Academic literature on the topic 'Efficiency of preparation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Efficiency of preparation"
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Venger, V. M., N. A. Lukashevich, I. V. Jakubenko, O. V. Venger, and N. A. Fedorchuk. "THE EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATION ACTOFIT APPLICATION ON HOP AGAINST SPIDER MITE." Agriciltural microbiology 11 (July 5, 2010): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.11.102-108.
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Spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.). is the most harmful hop pest during the vegetative period. Pest control system foresees 6-8 treatments by different chemical preparations against him. The application of biological preparation Actofit had essentially decreased the pesticide load on hop agricoenosis and had improved the environment situation. Spraying of hop gardens against the spider mite had enabled receipt of high quality cones crop at level 8,2-10,3 c/ha in dependence on doze of preparation which was at level chemical preparation Demitan by quantitative and qualitative indices.
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Stojkovic, Jovan, Zlatan Sinovec, Milan Adamovic, Magdalena Tomasevic-Canovic, Aleksandra Dakovic, and Ognjen Adamovic. "Efficiency of zeolite basis preparation in fattening Lamb diets." Veterinarski glasnik 58, no. 3-4 (2004): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0404327s.
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The paper presents results of investigations of the effect of a preparation based on natural zeolite on production results of fattening lambs. The experiment was performed on two groups of lamps (control ? K and experimental ? O), 15 animals per group, and for a duration of 90 days. The diet ration consisted of sheeps? milk, a compound mix for fattening lambs, and meadow hay. Lambs of the experimental group, contrary to those of the control group were administered preparations based on natural zeolite. The preparation Min-a-Zel? S (in the form of 25% suspension) was administered to lambs from birth until the 14th day of life, directly into the mouth, once daily (before the morning meal), 10 ml each. Min-a-Zel Plus was administered starting from the 15th day by adding it to the fodder mix (0.5%). Feeding was ad libitum. The average body mass of lambs at the end of the experiment, according to the sequence of treatments (K:O), was 24.40:26.94 kg (P<0.01). The daily groth of the lambs, during the course of the experiment, was 229:256 g, and was 27 g or 11.79% higher (P<0.01) in the experimental group. The experimental group had better utilization of dry matter, proteins and energy, which indicates that the use of a preparation based on natural zeolite in the diet of fattening lambs is justified.
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Parekh, B. K. "Coal Desulfurization: High Efficiency Preparation Methods." International Journal of Coal Geology 55, no. 1 (June 2003): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-5162(03)00065-x.
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Oberascher, Claudia, Rainer Stamminger, and Christiane Pakula. "Energy efficiency in daily food preparation." International Journal of Consumer Studies 35, no. 2 (February 14, 2011): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00963.x.
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ЗАХАРОВА, О. А. "EFFICIENCY OF PREPARATION HUMISTAR ON PEA." VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM P A KOSTYCHEVA, no. 4(48) (December 29, 2020): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36508/rsatu.2020.48.4.004.
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Проблема и цель. Целью настоящего исследования являлось изучение эффективности препарата Гумистар на горохе посевном. Методология. Для достижения цели исследования и ответа на поставленные исследовательские вопросы изучен химический состав препарата на основе биогумуса, который сейчас общеизвестен и эффективен для сельскохозяйственных культур из-за высокого содержания питательных для растений веществ, улучшающих рост и развитие растений и, как следствие, повышающих урожайность. Исследования выполнены в КФХ Белоусов И.В. Старожиловского района при погодных условиях, близких к среднемноголетним. В опыте использовался препарат Гумистар при замачивании семян, опрыскивании растений гороха и поливе в разных комбинациях. Гумистар – это концентрированная жидкая форма биогумуса, представляющая водную вытяжку гуминовых веществ и микроэлементов. Для производства препарата использовался биогумус, произведенный червями в ОАО «Агрофирма «Грин-ПИКъ». Вода для приготовления раствора препарата бралась из пруда, расположенного в 20 м от горохового поля. По возделыванию зернобобовых Рязанская область стоит на 8-м месте в России, а по производству гороха – на 6-м. По площади посевы гороха занимают в регионе 14 место, им засевается свыше 3 % всех площадей, то есть более 29 тыс. га. Около 83 тыс. т зерна собирается в среднем в год. Объект исследования – горох посевной (Pisumsativum), относится к семейству Fabaceae, роду Pisum, у которого на метаморфизированных корнях формируются клубеньки. Вследствие этого наблюдается разная интенсивность потребления питательных веществ и воды в онтогенезе. Результаты. Поливы и опрыскивание растений гороха посевного препаратом Гумистар позволили достоверно доказать высокую агрономическую и экономическую эффективность на варианте 2 при поливах и опрыскивании: активизацию ферментов; увеличение массы клубеньков на корнях до 69 мг/растение; улучшение роста до 57 см и развития растений на 5-15 суток; рост урожая гороха до 27,7 ц/га; накопление сухого вещества в семенах до 59 г; рост уровня рентабельности до 80,7 %. Заключение. В результате исследования была установлена агрономическая и экономическая эффективность препарата Гумистар на горохе посевном при поливах и опрыскивании растений. Problem and purpose. The purpose of this research was to study the efciency of preparation Humistar on pea. Methodology. To achieve the research purpose and answer the questions, the chemical composition of the preparation based on biohumus was studied, which is now generally known and efective for agricultural crops due to the high content of nutrients for plants, which improve their growth and development and, as a result, increase the yield. The research was carried out at peasant farm Belousov I.V. in Starozhilovsky district when weather conditions close to the average annual. Preparation Humistar was used in the experiment, when soaking seeds, spraying pea plants and watering in various combinations. Humistar is a concentrated liquid form of biohumus, which is an aqueous extract of humic substances and minor elements. To produce the preparation, biohumus was used, produced by worms at OJSC "Agrofrm "Green-PIK". To produce the solution of the preparation, water was taken from a pond located 20 m from the pea feld. Ryazan oblast ranks 8th in Russia for the cultivation of legumes, and 6th for the production of peas. In terms of area, pea crops occupy the 14th place in the region, over 3 % of all areas are sown with them, that is, more than 29 thousand hectares. About 83 thousand tons of grain is harvested on average per year. The object of the study is pea (Pisum sativum), belonging to Fabaceae family, genus Pisum, having nodules on the metamorphosed roots. As a result, there is a diferent intensity of consumption of nutrients and water in ontogenesis. Results. Watering and spraying of pea plants with Humistar preparation made it possible to reliably prove high agronomic and economic efciency in option 2: activation of enzymes, an increase in the mass of nodules on roots to 69 mg/plant, improvement of growth to 57 cm and plant development by 5-15 days, an increase in the yield of peas up to 27.7 dt/ha, accumulation of dry matter in seeds up to 59 g and an increase in the level of proftability up to 80.7 %. Conclusion. As a result of the study, the agronomic and economic efciency of preparation Humistar on pea was established when watering and spraying plants.
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Timofeev, Vyacheslav. "Efficiency of macro- and micronutrients in spring wheat protection system." BIO Web of Conferences 36 (2021): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213604004.
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The work presents studies of preparative laboratory forms of preparations containing nanoparticles of macro- and micronutrients by inclusion of stabilizers and solution modifiers on growth and development of spring triticale plants in the first phases of ontogenesis and spring wheat under field conditions. The preparations and their rates positively affecting germination energy, germination rate with the effect of 4-6% and plant growth under the influence of preparations on daily seedlings were isolated in laboratory studies. The preparations Mn, 10 ml/t, Ca, 10 ml/t, Mo, 50 ml/t, Titan M, 50 ml/t, biogenic Fe, 5 ml/t had a positive effect on energy and germination, while the preparations Mn, 10 ml/t, Ca, 10 ml/t, Mo, 50 ml/t, Titan M, 50 ml/t, biogenic Fe, 5 ml/t, Bor 5 mg/g + GC (10%) had a positive effect on sprout length, 1ml/t, Potassium, 1000 ml/t of which the variants with Boron 5 mg/g + GC (10%), 1ml/t, Potassium, 1000 ml/t had the greatest and significant effect, where the increase in sprout length was 1.0-3.2 cm or 7.8-25%, mass 0.5-1.4 g or 6-8%. In field studies, we evaluated the use of biogenic iron in the plant protection system as a stimulant in the treatment of seeds together with a seed dressing and plants during the growing season. The effect of the preparation on the development of plants contributing to increased yield was determined, especially the treatment of wheat plants in the earing phase, which provided an increase of 0.5 t/ha.
