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Jiang, Yuanyuan. "Scalable Fabrication of High Efficiency Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells by Electrospray." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101052.
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Perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention both in research and industrial domains. An unprecedented progress in development of hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) has been seen in past few years. The power conversion efficiencies of HPSCs has been improved from 3.8% to 24.2% in less than a decade, rivaling that of silicon solar cells which currently dominate the solar cell market. Hybrid perovskite materials have exceptional opto-electrical properties and can be processed using cost-effective solution-based methods. In contrast, fabrication of silicon solar cells requires high-vacuum, high-temperature, and energy intensive processes. The combination of excellent opto-electrical properties and cost-effective manufacturing makes hybrid perovskite a winning candidate for solar cells.
As power conversion efficiencies of HPSCs improves beyond that of the established solar cell technology and their long-term stability increases, one of the crucial hurdles in the path to commercialization remaining to be adequately addressed is the cost-effective scalable fabrication. Spin-coating is the prevailing method for fabrication of HPSCs in laboratories. However, this technique is limited to small areas and results in excessive material waste. Two types of scalable manufacturing methods have been successfully demonstrated to fabricate HPSCs: (i) meniscus-assisted coating such as doctor-blade coating and slot-die coating; and (ii) dispersed deposition based on the coalescence of individual droplets, such as inkjet printing and spray coating. Electrospray printing belongs to the second category with advantages of high material utilization rate and patterning capability along with the scalability and roll-to-roll compatibility.
In Chapter 3 of this dissertation, electrospray printing process is described for manufacturing of HPSCs in ambient conditions below 150 C. All three functional layers were printed using electrospray printing including perovskite layer, electron transport layer, and hole transport layer. Strategies for successful electrospray printing of HPSCs include formulation of the precursor inks with solvents of low vapor pressures, judicial choice of droplet flight time, and tailoring the wetting property of the substrate to suppress coffee ring effects. Implementation of these strategies leads to pin-hole free, low surface roughness, and uniform perovskite layer, hole transport layer and electron transport layer. The power conversion efficiency of the all electrospray printed device reached up to 15.0%, which is among the highest to date for fully printed HPSCs.
The most efficient HPSCs rely on gold and organic hole-transport materials (HTMs) for achieving high performance. Gold is also chosen for its high stability. Unfortunately, the high price of gold and high-vacuum along with high-temperature processing requirements for gold film is not suitable for the large-scale fabrication of HPSCs. Carbon is a cheap alternative electrode material which is inert to hybrid perovskite layer. Due to the ambipolar transport property of hybrid perovskite, perovskite itself can act as a hole conductor, and the extra hole transport layer can be left out. Carbon films prepared by doctor-blade coating method have been reported as the top electrode in HPSCs. The efficiencies of these devices suffer from the poor interface between the doctor-blade coated carbon and the underlying perovskite layer. In Chapter 4, electrospray printing was applied for the fabrication of carbon films and by optimizing the working distance during electrospray printing, the interface between carbon and the underlying perovskite layer was greatly improved compared to the doctor-blade coated carbon film. The resulting HPSCs based on the electrospray printed carbon electrode achieved higher efficiency than that based on doctor-blade method and remarkably, this performance is close to that of gold based devices.
In Chapter 5, preliminary results are provided on the laser annealing of hybrid perovskite films to further advance their scalable manufacturing. All layers of HPSCs require thermal annealing at temperature over 150 C for about half an hour or longer. The time-consuming conventional thermal annealing complicates the fabrication process and is not suitable for continuous production. High temperature over150 C is also not compatible with flexible substrates such as PET. Laser annealing is a promising method for overcoming these issues. It has several other advantages including compatibility with continuous roll-to-roll printing, minimal influence on non-radiated surrounding area, and rapid processing. Laser annealing can be integrated with the electrospray process to realize the continuous fabrication of hybrid perovskite film. Rapid laser annealing process with optimized power density and scanning pattern is demonstrated here for annealing perovskite films. The resulting hybrid perovskite film is highly-crystalline and pin-hole free, similar to that obtained from conventional thermal annealing.Doctor of Philosophy
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Reimer, Jay Paul. "Motivating Factors for Philanthropy at a Ministry Preparation Graduate Institution." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271886/.
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A qualitative case study was conducted to determine whether major donors to an institution of higher education that existed to prepare ministers and missionaries were perceived by the institution's leaders as motivated by organizational effectiveness, financial efficiency, or evaluations by donor watchdog agencies. The case study was conducted with the Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics. The interview process was utilized to gain information individually from the president, a development consultant, an academic dean, and a former development director. Each participant was asked a series of 19 questions during the interview process. The results indicated that the leaders perceived that organizational effectiveness was a philanthropic motivator for major donors and measured it by the accomplishments of those who were trained at the institution. The results also indicated that the ministry preparation institution's leaders perceived financial efficiency to provide philanthropic motivation to major donors, though to a lesser degree than organizational effectiveness, and measured it by stewardship of funds. The results further indicated that the ministry preparation institution's leaders perceived that donor watchdog agency evaluations, specifically those of the Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability and Guidestar, provided philanthropic motivation for major donors. Additional research recommendations included studying how to report about organizational effectiveness in a manner meeting the needs of major donors and what motivates major donors of other education and nonprofit organizations, organizational effectiveness and/or financial efficiency.
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Augustyniak, Mateusz. "Preparation, characterisation and optimization of blocking layers for improving efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/98956/.
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This study explored and described deposition of titanium oxide thin films as blocking layers in dye-sensitized solar cells using the pulsed laser deposition technique. This technique facilitates precise control of deposition conditions that were manipulated to prepare titanium oxide thin films. The electrical, optical and structural properties of the deposited films were investigated and their dependence on these conditions was studied. The key task of the research was to incorporate the deposited films into the structure of dye-sensitized solar cells in order to improve their efficiency that is adversely effected by electron-hole recombination at the interface of transparent conductive oxide and electrolyte. The titanium oxide thin films were successfully grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass that was used to fabricate the dye-sensitized solar cells. The photovoltaic parameters of the prepared dye-sensitized solar cells were studied using current-voltage characterization method. Influence of blocking layer deposition conditions on dye-sensitized solar cell performance was investigated. Correlation between the optical and electrical properties of deposited titanium oxide blocking layers and the performance of fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells as a function of the thin film deposition conditions was found. Based on that, region of optimal deposition conditions of this type of blocking layers for improving efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells can be found.
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Chanlek, Narong. "Quantum efficiency lifetime studies using the photocathode preparation experimental facility developed for the ALICE Accelerator." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/quantum-efficiency-lifetime-studies-using-the-photocathode-preparation-experimental-facility-developed-for-the-alice-accelerator(197791f0-518e-4257-aa0e-04f9942b4110).html.
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This thesis describes the development of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) photocathode preparation facility (PPF) with a load-lock interface as part of an upgrade to the ALICE photo-injector electron gun. The PPF has the capacity to prepare up to six negative electron affinity (NEA) GaAs photocathodes, and permits the rapid and reliable replacement of the degraded photocathode in the gun, while maintaining the integrity of the gun vacuum system. The photocathode preparation has been studied and developed using a custum-built surface characterisation system which permitsthe preparation of NEA GaAs photocathode in conjunction with the application ofseveral surface science characterisation techniques within the same vacuum system. With GaAs/AlGaAs hetero-structure photocathodes designed and developed in collaboration with the Institute of Semiconductor Physics (ISP/Novosibirsk), quantum efficiencies (QE) of 15 - 19% at 635 nm and long lifetimes of the order of 6,800 hours are achieved in a reproducible way. Using the PPF, I have investigated the degradation in the QE of NEA GaAs photocathodes under exposures to gases typically present in the gun vacuum, namely O2, CO2, CO, H2, CH4 and N2. The effects of these gases on the NEA GaAs photocathodes have been demonstrated for the firrst time in a vacuum set-up with a base pressure in 10E-11 mbar range. It was found that H2, CH4 and N2 have no effect on the photocathodes lifetime, whilst substantial reductions of the QE have been observed during the exposures to O2, CO2 and CO. It was also demonstrated for the first time that the NEA GaAs photocathode activated with Cs and NF3 is more stable during CO2 and CO exposures than the photocathode activated with Cs and O2.
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Pacheco, Edson Sandri. "Uma análise comparativa do custo efetivo total da mão de obra terceirizada contratada pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul versus o custo estimado no mercado de trabalho geral." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132995.
