Journal articles on the topic 'Efficiency and equity in higher education'
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Psacharopoulos, George. "Efficiency and equity in Greek higher education." Minerva 26, no. 2 (1988): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01096692.
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Gabrichidze, Tinatin. "Higher Education Funding Strategies: Towards Equity, Efficiency, and Quality." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 19 (June 30, 2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n19p20.
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As economists have become increasingly interested in higher education, economic reasoning has been applied, resulting in extremely useful research in higher education. With the growth of market forces in higher education, the changing role of government, and advances in research on the economics of higher education, higher education funding is increasingly seen as a tool to stimulate the market. The development of an effective funding strategy may be one of the keys to developing higher education - its quality and efficiency, increasing equity and equality. The article adds to the existing literature on higher education funding and the impact of market forces on higher education. It aims to provide an analysis of economic reasoning applied to higher education, which can be used as a tool to develop a funding strategy. It also includes an overview of different funding models concerning economic reasoning and synthesizes different funding strategies regarding their impact on the higher education market.
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Garca-Pealosa, C. "Efficiency and equity effects of subsidies to higher education." Oxford Economic Papers 52, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 702–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/52.4.702.
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Bevc, Milena, and Sonja Uršič. "Relations between funding, equity, and efficiency of higher education." Education Economics 16, no. 3 (September 2008): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09645290802338037.
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Garci-Pealosa, C. "Erratum. Efficiency and equity effects of subsidies to higher education." Oxford Economic Papers 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/53.1.187.
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Dundar, Halil Dundar, and Darrell R. Lewis. "Equity, quality and efficiency effects of reform in Turkish higher education." Higher Education Policy 12, no. 4 (December 1999): 343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-8733(99)00016-1.
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Boughey, C. "From Equity to Efficiency: Access to higher education in South Africa." Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474022203002001006.
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Fahim, Yasmine, and Noha Sami. "Adequacy, efficiency and equity of higher education financing: The case of Egypt." PROSPECTS 41, no. 1 (March 2011): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11125-011-9182-x.
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Bevc, Milena. "Funding, equity and efficiency of higher education: introduction to the special issue." Education Economics 16, no. 3 (September 2008): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09645290802338219.
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Schiefelbein, E. "Higher Education in Latin America: Issues of Efficiency and Equity. Donald R. Winkler." Comparative Education Review 35, no. 3 (August 1991): 571–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/447062.
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Lin, Wang, and Liu Jun. "Educational Equity and Higher Education Resource Allocation Efficiency - Resource Optimization or Resource Waste? -." Journal of China Area Studies 9, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34243/jcas.9.4.131.
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Geng, Yuqing, Hongwei Zhu, Nan Zhao, and Qinghua Zhai. "A New Framework to Evaluate Sustainable Higher Education: An Analysis of China." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (June 25, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6769202.
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The 7E framework to evaluate sustainable higher education proposed in this article is a new and comprehensive one and enjoys the simplicity to remember and spread. This article selects regions of China and compares the development status and coupling coordination level of sustainable higher education both temporally and spatially from the aspects of expenditure, existence, efficiency, effectiveness, economy, equity, and equality based on the 7E framework with the combined method of information entropy weight analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution and coupling coordination degree model. Applicable, generalizable, and constructive countermeasures of sustainable higher education for different regions are also proposed according to the analysis results, which are also references to other places with similar conditions in the world. The framework and the methods are proved effective and useful in evaluating sustainable higher education.
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QIUHENG, SHI, and WANG DELIN. "Credit: A New Perspective for Solving the Contradiction Between Equity and Efficiency in Higher Education." Chinese Education & Society 37, no. 1 (January 2004): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2004.11031609.
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Newman, Emmanuel. "Budgeting and Fund Allocation in Higher Education in Ghana." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 4, no. 9 (September 30, 2013): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v4i9.131.
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The National Council for Tertiary Education (NCTE) the coordinating body for tertiary education in Ghana) and the Ministry of Education established norms in the early 1990s to assist higher education institutions in planning and ensuring efficiency of their operations and foster performance monitoring and evaluation. The norms also serve as standardised input factors for budgeting and allocation of public funds for higher education. During the past years, budgetary allocation to higher education institutions for recurrent expenditure has fallen short of the norm-based costs. Indeed, the difference between the normbased costs of university education and resources made available to the institutions by the Government were 28.9% in 2005/06 and 23.4% in 2009/10. The consequence of the inability of the state to provide funds to meet the norm-based costs of higher education is the breakdown of norm-based budgeting which was instituted in the early 1990s and a reversion to incremental and ad-hoc budgeting without due regard to the volume of activities performed by the institutions. This development has had grave consequences for equity and efficiency in fund management in higher education. This work assesses the factors behind the discontinuance of the norm-based budgeting approach and the use of the incremental budgeting approaches in higher education in Ghana.
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Radhakrishna, R. "Towards Reforming the Education System in India." Indian Public Policy Review 1, no. 2(Nov-Dec) (November 5, 2020): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55763/ippr.2020.01.02.003.
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Issue: Nov-Dec 2020
Education is a major determinant of human resource development which enables people to get better insights into the complex world they inhabit, enabling them to harness and experience their potential capabilities. This paper scrutinises the performance of the entire gamut of the education sector of India. To weigh this performance with some yardstick, the study makes a comparison of India’s performance with that of other BRICS countries. The study focuses on governance structure, quality of educational standards, and inequality issues, and addresses the issues relating to increasing prominence of privatization at all levels of education and its consequences on efficiency and equity in educational facilities. Overall, the study stresses the importance of “more and better education” including high levels of technical knowledge and skill formation. It highlights the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education sector in India. Finally, it identifies the emerging challenges in higher education and suggests reforms for achieving efficiency with equity which is the sine qua non for building a better and advanced society.