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Fager, Patrik, Martina Calzavara, and Fabio Sgarbossa. "Modelling time efficiency of cobot-supported kit preparation." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 106, no. 5-6 (December 18, 2019): 2227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04679-x.
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AbstractKitting – meaning to supply assembly with components in presorted kits – is widely seen as beneficial for assembly quality and efficiency when there is a multitude of component variants. However, the process by which kits are prepared – the kit preparation – is labour-intensive, and kit errors are problematic at assembly processes. The use of robotics to support kit preparation has received some attention by researchers, but literature is lacking with respect to how collaborative robots – cobots – can support kit preparation activities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the potential of a cobot to support time-efficient batch preparation of kits. To address the purpose, the paper presents a mathematical model for estimation of the cycle time associated with cobot-supported kit preparation. The model is applied in a numerical example with experimental data from laboratory experiments, and cobot-supported kit preparation is compared with manual kit preparation. The findings suggest that cobot-supported kit preparation is beneficial with diverse kits and smaller components quantities per SKU (Stock Keeping Unit) and provides less variability of the outcome, when compared to manual kit preparation. The paper reveals several insights about cobot-supported kit preparation that can be valuable for both academics and practitioners. The model developed can be used by practitioners to assess the potential of cobots to support kit-batch preparation in association with assembly, spare parts, repair and maintenance, or business to business industry.
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Fatur, Karsten, Matjaž Ravnikar, Vitjan Fras, and Samo Kreft. "Pipes and Potions: Testing the Efficacy of European Folk Preparation Methods for Anticholinergic Solanaceae Plants." Plants 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11010126.
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The present article sought to evaluate the efficiency of various folk preparation methods commonly used in Europe for employing anticholinergic Solanaceae plants. The study aimed to uncover which folk methods were effective for the extraction of the anticholinergic tropane alkaloids of these plants, atropine and scopolamine. The folk extractions that were tested sought to simulate the preparation of teas, cold-water infusions, unguents, tinctures, fortified wines, and smoking. All preparation types and a control were then put through an extraction process to see what amount of the alkaloids had been maintained. These extractions were then analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cold- and hot-water preparations, tinctures, and fortified wines all proved to be effective means of extracting atropine and scopolamine from plant material under conditions seen in folk usage. Smoking and the oil-based unguent, however, yielded no alkaloids, suggesting a lack of efficiency for these preparations, a problem with our methodology, or possible chemical changes and losses associated with the preparation procedure.
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Melnyk, A., and M. Kyryk. "The biological preparations efficiency research for potato alternaria blight decrease in terms of Western Foreststeppe of Ukraine." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 66 (December 24, 2020): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2020.66.157-167.
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Goal. was to research biological preparations efficiency usage in alternaria blight harmfulness decrease and to develop effective cultivar protection system.
Methods. Field and laboratory — vegetative researches. Tubers were treated by allowed biological preparations as Lists of pesticides: Planrise (Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain AR-33), Phytodoctor (Bacillus subtilis); MicoHelp (Trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter, Enterobacter, Enterococcus) for disease developing decrease. The present preparations were used for spraying in future. The treating during the growing period favoured the plant organism resistance to stress conditions of environment. The first plant treating was conducted at the blossoming beginning before alternaria blight appearing on plant’s leaves plants. The second spraying was conducted during the first spots appearing on the plates of early potato varieties.
Results. The researches results biological preparations: Planrise, Phytodoctor, MicoHelp treating potato defeated plants by alternaria blight were proposed. The biological preparations relative high efficiency was determined.
Conclusions. The researched preparations technical efficiency was also depended upon the conducting testing variety. The biological preparation MicoHelp (variety Serpanok) showed the highest technical efficiency (46.2%) during the plant treating against potato alternaria blight. The preparation MicoHelp (variety Svitanok Kyivskyi) showed the highest efficiency during the potato treating in vegetation period. So the biological control protection means usage in the modern potato varieties allows to decrease negative impact of used preparations and put into production effective and ecologically — friendly means for alternaria blight limit in terms of Western Foreststeppe of Ukraine.
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Hanson, Robin, Lars Medbo, and Mats I. Johansson. "Order batching and time efficiency in kit preparation." Assembly Automation 35, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-05-2014-046.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine whether man-hour efficiency of picking is affected by the use of batch preparation, compared to preparation of one kit at a time. This paper focuses on small kit preparation areas. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on two experiments that were performed at a vehicle assembly plant and then analysed quantitatively. Findings – The results provide a strong indication of the advantages associated with batch preparation, in terms of man-hour efficiency. Practical implications – The fact that the effects identified during the experiments are substantial, over 20 per cent reduction of average time per picked component in Experiment 1 and 7 per cent in Experiment 2, indicates that the option of batch picking holds potentials for large cost reduction and should be considered when kit preparation systems are designed. Originality/value – Limited research has dealt with the design of kit preparation systems, thus leaving considerable knowledge gaps. Previous research dealing with batch picking focuses on other environments than kitting and on large picking areas where batching can reduce walking distances. In contrast, the current paper focuses on small picking areas, which are common in industrial kitting applications. This paper provides a considerable contribution by demonstrating improvements in time efficiency that batch preparation can offer to small picking areas in addition to larger areas. The discussion also provides a basis for future research, which could focus on aspects other than time efficiency, such as the quality of kit preparation, and variables that might moderate the effect of batching.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Efficiency of preparation"
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Jiang, Yuanyuan. "Scalable Fabrication of High Efficiency Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells by Electrospray." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101052.
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Perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention both in research and industrial domains. An unprecedented progress in development of hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) has been seen in past few years. The power conversion efficiencies of HPSCs has been improved from 3.8% to 24.2% in less than a decade, rivaling that of silicon solar cells which currently dominate the solar cell market. Hybrid perovskite materials have exceptional opto-electrical properties and can be processed using cost-effective solution-based methods. In contrast, fabrication of silicon solar cells requires high-vacuum, high-temperature, and energy intensive processes. The combination of excellent opto-electrical properties and cost-effective manufacturing makes hybrid perovskite a winning candidate for solar cells.
As power conversion efficiencies of HPSCs improves beyond that of the established solar cell technology and their long-term stability increases, one of the crucial hurdles in the path to commercialization remaining to be adequately addressed is the cost-effective scalable fabrication. Spin-coating is the prevailing method for fabrication of HPSCs in laboratories. However, this technique is limited to small areas and results in excessive material waste. Two types of scalable manufacturing methods have been successfully demonstrated to fabricate HPSCs: (i) meniscus-assisted coating such as doctor-blade coating and slot-die coating; and (ii) dispersed deposition based on the coalescence of individual droplets, such as inkjet printing and spray coating. Electrospray printing belongs to the second category with advantages of high material utilization rate and patterning capability along with the scalability and roll-to-roll compatibility.
In Chapter 3 of this dissertation, electrospray printing process is described for manufacturing of HPSCs in ambient conditions below 150 C. All three functional layers were printed using electrospray printing including perovskite layer, electron transport layer, and hole transport layer. Strategies for successful electrospray printing of HPSCs include formulation of the precursor inks with solvents of low vapor pressures, judicial choice of droplet flight time, and tailoring the wetting property of the substrate to suppress coffee ring effects. Implementation of these strategies leads to pin-hole free, low surface roughness, and uniform perovskite layer, hole transport layer and electron transport layer. The power conversion efficiency of the all electrospray printed device reached up to 15.0%, which is among the highest to date for fully printed HPSCs.