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O trabalho visou dimensionar e comparar o custo pago pela mão de obra terceirizada para as atividades de apoio pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) e o custo estimado desta mão de obra no mercado de trabalho, para qualificar e verificar o grau de dissonância entre ambos. Também foram analisados fatores não financeiros envolvidos, pois impactaram o custo final da mão de obra terceirizada para a Universidade. A proposta de uma avaliação da realidade operacional e financeira do cenário da terceirização contribui positivamente para a busca da eficiência da administração pública. A primeira parte relata sucintamente a formação dos Estados Nacionais até a atualidade. Após se analisa o contexto atual da organização da força de trabalho pública no Brasil, a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988. A terceira parte analisa a realidade gerencial e financeira de dois contratos, relevantes pela abrangência e valores, da mão de obra terceirizada contratada. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a necessidade do estabelecimento de uma evolução na administração, que poderá vir a ser o projeto de uma carreira pública celetista para as atividades de apoio. A terceirização, que surgiu como uma alternativa para a administração pública no passado recente, pode e deve ser vista como uma etapa dentro de um processo contínuo de busca da eficiência administrativa.This research has sought to measure and compare the costs paid to outsourced labor for support activities by the “Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul” (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul) (UFRGS) and the estimated costs for that same labor in the registered work regime market, in order to qualify and verify the range of dissonance between both. Involved non-financial factors have also been analyzed, as they impact the final cost of outsourced labor for the University. The purpose of an operational and financial reality evaluation of the outsourced scenario contributed positively to the seeking of efficiency of public administration. The first part reports succinctly on the preparation of the National States up to the present. Afterwards, the current context of the organization of the public labor force in Brazil is analyzed, based on the Federal Constitution of 1988. The third part analyzes the managerial and financial reality of both labor contacts, relevant by their scope and charges for subcontracted outsourced labor. The obtained findings demonstrate the necessity for establishing evolution in administration, which could become a project of a registered work regime public career of support activities. Outsourcing, which has arisen as an alternative for public administration in the recent past, can and must be viewed as a step in the continual process seeking administrative efficiency.
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Wilson, Jonathan Wesley. "Preparation of brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles from bovine intestine for nutrient uptake studies." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101336.
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Brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles were isolated by subjecting homogenized mucosal cells from bovine small intestine to a divalent cation aggregation followed by a series of differential and density gradient centrifugations. Membrane marker enzyme assays were used to monitor the effectiveness of the fractionation procedure. Enrichments were determined by comparing the enzyme specific activities of the membrane fractions to the homogenate. Sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase served as the enzyme markers for the basolateral and brush border membranes, respectively. Basolateral membrane vesicles enriched 11.1 fold were isolated from the interface of the 31 and 34% sucrose bands of a discontinuous sucrose gradient. Brush border membranes enriched 10.1 fold were isolated from the surface of the 28% sucrose band of a discontinuous sucrose gradient. The use of frozen rather than fresh mucosal tissue in the isolation procedures was found to enhance the purification of basolateral and brush border membrane fractions.
The transport capabilities of vesicles were demonstrated by incubating vesicles with radiolabeled substrate, then separating the vesicles and transported substrate from the incubation buffer by filtration. Substrate uptakes were quantified by liquid scintillation counting. Basolateral membrane vesicles were observed to accumulate substrate into an osmotically active space and to have Na⁺-dependent alanine transport capabilities. The use of basolateral and brush border membrane vesicles as tools to investigate nutrient uptake allows the investigator to manipulate both the extravesicular and intravesicular environments, thus making possible the evaluation of the complex interactions which are involved in nutrient transport mechanisms.M.S.
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Xie, Haibing. "Preparation of high efficiency Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4solar cells based on a single-step sulfo-selenization process." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400605.
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Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) kesterite semiconductors have been proposed as a potential medium to long term replacement of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) chalcopyrites for sustainable cost-efficient thin film technologies compatible with mass deployment at Terawatt level, being only constituted by elements abundant in the earth crust in contrast with the scarce Indium in CIGS. In this thesis, high efficiency CZTSSe solar cells were fabricated based on a single-step sulfo-selenization process. CZTSSe absorbers with optimal S/(S+Se) ratio, minimized Zn(S,Se) secondary phases in the interfaces, and good crystal quality were achieved through systematically fine tuning of various processing parameters during thermal treatments. The thermodynamic equilibrium of the single-step sulfo-selenization process was also analysed to elucidate the impact of different parameters on the thin films S/(S+Se) ratio. Besides, to address the big challenge of secondary phases in CZTSSe solar cells, an innovative (NH4)2S etching was developed for the selective and effective removal of Sn-(S,Se) secondary phases. This (NH4)2S etching can also passivate the absorber surface and a passivation mechanism was proposed to explain this behaviour. To further improve the efficiency of the CZTSSe solar cells, the CZTSSe/CdS interface was focused and engineered. Na spatial distribution in the CZTSSe/CdS interface region was optimized by a post low temperature treatment process (PLTT), leading to considerable enhancement of the performance of CZTSSe solar cells. An innovative Na dynamics model was established to illustrate the Na in-depth profiles. In addition, Cu doped CdS was investigated to reduce the thickness of CdS while keeping the comparable performance of the kesterite devices, which provides new possibilities to address the Cd concern. Finally, to suppress the CZTSSe/CdS interface recombination and reduce the Voc deficit of the CZTSSe solar cells, a facile wet chemical route based on AlCl3/GaCl3 + thioacetamide solutions were developed. The Voc and efficiency improvement after the chemical treatments can be mainly ascribed to the decrease of interface recombination and shunt paths. A champion CZTSSe solar cell with 9.1% efficiency and FF over 69% was achieved after all these processing optimizations (no ARC). This demonstrates that the single-step sulfo-selenization methodology is promising and feasible for obtaining high efficiency CZTSSe solar cells. selenization methodology is promising and feasible for obtaining high efficiency CZTSSe solar cells.Las Kesteritas (Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 o CZTSSe) están llamadas a sustituir a las calcopiritas (Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 o CIGS) como tecnología fotovoltaica de película fina ya que están formadas únicamente por elementos abundantes en la corteza terrestre. En esta tesis, se han fabricado células solares de CZTSSe de alta eficiencia mediante un proceso de sulfo-selenización de un solo paso. Se ha conseguido obtener absorbedores CZTSSe con una ratio S/(S+Se) óptima, un contenido reducido de fases secundarias Zn(S,Se) interfaciales y una calidad cristalina alta a través de la optimización de los parámetros involucrados en los tratamientos térmicos. También se ha realizado un análisis del equilibrio termodinámico durante el proceso de sulfo-selenización para discernir el impacto de dichos parámetros en la ratio final S/(S+Se) de las películas de CZTSSe. Además, se ha abordado la importantísima cuestión de las fases secundarias en las células solares de CZTSSe mediante el desarrollo de un ataque químico con (NH4)2S para la eliminación selectiva de las fases secundarias Sn(S, Se). Se ha comprobado que este ataque químico también tiene efectos pasivantes en la superficie del absorbedor y se propuso un mecanismo para explicar este comportamiento. También se ha llevado a cabo una modificación de la interfaz CZTSSe/CdS optimizando la distribución espacial de Na a través de un proceso post-recocido a baja temperatura que ha conducido a una mejora sustancial del funcionamiento de las células solares. Se propuso un modelo para explicar los perfiles de Na observados. Adicionalmente, se ha investigado el dopaje con Cu de la capa búfer de CdS para reducir su espesor manteniendo un rendimiento similar de los dispositivos fotovoltaicos y minimizar los problemas relacionados con el uso de Cd. Finalmente, se ha desarrollado un tratamiento químico húmedo basado en AlCl3/GaCl3+tioacetamida para reducir la recombinación en la interfaz CZTSSe/CdS mejorando el Voc y la eficiencia de los dispositivos fotovoltaicos. Todo ello, ha conducido a la obtención de una célula solar récord de CZTSSe con un 9.1% de eficiencia y un FF por encima del 69% que demuestra que la sulfo-selenización de un solo paso es una manera viable y prometedora para obtener células solares de CZTSSe de alta eficiencia.
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Hara, Takeshi [Verfasser]. "Study on preparation and characterization of monolithic silica capillary columns for high separation efficiency in high performance liquid chromatography / Takeshi Hara." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1064991351/34.