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Sun, Weiheng. "Analysis of Problems and Countermeasures in the Allocation of Educational Resources in Urban and Rural Areas of China." International Journal of Education and Humanities 5, no. 2 (October 27, 2022): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v5i2.2139.
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At the present stage, the scatter of basic education resources between urban and rural areas is extremely unbalanced, and the gap between development levels is large, which has seriously affected the development of China's education and the construction of a harmonious society. Based on the reality of unbalanced allocation of urban and rural education resources, we should propose to re integrate town teaching resources according to the development trend of education urbanization, implement the principle of paying attention to equity and giving consideration to efficiency, and provide higher quality education for rural children. Take the scientific unity of education quality, efficiency and equity as the strategic goal, focus and breakthrough of reallocation of education resources, fundamentally reverse and eliminate the differential allocation of rural educational materials, ensure the full investment of financial resources for rural compulsory education, and accelerate the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education. This paper aims to come true the sharing of town teaching resources, deepen the reform of town and country education system, and broaden the financing channels for town and country education.
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Ellis, Robin Ann. "Performance-Based Funding: Equity Analysis of Funding Distribution among State Universities." Journal of Educational Issues 1, no. 2 (July 16, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v1i2.7412.
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<p>How to finance higher education remains controversial among policy makers and constituencies across the United States. Texas is not exempt from the controversy. With increasingly strained state finances, institutions of higher education and the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) have come under pressure to increase performance accountability, efficiency, and competitiveness. In Texas, House Bill 9 (H.B. 9) was enacted in 2011 to dedicate a portion of state funding to public colleges and universities that meet specific performance-based standards. Although H.B. 9 has been passed and signed into law, it still has not been determined how funding will be distributed or how effective it will be. This paper analyzes data from several states with similar performance-based funding standards to help bring to light to the possible effects H.B. 9 will have on Texas’ public four-year universities.</p>
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Kariya, Takehiko. "Japanese solutions to the equity and efficiency dilemma? Secondary schools, inequity and the arrival of ‘universal’ higher education." Oxford Review of Education 37, no. 2 (April 2011): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2011.559388.
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Shabazian, Ani N. "Voices That Matter: Chief Administrative Officers’ Role in the Student Discipline Gap." Urban Education 55, no. 1 (June 5, 2016): 66–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085916651319.
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This study explores how community socioeconomic status (SES), geographical location, and administrator perspectives influence the implementation of exclusionary disciplinary policies. Using Geographical Information Systems mapping technology, in-depth interviewing, and document analysis, this study finds that schools located in high SES sectors have higher rates of exclusionary disciplinary practices, whereas schools located in low SES sectors have lower levels. The findings also indicate five normative values that influence leadership’s decisions to exclude students more frequently. These guiding belief systems include productive efficiency, equality versus equity, the potential of legal liability, prescribing to a cultural deficit ideology, and the notion of strict surveillance.
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D. Lucido, Jr, Mauro. "Issues, Perceptions, and Challenges of Amalgamation in Higher Education Institutions in Calabarzon: Quality School Management Strategic Plan." International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 2, no. 4 (December 14, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54476/iimrj310.
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This quantitative survey described the occurring scenario among higher educational institutions having amalgamation as one of the strategies in rationalizing the Philippine higher education. The study dealt with the perceptions, issues, and perceived challenges of 90 administrators and 260 instructors/professors concerning amalgamation in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) among the selected state universities and colleges in Region IV-A (CALABARZON) during the Academic Year 2017-2018. A researcher-constructed questionnaire served to gather the data. Weighted mean and ttest for independent means were employed to determine the differences on the perceptions of the respondents at 0.05 level of significance. Results indicated that the administrator-respondents were more aware of the idea of amalgamation than the instructor/professor-respondents. The respondents agreed in most of the items about amalgamation of HEI along access and equity, efficiency and effectiveness, relevance and responsiveness, utilization of resources, and quality and excellence. As to the issues on amalgamation, the administrators comparably perceived serious issues on amalgamation practices that needed urgent action such as delivery of projected student number, plans to meet financial and strategic goals, blueprint for the merged entity, governance and organization structure during the pre-merger phase, governance and organization structure during the transitional phase, quality assurance, and employees’ rights. A significant difference was found between the perception of the administrator- and instructor/professor-respondents towards the issues on amalgamation practices in terms of access and equity, efficiency and effectiveness, utilization of resources, quality and excellence, and blueprint of the merged entity.
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Lopes, Ana Sofia Patrício Pinto, and Pedro Manuel Rodrigues Carreira. "Adult workers in higher education: enhancing social mobility." Education + Training 62, no. 9 (December 21, 2018): 1101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-03-2018-0056.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to verify if adult education can contribute to social mobility by analysing how the socioeconomic and professional background of the students affects dropout and graduation hazards in higher education. Design/methodology/approach An event history analysis approach, with competing risks and discrete time, implemented under a multinomial logit model, is used to investigate how an extensive set of covariates affects the risk of graduation, dropout and persistence of 834 adult student workers from a higher education institution in Portugal. Findings Adult education may indeed be effective in promoting social mobility, as academic achievement is higher for student workers that have low educated parents and low income levels. Also, the probability of achieving graduation seems to be higher for those seeking for higher transformation. Practical implications Adult education should be encouraged as it generates both efficiency and equity benefits. Some policy recommendations are suggested for the higher education system to adapt better to the particular characteristics of adult workers and provide conditions to improve the job–study–family conciliation, namely, by adjusting the schedule and composition of classes, appreciating the curriculum and providing orientation to candidates, and introducing shorter/simplified versions of the degrees. Originality/value A separate treatment is given to adult student workers, whose characteristics are very particular, enriching the literature on academic achievement that has been focussed on traditional students. Additionally, the studied data set merges five sources and provides extensive and original information on personal, degree and employment variables of the students.
