewe stand het, dat dit as 'n prospektor beskou kan word, en dat die bestuur van veelvuldige belangehebbendes 'n uitdaging is. Die analise van die industrie het getoon dat daar nog baie gedoen kan word in terme van betroubare inligtingstelsels om gesondheidsdienste te ondersteun. Die behoefte aan 'n strategiese benadering om vinnig te reageer in 'n turbulente omgewing, en die her-evaluering van strategiese prosesse om die lewering van kwaliteit gesondheidsdienste deur die optimale gebruik van hulpbronne te verseker, is ook bevind in die analise. Daar is ook bevind dat daar 'n gaping in die publieke gesondheidsektor is wat die strategiese beplanningsproses betref, en dat die privaat-gesondheidsektor kenmerke openbaar wat verenigbaar is met die globale beste praktyke raamwerk. Metodes vir die suksesvolle oordrag van beste praktyke, naamlik bestuurskonsultasie, kommersialisasie en bestuursontwikkeling word beskryf. Twee sleutelsuksesfaktore vir die oordrag van beste praktyke, naamlik die toepassing van die Batho Pele beginsels, en die werwing en behoud van toepaslik gekwalifiseerde personeel is identifiseer. Uit 'n globale strategiese bestuursperspektief was dit duidelik dat daar definitief 'n behoefte is vir die publieke sektor om privaatsektor strategiese benaderings aan te neem. 'n Beweging van 'n reaktiewe tot 'n pro-aktiewe benadering is beslis aan te beveel. Die globale neigings in publieke gesondheidsorg demonstreer die belangrikheid van politieke leierskap, bevoegde bestuur, besigheidskennis en -vaardighede, beleggings in inligtingstegnologie en die gebruik van uitkoms-gebaseerde bewyse. Dit is duidelik dat die voorsiening van publieke gesondheidsorg in Suid-Afrika ooreenstemmende uitdagings het met die vyf lande wat ondersoek is. Die toepassing van die globale beste praktyke raamwerk het bevestig dat daar wel beste praktyke gebruik word deur die privaatsektor, wat oorgedra kan word na die publieke sektor. Meeste van die beste praktyke hier bespreek word nie deur die publieke sektor gebruik nie, of slegs op 'n beperkte basis. Die gebruik van hierdie praktyke moet ondersoek word deur die publieke sektor. Om bestuurders in die publieke sektor toe te rus met die nodige strategiese bestuursvaardighede, moet opleidings- en ontwikkelingsgeleenthede modules insluit oor strategiese bestuur.
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Pritchett, Andrieta G. "Shared Service Center Strategies in Public Sector." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5119.
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With the increased demand for doing more with less, public sector managers embrace outsourcing back-office functions through a shared service model; however, maintaining service quality for public sector shared service centers (SSC) in financial management during peak cycles is a challenge. Framed with the transaction cost economy theory, the purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies used by SSC managers in a public sector company to maintain service quality. Seven participants with more than 4 years of SSC experience in public-sector companies participated in phone interviews including SSC department heads, managers, and a supervisor of a public-sector company in Mississippi who implemented strategies to successfully maintain service quality in the SSC relationship. Through method triangulation, a review of service level agreements and key performance indicators supplemented open-ended semistructured interviews. The research findings included emergent themes of training and documentation, employee engagement, control and communication, efficiency and automation, and standardization and metrics. The SSC strategies in training and documentation, control and communication, and employee engagement were fundamental for maintaining service quality in SSC relationship. Study findings may help public sector SSC managers understand how to incorporate and implement successful strategies in financial management divisions to maintain service quality. Positive social change includes identifying methods to increased efficiency and service quality in a financial management division. Society could benefit from improvements in employee work-life balance, reduced turnover, and increases in the economic well-being of community residents.
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Kurnia, Akhmad Syakir. "Public sector efficiency of decentralized local government in Indonesia : a political and institutional analysis." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2579.
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This thesis investigates public sector efficiency (PSE) of decentralized local governments in Indonesia. Based on the literature review improved efficiency is considered as the main outcome expected from a decentralized system of public service provision. Hence analysing public sector efficiency provides the de facto measure of the ability of decentralized local government in internalizing the benefits of fiscal and political decentralization. In order to identify the significance of the effect of 2004 electoral contest, the first democratic election in the decentralized Indonesia, efficiency in the public sector is investigated in a period from 2005 to 2008. The 2004 electoral contest is considered as an important phase of democratization and decentralization in Indonesia as it was the first election where voters directly chose leaders at every level of government. Political and institutional features which emerged as a result of the 2004 election were expected to have an impact on a decentralized system of public service provision.This thesis employs a two-stage method. In the first stage, non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to generate the efficiency scores of all local governments. Several outcome indicators in the education and health sectors, infrastructure, poverty mitigation as well as macroeconomic performance are taken as a measure of the flow of services that arise from public spending. Hence, public sector efficiency is defined as the flow of services per unit expenditure.The second stage of the method aims to investigate public sector efficiency against non-discretionary variables involving a measure of fiscal decentralization, political and institutional variables, as well as total factor productivity growth as a control variable. In order to do so, this thesis employs an econometric analysis using fixed effect vector decomposition (FEVD). The FEVD is adopted as the political and institutional variables are characterised as time-invariant variables.In the first stage of the method, the DEA estimate reveals that public sector efficiency scores vary across local governments, corroborating the general pattern of the regional disparity in Indonesia. That is, poorly developed regions have relatively inefficient governments. The DEA calculation locates local governments on Java Island at the frontier indicating that these local governments are benchmarking others. On the other hand, Papua and Papua Barat emerge with the lowest efficiency score over the observation period with a large divergence from the frontier. The results also show that the average and the median efficiency scores are drifting downwards, while the distance from the lowest score to the frontier is increasing. This indicates that the regional disparity in the public sector efficiency was increasing over the observation period.The second stage of the method reveals that the ability of a decentralized local government to generate local own-revenue is significant in improving public sector efficiency. The estimation results show that the degree of fiscal decentralization as measured by the ratio of local own-revenue to total public spending has a significant positive impact on the PSE. However, given that the growth of total factor productivity also has a significant and positive impact on the PSE, the result should be seen as a caution that improved PSE might result from overall total productivity in the economy. A local jurisdiction that has higher total factor productivity will present greater public sector efficiency regardless the degree of fiscal decentralization.The second stage estimate also reveals that the formation of the new government as an outcome of the first electoral democracy in the decentralized Indonesia has nothing to do with the PSE improvement. The lost hegemony of Golkar in the decentralized democratized Indonesia, measured as the ratio of seats held by Golkar to total seats in the local assembly, does not show any significant impact on the PSE. The first electoral democracy might have resulted in a new democratic government in Indonesia; however, the new democratic government might be merely a continuation of an old structure with new rules on the limits of democratization. Accordingly, the new democratic government did not impact on improved efficiency in the public sector.Another significant feature of the formation of the new government in the decentralized democratized Indonesia is the rebirth of politik aliran (political parties rooted to a particular socio-ideology). Politik aliran is represented by Islamic based political parties. These parties held a significant number of seats in the legislative councils. The estimation results reveal a negative association between political Islam and PSE, even when PKB (Nation Awakening Party) and PAN (National Mandatory Party) are included in the measure. Both parties do not set Islam as their platform, but affiliate to NU (Nahdlatul Ulama) and Muhammdiyah, the two largest socio-religious organizations in Indonesia. The result may also stand as a confirmation that patron-client affiliation in Indonesia’s electoral democracy fails to leverage accountability and hence fails to result in improved PSE.The second stage estimate finds evidence that democratic participation did not have an impact on the PSE. This contradicts the general representation claiming that greater democratic participation is associated with better economic performance. The estimates reveal a negative impact of democratic participation on the PSE. In the setting of politik aliran, the coefficient estimate is statistically significant. It implies that while political Islam may have increased electoral participation, the participation has nothing to do with improved PSE. This may not be surprising in the case of electoral democracy in Indonesia where electoral participation is characterised by money politics, patron-client political relationship and unbalanced electoral participation.Many parties flourish in the decentralized democratized Indonesia escalating political fragmentation. Using a Herfindahl-Hirschman index as a measure of the size-political fragmentation this study finds evidence that while citizens may have more options to select parties/politicians to best represent their preferences, higher political fragmentation shows ambiguous impact on PSE.The quality of institutional governance and its impact on PSE is represented by a corruption perception index and an infrastructure perception index. The estimation results reveal evidence that public sector efficiency is positively associated with the infrastructure perception index, but fail to find evidence of an effect for the corruption perception index. This indicates that the outcome of decentralization is not contingent with a perception about corruption as it is prevalent in the decentralized Indonesia. It occurs almost in all levels of government and institutions. Thus if decentralization results in improved efficiency, it is not due to a corruption lessening but rather due to variations in the level of infrastructure.
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Tsheboeng, David. "An analysis and evaluation of the public sector procurement of building contractors in Botswana." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27575.
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The objective of this study is to analyse and evaluate the current system of procuring Building Contractors for public sector building projects in Botswana. The study further seeks to find strategies to recommend for improving the current system of procurement. The analysis and evaluation is carried out by first dividing the main problem into sub-problems. The sub-problems help to form the questions for the interviews and the questionnaire. Chapter one introduces the reader to the main problem and defines the scope of the problem and the delimitations. The second Chapter is a review of the related literature and a brief outline of the procurement process and the relevant legislation. The analysis and evaluation of the information and data collected is carried out in Chapter three. This is a very important Chapter since it addresses the questions raised by the main problem and the sub-problems and states the extent to which the hypotheses are affirmed or not affirmed. Chapter four is dedicated to the recommendations and strategies for improving the procurement system. The last Chapter summarises the main findings and outlines and recommends areas for further study. This treatise comprises some important findings and can form a useful initiative towards developing strategies for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the public sector system of procuring building Contractors in Botswana.Thesis (MSc (Project Management))--University of Pretoria, 2004.
Construction Economics
unrestricted
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Ejeh, Patrick Ogholuwarami. "An investigation into improving efficiency and effectiveness in the Nigerian public sector through Knowledge Management." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2017. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/8557/.
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As public sector organisations face increasing pressure to innovate, sustain service delivery and improve performance, Knowledge Management (KM) practice is found to be instrumental and potentially useful for dealing with problem that are unstructured, lack one-off solutions and requires managers to create, share and use knowledge across government Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and citizen groups. In light of the above, this study explores knowledge management as an organisational strategy and focus on how public sector in developing countries, especially in Nigerian can adopt knowledge management practice for performance efficiency and effectiveness improvement. Due to the nature of the research, interpretivist research paradigm and a case study design was employed with a mixed of quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Three empirical studies were conducted with the Delta State (case organisational) public service in Nigeria. Questionnaires were distributed to 100 employee of the Delta State public service. In addition, semi-structured interview, focus group discussion were conducted with senior employee of the sector, documentary analysis and diary were employed to explore employee perception on the issue of efficiency and effectiveness, knowledge audit and sources (starting point) of inefficiency and ineffectiveness in the Nigerian public sector. The resulting data is analysed at descriptive, exploratory and explanatory level using Content Analysis, Hierarchical Task Analysis, Swim-Lane Sequence Diagram as well as Frequency Count, Percentages and Product Correlation Coefficient. Results adequately identify inefficiency and ineffectiveness, huge gaps and obsolete knowledge within task process and inefficiency and ineffectiveness is introduced even before tasks are carried out. Theoretically, the study significantly contributes to public sector knowledge management as the developed framework (Strat-KM) provides context for the field of KM as well as providing strategy for the implementation of KM as a direct response to addressing inefficiency and ineffectiveness of service delivery in Nigeria and other related organisations.