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Nimer, Refat [Verfasser], and Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Schlüter. "Efficiency of tissue homogenization via picosecond infrared Laser (PIRL) and mechanical homogenization as sample preparation step for proteomics / Refat Nimer ; Betreuer: Hartmut Schlüter." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1128310279/34.
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Pirani, Parisa. "Surface-Engineered Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sample Preparation and Analysis of Proteins and Peptides." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2012.
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Sample preparation as an essential step in mass spectrometry-based analysis, plays a critical role in proteomics studies. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in protein and peptide sample preparation due to their magnetic properties, biocompatibility, easy synthesis and surface functionalization. MNPs loaded with analyte or analyte modification reagent can be easily separated from the reaction medium by an externally applied magnetic field. The small size of MNPs provides high analyte loading and extraction capacity. Additionally, MNP can be decorated with different functional groups to achieve selective modification or extraction of analyte. In this study we have utilized silica coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs) for protein and peptide sample preparation.
Fluorescence-based methods were utilized for quantitative and qualitative characterization of N-hydrosucccinimidyl (NHS) ester groups on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs. Fluorophore Dansylcadaverine was conjugated to NHS ester functional groups. Fluorometric measurement of cleaved dansylcadaveine was employed to determine the number of NHS ester groups per MNPs that was found to be 2.6 × 102 and 3.4 × 103for 20 nm and 100 nm Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPrespectively. The efficiency of labeling native bovine serum albumin (BSA) by NHS ester coated Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs was also explored in terms of maximizing the number of MNPs conjugated per BSA molecule or maximizing the number of BSA molecules conjugated per each MNP.
Lysine residues of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) on the surface of intact human low density lipoprotein (LDL) were labeled by NHS ester modified Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs in aqueous solvents at room temperature. The MNP labeledapoB-100 was treated by SDS to remove lipids and then digested using trypsin. Tryptic peptides were eluted from MNPs by cleaving disulfide linkage between labeled peptides and MNPs. LC-MS/MS analysis found 28 peptides containing labeled lysine residues. These lysine residues should be on the solvent exposed surface of LDL since the large size of MNPs prevents contact of the labeling reagent to those lysines embedded inside the structure of LDL.
TCEP- immobilized Fe3O4@SiO2MNPs were fabricated and utilized for reduction of disulfide bonds in bovine pancreas insulin and two different cyclic peptides. Disulfide bonds were efficiently cleaved at room temperature in both organic and aqueous solvents confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis of reduced/alkylated protein and peptides. Disulfide reduction and alkylation reactions was performed in one step and the reducing agent was simply separated from peptide and protein solution by magnetic separation.
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Круглік, Л. В. "Підвищення продуктивності сої за ресурсозберігаючої технології в ТОВ «Дніпрове»." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23167.
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Круглік, Л. В. Підвищення продуктивності сої за ресурсозберігаючої технології в ТОВ «Дніпрове» : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 201 "Агрономія" / Л. В. Круглік ; керівник роботи Г. І. Рябуха ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра аграрних технологій та лісового господарства. – Чернігів, 2021. – 53 с.У роботі описані сучасний стан та технології вирощування сої господарства ТОВ «Дніпрове». Досліджені кліматичні умови регіону, ґрунтові ресурси. На основі зібраних та вивчених даних запропоновані додаткові методи підвищення врожаю та зменшення фінансових витрат за рахунок заміни добрива Вуксал Мікроплант у підживленні на Карбамід. В процесі проведення досліджень поглиблено вивчено роль штаму Bradyrhizobium japonicum бактеріального препарату Ризогуміну на активізацію ростових процесів, процесу фотосинтезу, азотфіксації рослин і накопичення поживних речовин у ґрунті, заходи щодо запобігання поширенню хвороб завдяки інокуляції насіння і обприскування посівів, які пов’язані з проходженням у рослин сої фаз росту і розвитку під впливом природних умов та елементів технології вирощування.
The work describes the current state and technologies for growing soybean in LLC Dneprovo. The climatic conditions of the region, soil resources were investigated. Based on the collected and studied data, additional methods are proposed to increase the harvest and reduce financial costs by replacing Vuksal Microplant fertilizer in feed with Carbamide. In the process of research, the role of the strain Bradyrhizobium japonicum of the bacterial preparation Rizogumin was studied to activate growth processes, the process of photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation of plants and the accumulation of nutrients in the soil, measures to prevent the spread of diseases due to seed inoculation and spraying crops.
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Щерба, А. Ю. "Агроекономічний аналіз рослинницької галузі ПСП «Колос» с. Рибинськ та заходи поліпшення вирощування озимої пшениці." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/20099.
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Щерба, А. Ю. Агроекономічний аналіз рослинницької галузі ПСП «Колос» с. Рибинськ та заходи поліпшення вирощування озимої пшениці : дипломна робота : 201 Агрономія / А. Ю. Щерба ; керівник роботи Локоть О. Ю.; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра аграрних технологій та лісового господарства. – Чернігів, 2020. – 62 с.Основна мета: оцінити стан рослинницької галузі господарства та детальне дослідження озимої пшениці. Предметом дослідження в дипломній роботі є технологія вирощування озимої пшениці, а також запропоновані заходи поліпшення. У дипломній роботі описується значення озимої пшениці для сільського господарства та стан вирощування досліджуваної культури в Україні. Надаються необхідні дані про розташування господарства, ґрунтовокліматичні умови та стан технології вирощування у господарстві. Значна увага приділяється технології вирощування озимої пшениці та заходам по поліпшенню вирощування. Описується економічна ефективність вирощування озимої пшениці та надаються економічні показники заходів з поліпшення технології вирощування.
The main purpose: to assess the state of the crop industry and a detailed study of winter wheat. The subject of research in the thesis is the technology of growing winter wheat, as well as the proposed improvement measures. The thesis describes the importance of winter wheat for agriculture and the state of cultivation of the studied crop in Ukraine. Necessary data on the location of the farm, soil and climatic conditions and the state of cultivation technology on the farm are provided. Considerable attention is paid to the technology of growing winter wheat and measures to improve cultivation. The economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation is described and economic indicators of measures to improve cultivation technology are provided
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Persson, Tomas. "Combined solar and pellet heating systems for single-family houses : How to achieve decreased electricity usage, increased system efficiency and increased solar gains." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4204.
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Романовський, Олександр Георгійович. "Теоретичні і методичні основи підготовки інженера у вищому навчальному закладі до майбутньої управлінської діяльності." Thesis, Інститут педагогіки і психології професійної освіти АПН України, 2001. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/23394.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора педагогічних наук за спеціальністю 13.00.04 – теорія і методика професійної освіти. – Інститут педагогіки і психології професійної освіти АПН України, Київ, 2001. Дисертація містить дослідження теоретико-методологічних, організаційних і навчально-методичних аспектів підготовки студентів технічних університетів до майбутньої управлінської діяльності. З урахуванням результатів аналізу структури і соціально-психологічних особливостей професійної діяльності сучасного інженера-керівника та світового досвіду підготовки управлінських кадрів запропоновано методологічні основи педагогічної системи такої підготовки і обґрунтовано її концепцію. Визначено та експериментально підтверджено цілі, принципи й умови ефективного функціонування педагогічної системи. Створено комплекс методичного забезпечення навчально-виховного процесу управлінської підготовки інженерів, яке сприяє реалізації діяльнісно-особистісного підходу.Thesis for the degree of the Doctor pedagogical sciences on a speciality 13.00.04 - the theory and a technique of vocational training. - Institute of pedagogics and psychology of vocational training of the Academy of Pedagogical sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 2001. The thesis contains research of theoretical, methodological and organizational and methodical aspects of training of students of technical universities to the future administrative activity. In view of results of the analysis of structure and social - psychological features of professional work of the modern engineer-head and world experience of training of the administrative staff methodological bases of pedagogical system of such training are offered and its concept is proved. It is determined and the purposes, principles and conditions of effective functioning of pedagogical system are experimentally confirmed. The complex of methodical maintenance of teaching and educational process of administrative training of the engineers, promoting realization of activity and personal approaches is created.
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Newborough, Marcus. "Energy-efficient cooking systems, food preparation facilities, and human diets." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4240.