The most efficient HPSCs rely on gold and organic hole-transport materials (HTMs) for achieving high performance. Gold is also chosen for its high stability. Unfortunately, the high price of gold and high-vacuum along with high-temperature processing requirements for gold film is not suitable for the large-scale fabrication of HPSCs. Carbon is a cheap alternative electrode material which is inert to hybrid perovskite layer. Due to the ambipolar transport property of hybrid perovskite, perovskite itself can act as a hole conductor, and the extra hole transport layer can be left out. Carbon films prepared by doctor-blade coating method have been reported as the top electrode in HPSCs. The efficiencies of these devices suffer from the poor interface between the doctor-blade coated carbon and the underlying perovskite layer. In Chapter 4, electrospray printing was applied for the fabrication of carbon films and by optimizing the working distance during electrospray printing, the interface between carbon and the underlying perovskite layer was greatly improved compared to the doctor-blade coated carbon film. The resulting HPSCs based on the electrospray printed carbon electrode achieved higher efficiency than that based on doctor-blade method and remarkably, this performance is close to that of gold based devices.
In Chapter 5, preliminary results are provided on the laser annealing of hybrid perovskite films to further advance their scalable manufacturing. All layers of HPSCs require thermal annealing at temperature over 150 C for about half an hour or longer. The time-consuming conventional thermal annealing complicates the fabrication process and is not suitable for continuous production. High temperature over150 C is also not compatible with flexible substrates such as PET. Laser annealing is a promising method for overcoming these issues. It has several other advantages including compatibility with continuous roll-to-roll printing, minimal influence on non-radiated surrounding area, and rapid processing. Laser annealing can be integrated with the electrospray process to realize the continuous fabrication of hybrid perovskite film. Rapid laser annealing process with optimized power density and scanning pattern is demonstrated here for annealing perovskite films. The resulting hybrid perovskite film is highly-crystalline and pin-hole free, similar to that obtained from conventional thermal annealing.Doctor of Philosophy
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Reimer, Jay Paul. "Motivating Factors for Philanthropy at a Ministry Preparation Graduate Institution." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271886/.
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A qualitative case study was conducted to determine whether major donors to an institution of higher education that existed to prepare ministers and missionaries were perceived by the institution's leaders as motivated by organizational effectiveness, financial efficiency, or evaluations by donor watchdog agencies. The case study was conducted with the Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics. The interview process was utilized to gain information individually from the president, a development consultant, an academic dean, and a former development director. Each participant was asked a series of 19 questions during the interview process. The results indicated that the leaders perceived that organizational effectiveness was a philanthropic motivator for major donors and measured it by the accomplishments of those who were trained at the institution. The results also indicated that the ministry preparation institution's leaders perceived financial efficiency to provide philanthropic motivation to major donors, though to a lesser degree than organizational effectiveness, and measured it by stewardship of funds. The results further indicated that the ministry preparation institution's leaders perceived that donor watchdog agency evaluations, specifically those of the Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability and Guidestar, provided philanthropic motivation for major donors. Additional research recommendations included studying how to report about organizational effectiveness in a manner meeting the needs of major donors and what motivates major donors of other education and nonprofit organizations, organizational effectiveness and/or financial efficiency.
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Augustyniak, Mateusz. "Preparation, characterisation and optimization of blocking layers for improving efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/98956/.
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This study explored and described deposition of titanium oxide thin films as blocking layers in dye-sensitized solar cells using the pulsed laser deposition technique. This technique facilitates precise control of deposition conditions that were manipulated to prepare titanium oxide thin films. The electrical, optical and structural properties of the deposited films were investigated and their dependence on these conditions was studied. The key task of the research was to incorporate the deposited films into the structure of dye-sensitized solar cells in order to improve their efficiency that is adversely effected by electron-hole recombination at the interface of transparent conductive oxide and electrolyte. The titanium oxide thin films were successfully grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass that was used to fabricate the dye-sensitized solar cells. The photovoltaic parameters of the prepared dye-sensitized solar cells were studied using current-voltage characterization method. Influence of blocking layer deposition conditions on dye-sensitized solar cell performance was investigated. Correlation between the optical and electrical properties of deposited titanium oxide blocking layers and the performance of fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells as a function of the thin film deposition conditions was found. Based on that, region of optimal deposition conditions of this type of blocking layers for improving efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells can be found.
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Chanlek, Narong. "Quantum efficiency lifetime studies using the photocathode preparation experimental facility developed for the ALICE Accelerator." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/quantum-efficiency-lifetime-studies-using-the-photocathode-preparation-experimental-facility-developed-for-the-alice-accelerator(197791f0-518e-4257-aa0e-04f9942b4110).html.
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This thesis describes the development of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) photocathode preparation facility (PPF) with a load-lock interface as part of an upgrade to the ALICE photo-injector electron gun. The PPF has the capacity to prepare up to six negative electron affinity (NEA) GaAs photocathodes, and permits the rapid and reliable replacement of the degraded photocathode in the gun, while maintaining the integrity of the gun vacuum system. The photocathode preparation has been studied and developed using a custum-built surface characterisation system which permitsthe preparation of NEA GaAs photocathode in conjunction with the application ofseveral surface science characterisation techniques within the same vacuum system. With GaAs/AlGaAs hetero-structure photocathodes designed and developed in collaboration with the Institute of Semiconductor Physics (ISP/Novosibirsk), quantum efficiencies (QE) of 15 - 19% at 635 nm and long lifetimes of the order of 6,800 hours are achieved in a reproducible way. Using the PPF, I have investigated the degradation in the QE of NEA GaAs photocathodes under exposures to gases typically present in the gun vacuum, namely O2, CO2, CO, H2, CH4 and N2. The effects of these gases on the NEA GaAs photocathodes have been demonstrated for the firrst time in a vacuum set-up with a base pressure in 10E-11 mbar range. It was found that H2, CH4 and N2 have no effect on the photocathodes lifetime, whilst substantial reductions of the QE have been observed during the exposures to O2, CO2 and CO. It was also demonstrated for the first time that the NEA GaAs photocathode activated with Cs and NF3 is more stable during CO2 and CO exposures than the photocathode activated with Cs and O2.
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Pacheco, Edson Sandri. "Uma análise comparativa do custo efetivo total da mão de obra terceirizada contratada pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul versus o custo estimado no mercado de trabalho geral." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132995.
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O trabalho visou dimensionar e comparar o custo pago pela mão de obra terceirizada para as atividades de apoio pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) e o custo estimado desta mão de obra no mercado de trabalho, para qualificar e verificar o grau de dissonância entre ambos. Também foram analisados fatores não financeiros envolvidos, pois impactaram o custo final da mão de obra terceirizada para a Universidade. A proposta de uma avaliação da realidade operacional e financeira do cenário da terceirização contribui positivamente para a busca da eficiência da administração pública. A primeira parte relata sucintamente a formação dos Estados Nacionais até a atualidade. Após se analisa o contexto atual da organização da força de trabalho pública no Brasil, a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988. A terceira parte analisa a realidade gerencial e financeira de dois contratos, relevantes pela abrangência e valores, da mão de obra terceirizada contratada. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a necessidade do estabelecimento de uma evolução na administração, que poderá vir a ser o projeto de uma carreira pública celetista para as atividades de apoio. A terceirização, que surgiu como uma alternativa para a administração pública no passado recente, pode e deve ser vista como uma etapa dentro de um processo contínuo de busca da eficiência administrativa.This research has sought to measure and compare the costs paid to outsourced labor for support activities by the “Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul” (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul) (UFRGS) and the estimated costs for that same labor in the registered work regime market, in order to qualify and verify the range of dissonance between both. Involved non-financial factors have also been analyzed, as they impact the final cost of outsourced labor for the University. The purpose of an operational and financial reality evaluation of the outsourced scenario contributed positively to the seeking of efficiency of public administration. The first part reports succinctly on the preparation of the National States up to the present. Afterwards, the current context of the organization of the public labor force in Brazil is analyzed, based on the Federal Constitution of 1988. The third part analyzes the managerial and financial reality of both labor contacts, relevant by their scope and charges for subcontracted outsourced labor. The obtained findings demonstrate the necessity for establishing evolution in administration, which could become a project of a registered work regime public career of support activities. Outsourcing, which has arisen as an alternative for public administration in the recent past, can and must be viewed as a step in the continual process seeking administrative efficiency.