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Jensen, Paul H. Australian Graduate School of Management Australian School of Business UNSW. "The impact of incentives, uncertainty and transaction costs on the efficiency of public sector outsourcing contracts." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Australian Graduate School of Management, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20506.
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Since the late 1970s, the world has experienced a wave of microeconomic reform that has resulted in the privatisation of many previously State-owned assets, as well as other reforms directed at improving the efficiency of government business enterprises. This dissertation focuses on one important instrument of reform: outsourcing of public-sector service provision. Despite the prevalence of outsourcing, there has been relatively little empirical work analysing the effects of outsourcing at the contract level. This dissertation addresses three important empirical issues related to outsourcing. First, analysis of the magnitude and sources of cost savings associated with outsourcing was undertaken using a present value costing framework. Unlike other studies, this study includes transaction costs and considers how costs change over the life of the contract. The results indicate that savings of 37 per cent were achieved in the first year of contract operation ?savings that were achieved through a combination of reductions in pay and conditions, labour-saving technological change and reductions in inefficiency. Secondly, the dissertation considered why the level of savings achieved fell to 24 per cent following contract variations at the end of year 1. Some evidence indicated that this may have been due to opportunistic behaviour or hold-up: that the contract service provider may have taken advantage of contractual incompleteness and increased its price during the course of contract renegotiations. Although hold-up is an important theme in the literature on contracts, little empirical work has been undertaken in verifying its existence. Thirdly, the impact of contract design on the efficiency of outsourcing arrangements was analysed. It is well known that contract theory predicts a trade-off between incentives and risk. Using the standard principal-agent framework, a simple model is developed to analyse the effects of demand uncertainty on the risk-incentive trade-off. This model is then tested using data from maintenance services contracts at two corporatised water retailers in Melbourne: an environment that is characterised by high levels of both cost and demand uncertainty. Using a general linear regression model, the results obtained indicate that the moral hazard effect dominated the risk premium effect.
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Дехтяр, Надія Анатоліївна, Надежда Анатольевна Дехтярь, Nadiia Anatoliivna Dekhtiar, Ольга Валеріївна Дейнека, Ольга Валерьевна Дейнека, Olha Valeriivna Deineka, and І. М. Боярко. "Соціально-економічна ефективність суб’єктів державного сектора: сутність та значення." Thesis, Центр економічних досліджень та розвитку, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63338.
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Bester, Albertus Viljoen. "Efficiency in the public sector : an analysis of performance measurements employed by the Western Cape Provincial Treasury." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/338.
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Pradhan, Nandita. "Effects of economic refroms on X- efficiency of India`s public sector banks : an econometric frontier approach." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2661.
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Nováček, Daniel. "Efektivnost a rozšířenost projektů PPP ve vybraných zemích EU jako alternativy k financování projektů z veřejných rozpočtů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206068.
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This paper is dealing with Public Private Partnership (PPP) as the alternative to the classical public procurement. It describes and compares advantages and disadvantages of this approach and explore legislative and institutional setting in chosen countries of EU to comparison. The main focus of the work concerns the comparison of the development of this concept and its current state of use in those countries. The emphasis was on finding a correlation between the number and volume of PPP projects and the state of national economies in the years 2006-2015, especially in the immediate period of the recent financial crisis, when could be expected increased attractiveness of the concept for political representation. On the specific case is explored its economic efficiency and legitimacy.
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Dyballa, Katharina [Verfasser], Kornelius [Akademischer Betreuer] Kraft, and Philip [Gutachter] Jung. "Corporate governance in the private and public sector : Empirical studies on the determination of managerial incentives in the private sector and efficiency and quality in the public sector / Katharina Dyballa ; Gutachter: Philip Jung ; Betreuer: Kornelius Kraft." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149920440/34.
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Nguyen, Thi Thuy Trang. "Essays on public sector management: An international study on tax administration." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671381.
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Aquesta dissertació s’ha abordat i emmarcat per tenir en compte la perspectiva del rendiment de l’administració pública i presenta els resultats de les meves investigacions sobre qüestions relacionades amb l’AT des de diferents dimensions, en diversos països i durant molts anys. Cobreix tres capítols corresponents a tres articles empírics. El primer capítol tracta de mesurar el rendiment de l’AT a 44 països (32 països de l’OCDE i 12 països que no pertanyen a l’OCDE), tot considerant la presència de variables contextuals. Utilitzant els estimadors de frontera desenvolupats i avançats recentment, com ara l’enfocament StoNED semi-no paramètric (embolcall de dades no paramètric estocàstic) de Johnson i Kuosmanen (2011, 2012) i l’enfocament d’ordre condicional m (Daraio i Simar, 2005, 2007), l’estudi es va dur a terme amb dades comparatives, extretes de la base de dades recent sobre TA, la base de dades TA de l’OCDE, versions 2013, 2015 i 2017 durant dos períodes entre 2008-2011 i 2012-2015. El segon capítol observa la competitivitat fiscal en la seva dimensió de complexitat fiscal, abastant 88 països en períodes temporals (2005-2016) i utilitzant el mètode fronterer no paramètric de dades del panell, és a dir, el model d’anàlisi d’embolcall de dades sense sortida explícita (d’ara endavant, dades del panell DEA-WEO ). Es va dur a terme una visió exhaustiva de la simplificació fiscal mesurant l’eficiència tant de l’anàlisi contemporània com a la llarga (Surroca et al., 2016; Pérez-López et al., 2018), que permet produir un rànquing (Toloo i Kresta, 2014), i examinar el canvi de productivitat d’aquests sistemes tributaris amb l’índex de Malmquist (Karagiannis i Lovell, 2016). Per continuar, el tercer capítol, que adopta un enfocament institucional, aborda els determinants de la complexitat tributària posant l’accent en l’impacte de la qualitat de l’entorn institucional, emprant l’estimador del mètode generalitzat de moments (sistema-GMM) del sistema de panells (Arellano i Bover, 1995; Blundell i Bond, 1998).
Prenent una combinació de mètodes alternatius (incloent paramètrics i no paramètrics), tècniques innovadores i múltiples especificacions, aquesta dissertació contribueix generalment a la literatura de l’administració pública com el primer estudi empíric quantitatiu i un dels pocs projectes que aborden l’AT a nivell nacional múltiples disciplines, és a dir, gestió del sector públic, fiscalitat i anàlisi d’eficiència. És el primer intent en el camp per destacar (i) l’avaluació del rendiment de l’AT, adquirida simultàniament a partir de les opinions tant del cost administratiu com del nivell d’aplicació per a l’AT òptima, tal com es troba a Keen i Slemrod (2017), (ii) l’aplicació de la mesura del rendiment fiscal amb mètode fronterer no paramètric en el context de la producció implícita, i (iii) la investigació de determinacions institucionals de complexitat fiscal, posant èmfasi en la llibertat econòmica i de governança amb una combinació de mètodes paramètrics i no paramètrics.Esta disertación se ha abordado y enmarcado para tener en cuenta la perspectiva del desempeño de la administración pública, y presenta los resultados de mis investigaciones sobre cuestiones relacionadas con la asistencia técnica desde diferentes dimensiones, en varios países y durante muchos años. Cubre tres capítulos correspondientes a tres artículos empíricos. El primer capítulo busca medir el desempeño de la AT en 44 países (32 países de la OCDE y 12 países no OCDE), considerando la presencia de variables contextuales. Utilizando los estimadores de frontera avanzados y desarrollados recientemente, como el enfoque semiparamétrico StoNED (Stochastic Nonparametric Envelopment of Data) de Johnson y Kuosmanen (2011, 2012) y el enfoque de orden condicional-m (Daraio y Simar, 2005, 2007), El estudio se realizó con datos comparativos, extraídos de la base de datos reciente sobre AT, la base de datos de AT de la OCDE, versiones 2013, 2015 y 2017 para dos períodos entre 2008-2011 y 2012-2015. El segundo capítulo observa la competitividad tributaria en su dimensión de complejidad tributaria, al cubrir 88 países en un período de tiempo (2005-2016) y utilizando el método de frontera no paramétrica de datos de panel, es decir, el modelo de análisis envolvente de datos sin salida explícita (en adelante, datos de panel DEA-WEO ). Se realizó una mirada exhaustiva sobre la simplificación tributaria midiendo la eficiencia tanto en análisis contemporáneos como de largo plazo (Surroca et al., 2016; Pérez-López et al., 2018), lo que permite producir un ranking (Toloo y Kresta, 2014), y examinar el cambio de productividad de estos sistemas tributarios con el índice de Malmquist (Karagiannis y Lovell, 2016). Para continuar, el tercer capítulo, con un enfoque institucional, aborda los determinantes de la complejidad tributaria haciendo hincapié en el impacto de la calidad del entorno institucional, empleando el estimador del método generalizado de momentos del sistema de panel (system-GMM) (Arellano y Bover, 1995; Blundell y Bond, 1998). Tomando una combinación de métodos alternativos (incluidos paramétricos y no paramétricos), técnicas innovadoras y múltiples especificaciones, esta disertación generalmente contribuye a la literatura de administración pública como el primer estudio empírico cuantitativo y uno de los pocos proyectos que abordan la AT a nivel internacional desde múltiples disciplinas, es decir, gestión del sector público, fiscalidad y análisis de la eficiencia. Es el primer intento en el campo de resaltar (i) la evaluación del desempeño de la AT, adquirida simultáneamente de las opiniones tanto del costo administrativo como del nivel de ejecución para una AT óptima, como se encuentra en Keen y Slemrod (2017), (ii) la aplicación de la medida del desempeño tributario con el método de frontera no paramétrico en el contexto del producto implícito, y (iii) la investigación de las determinaciones institucionales de la complejidad tributaria, enfatizando la gobernabilidad y la libertad económica con una combinación de métodos paramétricos y no paramétricos.
This Dissertation has been approached and framed to account for public administration performance perspective, and presents the results of my investigations into Tax administration (TA)-related issues from different dimensions, across multiple countries and many years. It covers three chapters corresponding to three empirical papers. The first chapter seeks to measure the performance of TA across 44 countries (32 OECD and 12 non-OECD countries), while considering the presence of contextual variables. Using the recently developed and advanced frontier estimators, such as the semi-nonparametric StoNED (Stochastic Nonparametric Envelopment of Data) approach by Johnson and Kuosmanen (2011, 2012) and the conditional order-m (Daraio and Simar, 2005, 2007) approach, the study was conducted with comparative data, extracted from the recent database on TA, the OECD TA database, versions 2013, 2015 and 2017 for two periods between 2008-2011 and 2012-2015. The second chapter observes the tax competitiveness in its tax complexity dimension, by covering 88 countries over timespan (2005-2016) and using the panel data nonparametric frontier method, i.e. the data envelopment analysis model without explicit output (hereafter, panel data DEA-WEO). A thorough view on tax simplification was conducted by measuring the efficiency both contemporaneous and long-run analysis (Surroca et al., 2016; Pérez-López et al., 2018), which allows producing a ranking (Toloo and Kresta, 2014), and examining the productivity change of these tax systems with Malmquist index (Karagiannis and Lovell, 2016). To be continued, the third chapter, taking an institutional approach, addresses the determinants of tax complexity stressing the impact of institutional environment quality, employing the panel system generalised method of moments (system-GMM) estimator (Arellano and Bover, 1995; Blundell and Bond, 1998). Taking a combination of alternative (including parametric and nonparametric) methods, innovative techniques and multiple specifications, this Dissertation generally contributes to public administration literature as the first quantitative empirical study and one among only a few projects that address TA at a cross-country level from multiple disciplines, i.e. public sector management, taxation, and efficiency analysis. It is the first attempt in the field to highlight (i) the performance evaluation of TA, acquired simultaneously from the views of both administrative cost and enforcement level for optimal TA, as found in Keen and Slemrod (2017), (ii) the application of tax performance measure with nonparametric frontier method in the context of implicit output, and (iii) the investigation of institutional determinations of tax complexity, emphasising the governance and economic freedom with a combination of parametric and nonparametric methods.
