Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Efficacité énergétique et spéctrale'
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Chebbi, Samar. "Massive access for 5G networks and beyond." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025LIMO0003.
Full textThis thesis addresses the challenges posed by the design and optimization of MIMO-NOMA wireless communication systems in fifth (5G) and sixth-generation (6G) networks. These technologies are pivotal for modern applications requiring Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (uRLLC), such as autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, and augmented reality systems. The main objective of this thesis is to develop advanced techniques for resource management, delay reduction, and energy efficiency enhancement in a context where a large number of users simultaneously share network resources. First, the thesis presents a comprehensive literature review covering the fundamentals of Non- Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and MIMO systems, along with recent advancements in uRLLC communication. Next, innovative algorithms for user clustering and power allocation, based on latency and spatial correlation, are proposed. These algorithms prioritize users based on their Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and minimize inter-cluster interference. Additionally, a framework for delay modeling and simulation in MIMO-NOMA systems is developed, incorporating realistic scenarios where data packets are transmitted according to their delay constraints. The simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in reducing average delay, increasing the number of users served, and enhancing energy efficiency compared to existing methods. Moreover, the comparative analysis reveals that leveraging spatial correlation and latency-based clustering approaches better meets the demands of time-critical applications. These findings contribute substantially to the design of 5G/6G networks by offering solutions that address the challenges of massive low-latency communications and high-density user environments
Jaouadi, Randa. "Compromis efficacité énergétique et efficacité spectrale pour les objets communicants autonomes." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4041/document.
Full textTechnological advances have led to the develop- ment of wireless sensor applications. These sensors are generally deployed with reduced energy resources where replacing a battery can be costly. Energy ef ficiency is an important constraint to ensure a high level of autonomy. The current trend towards high- throughput applications requires not only high spectral efficiency but also reduced energy consumption. It is therefore essential to study the trade-off between spec tral efficiency and energy efficiency for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this thesis we concentrate on the different techniques adopted at the level of the phys- ical layer. At first, the various aspects characterizing the WSNs are introduced. Then, the efforts made to optimize the conservation of energy in these networks are summarized while highlighting the link between the energy consumption and the spectral efficiency. Then, different energy models are introduced and classified in order to study the evolution of the consumed energy as a function of the spectral efficiency. Secondly, we focus on the choice of modulation in order to find the optimal scheme that minimizes energy. We then studied the tradeoff between energy and spectral efficiency, taking into account the constraints imposed by the sys- tem. Finally, we are interested in coding strategy and error control protocol to study their impact on the energy efficiency and spectral efficiency tradeoff
Smida, Rafik. "TIC et environnement : optimisation et efficacité énergétique. (Cas de la Tunisie)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0037.
Full textThe relationship between ICT, environment and energy efficiency causes a lot of controversies. Theseconcepts are rarely associated, especially for smaller emerging economies. Yet each has a significant impacton the other. The negative effects of ICT on the environment are various, in the same way, use and diffusionof ICT can also benefit the environment. This PhD thesis put forward further study impacts of ICT on energyconsumption and emissions of greenhouse gases, at the macro level for the case of Tunisia. The generalcontext of this thesis focuses on the relationship between the environment and the innovation theory, whilethe specific context focuses specifically on the energy consumption of ICT. Our approach is inserted underthe theory of innovation and economic basis for the use of new technologies, specifically at the intersectionof industrial economics and environmental economics. Our research focused on three main aspects:theoretical, empirical and descriptive. Firstly, this study handled the theory of environmental innovationsand its relationship with general purpose technology and ICT especially. Secondly, this thesis has allowed usto develop a detailed descriptive analyses based on the data and statistics from the World Bank, and otherinstitutions. Thirdly, a set of statistical tests and rigorous econometric models were applied to determine thelink between ICT investment and energy efficiency in Tunisia
Amdouni, Ichrak. "Réseaux sans fil auto-adaptatifs: efficacité énergétique et réutilisation spatiale." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808651.
Full textZoughaib, Assaad. "Conception de réfrigérateurs domestiques à haute efficacité énergétique." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1261.