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Wilson, Jonathan Wesley. "Preparation of brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles from bovine intestine for nutrient uptake studies." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101336.
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Brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles were isolated by subjecting homogenized mucosal cells from bovine small intestine to a divalent cation aggregation followed by a series of differential and density gradient centrifugations. Membrane marker enzyme assays were used to monitor the effectiveness of the fractionation procedure. Enrichments were determined by comparing the enzyme specific activities of the membrane fractions to the homogenate. Sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase served as the enzyme markers for the basolateral and brush border membranes, respectively. Basolateral membrane vesicles enriched 11.1 fold were isolated from the interface of the 31 and 34% sucrose bands of a discontinuous sucrose gradient. Brush border membranes enriched 10.1 fold were isolated from the surface of the 28% sucrose band of a discontinuous sucrose gradient. The use of frozen rather than fresh mucosal tissue in the isolation procedures was found to enhance the purification of basolateral and brush border membrane fractions.
The transport capabilities of vesicles were demonstrated by incubating vesicles with radiolabeled substrate, then separating the vesicles and transported substrate from the incubation buffer by filtration. Substrate uptakes were quantified by liquid scintillation counting. Basolateral membrane vesicles were observed to accumulate substrate into an osmotically active space and to have Na⁺-dependent alanine transport capabilities. The use of basolateral and brush border membrane vesicles as tools to investigate nutrient uptake allows the investigator to manipulate both the extravesicular and intravesicular environments, thus making possible the evaluation of the complex interactions which are involved in nutrient transport mechanisms.M.S.
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Xie, Haibing. "Preparation of high efficiency Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4solar cells based on a single-step sulfo-selenization process." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400605.
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Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) kesterite semiconductors have been proposed as a potential medium to long term replacement of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) chalcopyrites for sustainable cost-efficient thin film technologies compatible with mass deployment at Terawatt level, being only constituted by elements abundant in the earth crust in contrast with the scarce Indium in CIGS. In this thesis, high efficiency CZTSSe solar cells were fabricated based on a single-step sulfo-selenization process. CZTSSe absorbers with optimal S/(S+Se) ratio, minimized Zn(S,Se) secondary phases in the interfaces, and good crystal quality were achieved through systematically fine tuning of various processing parameters during thermal treatments. The thermodynamic equilibrium of the single-step sulfo-selenization process was also analysed to elucidate the impact of different parameters on the thin films S/(S+Se) ratio. Besides, to address the big challenge of secondary phases in CZTSSe solar cells, an innovative (NH4)2S etching was developed for the selective and effective removal of Sn-(S,Se) secondary phases. This (NH4)2S etching can also passivate the absorber surface and a passivation mechanism was proposed to explain this behaviour. To further improve the efficiency of the CZTSSe solar cells, the CZTSSe/CdS interface was focused and engineered. Na spatial distribution in the CZTSSe/CdS interface region was optimized by a post low temperature treatment process (PLTT), leading to considerable enhancement of the performance of CZTSSe solar cells. An innovative Na dynamics model was established to illustrate the Na in-depth profiles. In addition, Cu doped CdS was investigated to reduce the thickness of CdS while keeping the comparable performance of the kesterite devices, which provides new possibilities to address the Cd concern. Finally, to suppress the CZTSSe/CdS interface recombination and reduce the Voc deficit of the CZTSSe solar cells, a facile wet chemical route based on AlCl3/GaCl3 + thioacetamide solutions were developed. The Voc and efficiency improvement after the chemical treatments can be mainly ascribed to the decrease of interface recombination and shunt paths. A champion CZTSSe solar cell with 9.1% efficiency and FF over 69% was achieved after all these processing optimizations (no ARC). This demonstrates that the single-step sulfo-selenization methodology is promising and feasible for obtaining high efficiency CZTSSe solar cells. selenization methodology is promising and feasible for obtaining high efficiency CZTSSe solar cells.Las Kesteritas (Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 o CZTSSe) están llamadas a sustituir a las calcopiritas (Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 o CIGS) como tecnología fotovoltaica de película fina ya que están formadas únicamente por elementos abundantes en la corteza terrestre. En esta tesis, se han fabricado células solares de CZTSSe de alta eficiencia mediante un proceso de sulfo-selenización de un solo paso. Se ha conseguido obtener absorbedores CZTSSe con una ratio S/(S+Se) óptima, un contenido reducido de fases secundarias Zn(S,Se) interfaciales y una calidad cristalina alta a través de la optimización de los parámetros involucrados en los tratamientos térmicos. También se ha realizado un análisis del equilibrio termodinámico durante el proceso de sulfo-selenización para discernir el impacto de dichos parámetros en la ratio final S/(S+Se) de las películas de CZTSSe. Además, se ha abordado la importantísima cuestión de las fases secundarias en las células solares de CZTSSe mediante el desarrollo de un ataque químico con (NH4)2S para la eliminación selectiva de las fases secundarias Sn(S, Se). Se ha comprobado que este ataque químico también tiene efectos pasivantes en la superficie del absorbedor y se propuso un mecanismo para explicar este comportamiento. También se ha llevado a cabo una modificación de la interfaz CZTSSe/CdS optimizando la distribución espacial de Na a través de un proceso post-recocido a baja temperatura que ha conducido a una mejora sustancial del funcionamiento de las células solares. Se propuso un modelo para explicar los perfiles de Na observados. Adicionalmente, se ha investigado el dopaje con Cu de la capa búfer de CdS para reducir su espesor manteniendo un rendimiento similar de los dispositivos fotovoltaicos y minimizar los problemas relacionados con el uso de Cd. Finalmente, se ha desarrollado un tratamiento químico húmedo basado en AlCl3/GaCl3+tioacetamida para reducir la recombinación en la interfaz CZTSSe/CdS mejorando el Voc y la eficiencia de los dispositivos fotovoltaicos. Todo ello, ha conducido a la obtención de una célula solar récord de CZTSSe con un 9.1% de eficiencia y un FF por encima del 69% que demuestra que la sulfo-selenización de un solo paso es una manera viable y prometedora para obtener células solares de CZTSSe de alta eficiencia.
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Hara, Takeshi [Verfasser]. "Study on preparation and characterization of monolithic silica capillary columns for high separation efficiency in high performance liquid chromatography / Takeshi Hara." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1064991351/34.
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Nimer, Refat [Verfasser], and Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Schlüter. "Efficiency of tissue homogenization via picosecond infrared Laser (PIRL) and mechanical homogenization as sample preparation step for proteomics / Refat Nimer ; Betreuer: Hartmut Schlüter." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1128310279/34.
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Pirani, Parisa. "Surface-Engineered Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sample Preparation and Analysis of Proteins and Peptides." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2012.
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Sample preparation as an essential step in mass spectrometry-based analysis, plays a critical role in proteomics studies. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in protein and peptide sample preparation due to their magnetic properties, biocompatibility, easy synthesis and surface functionalization. MNPs loaded with analyte or analyte modification reagent can be easily separated from the reaction medium by an externally applied magnetic field. The small size of MNPs provides high analyte loading and extraction capacity. Additionally, MNP can be decorated with different functional groups to achieve selective modification or extraction of analyte. In this study we have utilized silica coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs) for protein and peptide sample preparation.
Fluorescence-based methods were utilized for quantitative and qualitative characterization of N-hydrosucccinimidyl (NHS) ester groups on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs. Fluorophore Dansylcadaverine was conjugated to NHS ester functional groups. Fluorometric measurement of cleaved dansylcadaveine was employed to determine the number of NHS ester groups per MNPs that was found to be 2.6 × 102 and 3.4 × 103for 20 nm and 100 nm Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPrespectively. The efficiency of labeling native bovine serum albumin (BSA) by NHS ester coated Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs was also explored in terms of maximizing the number of MNPs conjugated per BSA molecule or maximizing the number of BSA molecules conjugated per each MNP.