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Coster, Coenraad Jorke, and Wijk Sjoerd Van. "Lean project management : An exploratory research into lean project management in the Swedish public and private sector." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108020.
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This study looks at the differences in lean project management between projects done in the public sector and projects done in the private sector. The private sector consist of companies around Sweden, while municipalities are representing the public sector in this study. This study is based on the understanding that the lean philosophy can have advantages for the efficiency of project management, both for the private and the public sector, knowing that there are differences in the nature of these organizations. This thesis begins with an introduction that explains the theory that is important for this research, and that describes the research gap that has been found. The research gap is the basis for the research questions. After defining the research questions, an examination has been done on existing literature about the concepts of lean, project management, project managers, and lean project management. Prior research gives ideas about the challenges project managers encounter, and shows in what way lean can influence the efficiency of projects. As part of this qualitative research, and with an inductive approach, 12 semi-structured interviews have been conducted. During this interviews, project managers and persons with a connection to projects in the different organization were asked to describe projects in their organizations. This study is exploratory and has a cross-sectional design as the center of attention was on different organizations from both the private and the public sector in different parts of Sweden. In the analysis the results of the interviews are categorized and interpreted. The results show that projects are used in every organization, making use of, in almost every case, a project model which makes sure that different projects are run in similar ways. Although different organizations make use of the principles of lean, no organization is implementing the ideas completely. Major differences that have been found are differences in the background of the project manager, the level of standardization of projects, and differences in efficiency that in many situations are caused by legislation. It became clear that projects in the private sector are organized in a stricter way, with experienced project managers that follow project models strictly. In the public sector projects are mostly led by project managers that are interested in a certain project, and in those organizations project models are not followed strictly. As for lean projects, we have found no real evidence that any organization is currently having projects organized according to the lean principles. This can be expected however, seeing that lean project management is a generally unexplored part of the lean philosophy.
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Silva, Jorge Luis Terra da. "O princípio da eficiência como fator transformador." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13151.
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O presente estudo tem por objeto o princípio da eficiência, concebendo-o como critério para a atuação administrativa voltada ao atingimento dos Objetivos Fundamentais da República brasileira. Tendo-se por meta a operacionalidade do princípio, são apresentados os conceitos de eficiência colhidos nas doutrinas econômica e jurídica. Além disso, são deduzidos os fundamentos da eficiência. Como questões atinentes à aplicabilidade do dever de eficiência são tratadas a participação popular, a atuação administrativa impessoal, a improbidade administrativa e a eficácia do princípio em comento. A eficiência também é abordada como fruto da ação discricionária e como limite dessa ação. Partindo-se do pressuposto de que a eficiência pode colaborar para a melhora da ciência jurídica e da Administração Pública brasileiras, discorre-se sobre os passos para se realizar uma atuação administrativa eficiente com esteio no texto constitucional, no Direito e na ciência da Administração, perpassando-se por alguns métodos empregados nos setores público e privado e se chegando a um caso concernente a um serviço público de cobrança judicial.The present study introduces the efficiency approach as an element in to the management scenario, attainable by the Fundamental Objectives of the Brazilian Republic. The main operational aims of the efficiency approach are here presented in addition to the efficiency concepts, obtained on both economic and juridical doctrines. Also, the fundaments of efficiency are presented. As attained matters of the applicability of efficiency duty, popular participation, impersonal management activities, administrative improbability and effectiveness of the efficiency approach are analyzed. Efficiency is also part of discretionary activities and as limit of this action. Using as background the fact that efficiency can put to better use judicial science and the Brazilian Public Management, the present study discourses about the steps that leads to an effective management activity based on the Constitutional Transcripts. The study comprehends some of the methods employed in public and private sectors, achieving a concerning case to a public service of judicial encashment.
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Nieswand, Maria [Verfasser], and Christian von [Akademischer Betreuer] Hirschhausen. "Efficiency Analysis in Public Service Provision: Addressing Characteristics and Specificities Related to the Public Sector and Regulation / Maria Nieswand. Betreuer: Christian von Hirschhausen." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027184235/34.
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Ko, Wan-yee. "Would partnering foster efficiency, productivity and quality in the delivery of landslip preventive measures programme? a perspective of dispute handling /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21844203a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006."Master of Art in arbitration and dispute resolution, LW6409-dissertation" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 22, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Ibraheem, Amr Ameen Alee. "The economic and social efficiency of the Egyptian vehicles industry and some of its selected public sector auxiliary units." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276735.
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Findlay, John Anthony. "A conceptual framework for efficiency auditing and an evaluation of public sector practice in Queensland : a case study approach." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36264/1/36264_Findlay_1994.pdf.
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The obJecuve or this research is to develop a conceptual framework for efficiency
auditing and to use this framework to assess practice in the Queensland public sector.
The primary research tool utilised is the case study.
An expectation of increased accountability has given rise to efficiency auditing in the
public sector. Efficiency auditing is now viewed as a complementary measure to
financial audit in the pursuit of financial accountability. In addition,
efficiency auditing plays an important role in the measurement of performance.
Two research questions were formulated to guide the conduct of case studies. The
results obtained from these studies suggest that practitioners are conducting efficiency
audits using a similar methodology to that used for financial audits and that
the proposed conceptual framework is indicative of actual practice. Results also
suggest that participants are relying heavily on standards and statements of auditing
practice issued by the Australian Accounting Research Foundation.
The results of the study imply that future standards and statements issued by the
Foundation may alter the approach of practitioners to efficiency audits.
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Wilson, Charles. "Understanding and influencing energy efficient renovation decisions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2388.
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This thesis is an investigation of why and how homeowners decide to renovate their homes. Energy efficient renovations are of particular interest given their potential contribution to public policy goals including greenhouse gas emission reduction. Policies seeking to improve energy efficiency in existing homes have to influence homeowners’ decisions. This requires a psychologically and behaviourally realistic understanding of the renovation decision process. Different research traditions offer competing models. These are tested through a series of hypotheses on the form and content of the renovation decision. The empirical dataset used combines both stated and revealed preference data. 809 homeowners in British Columbia were surveyed at three different cross-sections of the renovation decision process. The sample included both energy efficient (e.g., windows, insulation) and amenity renovators (e.g., kitchens, bathrooms), and was broadly representative of the population of renovating homeowners in British Columbia. Survey responses were calibrated using actual energy consumption data, and a supplementary survey of realtors. Calibration allowed homeowners’ expectations of the financial costs and benefits of renovating to be evaluated. Firstly, sampled homeowners systematically over-estimated their energy costs. Secondly, these estimates were subject to common information processing and recall biases. Thirdly, even homeowners in the middle of energy efficient renovations had expectations of capital costs, energy cost savings, and property value impacts that were largely unknown or unreliable. More generally, sampled homeowners lacked the basic knowledge necessary to appraise energy efficient renovations as financial investments. Homeowners’ motivations for renovating were more likely to be emotional and aesthetic in the case of amenities, but related to functional outcomes like thermal comfort in the case of energy efficiency. Social norms were influential in both cases but were underreported by homeowners. This was consistent with rationalisation biases which help individuals maintain self-esteem by emphasizing instrumental explanations for their actions. This psychologically realistic characterisation of the renovation decision suggests a range of design criteria for policy, and questions the effectiveness of narrowly-targeted information and incentive policies in their current form. However, policy implications should be generalised with caution given the low energy price and appreciating real estate market characteristics of the study region.
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Silva, Rogério Souza da. "Gestão de energia em instituições públicas: metodologia baseada no modelo de excelência em gestão pública." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-23122014-141551/.
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As questões ambientais, o aquecimento global e a escassez dos recursos naturais são temas cada vez mais relevantes nesse início de século XXI. No Brasil também está em discussão a necessidade da melhoria dos gastos públicos e maior eficiência do Estado. A gestão de energia pode ser um vetor nessas frentes, contribuindo ao mesmo tempo para redução de impactos ambientais, melhor aproveitamento dos recursos e reduzindo o dispêndio de gastos públicos com energia. A proposta deste trabalho é apresentar o Sistema Público de Gestão de Energia (SPGE) visando incrementar a eficiência energética em instituições públicas brasileiras. O SPGE tem como base o Modelo de Excelência em Gestão Pública (MEGP), um modelo de gestão moderno, conceitualmente adaptado ao setor público do Brasil. Valendo-se também do conhecimento adquirido pelo Programa Permanente para o Uso de Energia na Universidade São Paulo (PURE-USP), que pratica a gestão de energia na USP desde 1997, este trabalho também aplica o SPGE para sugerir melhorias ao programa uspiano. Conclui que a gestão de energia deve ser praticada pelo setor público brasileiro, e que os conceitos de eficiência energética devem ser divulgados ao cidadão até o ponto que ele tenha condições de requerer a gestão de energia em todas as instituições públicas que faça uso.Environmental issues, global warming and scarcity of natural resources are themes even more relevant at the beginning of 21th century. In Brazil, it is also in discussion the need of improving public spending and bigger efficiency of the country. Energy management can be a vector in these fronts, at the same time contributing to reduce environmental impacts, better use of resources and reducing the waste of public spending with energy. The purpose of this paper is to present the Public System Power Management (known as SPGE) aiming increasing the energy efficiency in Brazilian public institutions. This System (SPGE) is based on the Model of Excellence in Public Management (known as MEGP), a model of modern management, conceptually adapted to Brazils public sector. Also taking advantage from the knowledge obtained by the Permanent Program to the Use of Energy from University of São Paulo (known as PURE-USP), that has exercised the energy management in USP since 1997, this paper also applies SPGE to suggest improves to USP program. It concludes that power management must be used by Brazilian public sector and the concept of energy efficiency has to be disseminated to the citizens up to the point where they are able to require the power management in all public institutions used by them.
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Santos, Carolina Tojal Ramos dos. "Compras eletrônicas e incentivos à eficiência no setor público: evidências do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-17082018-162125/.