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Alexander, Nicola A., and Sung Tae Jang. "Equity and efficiency of Minnesota educational expenditures with a focus on English learners, 2003-2011: A retrospective look in a time of accountability." education policy analysis archives 25 (February 27, 2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.25.2811.
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Policymakers and practitioners often must balance distributing resources equitably and efficiently while being accountable for high student achievement. This paper focuses on these concepts as they relate to English learners and examines equity and efficiency in Minnesota’s educational funding from 2003 through 2011, the years spanning implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act and Minnesota’s waiver from its regulations. Equity refers to the distribution of resources in the achievement of established goals (Alexander, 2012); efficiency entails the attainment of those goals using fewer resources (Rolle, 2004). We measure equity by looking at three standard distribution measures: (1) McCloone Index; (2) Verstegen Index; and (3) Coefficient of Variation (Odden & Picus, 2008). We operationalize efficiency using data envelope analysis, thus getting at aspects of technical efficiency. We found that distribution of expenditures are increasingly uneven in the nine-year period examined. This inequality was largely driven by low-spending districts falling farther behind the median. Moreover, despite specific guidelines in its school finance formula that awarded additional resources for English learner populations, districts with higher portions of English learners have lower total and instructional expenditures per pupil, not higher. If more dollars are not available for EL programming, then doing more with less becomes paramount. Nevertheless, the efficiency of resource use was relatively constant over the years examined with efficiency in the use of education resources similar for English learners as it was for the population overall.
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Schenkman, Simone, Aylene Bousquat, and Maria Paula Ferreira. "Efficiency Analysis in Brazil’s Sao Paulo State Local Unified Health System (SUS): From Gender-Ethnicity-Power Inequities to the Dissolution of Health Effectiveness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 2990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052990.
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Health equity is cross sectioned by the reproduction of social relations of gender, ethnicity and power. The purpose of this article is to assess how intersectional health equity determines societal health levels, in a local efficiency analysis within Brazil’s Unified Health System (SUS), among Sao Paulo state municipalities. Fixed Panel Effects Model and Data Envelopment Analysis techniques were applied, according to resources, health production and intersectoral dimensions. The effect variables considered were expectation of life at birth and infant mortality rates, in 2000 and 2010, according to local health regions (HR) and regionalized healthcare networks (RRAS). Inequity was assessed both socioeconomically and culturally (income, education, ethnicity and gender). Both methods demonstrated that localities with higher inequities (income and education, gender and ethnicity oriented), associated or not to vulnerability (young and low-income families, in subnormal urban agglomerations), were the least efficient. Health production contributes too little to health levels, especially at the local level, which is highly correlated to the intersectoral dimension. Intersectional health equity, reinforced in its intertwining with ethnicity, gender and social position, is essential in order to achieve adequate societal health levels, beyond health access or sanitary and clinical efficacy.
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Hemmati, Reza, and Rasoul Abbasi Taghidizaj. "A Boolean Analysis of Structural and Organizational Determinants of Equality and Efficiency Balance in Higher Education." Comparative Sociology 18, no. 5-6 (December 11, 2019): 791–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341510.
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Abstract Efficiency and equality are both important goals and values in higher education, and their concurrency (balance) has been one of the main concerns of higher education scholars and policy makers over the past decades. The aim of the present study is to discover the causal mechanism and contextual factors that are likely to result in concurrency of equality and efficiency in higher education. To this end, the combination of two explanatory theories of equality and efficiency were used. The theory of equality focused on three dimensions of equal opportunities, modernization, and cultural differences. Likewise, to explain efficiency, Chalabi’s three-level causal model of sustainable production of science was used. Methodologically, a multiple case study method was adopted, and the cases under study (nine countries) were selected based on purposive sampling. The findings showed that for the concurrency of equality and efficiency in higher education, a set of conditions must be present in the configurational and combinational causality. The preconditions for this concurrency is the presence of some social conditions such as productive economy, the rule of law, inter-societies competitiveness, social cohesion, democracy, universalism, egalitarianism (at macro level), meritocracy, academic autonomy, and organizational competitiveness (at the meso level) and the absence of some other conditions including fatalism (at the macro level).
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Mitoko, Newton Ochieng. "An Assessment of the Legal Framework Safeguarding Academic Staff: A Factor in the Declining Quality of Higher Education in Kenya." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 4, no. 3 (June 19, 2021): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-zom6pvek.
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A paper that seeks to investigate the legal framework safeguarding academic staff; whether or not, it has an impact on the declining quality of higher education in Kenya. Due to globalization and privatization of higher education, the field has been open to forces, which have seen institutions, become the centers of exploitation. Incidents in which university staff have threatened to strike or put down their tools have become the norm. Such situations have denied youth the right to access education. To remedy the foregoing problems, the parliament of Kenya enacted various legislation as part of reform efforts aimed at enhancing the efficiency, integrity and equity of Kenya's higher education system. Thus, purpose of the paper is to clearly analyze the legal framework and safeguards that relate to academic staff with the view to understand it's impact on Higher Education. Hence, quantitative research using a survey questionnaire to collect data from respondents was conducted. The end results of the study revealed that the current structured legal framework and safeguards for academic staff had a positive impact thus not a push factor in declining quality of higher education in Kenya.
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Datta, Rimmi, and Jayanta Mete. "Digital Initiatives of New Education Policy 2020 on Higher Education in India." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 10, no. 2 (November 5, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2021.10.2.3169.