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This thesis aims at identifying the opportunities for saving energy, which
are available to those working within the final link of the UK food system
(i. e. at, or in relation to, the points of consumption). Substantial
prospective savings exist, because relatively little attention has, as
yet, been given to energy-thrift in food-preparation facilities. Within
the food-service industry, cooking systems are characterised by high
thermal capacities, excessive external surface temperatures and
poorly-designed control systems. Catering staff, who use such appliances,
are rarely trained to use energy wisely when preparing foods, and kitchens
(and their associated dining facilities) tend to be designed without
sufficient regard to energy-thrift. Similar problems prevail in domestic
kitchens, but to a lesser extent because the cooks there usually pay (or
contribute towards) the fuel bills. However, manufacturers still provide
household appliances, which are unnecessarily energy-profligate.
Furthermore most people have insufficient knowledge of the nutritional
suitabilities and the primary-energy costs of their diets. Thus a major
educational need exists, which must be satisfied if industrialised food
systems are to become more energy efficient. This thesis attempts to make
a contribution to this requirement, by analysing cooking systems,
food-preparation facilities, kitchen operatives, and human diets from an
energy-thrift perspective. Long-term savings (i. e. those achieved as a
result of implementing the recommendations within a 15-year period) of
approximately £1O p. a. (at 1987 prices) are predicted, although this
could be increased substantially if Britons adopt more energy-efficient,
yet nutritionally-balanced, diets.
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Kocandová, Karolína. "Provozní účinnosti zdrojů tepla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371990.
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The topic of the diploma thesis is the operational efficiency of heat sources . The thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part a theoretical solution of the heat sources efficiency can be found. In the second part there is a calculation solution of the project. The project solves the heating of a football stadium. Two variants of the heating source and warm water preparation are suggested and the variants are consequently compared and evaluated. The last part is experimental - the topic of the experiment is the efficiency of heat sources.
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Ankerfors, Mikael. "Microfibrillated cellulose : Energy-efficient preparation techniques and key properties." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Fiberteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102949.
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This work describes three alternative processes for producing microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) in which pulp fibres are first pre-treated and then homogenized using a high-pressure homogenizer. In one process, fibre cell wall delamination was facilitated with a combined enzymatic and mechanical pre-treatment. In the two other processes, cell wall delamination was facilitated by pre-treatments that introduced anionically charged groups into the fibre wall, by means of either a carboxymethylation reaction or irreversibly attaching carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) onto the fibres. All three processes are industrially feasible and enable production with low energy consumption. Using these methods, MFC can be produced with an energy consumption of 500–2300 kWh/tonne, which corresponds to a 91–98% reduction in energy consumption from that presented in earlier studies. These materials have been characterized in various ways and it has been demonstrated that the produced MFCs are approximately 5–30 nm wide and up to several microns long.QC 20120928
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Lundin, Sverker. "Methods to Prepare DNA for Efficient Massive Sequencing." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Genteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105116.
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Massive sequencing has transformed the field of genome biology due to the continuous introduction and evolution of new methods. In recent years, the technologies available to read through genomes have undergone an unprecedented rate of development in terms of cost-reduction. Generating sequence data has essentially ceased to be a bottleneck for analyzing genomes instead to be replaced by limitations in sample preparation and data analysis. In this work, new strategies are presented to increase both the throughput of library generation prior to sequencing, and the informational content of libraries to aid post-sequencing data processing. The protocols developed aim to enable new possibilities for genome research concerning project scale and sequence complexity. The first two papers that underpin this thesis deal with scaling library production by means of automation. Automated library preparation is first described for the 454 sequencing system based on a generic solid-phase polyethylene-glycol precipitation protocol for automated DNA handling. This was one of the first descriptions of automated sample handling for producing next generation sequencing libraries, and substantially improved sample throughput. Building on these results, the use of a double precipitation strategy to replace the manual agarose gel excision step for Illumina sequencing is presented. This protocol considerably improved the scalability of library construction for Illumina sequencing. The third and fourth papers present advanced strategies for library tagging in order to multiplex the information available in each library. First, a dual tagging strategy for massive sequencing is described in which two sets of tags are added to a library to trace back the origins of up to 4992 amplicons using 122 tags. The tagging strategy takes advantage of the previously automated pipeline and was used for the simultaneous sequencing of 3700 amplicons. Following that, an enzymatic protocol was developed to degrade long range PCR-amplicons and forming triple-tagged libraries containing information of sample origin, clonal origin and local positioning for the short-read sequences. Through tagging, this protocol makes it possible to analyze a longer continuous sequence region than would be possible based on the read length of the sequencing system alone. The fifth study investigates commonly used enzymes for constructing libraries for massive sequencing. We analyze restriction enzymes capable of digesting unknown sequences located some distance from their recognition sequence. Some of these enzymes have previously been extensively used for massive nucleic acid analysis. In this first high throughput study of such enzymes, we investigated their restriction specificity in terms of the distance from the recognition site and their sequence dependence. The phenomenon of slippage is characterized and shown to vary significantly between enzymes. The results obtained should favor future protocol development and enzymatic understanding. Through these papers, this work aspire to aid the development of methods for massive sequencing in terms of scale, quality and knowledge; thereby contributing to the general applicability of the new paradigm of sequencing instruments.QC 20121126
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Reber, Stefan. "New efficient methods for the preparation of natural product derivatives /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17021.
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Ankerfors, Mikael. "Microfibrillated cellulose: Energy-efficient preparation techniques and applications in paper." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fiberteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159222.
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This work describes three alternative processes for producing microfibrillated cellulose (MFC; also referred to as cellulose nanofibrils, CNF) in which bleached pulp fibres are first pretreated and then homogenized using a high-pressure homogenizer. In one process, fibre cell wall delamination was facilitated by a combined enzymatic and mechanical pretreatment. In the two other processes, cell wall delamination was facilitated by pretreatments that introduced anionically charged groups into the fibre wall, by means of either a carboxymethylation reaction or irreversibly attaching carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to the fibres. All three processes are industrially feasible and enable energy-efficient production of MFC. Using these processes, MFC can be produced with an energy consumption of 500–2300 kWh/tonne. These materials have been characterized in various ways and it has been demonstrated that the produced MFCs are approximately 5–30 nm wide and up to several microns long. The MFCs were also evaluated in a number of applications in paper. The carboxymethylated MFC was used to prepare strong free-standing barrier films and to coat wood-containing papers to improve the surface strength and reduce the linting propensity of the papers. MFC, produced with an enzymatic pretreatment, was also produced at pilot scale and was studied in a pilot-scale paper making trial as a strength agent added at the wet-end for highly filled papers.QC 20150126
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Doležal, Lukáš. "Provozní účinnosti zdrojů tepla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392150.
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The topic of this diploma thesis is the operational efficiency of heat sources. The work had several goals. The first was to determine the efficiency of the wood boiler according to available calculation methods and to compare the methods among them. The second was to determine the difference in the performance of the flue gas analyzer and the real calculation. Further, to determine the efficiency of a boiler firing different wood species - spruce and hornbeam based on their properties and elemental composition. Experimental measurement of various operating states of effectiveness took place in an older two-generation family house, which was also the subject of the project part. Due to lack of project documentation, it was necessary to focus and plot the object. Afterwards, the building was thermally inspected and the design of the heating system and the reconstruction of the whole heating system was carried out. The project was developed in two variants for two different heat sources - a heat pump and a solid fuel boiler for heating and water preparation. The thesis deals with the technical report, the conceptual solution of the related professions, the evaluation of the heat source variants and the project documentation.
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Vernaz-Gris, Pierre. "Preparation of large cold atomic ensembles and applications in efficient light-matter interfacing." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS060/document.