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A dissertação investiga como a corrupção e a ineficiência afetam os preços pagos pelo setor público na compra de bens. Comumente atribuem-se os preços elevados à corrupção. Contudo, em geral, não é possível separar os efeitos daqueles advindos da ineficiência gerada pela própria burocracia. Para distinguir as implicações dessas duas variáveis, utiliza-se a adoção do pregão eletrônico da Bolsa Eletrônica de Compras de São Paulo (BEC/SP) pelos órgãos do estado, pois considera-se que ele gera incentivos distintos para os órgãos a depender de qual efeito é mais importante para explicar os preços. As evidências empíricas apontam que os órgãos públicos pagam preços distintos por produtos semelhantes e que aqueles que pagavam preços mais altos têm mais chances de aderir ao pregão eletrônico da BEC, o que indica que as diferenças de preços se devem, sobretudo, à ineficiência. Além disso órgãos que pagavam preços mais baixos têm menos incentivos em aderir ao pregão eletrônico, pois já possuem mecanismos de compras mais eficientes, e manipulam os valores totais de suas aquisições para conseguir se enquadrar na categoria de dispensa de licitação.The master thesis investigates how corruption and inefficiency affect the prices paid by public bodies for the purchase of goods. The high prices are commonly attributed to corruption, but in general it is not possible to separate the effects of inefficiency generated by the bureaucracy itself. In order to distinguish the implications of these two variables we use the adoption of the descending electronic auction through an online procurement platform (Bolsa Eletrônica de Compras de São Paulo - BEC/SP) by the public bodies of the state of São Paulo. It is possible to separate the effects on procurement prices because the descending electronic auction generates different incentives for the public bodies depending on which effect is the most important. The empirical evidence indicates that the agencies pay different prices for similar products and that those who pay higher prices are more likely to use the descending electronic auction, which indicates that price differences are mainly due to inefficiency. In addition, the lower-paying agencies have fewer incentives to join the descending electronic auction, because they already have more efficient purchasing mechanisms, and manipulate the total amounts of their purchases to be exempted from doing a bidding process.
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Silva, Diogo Miguel Santos Graça Nunes da. "A eficiência das PPP no sector hospitalar em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19941.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisNas últimas décadas, temos assistido à proliferação de novos instrumentos de gestão pública, nomeadamente das parcerias público-privadas (PPP). A saúde tem sido uma das principais áreas-alvo deste modelo de gestão, mais concretamente a nível hospitalar. Em Portugal, cabe ao parceiro privado, para além da gestão da infraestrutura, a gestão dos serviços clínicos e a prestação dos cuidados de saúde, tornando estas parcerias ainda mais complexas e multifacetadas. Apesar da utilização das PPP no sector da saúde, existe alguma controvérsia sobre se este modelo é realmente mais eficiente que o público. Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem como objectivo a comparação da eficiência entre a gestão dos hospitais em regime de PPP em Portugal - Braga, Vila Franca de Xira, Loures e Cascais e a dos hospitais públicos, no período entre 2013 e 2017. Para este efeito, foi selecionado um grupo homogéneo de hospitais comparáveis que incluiu 30 hospitais públicos e os 4 hospitais PPP. Para a avaliação da eficiência, foram utilizadas duas abordagens - Econométrica e Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Em ambas as metodologias, testou-se o efeito do tipo de gestão na eficiência dos hospitais analisados. A eficiência hospitalar foi traduzida por rácios e scores no âmbito da metodologia econométrica e da análise DEA, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os hospitais PPP foram, em média, mais eficientes que os públicos no período analisado.
Over the last decades, we have witnessed the proliferation of new public management models, such as public-private partnerships (PPP). Health has been one of the main target areas of this management model, specifically at the hospital level. In Portugal, the private partner is also responsible for the clinical service management and health care delivery, in addition to infrastructure management, making these partnerships even more complex and multifaceted. Albeit the popularity of PPP in healthcare, there is still some controversy whether this model is more efficient than the public one. In this context, the present study aims to compare the efficiency between the management of the 4 PPP hospitals in Portugal - Braga, Vila Franca de Xira, Loures and Cascais and the public hospitals, between 2013 and 2017. For this purpose, a homogeneous group of comparable hospitals was selected, including 30 public hospitals and the 4 PPP hospitals. For efficiency evaluation, two approaches were used - Econometric and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In both methodologies, the effect of management type on hospital efficiency was tested. Hospital efficiency was explained by ratios and scores within the econometric methodology and DEA analysis, respectively. The results showed that PPP hospitals were, on average, more efficient than public hospitals over the analyzed period.
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溫國偉 and Kwok-wai Wan. "Comparison on the efficiency between private and public sectors in providing quality housing services." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894823.
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Wan, Kwok-wai. "Comparison on the efficiency between private and public sectors in providing quality housing services." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25176237.
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Mohamed, Rugayah. "Comparative performance of public and private enterprises in Malaysia : the effect of ownership and market structure on the relative efficiency of public and private enterprises in the Malaysian manufacturing sector, 1980 - 1987." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261029.
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Horáková, Lucie. "Analýza způsobů zvyšování efektivnosti ve veřejném sektoru s využitím příkladu příspěvkové organizace Česká geologická služba." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192651.
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This paper is focused on evaluation and improvement of the allocative efficiency of the public sector. The introductory chapters give us information about the necessity of existence, operation and financing of the public sector and its representation in public finances. Rules for establishing, financing and management of semi-budgetary organizations are discused in a more elaborated manner. The theoretical part explains the concept of efficiency and provides a detailed overview of methods of measuring the efficiency in the public sector by various authors. In the practical part, the theoretical approaches are demonstrated on the example of the Czech Geological Survey (ČGS). ČGS is a semi- budgetary organization established by the Ministry of the Environment, but partly also works as a research organization. Also there are given the competences and organizer's requirements. Financing of the organization is provided from several sources, whereas the contribution from the organizers part is reduced on a year to year basis and the organization is forced to cover the loss by research activities and providing services to foreign customers. The effectiveness analysis is based on the concept of Sintonen. However it is complicated by the fact that ČGS is on one hand A semi-budgetary organization and on the other A research organization. For the semi-budgetary organizationS the appropriate approach is to minimize costs, but for the research organization it is rather about increasing revenues. For the highest efficiency possible it is necessary to find a combination of both approaches.
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Sathornkich, Nicha. "Development and implementation of a performance management system that efficiently and effectively drive Thai public sector development." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-and-implementation-of-a-performance-management-system-that-efficiently-and-effectively-drive-thai-public-sector-development(f0672dc7-2d76-4fd0-8c60-cc5bb6c6ce6d).html.
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This thesis investigates how the Thai public sector, particularly at the provincial level, makes sense of the performance management system (PMS) aimed at driving forward the improvement in public service and enhancing the sustainability of service quality. The study explores the implications of the PMS implementation after the major civil service reform in 2002. The core aspects of this development include the nation-wide implementation of the PMS, the Provincial CEO scheme, as well as the incentive schemes put force to motivate and enhance such development and improvement. Although there is rich literature on performance management, there is limited in the Thai context, particularly at the provincial level. The empirical study relies on a qualitative approach through intensively exploring five provincial case studies. In-depth, semi-structure interviews have been conducted within the provinces, as well as with executives from central agencies, training and development institutes, and key resource persons who are directly involved in the PMS implementation. The data analysis reveals that a strong commitment of the government at policy level brought in support and coordination among central agencies and has altered attention and resources towards the system implementation. Additionally, the PMS implementation together with the promotion of the Provincial CEO scheme has created new challenges for the Provincial Governors and the provincial administration in which there is shown to be a shift from an administrative approach to a more managerial and participative one. The performance agreement (PA) has played a crucial role in improving and evaluating performance, driving public sector development, and linking performance with the monetary incentive schemes. However, the study also finds a limitation of the PA execution in relation to its linkages with incentive distribution to individuals. Furthermore, several incentive schemes are available for different groups of people and cause misunderstanding and demotivating affects which, in turn, has impacts on the PMS as a whole. The findings of this research provide new evidence on the PMS implications at the provincial level in the Thai public sector in which political policies are cascaded down into real practices and execution. Therefore, the result could be considered as extending the knowledge boundary in the context of public management. Crucially, the research highlights significant implications and specified factors enabling and inhibiting success in the PMS implementation.
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Nyabadza, Munyaradzi Christine. "Overcoming energy constraints on future development in Stellenbosch through energy efficiency : retrofitting of solar hot water heaters and gas stoves in middle and high income households in the residential sector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20258.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa faces an energy crisis which presents itself in two forms; electricity generation dominated by coal fired power stations and current electricity supply capacity being unable to meet growth in demand. South Africa urgently requires new generation capacity: however, power stations take time to plan, construct and commission, meaning that South Africa has to consider other options to meet electricity demand. This necessitates quick and innovative ways of meeting future demand. Energy efficiency has been identified as “a low hanging fruit” on the energy tree to address supply constraints and reduce energy related greenhouse gas emissions. There are various energy efficiency programmes aimed at raising awareness of measures that households can take to reduce energy consumption. Some of South Africa’s key objectives of energy efficiency in the residential sector are to mitigate the effect of peak demand on power capacity and to introduce state of the art technologies. In terms of these technologies, there is an overlap between energy efficiency and renewable energy. The widespread installation of renewable energy technologies such as SWHs has the potential to delay the need to construct new power stations. SWHs are a viable renewable energy option for South Africa. It is a mature and proven technology with the potential to address South Africa’s electricity capacity problems. Not only does a SWH provide financial savings to the customer in the long run but it offers the additional benefit of a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions to society. Although awareness of the benefits of solar water heaters is increasing, SWH uptake remains low. However the uptake is increasing due to; a SWH rebate offered through Eskom, electricity price increases which are forcing consumers to seek alternatives and a national building code requiring energy efficient water heating in new buildings which is expected to come into effect in 2012. Liquid Petroleum Gas is a low carbon emitting source of fuel for cooking. In South Africa, middle–high income households rely on the electric stove for cooking. Cooking contributes to electricity peak demand. Reducing electricity demand by replacing the electric stove would help in reducing electricity peak demand from the grid. LPG use has been increasing due to the following reasons; electricity supply shortages, shifting government policy on LPG and increasing electricity tariffs forcing lifestyle changes. This case study sought to investigate the opportunities, as well as the barriers for a Stellenbosch municipality - initiated energy efficiency programme. In terms of energy supply and demand management, the municipality has identified energy efficiency and the introduction of renewable energy sources as options for achieving sustainability. One of the barriers facing energy efficient technologies is up-front costs in the case of SWHs and the cost of appropriate equipment such as gas stoves in the case LPG. The study sought to investigate financial mechanisms that the municipality could use to overcome these barriers and promote the use of SWH and gas stove in the residential sector. Data was collected through a combination of a mini Delphi – expert opinion technique, questionnaires, secondary data analysis, telephone and personal interviews with solar water heater industry stakeholders, LPG industry stakeholders and municipal officials. The conclusion drawn from this research is that Stellenbosch Municipality can initiate its own energy efficiency programme instead of waiting for national government. Although the municipality can initiate an energy efficiency programme, it needs to find another institution to fund the programme. Funding mechanisms however do overcome the barrier of high up -front costs and high gas equipment costs making energy efficient technologies affordable.