Full textThe energy efficiency of domestic refrigerators is the regulated by of two European Directives. In addition, high energy efficiency became a marketing tool for these appliances. This thesis presents the modelling of the domestic refrigerator operation. The developed models have been validated on a reference appliance. The developed software are used to evaluate the impact on energy efficiency, and the economic viability of the major technical options: the rigid polyurethane thickness increase, the use of vacuum insulation panels, compressor efficiency improvement , heat exchangers improvement, better design of the control of double volume appliances and energy consumption reduction of the No-Frost appliances accessories. Demonstrators have been realized and tested to validate the energy savings calculated for the use of vacuum insulation panels and the use of a Roll-Bond type evaporator. The last part of the thesis deals with an innovative component development, the turbo expander. The turbo expander drives a fan which improves the convective heat transfer on the evaporator. The chosen technology is a Pelton type air turbine. A model for the fluid flow in the nozzle has been developed which permitted its design. The designed turbo expander has been realized and integrated in a refrigerator. Tests have shown differences between the capillary tube and the turbo expander expansion process. Further works shall be done in order to better understand these differences
Ilchev, Konstantin. "L'efficacité énergétique et le droit." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0035/document.
Full textThe European Union and its Member States shall continue to evolve towards a sustainable, intelligent, inclusive and low-carbon society. Energy efficiency would be the basis for the socio-economic redesign of Europe and would lay the groundwork for new, necessarily transverse socio-economic paradigms. The multi-sector domain of energy efficiency need to be fully implemented in a harmonized, transparent and evolving regulatory and normative framework. We therefore carried out an analysis of the implementation of energy efficiency at two levels: regional level (European law) and nation level (French law). Firstly, we have noted the legal singularity of energy efficiency, which lies in its genesis and its multiform relationships. Secondly, we have demonstrated the multidisciplinary nature of energy efficiency. Indeed, we have seen that energy efficiency is recognized in both public and private law. In sum, the concept of energy efficiency materializes the emergence of a new legal reading grid. The approach is transverse to account more accurately for the interactions and synergies between the various contemporary socio-economic phenomena, which go hand in hand with technological progress and innovation
Gabsi, Farah. "Efficacité énergétique des bâtiments : modélisation hygrothermique et commande prédictive économique régularisée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0184.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a comprehensive methodology to simulate the hygrothermal behaviour and continuously monitor the energy efficiency of buildings. The multi-zone model developed is of the grey box type and is based on heat and moisture transfer processes. It integrates solar radiation as an energy source as well as heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems such as heat pumps or VMCs. This hygrothermal model allows the estimation and prediction of microclimatic data such as operative temperature, radiant temperature and humidity rate which are essential for the qualification of thermal comfort. The generated model is used to develop new economic model predictive control strategy to ensure hygrothermal comfort in occupied areas of the building while minimizing its energy consumption. Thermal comfort indicators are taken into account in the definition of a performance criterion and the cost induced by the use of the different equipments is used to define an economic criterion. The specifications related to the use of the different equipment are taken into account by a regularization term. The stress caused by the successive and too frequent start/stop of certain equipment is taken into account. These changes of state are generally detrimental to the lifetime of the equipment and represent, at the very least, an energy inefficient mode of operation. The solution presented also allows the number of active control inputs to be monitored at any time and inappropriate control scenarios to be avoided. In response to the optimization problem, the advantage of a sparse control strategy is highlighted. The fault-tolerance of optimal control scenarios to the occurrence of certain actuator faults is also a property that is taken into consideration
Tanvir, Sadaf. "Localisation dans les réseaux de capteurs : protocoles de communication et efficacité énergétique." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM011.
Full textThis thesis deals with localization and energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Communication cost is the major source of energy consumption during localization process in WSN. Carrying out WSN localization is a cooperative process throughout the whole network. There are many ways of organizing this cooperation. We propose three such possibilities in the form of our contributed protocols. Cooperation among distributed nodes generates many radio transmissions. Radio broadcasting is often seen as a drawback in WSN because of overhearing. Here, we turn this drawback into a key feature to improve energy consumption during localization. We analyze our protocols' convergence condition, propagation, speed and communication cost with a simulation tool. We show that one of our approach which takes the most benefit from overhearing, outperforms the other two both in terms of convergence speed and communication cost
Chen, Langshi. "Méthode de Krylov itératives avec communication et efficacité énergétique optimisées sur machine hétérogène." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10114/document.