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Education plays a powerful role in building a nation. Education decides the future of the nation and the destiny of its people. The impact will be a long-lasting one in terms of the growth and development of the nation and its citizens. The role of education and its importance cannot be overlooked in today's world. International styles and conditions are already influencing India's higher education. For the last number of years, India has attracted a good number of foreign students, including NRIs, in larger numbers, who join various skilled, tutorial, and academic programs. Also, many foreign universities are offering students the opportunity to get their degrees without leaving India. There are trends to liberalise university systems in a way that enables them to reduce the gap with private universities. Although India has made significant steps in terms of improving access to and participation at all levels of education, the common picture of the country's growth in education is complicated, and there are many ongoing problems and difficulties associated with exposure and participation in education that the country's growth rate in education. education delivered, educational equity, system efficiency, governance, and governance. The issue of higher education in India has always been prominent as one of the major drivers of public space travel. A good education, of course, opens the way to a rewarding career. The nature of programmes offered by HEIs has undergone a massive transformation, resulting in the acquisition of mastery-level skills and competencies that are in greater demand. Degrees generating employment opportunities would be the most likely to be chosen in the future. All of us are deeply concerned about the quality and accessibility of higher education. Advances in digital technology are changing the way educational resources are developed, communicated, and accessed around the world. The use of digital technologies in all sectors of higher education has also gained significant attention in India. This, in turn, helps to improve the quality and accessibility of higher education for a large number of students, as well as the upskilling of teachers across the country. In this prevalent scenario, NEP 2020 is introduced to give thrust to the Indian education system and propel it to the next level. The New Education Policy 2020 announced by the Government of India became a welcome change and news amidst all the bad things happening around the world. Over time, various committees have recommended that the education budget increase be increased to 6% of GDP. This has led to the interest of researchers. The announcement of NEP 2020 was unexpected by many. The proposed NEP 2020 reforms have been something that many academic experts have never seen coming. Although education policy has had an equal impact on school and college education, this article focuses on NEP 2020 and its impact on higher education. This paper also outlines key features of the NEP and analyses how they affect the existing education system.
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Lu, Jing, Chad Laux, and Jiju Antony. "Lean Six Sigma leadership in higher education institutions." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 66, no. 5 (June 12, 2017): 638–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-09-2016-0195.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate whether a Lean Six Sigma (LSS) leadership model could be effectively utilized to resolve efficiency and effective issues like rising costs, quality of education, graduation and retention rates encountered in higher education institutions (HEIs) in the modern era. Design/methodology/approach The authors systematically reviewed the literature on key concepts of LSS and leadership in HEIs in to develop a theoretical model using an inductive theory-building approach in accordance with the exploratory nature of the study. Findings The results of the study proposed a conceptual LSS leadership framework, which provides a basis for testing of LSS leadership representations in HEIs. The results suggest that LSS leadership has advantages for HEI to overcome currents issues and challenges. Research limitations/implications This research is a theoretical study based on the existing literature that identified characteristics that may be adopted in higher education. The proposed LSS leadership framework is based upon leadership, statistical thinking, continuous change and improvement. This model is based upon service and the concepts of adaptive, rather than technical work, of leaders in higher education. Practical implications The proposed LSS leadership framework brings new aspects and perspectives of leadership in HEIs. LSS leadership model has its practical meaning in providing a fundamental base for HEIs to overcome challenges, fulfill missions, and sustain improvements. Social implications HEIs are a foundation for principles of democracy, equality and diversity. HEIs have been a path for citizens but HEIs are facing challenges that are reducing the ability of individuals to improve themselves. Leadership of HEI needs to incorporate new principles to adapt to a changing society. Originality/value LSS project leaders have achieved improved bottom line results and customer satisfaction in a wide range of industries, but LSS application in the HEIs remains to be explored. This paper proposes an effective LSS leadership model, which can help improve the quality of education, reduce non-value added costs and enhance operational efficiency of HEIs.
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Ciria-Suarez, Laura, Laura Costas, Aida Flix-Valle, Maria Serra-Blasco, Joan C. Medina, and Cristian Ochoa-Arnedo. "A Digital Cancer Ecosystem to Deliver Health and Psychosocial Education as Preventive Intervention." Cancers 14, no. 15 (July 30, 2022): 3724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14153724.
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Health education and psychosocial interventions prevent emotional distress, and the latter has been shown to have an impact on survival. In turn, digital health education interventions may help promote equity by reaching a higher number of cancer patients, both because they avoid journeys to the hospital, by and having a better efficiency. A total of 234 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer in a comprehensive cancer center used the digital ecosystem ICOnnecta’t from March 2019 to March 2021. ICOnnecta’t consists of four care levels, provided to patients according to their level of distress. The second level of this intervention consists of an educational campus, which was analyzed to track users’ interests and their information-seeking behavior. Overall, 99 out of 234 women (42.3%) used the educational campus. There were no significant differences in sociodemographic and clinical variables between the campus users and non-users. Among users, the median number of resources utilized per user was four (interquartile range: 2–9). Emotional and medical resources were the contents most frequently viewed and the audiovisual format the most consulted (p < 0.01). Resources were used mainly within the first three months from enrolment. Users who were guided to visit the virtual campus were more active than spontaneous users. Offering an early holistic health educational platform inside a digital cancer ecosystem, with health professionals involved, can reach more patients, promoting equity in the access of cancer information and prevention, from the very beginning of the disease.
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Deng, Chenchen, Song Yang, Qingyang Liu, Songjie Feng, and Chuangbin Chen. "Sustainable development and health assessment model of higher education in India: A mathematical modeling approach." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 28, 2021): e0261776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261776.