Lysine residues of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) on the surface of intact human low density lipoprotein (LDL) were labeled by NHS ester modified Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs in aqueous solvents at room temperature. The MNP labeledapoB-100 was treated by SDS to remove lipids and then digested using trypsin. Tryptic peptides were eluted from MNPs by cleaving disulfide linkage between labeled peptides and MNPs. LC-MS/MS analysis found 28 peptides containing labeled lysine residues. These lysine residues should be on the solvent exposed surface of LDL since the large size of MNPs prevents contact of the labeling reagent to those lysines embedded inside the structure of LDL.
TCEP- immobilized Fe3O4@SiO2MNPs were fabricated and utilized for reduction of disulfide bonds in bovine pancreas insulin and two different cyclic peptides. Disulfide bonds were efficiently cleaved at room temperature in both organic and aqueous solvents confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis of reduced/alkylated protein and peptides. Disulfide reduction and alkylation reactions was performed in one step and the reducing agent was simply separated from peptide and protein solution by magnetic separation.
Books on the topic "Efficiency of preparation"
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C, Eisele Timothy, ed. Coal desulfurization: High-efficiency preparation methods. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2001.
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Shalimov, Mihail, Andrey Fiveyskiy, and Ekaterina Votinova. The basics of technological preparation of production. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1027837.
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The tutorial provides basic information about the purpose, content, basic principles and organization of technological preparation of welding production. The types of technical documents, their purpose and content; fundamentals of design of technological process of manufacture of welded structures. Special attention is paid to the optimisation of the design for manufacturability.
A careful study of the textbook material will prepare the student for designing welded structures with the required accuracy and reliability at a given performance and economic efficiency, as well as development of technological processes of welding, providing the weld joints with the desired properties of reliability and safe operation of welded products.
Designed for students training areas 15.03.01 mechanical engineering, 12.03.05 "Laser engineering and laser technologies" may be useful to students of lyceums, colleges, vocational schools and technical schools.
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Adaskin, Anatoliy. Improving the efficiency of tools made of high-speed steels and hard alloys. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1248244.
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The monograph is devoted to improving the efficiency of forming tools made from the most used tool materials: high-speed steels and hard alloys.
For tools made of high-speed steels, a comparative assessment of the standards of industrially developed countries and the Russian Federation was carried out. The characteristic of operational and technological properties is given. High-speed steels and technologies are recommended to increase the efficiency of the tool. Recommendations on the types of tools are given.
The properties of hard alloys and the areas of their rational application are analyzed. The structural materials of prefabricated and soldered tools are considered. Recommendations on the choice of hard alloys are given, directions for the creation of new compositions of hard alloys to increase the efficiency of the tool in the processing of hard-to-process heat-resistant steels and alloys are shown.
It is intended for engineering, technical and scientific workers of the metallurgical and manufacturing industries. It can be used in the preparation of masters, postgraduates of technological universities.
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Kramer, S. J. 14C measurement: Effect of variations in sample preparation and storage on the counting efficiency for 14C using a carbo-sorb/permafluor E+ liquid scintillation cocktail. Chalk River, Ont: Environmental Research Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, 1995.
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Roesky, Herbert W., ed. Efficient Preparations of Fluorine Compounds. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118409466.
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Kerimov, Vagif, Vadim Kos'yanov, and Rustam Mustaev. Design and management of geological exploration works for oil and gas. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1141214.
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The textbook deals with the organization and management of exploration activities for oil and gas, as well as examples of planning, monitoring and implementation of exploration projects in leading oil and gas companies in Russia and the world. Currently, project management is being actively introduced into the practice of oil and gas exploration, and in this connection, the book examines its features, which have become firmly established in the life of many companies in the oil and gas industry.
The main risks of oil and gas exploration are shown. The essence of the local forecast of oil and gas potential and preparation of search objects for drilling is given. The issues of classification of oil and combustible gas reserves and resources are summarized. The geological and economic assessment of the efficiency of geological exploration is considered.
The chapters of the textbook are accompanied by control questions and tasks, as well as topics for essays.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For undergraduates in the direction of training 21.04.01 "Oil and Gas business" and students specializing in the direction 21.05.02 "Applied Geology".
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Chhutiashvili, Lela. Environmental sustainability control system of economic entities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1819036.
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The monograph is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the environmental sustainability control system of economic entities, both internal (internal control services) and external (state supervision (control) and audit). Effective control of the environmental sustainability of economic entities carried out by audit organizations and internal control units in cooperation with state supervision (control) and audit of nature users is carried out in order to verify the compliance of the nature of their environmental activities, products and environmental management systems with current legislation, standards, rules, requirements in the field of environmental protection and to confirm the reliability of their reporting. Confirming the reliability of the reporting of economic entities, environmental supervisors are able to conduct an independent assessment of the environmental sustainability and effectiveness of the environmental activities of the audited organizations, issue their proposals and recommendations for making informed decisions by various stakeholders.
The interaction of audit organizations with the internal control (audit) services of enterprises and state supervision (control) and audit bodies will contribute to the timely preparation of reliable accounting and consolidated financial statements by enterprises and increase the efficiency of their environmental activities.
It is intended for researchers, students, postgraduates and undergraduates, entrepreneurs, managers and anyone interested in the problems of environmental sustainability control of economic entities.
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Barykin, Alex, Valentin Ikryannikov, and Yuriy Budkin. National system of standardization of the Russian Federation. Principles, goals, objectives, forecast of development. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058023.
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The monograph presents the research questions of efficiency of functioning of national standardization system of the Russian Federation, which was conducted by the authors in the framework of the analytical work on the order of Minpromtorg of Russia in 2018 (the state contract from April 17, 2018 No. 18401.16Д0190019.10.002) taking into account the actual directions of development of national standardization system of the Russian Federation and additional generalizations. The assessment of the current scenario of the development of the national standardization system of the Russian Federation was carried out using comparable indicators of the national standardization systems of France, Germany, great Britain and the USA. The findings and proposals were based on the results of a survey of civil servants at the Federal and regional levels on approaches to strategic dimensions of standardization. The methodology of forecasting the development of the national standardization system of the Russian Federation includes a scenario approach and a method of constructing dispersion diagrams (bubble diagrams) and sufficiently illustrates the current state of Affairs in the field of standardization at the national level. The developed tools will require additional configuration when changing the current development scenario from "inertial" to "progressive". A number of author's proposals to change the current scenario of development of the national standardization system of the Russian Federation are presented.
It is of interest to a wide range of readers and specialists in the field of public administration, standardization and can be used in the preparation of curricula and manuals for undergraduate, graduate and further education.
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Sangyōshō, Japan Keizai. Fiscal year 2004 support projects for environment preparation for private-sector power projects in LDC: Feasibility study on efficient supply plan of natural gas (as CNG) in periphery of Bangkok, Thailand. [Tokyo]: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 2005.
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Smith, Graeme. Preparation Tools: Greater Efficiency. Independently Published, 2019.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Efficiency of preparation"
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Bauman, A. V. "Criteria of Engineering Efficiency of Thickening Flowcharts." In XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress, 106–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40943-6_16.
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Rubinstein, Y. B., B. I. Linev, and E. K. Samoylova. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF FINE COAL SLIMES FLOTATION." In XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress, 979–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40943-6_153.
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Tuckey, Kenneth R. G., Ernst Bekker, and Faan Bornmann. "A CYCLONE fOR a REASON – Dense Medium Cyclone Efficiency." In XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress, 1185–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40943-6_186.
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Evans, Michael, and Zavalishin Dmitry. "Managing Efficiency from a Coal Mine/Preparation Plant Complex." In XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress, 205–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40943-6_30.