Full textIterative methods are frequently used in extremely large scale linear problems, such solving linear systems or finding eigenvalue/eigenvectors of matrices. As these iterative methods require a substantial computational workload, they are normally deployed on large clusters of distributed memory architectures communicated via MPI. When the problem size scales up, the communication becomes a major bottleneck of reaching a higher scalability because of two reasons: 1) Many of the iterative methods rely on BLAS-2 low level matrix vector kernels that are communication intensive. 2) Data movement (memory access, MPI communication) is much slower than processor's speed. In case of sparse matrix operations such as Sparse Matrix Vector Multiplication (SpMV), the communication even replaces the computation as the dominant time cost. Furthermore, the advent of accelerators/coprocessors like Nvidia's GPU make computation cost more cheaper, while the communication cost remains high in such CPU-coprocessor heterogeneous systems. Thus, the first part of our work focus on the optimization of communication cost of iterative methods on heterogeneous clusters. Besides the communication cost, power wall becomes another bottleneck of future exascale computing in recent time. Researches indicate that a power-aware algorithmic implementation strategy could efficiently reduce the power dissipation of large clusters. We also explore the potential energy saving implementation of iterative methods in our experimentation. Finally, both the communication optimization and energy efficiency implementation would be integrated into a GMRES method, which demands an auto-tuning framework to maximize its performance
Reddick, J. Christopher. "Conception, construction et analyse d'un système de réfrigération à éjecteur." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1611.
Full textFadhel, Siwar. "Efficacité énergétique et surveillance d’un microgrid à courant continu alimenté par des panneaux photovoltaïques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS001.
Full textPhotovoltaic (PV) systems are frequently subjected to several faults leading to costly production losses. The proposed work focuses on the improvement of the energy efficiency of a DC micro-grid by minimizing the losses related to the occurrence of PV faults. First, we presented a state of the art on the most recurrent faults and their diagnosis methods. The literature review has led us to adopt a data-driven diagnosis approach. Then, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was proposed for PV shading fault detection and classification for a PV module of 250 Wp. The PCA was first performed using the entire I(V) curve obtained under real climatic conditions. A minimum classification success rate of 87.38% is obtained in the training step and 97% is obtained in the validation step. PCA was then applied using only the MPP coordinates to detect the shading fault. The data is discriminated with a classification rate of 100%.Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was opted to predict the new MPP outdoor measurements’classes. Finally, a faults effects analysis study was carried out for three typical faults on the scale of a PV array of 250 kWp. The study was based on the simulated I(V) curves, considering differents severities of each fault. The sensitivity of the I(V) curve of the whole PV plant was observed for both the contact degradation between PV strings and the partiel shading starting from a severity of 10%. The short-ciruit fault of the PV modules has considerably more effect on the strings’ I(V) curves
Nehme, Wassim. "Étude et modélisation de fours à gaz sidérurgiques en vue d’améliorer leur efficacité énergétique." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENMP0001.
Full textGas industrial furnaces have an important potential for reducing energy consumption. To improve energy efficiency of furnaces, a modification of heat recovery system on the stake is required. Depending on the application, an optimal choice of burner type is required. The aim of the thesis is to quantify the effect of burner change on the heated product quality, energy efficiency, and furnace productivity. An experimental comparative study is performed for three types of industrial natural gas burners. The characterization was carried out in a 200 kW experimental cell. At different locations inside the cell in the burner plane, the flue gas composition (O2, CO2, CO, NO, NO2, NOx), the flue gas temperature, the total flux and the radiative flux are measured. The three types of burners are: a regenerative burner, a recuperative burner, and an self-regenerative burner. For each type of burner, different settings are tested by changing the wall temperature, the excess air ratio, the flame mode, the burner capacity, and the combustion air temperature. All measurements were corrected by modeling the measurement probes and using inverse methods. The adjusted measurements were used to validate the choice of the closer models for the resolution of turbulence, combustion, and radiative transfer equations. For each burner, the CFD calculations are compared to measured temperatures and flue gas compositions. Based on the validated CFD models, a generic method for flame representation is developed. In this method the flame is considered as the hot flue gases resulting from combustion. Then flame Emissive Volume Approach (EVA) consists in dividing the flame into concentric isothermal volumes. The method can better represent the flame in a dynamic furnace modeling on component network approach. Finally, a dynamic model of a tube reheating furnace is developed and a comparative study between the three types of burners is carried out. The comparison focuses on product quality, energy efficiency, and furnace productivity
Bou, Lawz Ksayer Elias. "Étude et conception de systèmes à efficacité énergétique améliorée fonctionnant au CO2 comme fluide frigorigène." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00625025.