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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 has resulted in a transition from physical education to online learning, leading to a collapse of the established educational order and a wisdom test for the education governance system. As a country seriously affected by the pandemic, the health of the Indian higher education system urgently requires assessment to achieve sustainable development and maximize educational externalities. This research systematically proposes a health assessment model from four perspectives, including educational volume, efficiency, equality, and sustainability, by employing the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution Model, Principal Component Analysis, DEA-Tobit Model, and Augmented Solow Model. Empirical results demonstrate that India has high efficiency and an absolute health score in the higher education system through multiple comparisons between India and the other selected countries while having certain deficiencies in equality and sustainability. Additionally, single-target and multiple-target path are simultaneously proposed to enhance the Indian current education system. The multiple-target approach of the India-China-Japan-Europe-USA process is more feasible to achieve sustainable development, which would improve the overall health score from .351 to .716. This finding also reveals that the changes are relatively complex and would take 91.5 years considering the relationship between economic growth rates and crucial indicators. Four targeted policies are suggested for each catching-up period, including expanding and increasing the social funding sources, striving for government expenditure support to improve infrastructures, imposing gender equality in education, and accelerating the construction of high-quality teachers.
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Басовская, Elena Basovskaya, Басовский, and Leonid Basovskiy. "The Impact of New Technologies and Human Capital on the Contribution of New Ways to the Economy of the Regions of the Northwest Federal District." Economics 5, no. 2 (April 17, 2017): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25149.
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Econometric impact assessments of new technologies and human capital on a contribution of new technological ways to per capita GDP in regions of Northwest Federal District of Russia are received. Coefficients of elasticity of a contribution of new ways to per capita GDP on use of the new technologies estimated by armament the work equity new fixed assets and for use of the human capital estimated by a share of busy workers with the higher education are estimated. The use of new technologies is the most effective in St. Petersburg, in the Murmansk, Leningrad regions and in the Komi Republic. Efficiency use of new technologies in the Pskov region is the lowest. The human capital is most effectively in the Komi Republic, the Murmansk and Leningrad regions. Efficiency use of a human capital in the Pskov region is the lowest.
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Saner, Raymond, and Aik Hoe Lim. "Rethinking Trade in Education Services: A Wake-Up Call for Trade Negotiators." Journal of World Trade 45, Issue 5 (October 1, 2011): 993–1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2011034.
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The educational market has grown in size with more exporters entering the field to satisfy growing demand worldwide. The education sector today truly operates in a global context with institutions, programmes, and people supplying services across borders at an unprecedented scale. Yet, one of the anomalies of the education sector is that, despite the rapid internationalization of education services, limited progress has been achieved in trade negotiations. Education services remain one of the least committed sectors under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), as well as in Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). Firstly, this article reviews the factors behind the growth in trade in education services, particularly at the tertiary level. These include a combination of demographic changes, technological developments, national development goals, and governmental reforms to the funding and provision of higher education. Secondly, it argues that trade policy and negotiations need to wake-up to the global nature of the education sector and address the complex international trade and regulatory challenges. That would not only better reflect the reality on the ground but, through the formulation of negotiating positions, also ensure an informed debate of efficiency and equity considerations.
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Levkulich, Vasil. "Modern higher education through the prism of conceptual priorities." International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2021-12-2-100-116.
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All the characteristic features of a particular historical development of society objectively and naturally apply to almost both the social institution and higher education, which is an integral part of the social environment. However, higher education is expected not only to follow in the fairway of certain trends specific to a particular era and a particular society but higher education is also associated with hopes for qualified awareness of risks and threats, as well as providing professional proposals for crisis management and overcoming negative trends. Although this aspect is quite obvious, the research community usually does not pay due attention to it, and therefore the detailing and systematization of this aspect have all the hallmarks of scientific novelty. In the context of the outlined research needs, the aspects of the quality and efficiency of education, as well as the types of intelligence that modern higher education is designed to cultivate and generate, are understood. The humanistic ideal of the university and its correspondence to the marketing model of modern higher education, as well as controversial ideas about equality and justice in education, are studied. The ideological and conceptual priorities that underlie leadership-type education are analyzed. The notion of critical thinking, creativity and heuristics as the target priorities of modern higher education is systematized, the key obstacles in this way and means of overcoming them are revealed. Factors and conceptual priorities that can significantly increase the capacity of modern higher education as a generator of human capital, a model of intensive and innovative development of society, are outlined.
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Mu-azu, Iddirisu Andani. "The search for academic excellence: The hard facts and bitter truths." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i1.259.
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Globalization, with its attendant competitiveness in almost all human endeavours, has brought in its wake a renewed surge for quality in higher education. The searchlights have been thrown on, not only on the traditional areas such as the quality of lecture rooms, Lecturers, Libraries and performance of students, but on such other things like the quality of academic leadership as the driving force that greases the clogged wheels of higher educational institutions towards attaining the visions and missions of most institutions. The picture gradually emerging is one where the quality of academic leadership largely determines what will come on the academic agenda for pursuing relevance, access, affordability, equity, efficiency and economy in the 21st Century. This work seeks to explore the management dimensions of pursuing excellence as a strategic objective through building partnerships with major stakeholders rather than the use of high – handedness. Besides observations, the study relied on literature review. The era of the visionary and motivational leadership appears to be the key for higher educational institutions which seek to stand up to competition in the global arena. The social and political ends of higher education call for not just exemplary leadership, but also human-centred results-oriented approaches to sustainable tertiary institutions of excellence.
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Gomez, Ana Karen, Krystle Palma Cobian, and Sylvia Hurtado. "The Role of STEM Program Directors in Broadening the Impact of STEM Interventions." Education Sciences 11, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11110742.