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Zhao, Shuyan, Jimmy Yu, Xuewu Xu, Xiao Song, Liqin Ren, and Chaodang Wu. "DEVELOPMENT & APPLICATION OF HIGH EFFICIENCY THICKENER WITHOUT MOVING PARTS." In XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress, 727–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40943-6_112.
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BAZHIN, V. Yu, and A. A. PYATERNEVA. "EFFICIENCY OF LOW- GRADE COAL PROCESSING DURING METAL SELECTIVE EXTRACTION." In XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress, 471–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40943-6_71.
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Reichmann, Thomas. "Using Logistics Controlling for efficiency control and preparation of decisions." In Controlling, 72–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60769-1_11.
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Saleeva, Irina, Daria Burova, Evgeniya Zhuravchuk, and Anna Zaremskaya. "The Efficiency of Preparation Phagovet as the Alternative to Antibiotics for Broilers." In Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East (AFE-2021), 949–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91405-9_107.
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Zawadzki, Przemysław, Krzysztof Żywicki, Damian Grajewski, and Filip Górski. "Efficiency of Automatic Design in the Production Preparation Process for an Intelligent Factory." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 543–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97490-3_52.
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Ling, You, and Yueshan Huang. "Preparation and Release Efficiency of Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) Acid Nanoparticles for Drug Loaded Paclitaxel." In 7th Asian-Pacific Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering, 514–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79039-6_129.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Efficiency of preparation"
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Thomas, Ludwig K., Andreas Berghaus, and Michael R. Jacobson. "Preparation of W-WOx cermets for solar selective absorbers." In Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion XIII, edited by Volker Wittwer, Claes G. Granqvist, and Carl M. Lampert. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.185362.
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Shaykhulova, Aygul F., Oksana A. Gavrilova, and Sergey G. Selivanov. "Intellectualization Methods for Production Preparation in Machine Building." In 2021 3rd International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/summa53307.2021.9632135.
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Kashkoush, I., G. Chen, D. Nemeth, and J. Rieker. "Wafer surface preparation for high-efficiency solar cells." In 2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2014.6925132.
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Mallick, A. K., and M. K. A. Khan. "Preparation and properties of manganese dioxide thin films for applications in selective surface." In Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy, edited by Anne Hugot-Le Goff, Claes-Goeran Granqvist, and Carl M. Lampert. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.130525.
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Ptashnik, O. P. "Efficiency of microbial preparations on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the steppe Crimea." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.19.
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One of the most important requirements for Cicer arietinum L. yield improvement and general harvest volumes increasing in the region is the development and implementation of new technologies in agricultural production (Ptashnik O.P., 2017; Petrova G.V., 2018). The major goal of our research was to study the effect of microbial preparations of polyfunctional action in the technology of chickpea cultivation. The research results have shown that the productivity indicators of chickpea plants increased in variants with microbial preparations, i.e. the number of grains per plant by 1-8 pcs. or by 3.7-29.6%; the mass of grains from the plant – by 0.6-2.8 g or 8.5-39.4%; grain size (1000- grain weight) – by 3.4-6.1%. The yield also increased. Thanks to bacterization, this indicator was 0.09-0.2 t/ha or 5.3-11.9% higher. All variants of bacterization showed a significant yield increase. The most effective was the variant of treatment with polyfunctional preparation of the rhizobial- technological complex (RTC) 10; in this case, we obtained the highest yield (1.87 t/ha). Analysis of economic efficiency confirms the effectiveness and feasibility of this preparation. The profitability of Cicer arietinum L. growing increases by 1.36 times. The results obtained indicate that the use of seed bacterization with polyfunctional preparation in growing technology of Cicer arietinum L. makes it possible to increase the yield and gross yield of this crop without significant production costs.
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Abdullaev, M. A., J. K. Amirkhanova, R. M. Gadjieva, M. A. Kakagasanov, and P. P. Khokhlachov. "Preparation of photosensitive CuInGe2 thin film heterostructures and investigation of its optoelectronic properties." In Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion XIII, edited by Volker Wittwer, Claes G. Granqvist, and Carl M. Lampert. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.185422.
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Semivelitchenko, Evgeniy, Vladimir Yu Ivanov, Irek Z. Mustaev, and Timur I. Mustaev. "Using a Sociophysical Approach to Assess the Effectiveness of Production Preparation." In 2021 3rd International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/summa53307.2021.9632175.
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Lue, Jen-Lang, Jack Lee, and Jian-Shing Luo. "New Techniques to Improve the Efficiency of TEM Sample Preparation." In ISTFA 2002. ASM International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2002p0221.
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Abstract Three techniques have been developed for TEM sample preparation to improve efficiency in terms of time reduction and success rate. The first technique is to closely control the thickness of a sample for a specific area to less than 10µm by mechanical polishing before undergoing FIB thinning. The second one is to repair cracks produced during mechanical polishing before further milling in the ion miller. The last one is to provide an in-FIB remedy for face-to-face cross-sectional samples, which peel from each other during mechanical polishing. These new techniques will substantially enhance the success rate and turnaround time for TEM sample preparation.
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Wang, Feipeng, Xuetong Zhao, and Jian Li. "PVDF energy-harvesting devices: Film preparation, electric poling, energy-harvesting efficiency." In 2015 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2015.7352153.
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Bacholle, Simon, Francesco Fenu, Etienne Parizot, and Mario E. Bertaina. "EUSO-Balloon trigger efficiency in preparation of a long duration flight." In The 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.236.0608.
Full textReports on the topic "Efficiency of preparation"
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Novikova, E. N., I. S. Koba, M. S. Dubovikova, and M. B. Reshetka. THERAPEUTIC EFFICIENCY OF THE PREPARATION FLORIMNAZOL IN COMPLEX TREATMENT SCHEMES CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS IN COWS. Белорусская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия (Горки), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/en18tak.
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Overbey, W. K. Jr, R. S. Carden, and J. N. Kirr. Recovery Efficiency Test Project: Phase 1, Activity report. Volume 1: Site selection, drill plan preparation, drilling, logging, and coring operations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10121393.
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Overbey, W. K. Jr, D. W. Wilkins, B. Keltch, B. Saradji, and S. P. Salamy. Recovery Efficiency Test Project: Phase 1, Activity report. Volume 2, Well testing and analysis data evaluation and report preparation site reclamation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10120257.
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Ступнік, М. І., В. С. Моркун, and З. П. Бакум. Information and Communication Technologies in the Process of Mining Engineer Training. Криворізький державний педагогічний університет, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/405.
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Based on scientific analysis the authors of the article argued the necessity of solving priority tasks – the development of new educational technologies aimed at supporting the training of engineers in terms of the mining engineering as high-tech industry. The features of mining computer technologies are determined. There was worked out the project of the adaptive system of a mining engineer individual training "Electronic manual" aimed at the development of future professionals. The essence of individual preparation of future mining engineer ICT is defined. It is proved that the efficiency of the designing and planning of mining operations through the introduction of ICT at present is the real way to influence the quality of mining products that will promote individual learning orientation. For the first time pedagogical foundations for introducing adaptive training of mining engineers are clarified.
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Azem, Abdussalam, George Lorimer, and Adina Breiman. Molecular and in vivo Functions of the Chloroplast Chaperonins. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697111.bard.
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We present here the final report for our research project entitled "The molecular and in vivo functions of the chloroplast chaperonins”. Over the past few decades, intensive investigation of the bacterial GroELS system has led to a basic understanding of how chaperonins refold denatured proteins. However, the parallel is limited in its relevance to plant chaperonins, since the plant system differs from GroEL in genetic complexity, physiological roles of the chaperonins and precise molecular structure. Due to the importance of plant chaperonins for chloroplast biogenesis and Rubisco assembly, research on this topic will have implications for many vital applicative fields such as crop hardiness and efficiency of plant growth as well as the production of alternative energy sources. In this study, we set out to investigate the structure and function of chloroplast chaperonins from A. thaliana. Most plants harbor multiple genes for chaperonin proteins, making analysis of plant chaperonin systems more complicated than the GroEL-GroES system. We decided to focus on the chaperonins from A. thaliana since the genome of this plant has been well defined and many materials are available which can help facilitate studies using this system. Our proposal put forward a number of goals including cloning, purification, and characterization of the chloroplast cpn60 subunits, antibody preparation, gene expression patterns, in vivo analysis of oligomer composition, preparation and characterization of plant deletion mutants, identification of substrate proteins and biophysical studies. In this report, we describe the progress we have made in understanding the structure and function of chloroplast chaperonins in each of these categories.