Full textAmokrane, Ahmed. "Green et efficacité en énergie dans les réseaux d'accès et les infrastructures cloud." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066642/document.
Full textOver the last decade, there has been an increasing use of personal wireless devices, such as laptops, smartphones and tablets. The widespread availability of wireless access created an environment in which anywhere at anytime users access data and services hosted in cloud infrastructures. However, such wireless cloud network consumes a non-negligible amount of energy and generates a considerable amount of carbon, which is becoming a major concern in IT industry. In this context, we address the problem of reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint, as well as building green infrastructures in the two different parts of the wireless cloud: (i) wireless access networks including wireless mesh and campus networks, and (ii) data centers in a cloud infrastructure. In the first part of the thesis, we present an energy-efficient framework for joint routing and link scheduling in multihop TDMA-based wireless networks. At a later stage, we extended this framework to cover campus networks using the emerging Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm. In the second part of this thesis, we address the problem of reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint of cloud infrastructures. Specifically, we propose optimization approaches for reducing the energy costs and carbon emissions of a cloud provider owning distributed infrastructures of data centers with variable electricity prices and carbon emissions in two different setups: the case of a cloud provider trying to reduce its carbon emissions and operational costs as well as the case where green constraints are specified by the cloud consumers in the form of Green SLAs
Pierre, Xavier. "Pilotage institutionnel des coopérations interorganisationnelles dans la mise en oeuvre de stratégies territoriales : cas d'acteurs de l'efficacité énergétique et du développement durable." Paris, CNAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CNAM0710.
Full textLes performances des politiques publiques sont souvent remises en cause du fait des écarts entre les discours et les résultats observés. La puissance politique manque parfois de leviers pour atteindre les objectifs affichés. La mise en oeuvre des stratégies est difficile car elle repose sur la coopération d'un grand nombre d'acteurs, publics-privés-associatifs, éclatés sur le territoire. Les coopérations entre ces acteurs ne sont généralement pas spontanées, car elles sont impactées par des rivalités, des rapports d'autonomie et de domination, et des attitudes égocentriques qui animent leurs relations. Le dogme de l'auto-organisation ou les méthodes classiques de gestion des acteurs de territoire ne tiennent pas compte de ces phénomènes. L'efficacité et l'efficience des stratégies sont ainsi limitées. On constate des déperditions de ressources et d'énergies, et un manque de travail en équipe au niveau interorganisationnel, qui ne permettent pas d'atteindre les performances attendues. En nous appuyant sur des recherches- interventions menées dans une région française sur la mise en oeuvre de politique environnementales, nous montrons que les institutions du territoire sont attendues pour piloter les coopérations entre les acteurs impliqués dans la mise en oeuvre de leurs stratégies. . Pour exercer leur fonction d'intervention et de pilotage, il convient qu'elles se dotent de concepts, de méthodes et d'outils de gestion. Nos travaux les identifient et analysent la manière de les intégrer dans leurs pratiques de gestion
Tanvir, Sadaf. "Localisation dans les Réseaux de Capteurs: Protocoles de Communication et Efficacité Energétique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473480.
Full textAmokrane, Ahmed. "Green et efficacité en énergie dans les réseaux d'accès et les infrastructures cloud." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066642.
Full textOver the last decade, there has been an increasing use of personal wireless devices, such as laptops, smartphones and tablets. The widespread availability of wireless access created an environment in which anywhere at anytime users access data and services hosted in cloud infrastructures. However, such wireless cloud network consumes a non-negligible amount of energy and generates a considerable amount of carbon, which is becoming a major concern in IT industry. In this context, we address the problem of reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint, as well as building green infrastructures in the two different parts of the wireless cloud: (i) wireless access networks including wireless mesh and campus networks, and (ii) data centers in a cloud infrastructure. In the first part of the thesis, we present an energy-efficient framework for joint routing and link scheduling in multihop TDMA-based wireless networks. At a later stage, we extended this framework to cover campus networks using the emerging Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm. In the second part of this thesis, we address the problem of reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint of cloud infrastructures. Specifically, we propose optimization approaches for reducing the energy costs and carbon emissions of a cloud provider owning distributed infrastructures of data centers with variable electricity prices and carbon emissions in two different setups: the case of a cloud provider trying to reduce its carbon emissions and operational costs as well as the case where green constraints are specified by the cloud consumers in the form of Green SLAs
Faider, Wilfrid. "Traitement de l'acétaldéhyde par décharges électriques impulsionnelles dans les mélanges de gaz atmosphériques : cinétique et efficacité énergétique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804682.