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STEM transformation has been a longstanding goal for higher education institutions who not only wish to maintain global economic competitiveness but most recently have also aimed efforts at achieving STEM equity. While researchers have typically looked to students’ and faculty’s experiences for answers, STEM program directors possess great insight from working closely with students in both faculty and administrative roles. This study explores the views of 45 STEM program directors at 10 institutions across the U.S. that had high STEM bachelor’s degree-completion rates relative to similarly resourced institutions. We document the lessons and strategies that STEM program directors have used to broaden institutional impact, including demonstrating their program’s efficacy through assessments and evaluations, coordinating, and streamlining efforts to ensure program efficiency and longevity, incentivizing support for labor, and consolidating support from institutional leaders. We also disentangle the roles STEM program directors play as grassroots leaders or institutional agents, distinguishing them by their authority and decision-making power and by whether they work to transform the institution to better serve students or to transform students’ behaviors to adapt to the institution. Our findings provide avenues to leverage STEM program directors’ efforts in order to move toward STEM education transformation in higher education.
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Sergeevna, Budovich Lidia, and Nikolaeva Olga Yurievna. "Sources and Sociology Concerns of Financing the Innovation Activities in Russia." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (December 31, 2020): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.56.
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The innovation abilities of an enterprise and the feasibility of an innovative project always depend on financing. We can say that the main issue is the assessment of funds required for the implementation of an innovation and the analysis of their possible sources. In this paper, different mechanisms of financing and allocation of financial resources and their impact on innovative performance were examined. In general, financing sources of the institutes in different countries have adopted different mechanisms to provide and allocate resources from the range of public funding to private financing. But the amount varies from country to country so that in European institutions most government funding and the United States, private financing is the predominant form of financing. Some governments subsidize the supply side (higher education institutions), some on the demand side (customers), and some on both sides of the higher education services market. In general, negotiation-based and formula-based allocation, personnel-based allocation, student-based allocation, per capita cost, priority-based, and performance-based allocation are among the mechanisms used in this regard. The results of this article showed that the mechanisms of allocating and allocating resources in higher education play the role of policy-making and guiding the behavior of actors and can affect the performance of universities and institutions of higher education at the macro and micro level (individual). In the area of funding, graduates should contribute to the financing of universities, and in the area of allocation, performance-based allocation mechanisms should be used to achieve greater efficiency, accessibility, and equity.
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Altınay, Fahriye, Mehmet Altınay, Gokmen Dagli, and Zehra Altınay. "A study of knowledge management systems processes and technology in open and distance education institutions in higher education." International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 36, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijilt-02-2019-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the implementation and evaluation of knowledge management and e-transformation strategies of higher educational institutions in distance education. After an evaluation of higher educational practices in different countries, distance education was considered a different strategy and was emphasized as an advantage in competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach The study reflects a case study in the context of qualitative research. A written view report was conducted to evaluate the awareness of digital efficiency and roles of the teachers in learning environments and evaluation processes in the organizational structure. The qualitative data were evaluated through Nvivo qualitative data analysis. When the literature is overviewed, it can be observed that there are limited studies in this field. Findings As a result, distance education contributes a lot to providing equal opportunities in education. It is of great importance that individuals are aware of their roles in the process of accessibility, institutional support, technological infrastructure, support provided for students, learning-teaching environments and evaluation of distance education programs based on equality and life-long learning. In applications of different countries evaluated by Salmon et al. (2014) based on Carpe Diem Model, it is argued that knowledge management and sharing, the role of teachers and digital capability in distance education applications are crucial. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to 35 research participants. Practical implications Internationalization has become an important issue in higher educational activities. Social implications Diffusion of the uses of knowledge management practice in distance education is important. Originality/value The study has a great value on the use of international perspectives and the Carpe Diem Model for the evaluation.
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Nix, Amanda N., Tamara Bertrand Jones, Rebecca L. Brower, and Shouping Hu. "Equality, Efficiency, and Developmental Education Reform: The Impact of SB 1720 on the Mission of the Florida College System." Community College Review 48, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091552119876327.
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Objective: Community colleges have long made higher education more accessible to students from diverse academic backgrounds, particularly those who are academically underprepared and require remediation. In light of developmental education (DE) reform, our article answers the following questions: How do campus personnel articulate the unique mission of Florida’s state colleges, formerly known as community colleges? Furthermore, how do they perceive the mandates of reform to have shaped their ability to carry out this mission? Method: This work is based on an embedded case study of 10 Florida College System institutions. Qualitative data were gathered between 2014 and 2018 from 544 college presidents, administrators, faculty, staff through 92 focus groups and 8 interviews. Results: Campus personnel strongly affirmed the mission of the Florida Colleges System as one of democratic equality. However, many were concerned that DE reform, namely Senate Bill 1720, prioritized efficiency over equality in the pursuit of cost savings. Specifically, participants expressed frustration that reforms accelerated DE coursework to an unmanageable pace and ignored the presence of a digital divide. Opinions of DE reform improved in the 4 years following implementation, but some concern persisted. Contributions: Our findings highlight the centrality of democratic equality to the community college mission for campus personnel. They also suggest that equality and efficiency need not always be opposing goals in education reform. Finally, they call into question social policy that universally promotes accelerated and computer-based courses without considering that some students may require accommodations.
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Fosu, Agyei. "Technology Versus Quality Education in an Underdeveloped Region: A Case Study of UNISA Students in Former CISKEI Homeland in Eastern Cape." International Journal of Community Development and Management Studies 1 (2017): 001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31355/8.