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika staan voor ʼn energiekrisis wat op twee maniere gestalte kry: elektrisiteitsopwekking wat oorheers word deur steenkoolkragstasies en huidige elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsvermoë wat nie in die groeiende aanvraag kan voorsien nie. Suid-Afrika benodig dringend nuwe kragontwikkelingsvermoë. Dit neem egter tyd om kragstasies te beplan, op te rig en in diens te stel, wat beteken dat Suid-Afrika ander opsies moet oorweeg om in elektrisiteitsaanvraag te voorsien. Dit noodsaak vinnige en innoverende maniere om in toekomstige aanvraag te voorsien. Energierendement is as “ʼn laaghangende vrug” op die energieboom geïdentifiseer ten einde beperkings in kragvoorsiening die hoof te bied en kweekhuisgasuitlatings wat met energie verband hou te verminder. Daar is verskeie energiebesparingsprogramme wat ten doel het om die bewustheid te versterk van maatreëls wat huishoudings kan volg om energieverbruik te verminder. Van Suid-Afrika se vernaamste doelstellings ten opsigte van energierendement in die residensiële sektor is om die uitwerking van spitsaanvraag op kragvermoë te verlig en om die jongste tegnologie in te voer. Ingevolge hierdie tegnologieë is daar ʼn oorvleueling tussen energierendement en hernubare energie. Die algemene installering van hernubare energietegnologieë, soos sonkragwaterverwarming (SWV), het die potensiaal om die noodsaaklikheid van die oprigting van nuwe kragstasies uit te stel. SWV is ʼn lewensvatbare nuwe energieopsie vir Suid-Afrika. Dit is ʼn ontwikkelde en bewese tegnologie met die potensiaal om Suid-Afrika se probleme ten opsigte van elektrisiteitsvermoë die hoof te bied. SWV sorg nie slegs vir die kliënt vir finansiële besparing op die lang duur nie, maar dit bied ook vir die samelewing die bykomende voordeel van ʼn afname in kweekhuisgasuitlatings. Alhoewel die bewustheid van die voordele van sonkragwaterverwarming toeneem, bly die gebruik van SWV laag. Die gebruik is egter besig om toe te neem vanweë ʼn SWV-korting wat deur Eskom aangebied word, elektrisiteitsprysverhogings wat verbruikers dwing om alternatiewe te soek, en ʼn nasionale boureglement wat energiedoeltreffende waterverwarming in nuwe geboue vereis en wat na verwagting in 2012 in werking sal tree. Vloeibare petroleumgas is ʼn brandstofbron wat vir kook gebruik word en wat ʼn lae koolstofvrystelling het. In Suid-Afrika gebruik huishoudings met ʼn middelhoë inkomste die elektriese stoof om te kook. Kook dra by tot elektrisiteitspitsaanvraag. Die vermindering in elektrisiteitsaanvraag deur die vervanging van die elektriese stoof kan help om die elektrisiteitspitsaanvraag op die netwerk te verlaag. Die gebruik van VPG het toegeneem weens die volgende redes: elektrisiteitsvoorsieningstekorte, veranderende regeringsbeleid ten opsigte van VPG en die verhoging in elektrisiteitstariewe wat veranderinge in lewenstyl afdwing. Hierdie gevallestudie het gepoog om die geleenthede, sowel as die hindernisse vir ʼn energierendementprogram wat deur Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit geïnisieer is, te ondersoek. Ten opsigte van energievoorsiening en -aanvraagbestuur het die munisipaliteit energierendement geïdentifiseer en die ingebruikneming van hernubare-energiebronne as opsies om volhoubaarheid te bereik. Een van die hindernisse waarvoor energierenderende tegnologieë te staan kom, is voorkostes in die geval van SWV en die koste van toepaslike toerusting soos gasstowe in die geval VPG. Die studie het ondersoek ingestel na die finansiële meganismes wat die munisipaliteit sou kon gebruik om hierdie hindernisse te bowe te kom en die gebruik van SWV en gasstowe in die residensiële sektor te bevorder. Data is ingevorder deur middel van ʼn kombinasie van ʼn mini-Delphi – kennermeningtegniek, vraelyste, sekondêre data-ontleding, telefoon- en persoonlike onderhoude met belanghebbendes in die sonkragwaterverwarmingsbedryf, belanghebbendes in die VPG-bedryf en munisipale amptenare. Die gevolgtrekking wat uit hierdie navorsing gemaak word, is dat Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit sy eie energierendementprogram kan inisieer in plaas daarvan om vir nasionale regering te wag. Alhoewel die munisipaliteit ʼn energierendementprogram kan inisieer, moet dit ʼn ander instelling kry om die program te befonds. Befondsingsmeganismes oorkom egter die struikelblok van hoë voorkostes en hoë kostes van gastoerusting wat energierenderende tegnologieë bekostigbaar maak.
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Martins, Raquel Fernandes. "Qualidade da despesa : investimento em infra-estruturas de transportes." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10208.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasO presente Relatório de Estágio realizado na Direcção-Geral do Orçamento teve por base a análise da Qualidade da Despesa Pública, em termos de eficiência e eficácia, relativamente a investimentos em infra-estruturas de Transportes. O objectivo é, por um lado, dar a conhecer toda esta temática Qualidade das Finanças Públicas e, por outro lado, explorar de forma detalhada 3 projectos que foram seleccionados no âmbito do PIDDAC 2010: Ligação Ferroviária a Espanha (Porto de Sines/Elvas/Espanha); Construção do Metro Sul do Tejo e a Modernização Tecnológica e Melhoria da Eficiência Energética dos Transportes Públicos. Tendo em consideração algumas limitações que envolveram a elaboração deste estudo, foi possível chegar a determinadas conclusões através de indicadores de desempenho (análise de inputs, outputs, outcomes dos projectos). Relativamente ao Projecto da Ligação Ferroviária a Espanha, foram claramente visíveis os resultados desta infra-estrutura, tanto em termos do forte aumento da competitividade que este sector obteve, como no desenvolvimento do Porto de Sines. O projecto com vista à modernização dos transportes públicos remeteu-nos para diferentes análises ao longo da duração do projecto. Até 2009 o projecto considerou-se eficiente e no ano 2010 registou uma taxa de execução muito baixa, derivado pela fraca adesão nas candidaturas. A construção do Metro Sul do Tejo prometia grandes vantagens para a sociedade envolvente, no entanto, verificou-se que a adesão a este transporte não foi o desejado, provocando fortes indemnizações ao Estado. Não se verificou os objectivos pretendidos, principalmente na meta dos 85mil passageiros/dia, para o projecto ser considerado rentável.
This Report Stage held at the Directorate General of Budget was based on the analysis of the quality of public spending, in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, relating investment in transport infrastructures. The aim is, firstly, to make known this whole topic - Quality of public finances - and, secondly, to explore in detail three projects that were selected under PIDDAC 2010: Spanish Railway Connection (Port of Sines/Elvas/Spain); Construction of the Metropolitan South of the Tagus and Technological Modernization and Improvement of Energy Efficiency of Public Transportation. Taking into account some limitations involving the preparation of this study, it was possible to reach certain conclusions through performance indicators (analysis of projects? inputs, outputs and outcomes). For the Spanish Railway Connection Project, there were clearly visible results of this infrastructure, both in terms of the strong growth in competitiveness achieved in this sector, as in the development of the Port of Sines. The project to modernize public transportation, referred to in different analysis throughout the duration of the project. Until 2009 the project was considered to be efficient and in the year 2010 showed a very low rate of implementation, derived by the low number of applications. The construction of the Metropolitan South of the Tagus promised great benefits to the surrounding society, however, found that adherence to this transport was not the desired, causing heavy compensations to the Government. The desired goals weren?t accomplished, particularly the goal of 85 thousand passengers/day, for the project to be profitable.
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Malao, Mathapelo. "Delivery of infrastructure development through public private partnerships : managing PPP procurement more efficiently." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21787.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.Public private partnerships (PPP) are a critical driving force in the landscape of infrastructure projects in the world. South Africa’s adaptation of the PPP guidelines is therefore encouraging as it provides a framework for government and business to partner together in the delivery of basic infrastructure services to the public. Many challenges have been experienced in the South African PPP fraternity that have contributed to the stagnation of value-adding projects being implemented. In spite of these challenges, some developed countries have successfully implemented PPP projects which have concomitantly presented opportunities and lessons that South Africa can draw from. This research study investigates the fundamental causes of the challenges present in the South African PPP market and seeks to employ practical solutions in addressing these. The challenges have been widespread and include: the management of risk and how to account for risk; negotiations and the manner in which the procurement phase is operated in PPP projects; drafting of sound policies; the various complexities that exist within concession agreements; internal capacity constraints within the PPP Unit; lack of capacity and skills within government entities and political interference. Several vulnerabilities also exist in the bidding process of many countries and if these are not properly addressed by the advisors and institutions concerned, these could potentially delay the entire procurement phase. PPPs should be seen as a catalyst for providing basic infrastructure services that have the intent of improving the quality of lives for ordinary citizens. This, however, will only be successfully addressed once key success factors and lessons are drawn from other international markets that have demonstrated experience and skill in the implementation of PPPs. Three case studies, namely, the Gautrain Rapid Railway Link; the PPP between the Eastern Cape Department of Health and Life Healthcare Group in the Humansdorp district and the Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, have been investigated to extrapolate key findings and research findings from the procurement aspects of these projects. With the increase of PPP projects in South Africa, more research also needs to be conducted in putting together a standardisation pack for some of the replicated projects. These would include accommodation and road projects, as many of these have been done previously. Lessons from these projects should be drawn to formulate sound guidelines for stakeholders. Government also has an equal responsibility to play in ensuring that it promotes private sector involvement during the procurement phase by creating an enabling environment which is fair to bidders and which allows for prompt decision making. Principle agent problem continues to be a threat to the perception of PPPs as the private sector’s objective is often different from that of government. It is therefore important that a healthy balance between government’s socio-economic objectives and the profit-maximising objective of the private sector is met. For the public sector thiS means not neglecting society’s needs, but at the same time not under-budgeting the unitary payment of the private sector. If South Africa ought to remain globally competitive and ahead of its emerging market counterparts, there needs to be a complete change of priorities regarding the type of PPPs implemented and government also needs to remain committed and co-operative in the decision-making process.
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Mbelwa, Latifa. "Determinants of the use of accounting information in the public sector budgetary decision-making processes : the case of Tanzanian Local Government Authorities (LGAs)." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85370.
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Since the 1980s, public sector entities have been exposed to accounting reforms under an umbrella of New Public Management (NPM). The main purpose of adoption of accounting reforms is to increase efficiency in decision-making by producing useful accounting information. However, it is argued that the adoption of accounting reforms by public sector entities in developing countries is attributed to the seeking of financial legitimacy, rather than increasing organisational efficiency (Mzenzi, 2013; Mkasiwa, 2011; Adhikari and Mellemvik, 2011; Tambulasi, 2007; Sarker, 2006). Therefore, it is the interest of this study to research the use of accounting information by public sector entities in developing countries. This study is based on an interpretative approach and employs an exploratory case study strategy with two cases (LGAs) in order to accomplish four specific objectives. The roles and responsibilities of LGAs and their multiple actors in delivering public services to the citizens, and their roles in budgetary decision-making attributed by the adopted accounting practices, represent the major motivation of this study. Institutional theory and its three branches, which are Old Institutional Economics (OIE), New Institutional Sociology (NIS) and New Institutional Economics (NIE), were used in the process of developing the initial model, and the overall interpretation of findings. The findings of this study revealed three dimensions of instrumental-conceptual use, which included conceptual use, decision relevant, and recommendations use of accounting information in decisions related to estimations and collections of own source revenue. Furthermore, the study’s findings showed that legitimating use was the main dimension of the symbolic use of accounting information in the budget approval, as well as in the decision about estimating and collecting revenue from external sources. It further identified 22 factors influencing the use of accounting information in the budget decision-making processes. The study findings also revealed that instrumental-conceptual use of accounting information increases both an organisation’s budget efficiency as well as its external financial legitimacy. On the other hand, the symbolic use of accounting information decreases the organisation’s budget efficiency and the actual external financial legitimacy but increases the promised external financial legitimacy. This is attributed, mainly, by external institutional pressures that result in decoupling behavior in the use of accounting information in budgetary decision-making processes. In addition, the findings revealed that budget efficiency and acquired financial legitimacy are interdependent. This means that the high financial legitimacy acquired can indicate high budget efficiency in the situation the instrumental-conceptual use exists than the symbolic legitimating use of accounting information. The study proposes a model of the determinants of the use of accounting information in budget decision-making processes for budget efficiency and external financial legitimacy. It informs reformers, practitioners, policy-makers and researchers about the necessary measures to undertake to make sure that NPM reforms, especially accounting reforms, enhance both efficiency and financial legitimacy in the public sector organisations through the use of accounting information.