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Spencer, Thomas E., Elisha Gootwine, Arieh Gertler, and Fuller W. Bazer. Placental lactogen enhances production efficiency in sheep. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586543.bard.
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The key objectives of this BARD project were to: (1) study long-term effects of immunization of prepubertal ewes against recombinant ovine placental lactogen (roPL) on subsequent birth weights of their lambs and their milk production; (2) optimize the anti-roPL immunization protocol using adjuvant preparations acceptable to producers and regulatory agencies; and (3) determine the physiological mechanism(s) whereby immunization against oPL increases fetal growth and development and mammogenesis. These objectives were based on key findings from a previous BARD project that: (a) immunization of ewes against roPL increased lamb birth weight and ewe milk production during lactation; (b) roPL and recombinant ovine growth hormone (roGH) increased the proliferation and differentiated function of endometrial glands that, in turn, would enhance uterine secretions necessary for fetal and placental growth; and (c) exogenous roPL and roGH stimulated mammogenesis and milk production during lactation. The BARD projects address central problems in sheep production, including reproductive failure due to embryonic/fetal mortality, low birth weight of lambs especially in prolific breeds, and reduced milk yields which affect neonatal survival. The sheep placenta secretes both lactogenic (oPL) and somatogenic (oGH) hormones. The receptors for those hormones are present in the fetus and placenta as well as maternal uterus, and mammary gland. Our research has focused on determining the biological role of these placental hormones in development and differentiation of the uterus during gestation and the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. Studies conducted in the current BARD project indicated that the effects of anti-roPL immunization were variable in ewes and that commercially available and widely acceptable adjuvant preparations were not effective to produce high anti-roPL titers in pre-pubertal ewes. In the non-prolific Rambouillet ewe in Texas and in the Awassi and the Assaf in Israel, anti-roPL immunization increased lamb birth weight; however, the magnitude of this effect and the inherent variability precluded our ability to determine the physiological mechanism of how the immunization increases fetal growth. Collectively, our findings suggest that anti-roPL immunization is not currently feasible as an easy and efficacious tool for the producer to increase flock reproductive and production efficiency. The variability in response of individual ewes to anti-roPL immunization likely includes modifying the recombinant hormone and the type of adjuvant used for the immunization. In particular, the oPL may need to be modified to ensure maximum antigenicity in a broad range of breed types. Nonetheless, the investigators continue to collaborate on identifying fundamental mechanisms that can be improved by genetics or management to enhance the efficiency of uteroplacental function and, in turn, fetal growth and development. High prolificacy is a desirable trait in intensive sheep production systems. One of the main limitations of using prolific breeds of sheep is that increased litter size is associated with low birth weights and increased mortality of lambs. Further, low birth weight is associated with an increased propensity for adult diseases and decreased production efficiency. Indeed, our recent studies find that the birth weights of lambs born in large litters can be improved by both genetics and management. Future cooperative research will continue to focus on reproductive efficiency of sheep that have broader implications for improving production efficiency in all types of ruminant livestock.
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Перерва, Вікторія Вікторівна. Педагогічні умови становлення професійно-термінологічної компетентності майбутнього вчителя біології. Державний заклад «Південноукраїнський національний університет імені К. Д. Ушинського», 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4233.
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У статті розкрито сутність поняття «умова» та охарактеризовано зміст поняття «педагогічні умови». На основі узагальнення існуючих наукових підходів подано розуміння педагогічних умов формування професійно-термінологічної компетентності майбутніх вчителів біології в ході фахової підготовки. Визначено та обґрунтовано основні педагогічні умови формування професійно-термінологічної компетентності майбутніх вчителів біології. В статье раскрыта сущность понятия «условие» и охарактеризованы содержание понятия «педагогические условия». На основе обобщения существующих научных подходов подано понимание педагогических условий формирования профессионально-терминологической компетентности будущих учителей биологии в ходе профессиональной подготовки. Определены и обоснованы основные педагогические условия формирования профессионально-терминологической компетентности будущих учителей биологии. In the article essence of concept «condition» is exposed and maintenance of concept «pedagogical condition» is described. The generalization of existent scientific approaches the understanding of pedagogical terms of forming of professional and terminology competence of future biology teachers is given in the process of professional preparation. The main aspect of modern pedagogical research of the increasing the efficiency of the educational process problems is the identification, substantiation and verification of pedagogical conditions that ensure the success of the activity. The problem of identifying and substantiating the pedagogical conditions of professional and terminological competence of future biology teachers formation during professional training remained out of the attention of the researchers. The effective pedagogical conditions depend on the clearly determining the structure of methodological support in accordance with the ultimate goal, as well as on the implementation of an interdependent set of conditions. Considering that for the biology teacher, as well as for the doctor, Latin is the basis of professional and terminological competence.
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Klement, Eyal, Elizabeth Howerth, William C. Wilson, David Stallknecht, Danny Mead, Hagai Yadin, Itamar Lensky, and Nadav Galon. Exploration of the Epidemiology of a Newly Emerging Cattle-Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Israel. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697118.bard.
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In September 2006 an outbreak of 'Bluetongue like' disease struck the cattle herds in Israel. Over 100 dairy and beef cattle herds were affected. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) (an Orbivirusclosely related to bluetongue virus (BTV)), was isolated from samples collected from several herds during the outbreaks. Following are the aims of the study and summary of the results: which up until now were published in 6 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Three more articles are still under preparation: 1. To identify the origin of the virus: The virus identified was fully sequenced and compared with the sequences available in the GenBank. It appeared that while gene segment L2 was clustered with EHDV-7 isolated in Australia, most of the other segments were clustered with EHDV-6 isolates from South-Africa and Bahrain. This may suggest that the strain which affected Israel on 2006 may have been related to similar outbreaks which occurred in north-Africa at the same year and could also be a result of reassortment with an Australian strain (Wilson et al. article in preparation). Analysis of the serological results from Israel demonstrated that cows and calves were similarly positive as opposed to BTV for which seropositivity in cows was significantly higher than in calves. This finding also supports the hypothesis that the 2006 EHD outbreak in Israel was an incursive event and the virus was not present in Israel before this outbreak (Kedmi et al. Veterinary Journal, 2011) 2. To identify the vectors of this virus: In the US, Culicoides sonorensis was found as an efficient vector of EHDV as the virus was transmitted by midges fed on infected white tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileusvirginianus) to susceptible WTD (Ruder et al. Parasites and Vectors, 2012). We also examined the effect of temperature on replication of EHDV-7 in C. sonorensis and demonstrated that the time to detection of potentially competent midges decreased with increasing temperature (Ruder et al. in preparation). Although multiple attempts were made, we failed to evaluate wild-caught Culicoidesinsignisas a potential vector for EHDV-7; however, our finding that C. sonorensis is a competent vector is far more significant because this species is widespread in the U.S. As for Israeli Culicoides spp. the main species caught near farms affected during the outbreaks were C. imicolaand C. oxystoma. The vector competence studies performed in Israel were in a smaller scale than in the US due to lack of a laboratory colony of these species and due to lack of facilities to infect animals with vector borne diseases. However, we found both species to be susceptible for infection by EHDV. For C. oxystoma, 1/3 of the Culicoidesinfected were positive 11 days post feeding. 3. To identify the host and environmental factors influencing the level of exposure to EHDV, its spread and its associated morbidity: Analysis of the cattle morbidity in Israel showed that the disease resulted in an average loss of over 200 kg milk per cow in herds affected during September 2006 and 1.42% excess mortality in heavily infected herds (Kedmi et al. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010). Outbreak investigation showed that winds played a significant role in virus spread during the 2006 outbreak (Kedmi et al. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2010). Further studies showed that both sheep (Kedmi et al. Veterinary Microbiology, 2011) and wild ruminants did not play a significant role in virus spread in Israel (Kedmi et al. article in preparation). Clinical studies in WTD showed that this species is highly susceptibile to EHDV-7 infection and disease (Ruder et al. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2012). Experimental infection of Holstein cattle (cows and calves) yielded subclinical viremia (Ruder et al. in preparation). The findings of this study, which resulted in 6 articles, published in peer reviewed journals and 4 more articles which are in preparation, contributed to the dairy industry in Israel by defining the main factors associated with disease spread and assessment of disease impact. In the US, we demonstrated that sufficient conditions exist for potential virus establishment if EHDV-7 were introduced. The significant knowledge gained through this study will enable better decision making regarding prevention and control measures for EHDV and similar viruses, such as BTV.