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NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................. This paper seeks to show how University of South Africa (UNISA) is using technology to connect lecturers, tutors and students of [UNISA] in an underdeveloped region in South Africa (SA) to reduce cost and time of travelling to access information, tutorials and help [available] in designated centers, hence making quality and higher education more accessible and less costly. Background................................................................................................................................................................................................. This empirical study gives evidence to back the effectiveness, helpfulness and cost reduction of using technology as a medium of making quality and higher education accessible to under developed regions. Methodology................................................................................................................................................................................................. Quantitative and purposeful sampling was deemed appropriate for the study, whereby 200 questionnaires was developed and specifically distributed to UNISA students from former Ciskei towns at East London Tutorial Center. Contribution................................................................................................................................................................................................. The paper is about the usage of mobile technology for knowledge creation and dissemination, instruction and learning, The data generated and presented add to the knowledge base about underdeveloped countries. This data and the conclusions reached based the analysis could be of interest to researchers, university administrators, politicians, planners and policy makers in underdeveloped countries. Findings......................................................................................................................................................................................................... Evaluation of the overall effectiveness, helpfulness and cost reduction of e-tutorials show a slight advantage over the face-face tutorials. Recommendations for Practitioners............................................................................................................................................................. In the quest for ways and means of making quality and higher education accessible to underdeveloped regions, no matter which medium is chosen, the periodic measurement of success in terms of effectiveness, helpfulness, and cost implication in relation to the learner cannot be over looked. Recommendation for Researchers.................................................................................................................................................................. More work needs to be done to check the effectiveness of technology as an efficient medium to provide access to quality and higher education to underdeveloped regional economies. Impact on Society.............................................................................................................................................................................................. The results could have significant implications for raising the level of education and advancing employment equity by improving the delivery and accessibility to quality and higher education to underdeveloped regional economies. Future Research................................................................................................................................................................................................. The analysis of cost efficiency and effectiveness done in this work is just representative of one point of view: the student one of accessibility and cost. There is, however, need in future work to research the implications for the institutions of higher education (in terms teaching design, curriculum design, knowledge of individual learning types, need for change in and rate of change in knowledge view, learning philosophies), individual stakeholders, and the competitive re-positioning of society.
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et al., Stepanenko. "Gender issue in modern education: Theory and practice." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 8, no. 11 (November 2021): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.11.012.
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So far, gender inequality in education has been considered in the context of inequality in women’s access to technical specialties, the impact of education on the fertility rate and wages of women, the impact of religious, cultural, social-economic values on women’s education level. However, this concept does little to explain the gender imbalance and low quality of human capital in an environment where women have the opportunity to be educated in any field of knowledge through a feminization in the European countries. The research methodology is based on the correlation analysis of indicators of gender equality in education in Germany, France, Poland, and Ukraine for 1991-2018. The purpose of the study is to identify the trends and dynamics of gender changes in education, the level of gender inequality and establish the causes and effects of gender asymmetry in some European countries. To evaluate gender equality in education, we used the Gender Parity Index. The results of correlation analysis prove the presence of a direct connection between the level of fertility and the Gender Parity Index in the field of primary and higher education, while in the field of secondary education-reverse. Such tendencies are inherent in almost all countries of Europe. The analysis of indicators characterizing the level of education of women within the Eurozone countries shows the decisive role of the structure of the economy and the needs of the labor market in specialists with digital skills and mental abilities. The structure of the economy and the efficiency of various sectors ensure the reduction of gender inequality in education, contributing to overall economic growth and GDP per capita. Political institutions and national policies indirectly influence gender inequality in education by regulating the development of sectors of the economy with different levels of female employment. The proposed paradigm of gender inequality is based on the crucial role of skills, competencies, and abilities regardless of gender. The gender imbalance has been overcome in countries with a high level of women’s competence. Competence is a new paradigm in overcoming gender inequality.
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Lincove, Jane Arnold. "Efficiency, equity and girls' education." Public Administration and Development 26, no. 4 (2006): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.416.
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Soewarno, Noorlailie, and Bambang Tjahjadi. "Measures that matter: an empirical investigation of intellectual capital and financial performance of banking firms in Indonesia." Journal of Intellectual Capital 21, no. 6 (June 20, 2020): 1085–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-09-2019-0225.
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PurposeThis study aims to investigate the intellectual capital–financial performance relationship using two models, namely the conventional Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) model and the adjusted Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient (A-VAIC) model.Design/methodology/approachThis study is designed as a quantitative research focusing on the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance of the banking industry in Indonesia. As many as 114 data are derived from the publicly listed banks on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2012–2017. The multiple regression analysis is employed to test the hypotheses studied.FindingsIn general, the result confirms that intellectual capital affects financial performance. Although not all hypotheses of the study are supported by either the VAIC model or the A-VAIC model, the results provide a deeper and new insight on how each component of intellectual capital efficiency (human capital, structural capital, capital employed, innovation capital) relates to financial performance (return on asset, return on equity, asset turnover, price to book ratio). The results also justify that further improvements in measuring intellectual capital are still needed in the future.Research limitations/implicationsThis study limits its generalization since the sample is only in the Indonesian banking industry. Notwithstanding the limitation, the results imply that the Indonesian banking managers need to be aware of intellectual capital management because of its strategic role in enhancing financial performance.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to the intellectual capital literature by providing empirical evidence on the use of both models, namely the conventional VAIC and the A-VAIC in the Indonesian banking industry research setting which is never been studied before.Social implicationsThis study has the social implication to the enhancement of the quality life of the society. The higher the quality of intellectual capital in the banking firms, the better the banks serve the needs of the community.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the IC literature by providing empirical research on the use of the VAIC model and the A-VAIC model in the Indonesian banking industry.
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Akkaya, Sumeyra, Seda Sahin, and Burcu Gezer Sen. "An Investigation of the Relationship between Prospective Teachers’ Attitudes towards Multiculturality and Refugee Students." Shanlax International Journal of Education 9, S2-Sep (September 15, 2021): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/education.v9is2-sep.4381.