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Uluskaradag, Ozge. "Health Sector Restructuring In Turkey: The Impact Of Neoliberal Policies And European Union Membership Candidacy." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613402/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to analyze the inner dynamics as well as the outcomes of the health sector restructuring process in Turkey, by focusing on Neo-Liberal transformation, New Public Management practices and European Integration process. The thesis argues that health reform process along with other public sector reforms have been initiated by Neo-Liberalism as the new face of institutional and structural arrangements during 1980s. Within that process, it is underlined that New Public Management approach with its commitment to private sector methodology and techniques reflected the underlying philosophy and basic premises of Neo-Liberalism which dominated the health sector restructuring process in Turkey, as well as in Eastern Europe since 1990s. Often characterized
with the notion of &ldquoefficiency&rdquo
, the New Public Management techniques and methodologies claimed to bring a more efficiently working health system. In order to refute this claim, the health sector reforms that have been exercised in the past two decades in Turkey as well as in Eastern Europe are analyzed within a historical context. It is also argued that while the Neo-Liberal policies and policy initiatives proposed by International Monetary Fund and World Bank had a direct effect on health sector restructuring process, the role of the European Union has been indirect with regard to organization and service provision. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to analyze the outcomes of the health reforms carried out in Turkey in a multidisciplinary manner in order to reveal its political, economic,social and administrative implications in terms of service providers and service takers.
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TURSUNBAYEVA, Aizhan. "Developing and implementing ICT innovations for efficiency, quality and effectiveness in complex organizations: a comparative analysis of human resource informations systems in health care." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/74949.
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Questa tesi di dottorato è interdisciplinare e interseca tre ambiti: la gestione delle risorse umane (HRM), i sistemi informativi (IS) e l'informatica medica (eHealth). Si concentra in particolare sugli IS per la gestione delle risorse umane (HRIS), progettati per e/o utilizzati nelle aziende sanitarie. Sono stati impiegati sia metodi di ricerca secondari che empirici per sintetizzare i dati disponibili ad oggi, fornirne di nuovi e migliorare gli attuali modelli teorici in questo settore.
Studio 1: Una revisione sistematica della letteratura ha permesso di raccogliere, valutare criticamente e sintetizzare l’esistente corpus di dati della ricerca relativa agli HRIS. Tale analisi ha rivelato che, mentre alcuni studi di implementazione degli HRIS hanno distinto tra i benefici attesi e quelli realizzati, nessuno li ha confrontati nell'ambito sanitario, e nessuno ha comparato progetti di HRIS in diversi sistemi sanitari (Tursunbayeva et al., 2016).
Studio 2: Gli studi empirici hanno avuto lo scopo di affrontare questo gap della letteratura attraverso l'analisi dei benefici attesi e realizzati di progetti HRIS per diversi stakeholder all'interno delle aziende sanitarie in due Paesi. Essi inoltre volevano valutare in che misura fattori socio-tecnici di influenza identificati nella revisione sistematica hanno interessato l’implementazione e gli esiti di questi progetti.
La ricerca ha seguito un qualitative embedded case study design utilizzando sia le analisi documentarie che le interviste agli stakeholder. Due casi sono stati selezionati come esempi per l'analisi: un programma nazionale e uno regionale di sviluppo e di implementazione degli HRIS relativi rispettivamente a due aziende sanitarie di due diversi Paesi europei, dove lo stesso sistema commerciale HRIS è stato acquistato con gara pubblica e implementato. I dati sono stati analizzati sia all'interno che tra i due casi, al fine di identificare punti in comune e differenze.
L'analisi integrata ha identificato una vasta gamma di benefici attesi per diversi stakeholder, benefici che avevano guidato entrambi i progetti. C’è stata evidenza di tutte le categorie di benefici attesi individuati nelle precedenti ricerche sull’HRIS (Parry & Tyson, 2011), ad eccezione del miglioramento dell'immagine organizzativa. Straordinariamente i risultati indicano che i progetti HRIS possono essere spinti anche dalla motivazione delle aziende a confrontarsi con i leader del settore e da particolari esigenze del settore sanitario (es. migliorare la cura del paziente).
L'analisi comparativa ha fornito una chiara evidenza che la realizzazione dei benefici avviene non solo durante il processo di implementazione degli IS, ma anche attraverso il loro uso e può essere influenzata da diversi fattori socio-tecnici. I casi analizzati dimostrano che ci sono forti interdipendenze sia tra le categorie di benefici sia tra gli stakeholder. L'analisi ha rivelato anche la variazione tra benefici attesi e risultati realizzati.
Studio 3: Un’ulteriore analisi dei processi di sviluppo e implementazione degli HRIS è stata condotta utilizzando la Institutional Theory per comprendere come essi siano stati plasmati dalle differenti pressioni istituzionali nel corso del tempo, influenzando i risultati dei progetti. I concetti di organizing vision e strategic responses sono stati invocati per capire come gli stakeholder avevano interpretato gli obiettivi dell’innovazione e il modo in cui essi avevano scelto di rispondere alle pressioni istituzionali.
Questa analisi ha prodotto un framework per descrivere il processo attraverso il quale il contesto sociale modella le innovazioni organizzative degli IS nel corso del tempo. Questo framework e la tassonomia dei benefici attesi e realizzati dagli HRIS contribuiscono significativamente allo sviluppo della teoria in questo settore e possono ispirare la ricerca futura relativa agli HRIS. I risultati e le raccomandazioni che emergono da questi studi sono anche utili per manager che pianificano, eseguono o valutano progetti sugli HRIS, complessi e impegnativi.This interdisciplinary PhD lies at the intersection of three domains: Human Resource (HR) Management, Information Systems (IS) and Health Informatics, also known as eHealth. It focuses specifically on Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) designed for or used in health organizations. The studies described used both secondary and empirical research methods to synthesize the existing body of evidence, generate new evidence and advance current theoretical models in this area. Study 1: A methodologically rigorous Systematic Literature Review captured, critically appraised and synthesized the existing corpus of research pertinent to HRIS. It revealed that while some studies of HRIS implementation have differentiated between expected and realized benefits, none have compared both of these in the context of healthcare, and none have compared HRIS in different healthcare systems (Tursunbayeva et al., 2016). Study 2: The empirical studies were aimed at addressing this knowledge gap by analysing the expected and realized benefits from HRIS projects for different stakeholders within healthcare organizations in two countries. They also set out to assess to what extent identified in the systematic review sociotechnical factors of influence affected implementation and outcomes in these projects. The empirical research followed a qualitative embedded case study design, using both documentary analysis and stakeholder interviews. Two case examples were selected for analysis - a national and a regional HRIS development and implementation programmes in two different European countries. The same commercial HRIS system was procured under public tender and deployed in both settings. Data were analyzed within and across both cases in order to identify their commonalities and differences. The integrated analysis identified a wide range of expected benefits that had driven both projects for different actors. There was evidence of all the categories of expected benefit identified in previous HRIS research (Parry & Tyson, 2011), except for improving Organizational image. Uniquely the results indicate that HRIS projects can be also driven by organizations’ motivations to benchmark themselves against the sector leaders and by particular requirements of the health sector (e.g. improving patient care). The comparative analysis of the two case studies also provided clear evidence that benefits realization takes place not only during the IS implementation process, but also through its use and can be affected by a wide range of sociotechnical factors. The case studies analyzed in this thesis also demonstrate that there are strong interdependencies both across different categories of benefit and between different actors. Importantly, the analysis also revealed the variation between benefits expected at the outset of the project compared to the outcomes realised later on. Study 3: In order to better understand this gap, further analysis was undertaken of the processes of HRIS development and implementation that had influenced each outcome. This used an Institutional Theory lens to explore how different (competing) institutional pressures had shaped the development and implementation of this “IS innovation” within these organizational settings over time. The concepts of the “organizing vision” and “strategic responses” were invoked to understand how different organizational actors had interpreted the nature and goals of the innovation and how they had chosen to respond to the various institutional pressures associated with them. This analysis yielded a framework for describing the process through which social context shapes organizational IS innovations over time. This framework, and the taxonomy of expected and realized benefits from HRIS, contribute meaningfully to the development of theory in this area and can inform future HRIS research. Insights and recommendations from the studies are also valuable for managers planning, delivering or evaluating HRIS development and implementation projects, which can be complex and challenging.
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Chen, Xian. "An assessment of the performance appraisal process in the public sector : a comparative study of local government in the City of Cape Town (South Africa) and Hangzou city (China)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8085_1305010278.
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This study found that the performance appraisal process, in particular, is an instrument of the performance appraisal system that contributes tremendous value to planning and implementation. The research found that the performance appraisal process in the City of Cape Town can be improved through addressing the process and improving the approaches followed by the managers in daily appraisals, which can be done by following the complete process and including all the steps it involves, and by having a positive attitude towards the performance appraisal process. This mini&ndash
thesis also provides a set of conclusions and recommendations for the performance management and performance appraisal system, particularly regarding appraisal process enhancement. It is hoped that the lessons learned through this study will inform current practices and provide information for future research at local government level.
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Pereira, Dora Maria Baeta Leitão Xarepe. "Políticas públicas locais de acção social." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4514.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasExiste hoje uma falta de estruturas de apoio aos idosos, e Portugal está num processo rápido de envelhecimento da população. Partindo do pressuposto que o bem-estar dos cidadãos deve ser uma preocupação das administrações públicas, coloca-se a seguinte questão: devem as autarquias locais, como nível descentralizado da administração, cumprir um papel mais interventivo assegurando a gestão de equipamentos e realizando investimentos na construção, ou no apoio à construção de lares e centros de dia para idosos? Para responder a esta questão identificam-se as principais alterações demográficas que se perspetivam nas próximas décadas e avalia-se o papel que o Estado, o mercado, e o terceiro setor desempenham. Os quadros teóricos em que se insere este trabalho são, por um lado a teoria do federalismo orçamental e por outro os diferentes modelos de Estado Social. As políticas públicas sociais de apoio aos idosos estão muito centralizadas em Portugal, quando consideramos o contexto europeu. A análise empírica efectuada permite não só perspectivar as necessidades crescentes de equipamentos para idosos, dado o envelhecimento da população, bem como o carácter residual da intervenção pública nesta área. A oferta de equipamentos é assegurada sobretudo pelas IPSS (civis e religiosas), seguido do sector privado. Porém, os dados disponíveis mostram que o acréscimo da oferta está a ser assegurado sobretudo pelo sector privado, o que coloca problemas de equidade pois exclui aqueles que não têm condições para pagar. Há pois fundamento para uma maior intervenção das autarquias. Aceitando-se que as autarquias locais têm pouca aptidão para a gestão de equipamentos desta natureza considera-se, no entanto, que podem contribuir quer directamente com a construção de infra-estruturas quer através de incentivos ao seu alcance que concorram para atenuar a situação actual de carência na oferta de equipamentos.