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Pirone, Thomas P., Benjamin Raccah, and Nor Chejanovsky. Vector Specificity in Potyvirus Transmission: Role of the Helper Component. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586456.bard.
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Objectives: The overall objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of how potyviruses interact with their aphid vectors. The aim was to design new approaches for prevention of potyvirus spread by aphids. The sub-objectives included: (1). Determination of which of the HCs of different potyviruses effect efficient transmission by specific aphid vectors; (2). Determine regions in the HC that play a role in their compatibility with the vector; (3). Determine the factors within the aphid stylets that modify HC activity in transmission. Background of the topic: Background to the topic: Potyviruses are typical non persistent viruses. They are retained within the vector’s stylets and rapidly lost by the vector. Some potyviruses greatly differ in their ability to be transmitted by different aphid species. The present work centered on analyzing factors that may modify the interactions between the "helper component"(HC), the virions and the aphid species involved. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: It was established that specificity of transmission may depend on aphid species used. It was also shown that specificity may depend on the affinity between HC and virion. However, the attempts to create activechimericTEV/TuMVHCs or ZYMV/TuMVHCs to identify the regions that determine interaction with a specific vector(s), were not successful. More progress was attained in objective 3: In Kentucky, tests were conducted to ascertain retention tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) HC in the stylets of L. erysimicompared to that in M. persicae. Ultra-thin section of stylets of aphids that fed on either TuMVHC or TVMVHC antibodies were treated with gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibodies.TuMV was seen in 25% the stylets of L. erysimi when they acquired TuMVHC but not when they acquired TVMVHC. In M. persicae, TVMVHC was present in 30% of the stylets. . Transmission with TuMVHC was not affected by treatment with L. erysimi saliva whereas transmission with PVYHC (which also is not functional in L. erysimi) was consistently reduced by about half. Saliva from M. persicaehad essentially no effect on either HC. The possible role aphid cuticle proteins (which are found on the stylets surface) in the association with the potyviralHC was investigated in Israel. This was done adopting two approaches: (a) isolation of cuticular proteins from aphid cuticle; (b) screening for genes encoding cuticular proteins. In the first approach, we succeeded in extracting proteins from whole homogenized M. persicaeusing concentrated urea. The extracted protein served for preparation of anti cuticular antibodies. In overlay experiments it was found that cuticular proteins specifically bind to ZYMVHC. In addition, a cDNA library of M. persicae has been prepared. Genes encoding for cuticular proteins were ascertained using antibodies to cuticular proteins. This allowed reporting the sequence of the first cuticular gene of aphids and comparing it in six aphid species. Implications, scientific and agricultural: Achievements: (1) Proofs were provided for the role of the specificity of the aphid species to the HC of certain potyviruses; (2) aphid’s saliva was found to affects transmission efficiency; (3) cuticle protein genes were isolated for the first time from aphid species and an association of cuticle protein with the potyviralHC was discerned. Agricultural and/or economic impact of the research findings: At this stage of research, our finding do not bear an agricultural or economic impact.
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Schwartz, Bertha, Vaclav Vetvicka, Ofer Danai, and Yitzhak Hadar. Increasing the value of mushrooms as functional foods: induction of alpha and beta glucan content via novel cultivation methods. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600033.bard.
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During the granting period, we performed the following projects: Firstly, we differentially measured glucan content in several pleurotus mushroom strains. Mushroom polysaccharides are edible polymers that have numerous reported biological functions; the most common effects are attributed to β-glucans. In recent years, it became apparent that the less abundant α-glucans also possess potent effects in various health conditions. In our first study, we explored several Pleurotus species for their total, β and α-glucan content. Pleurotuseryngii was found to have the highest total glucan concentrations and the highest α-glucans proportion. We also found that the stalks (stipe) of the fruit body contained higher glucan content then the caps (pileus). Since mushrooms respond markedly to changes in environmental and growth conditions, we developed cultivation methods aiming to increase the levels of α and β-glucans. Using olive mill solid waste (OMSW) from three-phase olive mills in the cultivation substrate. We were able to enrich the levels mainly of α-glucans. Maximal total glucan concentrations were enhanced up to twice when the growth substrate contained 80% of OMSW compared to no OMSW. Taking together this study demonstrate that Pleurotuseryngii can serve as a potential rich source of glucans for nutritional and medicinal applications and that glucan content in mushroom fruiting bodies can be further enriched by applying OMSW into the cultivation substrate. We then compared the immune-modulating activity of glucans extracted from P. ostreatus and P. eryngii on phagocytosis of peripheral blood neutrophils, and superoxide release from HL-60 cells. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of these glucans are partially mediated through modulation of neutrophileffector functions (P. eryngiiwas more effective). Additionally, both glucans dose-dependently competed for the anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibody binding. We then tested the putative anti-inflammatory effects of the extracted glucans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced model in mice. The clinical symptoms of IBD were efficiently relieved by the treatment with two different doses of the glucan from both fungi. Glucan fractions, from either P. ostreatus or P. eryngii, markedly prevented TNF-α mediated inflammation in the DSS–induced inflamed intestine. These results suggest that there are variations in glucan preparations from different fungi in their anti-inflammatory ability. In our next study, we tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α. We demonstrated that glucan extracts are more effective than mill mushroom preparations. Additionally, the effectiveness of stalk-derived glucans were slightly more pronounced than of caps. Cap and stalk glucans from mill or isolated glucan competed dose-dependently with anti-Dectin-and anti-CR-3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-inflammatory bowel disease mice model, intestinal inflammatory response to the mill preparations was measured and compared to extracted glucan fractions from caps and stalks. We found that mill and glucan extracts were very effective in downregulatingIFN-γ and MIP-2 levels and that stalk-derived preparations were more effective than from caps. The tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes and upregulating the levels of fecal-released IgA to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating some IBD-inflammatory associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii. These spatial distinctions may be helpful in selecting more effective specific anti-inflammatory mushrooms-derived glucans. We additionally tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, which demonstrated stalk-derived glucans were more effective than of caps-derived glucans. Isolated glucans competed with anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating IBD-associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii grown at higher concentrations of OMSW. We conclude that these stress-induced growing conditions may be helpful in selecting more effective glucans derived from edible mushrooms. Based on the findings that we could enhance glucan content in Pleurotuseryngii following cultivation of the mushrooms on a substrate containing different concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) and that these changes are directly related to the content of OMSW in the growing substrate we tested the extracted glucans in several models. Using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model, we measured the colonic inflammatory response to the different glucan preparations. We found that the histology damaging score (HDS) resulting from DSS treatment reach a value of 11.8 ± 2.3 were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans, glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 20% OMSWdownregulated to a HDS value of 6.4 ± 0.5 and at 80% OMSW showed the strongest effects (5.5 ± 0.6). Similar downregulatory effects were obtained for expression of various intestinal cytokines. All tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes from 18.2 ± 2.7 % for DSS to 6.4 ± 2.0 for DSS +glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 50% OMSW. We finally tested glucans extracted from Pleurotuseryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSWdownregulatedTNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expression of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induces production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.