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Cette thèse de doctorat en co-tutelle a été centrée sur des expériences d’optique quantique faisant intervenir de grands ensembles atomiques. L’étude de l’interaction entre la lumière et la matière et l’augmentation de leur couplage dans ces systèmes sont des étapes fondamentales pour le développement et l’amélioration de protocoles de génération, de stockage et de manipulation d’information quantique. Le travail de thèse exposé ici traite en particulier de l’évolution des techniques de préparation d’ensembles atomiques denses, des protocoles de lumière arrêtée et de lumière stationnaire développés et étudiés expérimentalement. Les ensembles d’atomes froids préparés par refroidissement laser dans les deux réalisations expérimentales ont été portés jusqu’à des épaisseurs optiques de plusieurs centaines, à des températures d’une dizaine de microkelvin. De plus, l’adressage de ces ensembles dans des configurations symétriques ont permis l’étude de protocoles basés sur le renversement temporel de la conversion de lumière en excitations atomiques collectives. Ces améliorations ont mené au stockage de bits quantiques par transparence induite électromagnétiquement, et de lumière cohérente par symétrie temporelle dans une mémoire Raman, tous deux à des record d’efficacité, à de plus de 50%. Ce travail a également conduit à l’étude expérimentale de la lumière stationnaire et de nouveaux protocoles en découlantThis cotutelle PhD thesis revolves around quantum optics experiments which involve large atomic ensembles. The study of light-matter interaction and its enhancement are crucial steps in the development and progress of quantum information generation, storage and processing protocols. The work presented here focuses on the evolution of large atomic ensemble preparation techniques, on the development and experimental investigation of stopped and stationary light protocols. Laser-cooled atomic ensembles in both experimental realisations have been brought to optical depths of a few hundreds, at temperatures of tens of microkelvin. Moreover, addressing these ensembles in symmetric configurations has enabled the study of protocols based on the temporal reversal of the mapping of light to collective atomic excitations. These enhancements have led to the storage of qubits based on electromagnetically-induced transparency, and the optical storage in a backward-retrieval Raman scheme, both demonstrating efficiency records, above 50%. This work has also led to the experimental investigation of stationary light and new protocols based on it
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Nording, Malin. "Rapid sample preparation and bioanalytical techniques for efficient screening of organic pollutants in the environment." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-842.
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Large numbers of samples often need to be prepared and analysed in surveys of organic pollutants in the environment, but while the methods commonly used in such surveys can provide abundant detail they are generally costly, time-consuming and require large amounts of resources, so there is a need for simpler techniques. The work underlying this thesis assessed the potential utility of more convenient sample preparation and bioanalytical techniques for rapidly screening various environmental matrices that could be useful complements to higher resolution methods. Initially, the utility of a simplified extraction technique followed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in authentic (i.e. unspiked) contaminated soils was explored. The results showed that there are relationships between the structure and cross-reactivity among compounds that often co-occur with target PAHs. However, their potential contribution to deviations between estimates of total PAH contents of soils obtained using ELISA and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based reference methods were limited. Instead, the cross-reactivity of target PAHs and the failure to extract all of the PAHs prior to the ELISA determinations were the main reasons for these deviations. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were detected in food and feed matrices, as well as in authentic contaminated soils using different bioanalytical techniques – ELISA and two cell-based bioassays: CAFLUX and CALUX (chemically activated fluorescent/luciferase gene expression) assays. In addition, enhanced sample preparation techniques based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) were developed. ASE with integrated carbon fractionation (ASE-C) in combination with CAFLUX produced estimates of PCDD and PCDF contents in fish oil and fish meal that agreed well with results obtained using reference methods. Furthermore, results from ELISA and GC-high resolution MS analyses of extracts of PCDD- and PCDF-contaminated soil samples obtained using an adjusted ASE-C technique were strongly correlated. Finally, the thesis reports the first experiments in which the results of CAFLUX, CALUX, and ELISA determinations of PCDDs and PCDFs in extracts of authentic contaminated soil samples were evaluated and compared to those obtained using a reference method. All of the bioanalytical techniques were found to be sufficiently sensitive, selective, and accurate for use in screening in compliance with soil quality assessment criteria. Overall, the improved sample preparation and bioanalytical techniques examined proved to be useful potential complements to conventional methods, enhancing the analytical framework for PAHs, PCDDs, and PCDFs. However, further validation has to be undertaken before they are applied on a large-scale.
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Nording, Malin L. "Rapid sample preparation and bioanalytical techniques for efficient screening of organic pollutants in the environment /." Umeå : Department of Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-842.
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Grassberger, Lena [Verfasser]. "Towards cost-efficient preparation of nanoporous materials: formation kinetics, process optimization and material characterization / Lena Grassberger." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1100968482/34.
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Vích, Pavel. "Účinnost rozvodů tepla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227296.
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This diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of heat loss of heating distribution in the industrial area. The aim of this labor is to determine heat loss heat distribution kept in non manholed canal and evaluate economic return to build a local source of heat for the office building. For this building is in two variants resolve the reconstruction of the existing heating system. For the first variant is designed the local gas condensing boiler and for second variant existing central heat source. The experimental part of this labor compares the measured and calculated values of boundary conditions of hot-water pipes kept in non manholed canal.
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Chang, Liang. "Sustainable Transformations of Methyl Coumalate : efficient Preparations of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids, 2HPyrans, Trifluoromethyl Benzenes and Fluorescents Molecules." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS109.
Full textAbstract:
Dans ce travail, nous décrivons le développement de nouvelles transformations utilisant le coumalate de méthyle, composé renouvelable biosourcé. Un couplage double séquentiel d'alkyl-alkyle ou d'alkyl-hydrure one-pot conduit à des acides insaturés d’intérêt. Nous décrivons une synthèse efficace de 2H-pyranes tétrasubstitués dans des conditions douces, puis nous décrivons une réaction efficace et sans solvant avec des dicétones trifluorométhylées, pour conduire à des benzènes trifluorométhylés. Enfin, nous avons rapporté une nouvelle stratégie générale de réaction de désaromatisation de composés hétérocycliques de type pyrido [1, 2-a] bicycliquesIn this work, we have described the development of new transformations using bio-based renewable methyl coumalate as feedstock. An iron and copper catalyzed one-pot sequential double alkyl-alkyl or alkyl-hydride 1,6-addition with methyl coumalate was described. We then described an efficient synthesis of tetrasubstituted 2H-pyrans under mild condition. Later we reported a solvent-free reaction of methyl coumalate with trifluoromethyl-β-diketones, in a tBuOK-catalyzed domino sequence. A novel reaction, for efficient C-C bond formation between the bio-based methyl coumalate and a variety of imines and aldehydes via MBH pathway was reported. Finally, we reported a novel, general dearomatization strategy with an unprecedented pyrido[1, 2-a] fused heterocyclic scope
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Tolstov, A. "Preparation of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Based Composites Filled with Biocompatible Nanoparticulate Silver Containing Fillers for Highly Efficient Bactericidal Materials." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35421.
Full textAbstract:
Polymer composites based on poly(vinyl alcohol) filled with silver nanoparticles containing biocompatible
fillers, such as silica and hydroxyapatite, have been prepared and tested for potential antimicrobial application.
An effect of silver content on the properties of prepared polymer composites was evaluated. The
results show that defined bactericidal activity of the elaborated materials was observed silver nanoparticles
concentration of 61 ppm.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35421
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Kadam, Ankur. "PREPARATION OF EFFICIENT CUIN1-XGAXSE2-YSY/CDS THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS BY OPTIMIZING THE MOLYBDENUM BACK CONTACT AND USING DIETHYL." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4230.
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High efficiency CuIn1-xGaxSe2-ySy (CIGSS)/CdS thin-film solar cells were prepared by optimizing the Mo back contact layer and optimizing the parameters for preparing CIGSS absorber layer using diethylselenide as selenium source. The Mo film was sputter deposited on 2.5 cm x 10 cm soda-lime glass using DC magnetron sputtering for studying the adhesion and chemical reactivity with selenium and sulfur containing gas at maximum film growth temperature. Mo being a refractory material develops stresses, nature of which depends on the deposition power and argon pressure. It was found that the deposition sequence with two tensile stressed layers deposited at 200W and 5 x 10-3 Torr argon pressure when sandwiched between three compressively stressed layers deposited at 300 W power and 0.3 x 10-3 Torr argon pressure had the best adhesion, limited reactivity and compact nature. An organo-metallic compound, diethylselenide (DESe) was developed as selenium precursor to prepare CIGSS absorber layers. Metallic precursors Cu-In-Ga layers were annealing in the conventional furnace in the temperature range of 475oC to 515 oC and in the presence of a dilute DESe atmosphere. The films were grown in an indium rich regime. Systematic approaches lead to the optimization of each step involved in the preparation of the absorber layer. Initial experiments were focused on obtaining the range of maximum temperatures required for the growth of the film. The following experiments included optimization of soaking time at maximum temperature, quantity of metallic precursor, and amount of sodium in terms of NaF layer thickness required for selenization. The absorber surface was coated with a 50 to 60 nm thick layer of CdS as hetero-junction partner by chemical bath deposition. A window bi-layer of i:ZnO/ZnO:Al was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. The thickness of i:ZnO was increased to reduce the shunt resistance to improve open circuit voltage. The cells were completed by depositing a Cr/Ag front contact by thermal evaporation. Efficiencies greater than 13% was achieved on glass substrates. The performance of the cells was co-related with the material properties.Ph.D.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science and Engineering
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Rejsa, Vojtěch. "Provozní účinnost kotlů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409873.