Today there is a lack of support structures for the elderly, and Portugal is facing a rapid process of aging. Assuming that the well-being of citizens should be a concern of government, a relevant question is the following: should local authorities, have more interventionist role by ensuring the management and investment in equipment construction, or in supporting the construction of homes and centers for the elderly? To answer this question we identify the major demographic changes that lie ahead in the coming decades and assess the role that the state, the market, and the third sector play. The theoretical framework of this work is, on one hand, the theory of fiscal federalism and on the other the different models of welfare state. The social policies and support for older people are very centralized in Portugal, when we consider the European context. The empirical analysis carried out not only allows foreseeing the growing needs of equipment for the elderly, given the aging population, but also the residual nature of public intervention in this area. The supply of equipment is performed mainly by the IPSS (civil and religious charities), followed by the private sector. However, available data show that the increase in supply is being provided primarily by the private sector, which poses problems of equity because it excludes those who can't afford to pay. There is, therefore, a foundation for greater involvement of local authorities. Accepting that local authorities have little aptitude for the management of such equipments is considered, however, that they mayit contribute either directly to building the needed infrastructures or to provide incentives to increase private, or third sector, supply of facilities needed for the elderly.
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Andersson, Daniel. "Innovation i allmänhetens tjänst : Effektiva innovationsprocesser i ett offentligt bolag." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-4850.
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Offentliga sektorn i Sverige skulle, enligt en rapport från Europeiska centralbankssystemet (ECBS) 2003, kunna hålla samma kvalitet med bara hälften av resurserna. Det behövs därför nya sätt som kan öka värdet och minska kostnaderna i offentliga verksamheter i Sverige. Innovativa processerföreslås vara en möjlighet till att hitta nya arbetssätt för en effektivare offentlig sektor. I studien undersöks innovationsprocessen i ett offentligt bolag i syfte att ge förslag på arbetssätt som kan effektivisera bolagets innovationsprocesser. Följande frågeställningar vägledde studien: Vad kännetecknar effektiva innovationsprocesser? Hur kan effektiva innovationsprocesser tillföra värde för ett offentligt bolag? Hur kan Bolaget AB arbeta för effektivare innovationsprocesser i sin verksamhet?
Syftet med studien är att ta fram förslag på arbetssätt för effektivare innovationsprocesser i Bolaget AB: s verksamhet.
I studien används en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt fyra personer. Det vill säga två medarbetare, en chef och en VD i ett offentligt bolag i Sverige. Intervjuerna syftade till att ge en nulägesbeskrivning av bolagets innovationsprocesser. Utifrån studiens teoretiska referensram analyserades empirin och förslag på arbetssätt för en effektivare innovationsprocess gavs.Effektiva innovationsprocesser ser olika ut i olika organisationer. Det finns ingen allmängiltig process som är mer effektiv än andra utan den skall anpassas till den organisation där den verkar. En effektiv innovationsprocess i det offentliga bolaget som undersöks här kan innebära möjlighet att skapa ettkonkurrenskraftigt näringsliv som ger fler arbetstillfällen för stadens invånare och ökar tillväxten i regionen. Det offentliga bolag som undersökts i studien har brister i den idégenererande verksamheten och i den kontinuerliga utvärderingen. Det är främst kulturella hinder som i dagsläget påverkar innovationsprocessen negativt. Bolaget behöver även rutiner för bland annatomvärldsbevakning och informationshantering.
The public sector in Sweden should, according to a rapport from the European central bank system (ECBS) in 2003, be able to keep the same quality with only half the economic resources. New ways that could raise value and reducing expenses in the Swedish public sector are therefore much needed. Innovative processes are suggested to be important for the public sector to find new andmore efficient methods of work. In this research the innovation process in a public corporation is reviewed with an intention to give suggestions of work methods that could improve the corporation’s efficiency. The following questions have guided the research: What characterize efficient innovation processes? How can efficient innovations processes help value to a publiccorporation? How can the public corporation work for more efficient innovation processes in their business?The purpose of this research is to develop suggestions for work methods that will help to improve the efficiency of the public corporation´s innovation processes.In this research a qualitative method is used in form of semi structured interviews with four employees in a public corporation in Sweden, two co‐workers, one executive and one CEO. The interviews were aimed to give a description of the present innovation processes in the corporation. The empiric data was analyzed from a theoretic point of view and set out to give suggestions for work methods that will help to improve the efficiency of the corporation´s innovation processes.Efficient innovation processes can vary from one organization to another. There is not one process that is more efficient than other processes and the innovation process have to be suited for the specific organization. A more efficient innovation process in the public corporation in this study can mean possibilities for a competitive business environment which gives job opportunities and an economic growth in the region. The public corporation in this study has flaws in their idea generating activities and in their continuous evaluation. It is primarily cultural obstacles that affect the innovation processes negative. The public corporation also needs routines for external and internalenvironment monitoring and for managing information.
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Reis, Alda Maria dos Santos. "Modelos de governação e parcerias público-privadas (PPP):o caso dos Clusters em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4940.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas PúblicasO modelo de governação do Estado regulador e a reforma da gestão pública baseada no New Public Management, sustentando o melhor posicionamento do sector privado relativamente ao sector público em termos de competência, flexibilidade e eficiência, conduziram ao crescimento da regulação estatutária por agências independentes, que tem vindo a ser adoptada nos países ocidentais como instrumento preferencial na implementação de políticas públicas, designadamente quando o Estado pretende melhorar a eficiência dos mercados através da alavancagem económica. Neste contexto, no âmbito da Agenda de Competitividade Económica do QREN 2007-2013, foi implementado um instrumento de política inovador em Portugal, denominado Estratégias de Eficiência Colectiva (EEC), destinado a financiar iniciativas geradoras de externalidades positivas, nomeadamente a clusterização industrial, através da contratualização com agências independentes constituídas em PPP Intersectoriais. Este trabalho tem por objectivo estudar a implementação da Política de Clusters em Portugal e avaliar os resultados dos dezanove clusters aprovados em termos de eficiência, a meio percurso do período contratual, através do recurso ao modelo de Análise da Envolvente de Dados (DEA). Tal constitui um contributo para a reflexão dos responsáveis governamentais sobre o futuro desta política e para as entidades gestoras dos clusters, em termos de melhoria da sua performance.
The rise of regulatory state and public management reforms based on New Public Management theories sustaining the better position of private sector compared to the public administration in terms of competencies, flexibility and efficiency, have contributed to the growth of statutory regulation by independent agencies, that are being adopted by western governments as a preferred instrument in the implementation of economic public policies to remove market failures, improve market efficiency and enforcing economic competition. The Agenda of Economic Competitiveness of the QREN 2007-2013 has created an innovative public policy program in Portugal, named Collective Efficiency Strategies (EEC), aimed at financing initiatives generating positive externalities, like industrial clusters, through the contract with independent agencies established by statute as cross-sector public private partnerships. The central aim of this research is to study the regulation of Clusters Public Policy in Portugal and to evaluate the efficiency of the nineteen clusters approved within the program of EEC, in the mid-term of the contract, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) quantitative method. This analysis is a contribution for a more accurate reflexion of the future of this policy by the government authorities and for enhancing the performance of some inefficient clusters and contractual agencies.
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Teodoro, Maria Inês Tavares de Matos. "O código de obras como instrumento regulatório de eficiência energética em edificações residenciais: proposições para o município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-20072012-121526/.
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A conjuntura nacional de crescimento econômico e populacional aliada aos programas habitacionais de combate ao déficit de moradias deixa antever o contínuo aumento da demanda energética no setor residencial, que deve ser alvo de políticas públicas de promoção de eficiência energética. O objetivo da presente dissertação é investigar o potencial do Código de Obras e Edificações (COE) do Município de São Paulo enquanto instrumento regulatório de promoção de eficiência energética e apresentar sugestões com vista à revisão do atual documento. Para tal dividiu-se a pesquisa em três temas: fatores que explicam o consumo energético (direto e indireto) das edificações e estratégias de minimização desse consumo; caracterização dos códigos de eficiência energética em edificações (CEEE), com destaque para o Código de Obras, e panorama internacional e brasileiro relativamente à sua adoção; caracterização do consumo energético do Município de São Paulo e análise dos requisitos de eficiência energética no atual COE. Atendendo à elevada taxa de novas construções e ao estoque de edifícios obsoletos com potencial de retrofitting defende-se que o Código de Obras, pela sua abrangência e obrigatoriedade, constitui um instrumento regulatório adequado à promoção da eficiência energética no setor de edificações no Município de São Paulo e sugere-se a revisão do atual COE com vista à introdução de requisitos de eficiência energética. Entre as sugestões apresentadas contam-se a segmentação das medidas dirigidas às moradias de interesse social e às chamadas edificações de mercado, definição de limites máximos para o valor de transmitância térmica dos elementos opacos da envoltória (paredes e cobertura) em ambientes condicionados e não condicionados e a exigência de um nível mínimo de eficiência energética para edificações e equipamentos instalados. Como contribuição da presente pesquisa cabe ainda destacar o cálculo da intensidade energética por unidade de área construída nos setores residencial e comercial no Município de São Paulo, indicador em falta na literatura e dados oficiais publicados.The national economic and population growth in association with the housing programs to combat housing deficit are expected to result in future increase of energy demand in the residential sector. Considering the already high contribution of the building sector in the electricity consumption of Brazil, the development of policy measures aiming to promote energy efficiency in the sector should be encouraged. The main objective of this research is to investigate the potential of the Building Code (BC) of São Paulo municipality as a regulatory instrument to promote energy efficiency and make suggestions to revise it. To this end, the paper is divided in three parts: factors that explain the energy consumption (direct and indirect) of buildings and strategies to minimize it; characterization of Building Energy Efficiency Codes (BEEC) and the Brazilian and international panorama regarding its adoption; energy consumption of São Paulo municipality and analysis of energy efficiency requirements in the current BC. As a mandatory and comprehensive regulatory instrument, Building Codes are adequate do promote energy efficiency given the local reality of high annual rates of construction and the significant stock of old buildings which could benefit from retrofitting. Suggestions to a revision process of the BC of São Paulo Municipality include segmentation of energy efficient requirements according to social economic profile of buildings, definition of overall heat transfer coefficient values (U-factor) for building envelope components (walls and roof) of conditioned and non-conditioned areas, and definition of minimum energy efficiency levels for buildings and equipments. Additional contribution of this research includes estimation of electricity use per square meter of building floor area, for the residential and commercial sectors in São Paulo municipality.
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CARUSO, Germana. "La valutazione del personale non dirigente tra ottimizzazione della produttività ed efficienza della pubblica amministrazione." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/28643.
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International economic Bodies and authoritative academic studies agree on identifying the Italian Public Sector as a formidable, unhatched vein of competitiveness. The growing attention to Public work’s productivity and to the State apparatus’ expense trend, which are all closely related elements to the entire Country’s competitiveness, are at the base of the recent Public Sector reform (d.lgs. 150/2009).
The Italian Parliament, moved towards finding a concurrence of Public employment and private sector regulative assets, entrusting the role of strategic incentive for modernization to performance evaluation and measurement systems, both individual and organizational ones, so as to make the whole Public sector more efficient, on the whole.
This research, carried out on the methodological level by integrating the legal approach with the analysis instruments offered by organizational sciences, starts from the analysis of the critical aspects of the performance measurement and evaluation systems of the public employees in central Administrations.