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Multiculturalism refers to the existence of different social groups in society. Multiculturalism advocates a society in which no culture is dominant. Multiculturalism is a fact of life for many people. Multiculturalism and globalization affect how people organize the world around them and how they see themselves and others. Multicultural education offers an educational program that concerns not only specific minorities but also all social groups. Today, with the effect of globalization, teachers and students can participate in educational activities all over the world. This situation requires educators to approach multicultural education positively in order to ensure equality of opportunity in education. In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between prospective primary school teachers and pre-school teacher candidates’ attitudes towards multiculturalism and refugee students. The article summarizes the information on multicultural education, which is one of the reflections of globalization on education, and refugee students and equal opportunities in education. The research was carried out with the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods. In the study, it was determined that the sum of multicultural attitudes increased the general level of attitude towards refugee students. Another result of the research is that the sum of multicultural attitudes increases the level of communication, adaptation and efficiency. In the study, the communication scores of the preschool teaching department were also found to be higher than the communication scores of the primary school teaching department.
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Kim, Dong-Kun, and Joong-Ryul Kim. "Education in Korea: Efficiency vs. Equity." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 5 (December 31, 1990): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps05004.
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This paper attempts to analyse the effects of education on income distribution in Korea. The human capital theory suggests that an unequal distribution can be reduced by improving the distribution of education because variations in labor income are due to the differences in labor quality in terms of the amount of human capital, especially education, acquired by the workers. On the other hand, a general skepticism about the role of education also can be observed. Thurow, for instance, has shown that in the United States, a country which is a prominent example of educational expansion, schooling has had only a negligible effect in reducing income inequality, although education constitutes one of the key elements in economic growth. Critics of human capital theory, one example is the labor market segmentation theory, asserts that education cannot improve earnings inequality unless other institutional factors, such as occupational earnings structure, are changed. By investigating those two approaches, we can assess whether education can be used as a policy tool to improve the earnings distribution.
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Thomas, Hywel. "Efficiency, Equity and Exchange in Education." Educational Management & Administration 24, no. 1 (January 1996): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263211x96241003.
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Mengestie, Nebyu Demeke, Tesfahun Melese Yilma, Miftah Abdella Beshir, and Genet Kiflemariam Paulos. "eHealth Literacy of Medical and Health Science Students and Factors Affecting eHealth Literacy in an Ethiopian University: A Cross-Sectional Study." Applied Clinical Informatics 12, no. 02 (March 2021): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1727154.
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Abstract Background eHealth literacy is individual's ability to look for, understand, and evaluate health information from electronic sources. Integrating eHealth literacy to the health system could help lower health care costs and ensure health equity. Despite its importance, the eHealth literacy level in Ethiopia has not been studied on medical and health science students, who are important parties in the health system. Understanding their level of eHealth literacy augments practice of health care, efficiency in education, and use of eHealth technologies. Objective This research study aims to determine eHealth literacy level and identify its associated factors among medical and health science students in University of Gondar (UoG). Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2019 among undergraduate medical and health science students in the UoG. Stratified multistage sampling was used. The eHealth literacy scale was used to measure eHealth literacy. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to measure association between eHealth literacy and the independent variables. Results A total of 801 students participated in this study with a 94.6% of response rate. The majority (60%) were male and previously lived-in urban areas (68%). The mean eHealth literacy score was 28.7 and 60% of the participants possessed high eHealth literacy. Using health-specific Web sites (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86–4.33), having higher Internet efficacy (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.56–3.26), perceived usefulness of the Internet (AOR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.95–5.69), medical app use (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.13–2.55), being female (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08–2.22), and being health informatics student (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.149–3.148) affect a high eHealth literacy level. Conclusion The level of eHealth literacy in this study was moderate. Using specific reputable health Web sites, using smartphone medical applications, and Internet efficacy determine eHealth literacy significantly.
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Wies, Jennifer R. "Advancing Equity in Higher Education." Anthropology News 57, no. 8 (August 2016): e82-e83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/an.101.
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Mourad, Maha, Christine Ennew, and Wael Kortam. "Brand equity in higher education." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 29, no. 4 (June 21, 2011): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634501111138563.
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Renner, K. Edward. "Racial Equity and Higher Education." Academe 89, no. 1 (2003): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40252246.
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Fedorchenko, Volodymyr, and Nataliіa Fedorchenko. "Fostering Legal Culture in Tourism Specialists." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 27, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.27(1).2020.58-70.
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The paper analyses the situation in the foreign and domestic systems of training specialists in the tourism sector, the role of legal culture in the training of tourism personnel. The purpose of this paper is to form a legal culture by means of the organization of a training process for future tourism professionals. The dynamics of approaches to the training of specialists in the tourism industry and the factors of modern perspective, innovative, and creative activity were determined. The features of tourism and tourism education are considered. The experience of training specialists in leading tourist schools in the world, studying foreign programs and basic models of training and the expediency of its use in the practice of domestic educational institutions of the tourist profile are investigated. Ideas and systems for ensuring the continuity of tourist education from the beginning to the end of a career are substantiated. Particular attention is given to the three basic principles of higher education (accessibility, equality of opportunity, diversity). The specificity of the efficiency of professional activity in the tourism sector and its interrelation with the tourism professional training of highly qualified specialists, who are able to compete in the market of the service industry, are analyzed. The basic approaches to the formation and stages of development of tourist education in Ukraine and in other European countries are analysed. The scientific works on the problems of tourism are examined, the conclusions are drawn for the use of the above experience. Priorities of modern tasks of organizational and pedagogical work in tourism are outlined. The specificity of the efficiency of the professional activity of the tourism sector and its interrelation with the tourism legal culture are analysed. The importance of forming a legal culture in the educational system, in the context of tourist activity, was proved. Reasons for confirming the relevance of the task of developing the legal culture of employees of the tourism industry are substantiated.
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De Fraja, Gianni. "Education Policies: Equity, Efficiency and Voting Equilibrium." Economic Journal 111, no. 471 (April 1, 2001): C104—C119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00622.
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