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This work deals with the determination of the operational efficiency of solid fules boilers for their inclusion in the relevant emission class according to ČSN EN 303-5. Two steel boilers of the same manufacturer, type and performance but of different ages, were measured. The experimental measurments in the real operation of the boilers were carrien out during the combustion of two types of fuels, namely brown coal and spruce wood.The operational efficiency of the monitored sources was calculated from the measured data using both direct and undirect methods. The found efficiency of the boilers corresponds to the expected values, due to their construction, age and the way of using individual components and regulations. In the project part of this work there is a proposal of heating of the family house for the condition of the building before and after the insulation. The calculation was made for the solid fuel boiler and heat pump. The building is heated by radiators and floor heating. The design of the whole system, technical report and project documentation were prepared for each variant.
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Lux, Johannes Thomas [Verfasser], and Ingeborg [Akademischer Betreuer] Levin. "A new target preparation facility for high precision AMS measurements and strategies for efficient 14CO2 sampling / Johannes Thomas Lux ; Betreuer: Ingeborg Levin." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177252260/34.
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Cavusoglu, Gülperi [Verfasser], and J. D. [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunwaldt. "Preparation and Characterization of Catalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Production via the High Temperature Water Gas Shift Reaction / Gülperi Cavusoglu ; Betreuer: J.-D. Grunwaldt." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1151938599/34.
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Löbbert, Philipp. "Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Teillaststeuerung von Ottomotoren mit vollvariablem Ventilhub." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1161694131099-10201.
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Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden die Potenziale zur Steigerung des Gesamtwirkungsgrads von stöchiometrisch homogen betriebenen Ottomotoren in der Teillast untersucht. Im Gegensatz zur konventionellen Laststeuerung über die Drosselklappe bezeichnet die betrachtete, drosselfreie Laststeuerung die Quantitätsregelung einzig über den Hubverlauf der Gaswechselventile. Nach einer Zusammenfassung bisheriger Untersuchungen zur drosselfreien Laststeuerung werden konkurrierende Bilanzierungsverfahren von Ladungswechsel- und Hochdruckteil von 4-Takt Verbrennungsverfahren vorgestellt. Anhand theoretischer Betrachtungen folgt für eine belastbare Bewertung der Prozessgüte allein die Bilanzierung in den Grenzen der Unteren Totpunkte (UT-UT). Im ersten Teil der motorischen Untersuchungen am Vollmotor wird das effektive Potenzial mechanisch variabler Ventiltriebe ermittelt. Dabei bleibt die Verbrauchsverbesserung gegenüber einem gedrosselten Referenzmotor aufgrund sinkender Restgasverträglichkeit als Folge einer nachteiligen Abnahme der Ladungsbewegung hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Im Widerspruch zu mechanisch gekoppelten Systemen wird zur bedarfsgerechten Anpassung der Ladungsbewegung die Forderung nach maximaler Flexibilität der Ventilhubgestaltung abgeleitet. Im zweiten Teil der motorischen Untersuchungen am Einzylinder-Forschungsmotor werden die maximalen Freiheitsgrade eines nockenwellenlosen Ventiltriebs basierend auf dem Prinzip eines elektromotorischen Linearantriebs systematisch eingesetzt. Neben konstruktiven Maßnahmen zur Beeinflussung des Einströmvorgangs in den Brennraum wird die Reduzierung der Drosselverluste durch Hubverlaufsformung sowie gezielte Restgasverdünnung im Vergleich von interner zu externer Rückführung betrachtet. Der Einfluss der Gemischbildung wird über die konkurrierende Darstellung von innerer und äußerer Kraftsteinspritzung aufgezeigt. Neben den maximalen Potenzialen werden ebenso die Grenzen der Entdrosselung dargestellt. Im Gegensatz zu mechanischen Systemen gelingt zwar die Realisierung einer bedarfsgerechten Ladungsbewegung mit Hilfe vollvariabler Ventilhübe, jedoch wird eine fortgesetzte Verbrauchsverbesserung durch die Gewährleistung einer sicheren Entflammung limitiert.
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Draghici, Cristian. "Discovery of a Novel Ring Fragmentation Reaction; Efficient Preparation of Tethered Aldehyde Ynoates and N-Containing Heterocycles;Radical Addition Approach to Asymmetric Amine Synthesis." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2009. http://library.uvm.edu/dspace/bitstream/123456789/224/1/Draghici%20Disssertation.pdf.
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Zarrad, Fadi [Verfasser], Bernd [Gutachter] Neumaier, and Hans-Günther [Gutachter] Schmalz. "Efficient preparation of PET tracers for visualization of age-related disorders using emerging methods of radiofluorination / Fadi Zarrad ; Gutachter: Bernd Neumaier, Hans-Günther Schmalz." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136077812/34.
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Abbasi, Sana. "Preparation and in vitro characterization of modified bio-degradable albumin-based nanoparticles for the efficient delivery of therapeutic drugs and genes in breast cancer applications." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106547.
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Breast cancer is considered the second most commonly diagnosed type of cancer across the world. The common modes of treatment are limited by severe side-effects that hinder the efficacy of the drugs, compromise the patients' quality of life and often lead to other disorders. One of the main focuses of nanobiotechnology research is to develop novel anti-cancer drug delivery systems that improve the drug efficacy, limit harmful side effects and also allow for the delivery of developing therapeutics that are rapidly degraded in circulation, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA). Nano-carriers are helpful particularly in anti-cancer drug delivery due to the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. In the current research study, we developed and investigated the use of surface modified HSA nanoparticles for the delivery of anti-cancer therapeutics in breast cancer applications. Results showed formation of modified HSA nanoparticles of sizes below 150 nm and contained a positive surface charge. The cellular uptake of the nanoparticles was higher in coated particles (average: ~70%) than uncoated particles. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assessment of modified HSA nanoparticles suggested that empty particles are biocompatible and non-toxic to cells. Therefore, the presented PEI-enhanced and TAT-coated HSA nanoparticles form an appealing delivery system for anti-cancer therapeutics with a potential for clinical application.Le cancer du sein est considéré comme le deuxième type de cancer le plus couramment diagnostiqué à travers le monde. La plupart des traitements sont characterisés par des effets secondaires nocifs qui limitent l'efficacité des médicaments, compromettent la qualité de vie des patients et conduisent souvent à d'autres troubles nocifs. L'un des principaux axes de recherche en nanobiotechnologie est de développer un nouveaux système de délivrance qui permet d'améliorer l'efficacité du médicament, de limiter les effets secondaires nocifs et aussi de permettre la livraison de molecules qui sont rapidement dégradées dans la circulation, tels que les petits ARN interférents (siRNA). Les nano-transporteurs sont utiles en particulier dans l'administration de médicaments anticancerigenes en raison de leur perméabilité accrue et de leur conservation (EPR). Dans l'étude de la recherche actuelle, nous avons développé et étudié l'utilisation de nanoparticules HSA à surface modifiée pour la livraison de médicaments anticancéreux dans les applications de cancer du sein. Les résultats ont montré la formation de nanoparticules HSA de tailles modifiées en dessous de 150 nm contenant une charge de surface positive. L'absorption cellulaire des nanoparticules est plus élevée dans les particules enrobées (moyenne: ~ 70%) que les particules non enrobée. Par ailleurs, l'évaluation de la cytotoxicité des nanoparticules HSA modifiées a suggéré que les particules vides sont biocompatibles et non toxiques pour les cellules. Par conséquent, les nanoparticules HSA revêtues de TAT et PEI-améliorée forment un système de prestation idéale pour les thérapies anti-cancereuses avec un potentiel d'application clinique.
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Larksarp, Chitchamai. "Palladium-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of 2-vinyloxiranes, 2-vinyloxetanes, o-iodophenols and o-iodoanilines with heterocumulenes, the efficient methods for the preparation of heterocyclic compounds." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/NQ57052.pdf.
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Mitchell, Judith M. Mitchell Judith M. Mitchell Judith M. "1, new molybdenum catalysts for alkyl olefin epoxidation ; 2, an efficient method for the preparation of N, N-disubstituted 1,2-diamines ; 3, Progress towards the synthesis of pseurotin A /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3099549.