Full textFaider, Wilfrid. "Traitement de l’acétaldéhyde par décharges électriques impulsionnelles dans les mélanges de gaz atmosphériques : cinétique et efficacité énergétique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112023/document.
Full textThe present study deals with the kinetics analysis of acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO) conversion in electrical discharges with different spatial qualities et at room temperature. Acetaldehyde concentrations up to 5000 ppm in nitrogen-based gas mixture containing up to 20% of oxygen have been investigated. Three different plasma reactors were used: an UV510 reactor producing a homogeneous plasma thanks to a pre-ionization by UV radiation (photo-triggered), a plane-to-plane and a rod-tube dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) reactors, In both DBDs reactors discharges were driven by high voltage pulses allowing the production of weakly inhomogeneous plasma in the plane geometry and highly filamentary discharges in the cylindrical one. A high speed imaging diagnostic (ns range) of the plane-to-plane DBD shows that the plasma can be considered quasi-homogeneous. Based on a self-consistent 0D model, the kinetics study of the N₂/CH₃CHO mixture conversion in the photo-triggered discharge shows the importance of nitrogen molecule metastable states , i.e. the triplet A³Σu⁺ and the singlets group a' ¹∑⁻u, a ¹∏g, et w ¹Δu, in the acetaldehyde dissociation process. A minimum coefficient of 6.5×10⁻¹¹ cm³.s⁻¹ has been estimated for the quenching of N₂ singlets state by acetaldehyde. For the triplet states quenching the coefficient of has been evaluated between 4.2×10⁻¹¹ cm³.s⁻¹ and 6.5×10⁻¹¹ cm³.s⁻¹. This dissociation process produces radicals as CH₃, CH₃CO, HCO, H, O, and molecules like CH₄, CH₂CO, C₂H₄, C₂H₂, H₂, CO. Thus, the major by-products detected at the end of the post-discharge time are methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and ethane; smaller amounts of acetylene, ethene, acetone and acetonitrile were also detected. In containing oxygen mixtures, the importance of the CH3CHO dissociation processes due to N₂ metastable states quenching of decreases in favor of oxidation processes promoted by the hydroxyl radical, OH, and atomic oxygen, O (³P). Time-resolved measurements of the OH radical in the photo-triggered post-discharge show a very high reactivity of this radical with the by-products of acetaldehyde conversion. A maximum density of OH radical equal to 3.5×10¹⁴ cm⁻³ was measured for 10% oxygen and 5000 ppm of acetaldehyde. The kinetic scheme adopted in the self-consistent model for the same gas mixture gives a higher density value; by the way the model is in good agreement with the acetaldehyde conversion in N₂/O₂/CH₃CHO mixtures, as well as with the methane and ethane produced concentrations. Finally, the comparison of the three studied reactors energy efficiency shows that, for low oxygen content (less than 2%), the homogeneity of the discharge promotes the acetaldehyde conversion
Khalfallaoui, Saoussen. "Comportement dynamique et automatisation d’un système solaire thermique muni d’un traqueur solaire." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES020.
Full textThis work deals with the study of a thermal solar system. The thermal behaviour is investigated in unsteady state with regard to the intermittency of sunlight. The modelling of this system was carried out taking into account a global approach to make an energy balance for each component of the thermal solar system. A simulation tool was developed under the MATLAB environment using Simulink ® tool for solving this knowledge model. This model is validated by comparing simulation results to measurement data obtained on the experimental set-up. Energy efficiency of the solar system and the instantaneous efficiency of solar collectors have been studied in unsteady state. The realisation of a solar tracker has been completed. The gain in thermal energy with solar tracker has been studied in comparison with the configuration in which the solar collectors are fixed at different inclinations
Varenio, Céline. "L'efficacité énergétique dans les bâtiments existants : déficit d'investissement, incitations et accompagnement." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783705.