The final result was that of moving from the centrality of individual performance to the supremacy of organizational performance; a change of perspective in the face of which the Reform still atones for an error in planning.
The d.lgs. 150/2009, in fact, concentrates its efficiency around the “performance lever”, activated by the improvement of civil servants’ performance, and only marginally takes into consideration the opportunities offered, in terms of competitiveness recovery of the Public Sector, by activities of re-triggering of the Public apparatuses’ processes and restructuring.
Finally, the critical analysis of the changes intervened on the context conditions at the basis of d.lgs. 150/2009, sets the right premises for the processing of de iure condendo perspectives on a new model of union liaisons.
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JÃnior, Rosendo Fernandes da Silva. "There was change in Competitiveness Public and Private Banks in Local Markets Brazilians after the year 2000? A Competitive Analysis for the year 2010, considering all public banks (scenario # 1), and considering only CAIXA as the only Public Bank (scenario 2). Following, antitrust analysis in Sector Brazilian Banking: fusion simulation application from Bank of Brazil and CAIXA." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16228.
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nÃo hÃEm 2008, o mundo se deparou com uma crise econÃmica que abalou as pilastras e confiabilidade no setor bancÃrio mundial. Os bancos se estruturam em um processo defensivo de proteÃÃo de seus ativos. No Brasil, O Governo Federal estimulou os bancos pÃblicos a prover crÃdito no mercado, buscado suavizar os efeitos de fuga de investimento e repatriaÃÃo de cash na recomposiÃÃo dos ativos. A pergunta chave desse artigo Ã: houve alteraÃÃo na Competitividade de Bancos PÃblicos e Privados em Mercados Locais Brasileiros apÃs o ano 2000? Mais de uma dÃcada se passou e refizemos essa verificaÃÃo para dados de 2010, seguindo Bresnahan e Reiss (1991a), e comparamos com o trabalho de Coelho, Pinho e Rezende (2011). Dada a alta concentraÃÃo no setor bancÃrio, como se comportaria uma simulaÃÃo de fusÃo entre os dois maiores bancos pÃblicos brasileiros? Esse trabalho se divide em 03 (trÃs) artigos. No artigo n 1, verificamos se houve mudanÃa na competitividade em bancos pÃblicos e privados para a dÃcada de 2010. Constatamos mudanÃas significativas, com alteraÃÃo da qualificaÃÃo do custo e do processo de estruturaÃÃo da margem preÃo-custo que nos faz inferir numa mudanÃa na composiÃÃo e de estratÃgias dos bancos pÃblicos e privados em uma nova visÃo competitiva do setor. Os bancos pÃblicos nÃo afetam o comportamento dos bancos privados em mercados locais, mas a exigÃncia de tamanho de mercado para a inserÃÃo de um novo concorrente foi reduzida pela alteraÃÃo da estrutura dos custos e influÃncias de efeitos regionais. E se considerÃssemos o mercado com apenas um banco pÃblico? No artigo n 2, refizemos a anÃlise, considerando a CAIXA como o Ãnico banco pÃblico, e encontramos resultados semelhantes a nossa anÃlise revisional de 2010, a notar mais Ãnfase nos efeitos regionais, tanto na reduÃÃo dos custos pra a regiÃo Norte como na alteraÃÃo negativa nos deslocadores de demanda para as regiÃes Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste, bem como influÃncia praticamente nula do Ãnico banco pÃblico â CAIXA na reduÃÃo dos lucros dos bancos privados. No artigo n 3, apresentamos uma anÃlise de simulaÃÃo de fusÃo no setor bancÃrio brasileiro. O objetivo central foi capturar os efeitos da fusÃo entre o Banco do Brasil e a CAIXA em 12 (doze) segmentos/portifÃlios mais significativos do mercado. Os resultados do equilÃbrio pÃs-fusÃo foram obtidos pelo modelo PCAIDS (Proportionality-Calibrated Almost Ideal Demand System), proposto por Epstein e Rubinfeld (2002), que simula a fusÃo de 02 (duas) empresas em um mercado oligopolizado. Os Resultados do exercÃcio de simulaÃÃo confirmaram os aumentos esperados nos âpreÃosâ dos segmentos. Este resultado à condizente com a expectativa de que as fusÃes implicam em aumentos de preÃos de mercado e, sem ganhos de eficiÃncia econÃmica, podem impor perdas para os consumidores.
In 2008, the world faced an economic crisis that shook the pillars and reliability in the global banking sector. Banks are structured in a defensive process of its asset protection. In Brazil, the federal government encouraged public banks to provide credit in the market, sought to soften the investment leakage effects and cash repatriation in the restructuring of assets. The key question that is: was no change in Competitiveness Public and Private Banks in Local Brazilian markets after 2000? More than a decade has passed and redid this check to 2010 data, following Bresnahan and Reiss (1991a), and compared with Coelho's work, Pinho and Rezende (2011). Given the high concentration in the banking sector, would behave as a simulation of a merger between the two largest Brazilian public banks? This work is divided into 03 (three) articles. In Article 1, we check to see if there was a change in competitiveness in public and private banks for the decade to 2010. We found significant changes, by changing the qualification of the cost and price-cost margin of the structuring process that makes us infer a change in the composition and strategies of public and private banks in a new competitive view of the sector. Public banks will affect the behavior of private banks in local markets, but the market size requirement for the inclusion of a new competitor was reduced by changing the cost structure and influences of regional effects. And if we consider the market with only a public bank? In Article 2, redid the analysis, considering CAIXA as the only state-owned bank, and found similar results to our revisional analysis 2010, noted more emphasis on regional effects, both in reducing costs to the North as in the negative change in demand shifters for the Southeast, South and Midwest, and virtually no influence of the only public bank - CAIXA in reducing the profits of private banks. In Article 3, we present a fusion of simulation analysis in the Brazilian banking sector. The main objective was to capture the effects of the merger between Banco do Brazil and CAIXA in 12 (twelve) segments most significant portfolio in the market. The results of the post-merger balance were obtained by PCAIDS model (Proportionality-Calibrated Almost Ideal Demand System), proposed by Epstein and Rubinfeld (2002), which simulates the merger of 02 (two) companies in an oligopoly market. The results of the simulation exercise confirmed the expected increases in "price" of the segments. This result is consistent with the expectation that mergers entail market price increases and without economic efficiency gains, impose losses to consumers.
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Martiniová, Blanka. "Hodnocení ekonomické efektivnosti veřejného investičního projektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227047.
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This diploma thesis’ aim is to evaluate an economic effectiveness of the particular investment projects in the public sector. It describes theoretical possibilities and methods of evaluating an investment project generally (not only public one). It also deals with ways how to get financial assurance in the area of public investment. The practical part of the thesis contains the assessment of the economic effectiveness of the particular investment projects in the public sector, where theoretical approach given in the first part of this thesis is applied. The economic effectiveness was elaborated both for financial assurance of the project and for alternative funding from EU resources.
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Asp, Annica. "Man har sjungit digitaliseringens lov. : En explorativ studie hur ledning i kommunal sektor beaktar anställdas arbetsmiljö vid implementering av digitala system." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78658.
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Studiens syfte är att utforska om chefer och ledare inom Nacka kommun tar anställdas arbeten och arbetsmiljö i beaktande när digitala system implementeras. Uppsatsen skrivs inom ramen för forskningsprojektet KomDig, vilket är en förkortning av Kommunal och Digital. Målsättningen med studien är att främja den digitala arbetsmiljön. För att få en djupare förståelse för hur ledning inom kommunal sektor beaktar anställdas arbeten och arbetsmiljöer vid införandet av digital teknik används kvalitativ metod. Empirin har hämtats från tolv genomförda intervjuer av ledning samt skyddsombud på olika enheter och avdelningar. Empiri har även hämtats från kommunens hemsida, rapporter samt myndighetsbeslut. De tre första intervjuerna genomfördes via fysiska möten. Coronapandemins spridning medförde att de sista nio intervjuerna fick utföras via Teams eller Zoom. De teoretiska referensramarna organisationsteorin, socio-tekniska skolan samt implementeringsteorin har valts ut för att skapa förståelse för vikten av en organisations uppbyggnad samt värdet i hur digitala system implementeras. För att skapa en begriplighet i vad som krävs för att skapa hanterbarhet samt meningsfullhet vid förändringar som exempelvis digitalisering har modellen för att skapa en känsla av sammanhang KASAM adderats. Studiens resultat påvisar att ledning tar anställdas arbetsmiljö i beaktande vid implementering av digitala system, men att det förekommer skillnader beroende på vilken enhet som granskas. Det finns exempel på tidigare implementeringar där anställda och kunder påverkats negativt samt där kostnaderna skenat iväg. Digitaliseringsenheten, digitaliseringsrådet samt digitaliseringsstrategin indikerar att de är på rätt väg. Viljan att implementera finns hos både ledning och medarbetare, kunnandet och erfarenheterna också genom lång prövotid. Resultatet ger en förståelse för att kommunen skapat möjlighet till överblick över hur samtliga delar påverkas av implementeringen. Detta bådar gott inför kommunens framtida utveckling. Studiens resultat synliggör även att NPM varit förebild till kommunens inriktning på kunder, resultat och effektivitet. Det visar även på att kommunen följer utvecklingen mot e-förvaltning som förespråkas av regeringen.This Master’s thesis research whether managers in Nacka municipality in Sweden consider their employees’ work environment, when implementing new digital systems. The research is written within the framework of a research project called KomDig. KomDig is an acronym in Swedish for Municipal and Digital. The research aims to increase awareness on the digital work environment. A qualitative method has been conducted, to gain a deeper understanding of how management in the municipal sector considers their employee’s working environment, when implementing new digital technology. Empirical data has been collected from twelve interviews with different managers and security officers at various units and departments within Nacka municipality. Empirical data has also been collected from the municipality´s websites, reports and governments documentation. The first three interviews were conducted through physical meetings, and the last nine where conducted through video calls like Teams or Zoom, due to the restrictions during the Corona pandemic. The theoretical framework evolves around the organizational theory, socio-technical approach as well as implementation theory. These theories have been selected to create an understanding of the importance of an organization’s structure when new digital systems are implemented as well as how new systems are implemented. In order to create an understanding of what is essential to maintain manageability and meaningfulness when work environment is changing, such as increased digitalization, the model KASAM has been utilized. KASAM is used to create a sense of coherence to the change of work environment, The research shows that management takes their employees´ work environment into account when implementing digital systems, however, the result shows that there is differences depending on which units that has been reviewed. There are examples of previous implementations where employees and customers have been negatively affected and where costs have radically increased. The newly introduced departments for digitalization along with new strategies for digitalization indicates that they now are on the right track in the way they are implementing new digital systems. Both management and employees are optimistic to continue the implementation together with the strategy for digitalization the result has created a good understanding for the aspects of importance in future implementations, which is promising for the municipality´s future development. The research also shows that NPM contributed to the municipality’s customer focus, results and effectiveness. It also shows that the municipality follows the trend towards increased digitalization in the public sector, which been advocated by the government.
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Kalašová, Hana. "Vliv jednotné sazby daně na efektivnost a spravedlnost." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197477.
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This thesis studies the problem of efficiency and equity in the area tax on personal income. The theoretical part describes the basic definitions related to this topic and the given problem. The practical part of the thesis analyses in details the single tax on personal income in terms of its influence and impact on efficiency and equity in comparison with progressive tax.