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Podal, Pavel. "Studium vlastností katalyzátoru na bázi MnOx s využitím RRDE." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219064.
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This master thesis deals with qualifications of the catalytic materials for positive electrode low-temperature fuel cells. The teoretical part focuses on the physical and chemical properties of low-temperature fuel cells. There are described methods of hydrodynamic RDE and RRDE. RRDE study utilizes methods linear and cyclic voltammetry for qualifying performance of catalytic materials and presentation of results. The practical part describes the preparation various types of carbon materials. There are monitored the oxygen reduction using RRDE. Catalytic materials are evaluated: CV, stability, kinetic parameters, creation of intermediate H2O2 and kinetics of electrode reactions.
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Saňáková, Miroslava. "Řízení stavební zakázky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409903.
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This diploma thesis solves problems of construction orders management. The key to successful business and stable position in a competitive market is the way of planning, managing and quality processing of construction orders. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe and analyze the management of a construction order in a selected company, in my case ARCHATT, s.r.o. I also deal with this in this work, namely for the specific order Oprava Severního parkánu a hradeb of Prague Castle. The content of the work is a processed documentation of the supplier's preparation for this order and a detailed description of the entry of construction workers to this daily guarded building.
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Meiling, Till Thomas [Verfasser], Ilko [Akademischer Betreuer] Bald, and Hans-Gerd [Akademischer Betreuer] Löhmannsröben. "Development of a reliable and environmentally friendly synthesis for fluorescence carbon nanodots : preparation and characterisation of excellent and well-defined carbon nanodots by a fast, simple and cost-efficient synthesis method; with special focus on future exploration and large scale applications / Till Thomas Meiling ; Ilko Bald, Hans-Gerd Löhmannsröben." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1219578592/34.
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HSU, CHIH-CHIEH, and 徐志杰. "Promotion Vehicle Exhaust Removal Efficiency On Catalyst Preparation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04904352257573920684.
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碩士國立聯合大學
環境與安全衛生工程學系碩士班
103
Air pollution from stationary sources and mobile sources. Mobile sources of the background In this study. Preparation Pt / Fe2O3-ZrO2 Catalyst simulate vehicle exhaust by Impregnation method, Pt concentration at a fixed concentration change its Supported. The use of CO, C3H8 and NO gas concentrations assess each catalyst conversion efficiency at 500℃. Use gas analyzer analysis on vehicle exhaust. The results of this study show. PF0.4Z0.4 and PF0.5Z0.5 because the higher ZrO2 concentration lead to after calcination trace amounts particles to fall down reduce conversion efficiency In the first stage, and a space velocity of 62856hr-1 with a single gas conversion efficiency, in PF0.3Z0.3 as CO efficiency 100%, NO efficiency of 91.72% and 58.19% HC efficiency. Preparing a second phase of the experiment, the ratio of single gas still PF0.3Z0.3 the best conversion efficiency. While in the mixed gas to PF0.317Z0.267 removal CO of 98.43% efficiency, NO 94.33% efficiency and HC 87.83% efficiency, Because the mixed gas the reaction is at the moment, compared to a single gas lower dramatically HC conversion efficiency, and addition low concentrations of ZrO2 with its low cost. The Institute prepared catalyst in a single gas, mixed gas, T50 and real vehicle exhaust of analog steam vehicle exhaust emissions the efficiency and removal of research and application. Can provide useful follow-up studies and contribution, and the results of the actual vehicle exhaust removal efficiency of simulation can also compare existing data Taiwan. As a reference to the Air Pollution Control Program.
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Milla, Odette Marie Varela, and 歐蒂娣. "Preparation and Plant-growth Efficiency Assessment of Biochars." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23229324041750065088.
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博士國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系
101
Biochar is charcoal made from organic matters such as plant biomass and agricultural wastes that can be used to increase soil ability to sequester carbon and simultaneously improve its nutrient contents and water retention. Biochar can aid in nutrient retention and cation exchange capacity, decreasing soil acidity, decreased uptake of soil toxins, improving soil structure, nutrient use efficiency, water-holding capacity, and decreased release of non-CO2 greenhouse gases. There is great potential for biochar production and application to have positive outcomes through carbon sequestration, and improved soil health. Few researches in biochar classifications have been done. The aims of this study is to generate biochars from organic wastes, to analyze their concept and origins, to investigate their key roles on agriculture planting, to study the effect of production process, on the plant germination rate and their potential uses with other industrial solid wastes, such as bottom ash. The major founds in this thesis are as follow: Extraction of polyphenols from a municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash mixed matrix and Zea mays L. dry biomass. Polyphenol content was shown to increase when fertilizer was applied, presenting inhibition to plant growth, root yield and plant biomass dry weight. After fertilizer application, the polyphenol content increased between 45-55 mg/L. Without the fertilizer, the polyphenol content was 5-25 mg/L. In addition, the used bottom ash (BA) enhanced biochar degradation; this process could be achieved through our results. Results from studies made on the mixture of bamboo biochar and rice husk biochar with municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash let us conclude that the mixture of these components has a positive effect on the development and early growth of corn (Zea mays L.). The treatment that showed the best results in this test without a concern about the leaching of heavy metals lead (Pb) and cooper (Cu) was rice husk. This treatment was pyrolized at 400ºC and combined with Pingtung MSWI bottom ash, with and without additions of fertilizer; the treatments showed the best results in germination (100%) and plant weight. With regards of the results, detailing the growth of water spinach, they showed that the application of rice husk biochar improves biomass production. The wood biochar added to soil increased the plant weight of water spinach by increasing the root size and leaf width, whereas rice husk biochar added to soil increased plant weight by increasing the stem size and leaf length of the water spinach. In addition, the stem size of water spinach was proportional to the ratio of water-holding capacity to silt content in soil; whereas the root size of water spinach was proportional to the organic matter/organic carbon ratio of soil. Moreover, rice husk biochar process produces high silicon content, and its application in soil induces dissolvable silicon in soil that plays a chelator role in transporting water and trace elements from the soil matrix to the plant. Rice husk biochar application affects significantly the corn seeds germination and improves the plants growth rate due to the high silicon (Si) content found. In addition, the silicon was found to have a critical threshold when its content in the rice husk biochar is higher than 20%, which is a sufficient level to be harmful for corn seed germination. The use of bamboo is a smart option for those industries that want to transform biochar into a profit without harming any ecosystem. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the potential capability of bamboo biochar to affect germination and growth of edible crops. In conclusion, the four temperatures (240ºC, 300ºC, 600ºC and 700ºC) of bamboo biochars used in this study generally increased wheat seed germination at rates of application of 50% for 240ºC and 300ºC biochars; while 600ºC and 700ºC biochars tended to inhibit germination at the highest rate of application (100%) under the bioassay conditions. This study demonstrated the potential of biochar as an amendment of clayey soils. Our findings suggest that an application rate of 10 t ha-1 should not be exceeded when applying biochar on these soils.
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Hong, Peng-Hsiang, and 洪鵬翔. "Preparation of High Efficiency PhotoCatalytic-PECVD TiO2 Thin Film." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9zhum5.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
光電與材料科技研究所
100
In this study, Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor system (PECVD) along with using argon gas (Ar) heated TTIP vapor as the carrier gas transmission, coupled to the oxygen RF plasma excitation gas was used to prepare the thin film of Titanium dioxide (TiO2). TTIP flow rate, O2 flow and RF power of the PECVD process along with annealing temperature was adjusted and optimized. Through the measurement of film characteristics by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), the analysis by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), using UV visible to measure the degradation rate of the Methylene blue(MB) solution, using Contact Angle(CA) to measure titanium dioxide thin film adsorption of methylene blue solution absorption rate, and analyzing titanium dioxide thin film, the process parameters was optimized to establish this film. These results show that plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, the annealing time and titanium dioxide films have intimate relationship. Moreover, when TTIP carrier gas flow of 80 sccm along with O2 flow of 15 sccm, pressure of 200 mtorr, RF power 300W, annealing temperature of 500 ℃ in 30 minutes, the best anatase (Anatase) peak as well as the grain size at 18 to 35nm range can be obtained by using the Scherrer equation. After optimizing the parameters of the titanium dioxide film that placed at distance of 2.5cm to the UV LED Chip (395nm 72W) with the irradiation light intensity of 250mW/cm2, the degradation rate was up to 56% in the 60 minutes.
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HAO, KAO-TZU, and 高子豪. "Preparation of High Efficiency filtration Nanofiber Membrane by Electrospinning." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39512435763545519233.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
高分子系
98
This study, PAN as the raw material, using electrospinning machine fabrication of nanofibrous membrane, and electrospinning nanofiber nonwoven membrane and spounbond combined to form a sandwich structure of the folder into a SES (Spunbond-Electronspun-Spunbond) nanofibrous membrane, used in air particulate filter. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosity analyzer (PMI) to observe and analyze the pattern of SES and the nanofibrous membrane pore size. Particulate filter efficiency by particle penetration tester (TSI 3160), also inferred fiber membrane pore size of the particle filter performance relationship. The first part of this study was to explore the best electrostatic fiber spinning conditions, using different concentrations and flow rate are the most suitable conditions, the operation concentration 9wt%, flow rate 0.8ml/hr the best conditions, the average fiber diameter of 340nm. The second part by using the best conditions, the fiber, changing speed conditions, the solution conditions, and changes in fiber volume staggered, rotation speed conditions 500rpm, 1000rpm, 1500rpm, spinning liquid conditions dimension was 0.8ml, 1.0ml, 1.5ml, and the measured fiber membrane-based heavier fiber membrane-based weight has 1.23g/m2, 1.38g/m2, 2.02g/m2, fiber staggered terms, of the above conditions on the SES and the nano fiber membrane filter of pore size. It was found that fiber staggered changes on the pore size had no significant effect with the filter performance, while fiber and parallel fiber membrane pore size and basis weight of the filter performance of the most significant. When the drum speed increases, parallel increases, fiber diameter decreased, diameter decreased, the filter efficiency will increase. When the spinning liquid, fiber membrane-based weight increased, the pore size decreased with the increase of basis weight, filter efficiency increases with basis weight. The results indicate that the speed of 1000rpm, spinning liquid 1.5ml and staggered patterns 3:00, with the smallest aperture to the highest filtration efficiency, pore diameter of 0.66μm, filtration efficiency is 99.58%.
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Chen, Ying-Fu, and 陳盈甫. "Preparation and Antibacterial Efficiency of Zinc Metallized Bamboo Activated Carbon." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24150153423404768810.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
林產科學暨家具工程學系研究所(Graduate Institut
98
Preparation of zinc metallized activated carbon was performed in this study, the material is Thorny bamboo from Taiwan using a physical method and a chemical method, by mixing zinc nitrate, zinc chloride and nanosized zinc oxide with activated carbon respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to assess the surface structure, the absorptive properties of iodine value and methylene blue value, and investigate those zinc metallized activated carbon, the antibacterial efficiency of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Choosing the samples which had good antibacterial efficiency to proceed flowing water test. Observing antibacterial effect time, the zinc concentration of water and the BET specific surface area of those zinc metallized activated carbon. In the SEM graphs of activated carbon treated with zinc chloride, zinc chloride crystal on the surface of activated carbon. The activated carbon treated with zinc nitrate, zinc material particles show cluster distributions on the activated carbon surface.the activated carbon treated with nanosized zinc oxide, because nanosized zinc oxide dispersed on the surface of activated carbon in the form of tiny particles. The iodine value of the three kinds of zinc metallized activated carbon is between 283.69~607.81mg/g, and the methylene blue value is between 125.29~454.52mg/g. The activated carbons antibacterial effect on E. coli and S. aureus under various treatment conditions showed that activated carbon without metallizing does not possess an antibacterial effect and would increase the growth of bacterial in water. However, all the zinc metallized activated carbon, it treated with nanosized zinc oxide is the best, had a bacteriostasis rate of 99.9%. The flowing water test showed antibacterial effect time of sample treated with nanosized zinc oxide 600 h is the best, and then is 192 h of activated carbon treated with zinc nitrate, and the activated carbon treated with zinc chloride is third, the activated carbon is the worst, only 12 h. The BET specific surface area before and after flowing water test showed that specific surface area of activated carbon are 529.26 m2/g and 507.53 m2/g respectively. The activated carbon treated with zinc nitrate are 629.26 m2/g and 811.80 m2/g respectively. The activated carbon treated with zinc chloride are 15.92 m2/g and 583.87 m2/g. The activated carbon treated with nanosized zinc oxide are 2.23 m2/g and 31.12 m2/g. the ICP test showed, zinc concentration of water all below 5 ppm after 12 h, it conformed the standard of drinking water in Environmental Protection Administration Executive Yuan R.O.C.(Taiwan).
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Wen, Yu-Chun, and 溫宇淳. "Preparation of Activated Carbon Sphere with high contaminant Removal Efficiency." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97430924706702396010.
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碩士中原大學
環境工程學系
105
Traditional activated carbon consists predominantly of micropores. This property inhibits the removal of macromolecular contaminants. Therefore, to facilitate the removal of these contaminants, we prepared activated carbon with relatively larger pores using a new approach comprising three steps. The adsorption test results indicated that the activated carbon prepared using three steps (K2CO3 to carbon ratio = 3:1) most effectively removed MG5 and AR1. At 10, 30, and 50 C, the respective adsorption capacity for MG5 was 755.74, 760.34, and 1334.23 mg/g; that for AR1 was 340.17, 476.49, and 552.8 mg/g. However, the traditional activated carbon (i.e., prepared using two steps) (K2CO3 to carbon ratio = 3:1) most effectively removed phenol; the adsorption capacity was 506.48, 466.18, 391.1 mg/g at 10, 30, and 50 C, respectively. From kinetics analysis, the adsorption rate of phenol was faster than that of either MG5 or AR1. According to thermodynamics, the adsorption of MG5 or AR1 was endothermic, and that of phenol was exothermic. The results of SEM and FTIR illustrated that the spherical shape of the activated carbon prepared using three steps was not affected by the high temperature during the preparation process, and its surface contained more functional groups. The BET analysis showed that the activated carbon prepared using three steps exhibited larger pores, but its specific surface area was maintained at more than 1000 m2/g.
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Huang, Guan-Jhih, and 黃冠誌. "Preparation of Ag/TiO2 Core-Shell Nanocomposites To Enhance Conversion Efficiency." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88943653176528969200.
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碩士明志科技大學
化學工程研究所
101
This research was prepared Ag / TiO2 core-shell nanocomposites and applied to dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Ag nanoparticles with surface plasmon resonance can enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and increase the visible light absorption range of TiO2 . Research is divided into three stages: the first stage will be prepared by chemical reduction method Ag nanoparticles to investigated the preparation conditions on the size and optical properties. UV-Vis , TEM and DLS analysis showed about 2% of the protective agent concentration and the reducing agent concentration in 6×10-4 M, the minimum particle size can be obtained (TEM analysis showed that the average particle size of silver 10 ~ 20 nm .) and at a wavelength of 400 nm with a high degree of absorption the visible light. The second stage will used the first stage of the prepared Ag nanoparticles coated TTIP hydrolysis of TiO2, prepared Ag/TiO2 core-shell nanocomposites. DSSC preparation process due to be carried out in 500 ℃ calcination, TiO2 film was observed after heating to 500 ℃ crystalline phase changes, XRD analysis showed that TiO2 crystalline phase was anatase phase. In addition, UV-Vis analysis of the addition of Ag nanoparticles of TiO2 can indeed increase the absorption range of 300 nm from the original visible range extends to 450 nm. FE-SEM, TEM and EDS analysis further confirmed complete TiO2 coated Ag nanoparticles, particle size about 40 nm. The third stage used the Ag/TiO2 core-shell nanocomposites assembled DSSC, and conduct conversion efficiency analysis. The results show, the Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites short-circuit current density 9.73 mA/cm2 greater than TiO2 (blank test) short-circuit current density of 2.33 mA/cm2 ,and the film thickness change with the short circuit current density values will also change. The open-circuit voltage and the concentration effect in the thickness effect there was no significant change. This research, the optimum conditions currently was AT2 as raw materials and spin coating on substrate for the four layers ,and adsorption N719 dye to prepared DSSC .The cell efficiency of 3.89%.
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吳宜欣. "Improvement of hybridoma technology to enhance the efficiency of hybridoma preparation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/343876.
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Tsai, Hsin-Kwei, and 蔡鑫魁. "Preparation and Characterization of Oligomeric Arylene Ethynylenes with High Fluorescence Efficiency." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70785126813954566786.
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