Full textAbboubi, Adil El. "Étude et évaluation de la consommation énergétique d'une balise ferroviaire fondée sur l'ULB et le retournement temporel." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0009/document.
Full textIn railway signaling, accurate and safe localization of trains is of paramount importance for the safe exploitation of railway networks. Therefore, train odometry has received considerable interest. Usually, train odometers manage different embarked sensors including wheel counters and Doppler radars that compute the position and the speed of the trains. However, as trains move, these proprioceptive sensors accumulate drifts and, as a consequence, train localization accuracy is compromised after several kilometers. In order to fix this drift problem, railway signaling uses beacons installed at ground, on the track, between the rails. Installed every several kilometers, they transmit absolute localization information to trains passing over them thus, bringing back locally the drifts to zero. These beacons constitute major components of railway signaling and also one of the very last equipment installed between the rails. Existing railway beacons are placed on the rails for two main reasons. First of all, since in these conditions the radio link between the train and the beacons remains very short, in the order of a few tens of centimeters, placing the beacons on the rails is very helpful to deliver an accurate local absolute localization to the train. Moreover using this very short radio communication range, while passing over them, trains can supply electrical energy to the beacons by magnetically coupling radiofrequency energy from the train to the beacon. This radiofrequency energy is detected and converted in DC power supply to feed the beacon electronics. This very short range leads to a satisfactory transfer of energy between train and beacon. As indicated previously, beacons can just be position indicators; however, they can also handle communication between grounds and trains using a peer to peer radio link. In this case, communication is only active when the train passes over the beacons, thus, the effective communication time is very short. As another major drawback of this particular implementation between the rails, track maintenance requires disassembling the beacons and then repositioning them safely and accurately
Dupont, Maxime William. "Potentiel d’économies d’énergie par les services énergétiques – Application au cycle de vie des équipements de conversion de l’énergie." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1442.
Full textEnergy efficiency services are growing in Europe but their role is still limited. In order to evaluate the potential, we focused first of all on policy, economical and environmental mechanisms that support their development. European natural gas and electricity markets, that are now almost wholly deregulated, are analysed and compared to their historical structure. By introducing uncertainty on energy prices, this new deal translates better the real energy costs. Energy performance contracts (EPC) limit the impact of these uncertainties on the customer energy bills by guaranteeing a financial result. As a result of the modelling of these contracts, namely operation and maintenance ones, we prove that they transfer technical and financial risks from building owners to energy service companies (ESCO) making energy saving measures easier and less expensive at the same time. These contracts are relatively widespread for heating or compressed-air processes but remain marginal for air-conditioning systems. So new methods were needed to guarantee on the long terms the efficiency of air-conditioning systems demand (1) to master the process and its performances and (2) to be able to determine precisely the energy saving potential and its realisation costs. A detailed energy audit is thus necessary for which we propose a guidance. Conclusions of audits carried out prove that energy saving potential is mainly located in equipment management and control. These optimisations are not always carried out because of a lack of contractual incentive and due to the weaknesses of audit methods. Through the involvement of an independent expert, the mandatory and regular inspection of air-conditioning systems may allow to verify and guide such practices. A three-step analysis procedure has been developed in order to maximise the inspection potential and to get higher benefits from service contracts
Diouri, Mohammed El Mehdi. "Efficacité énergétique dans le calcul très haute performance : application à la tolérance aux pannes et à la diffusion de données." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881094.
Full textWan, Haitao. "Efficacité énergétique, synchronisation et contrôle de puissance pour l'implémentation des communications coopératives dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=cafed1b3-99cf-40b5-916d-617fa4edbee1.
Full textIn this dissertation, we explore the energy efficiency and low complex implementation of cooperative schemes in wireless sensor networks. Considering the requirement on signal arrival time synchronization, we proposed a physical layer synchronization scheme for the distributed MISO cooperative communication in wireless sensor networks. The proposed scheme is adequate for the cooperative communication but introduces less complexity to the network design. It provides better BER performance in the existence of initial synchronization error. According to the simulation results, it is supposed to be practically implemented in the sensor nodes. Upon this assumption, optimal power allocation strategies for AF cooperative relaying scheme and distributed MISO cooperative scheme are proposed for cooperative communication in wireless sensor networks. With a given requirement on BER performance, they help to minimize the total transmit power in Rayleigh fading channel. Moreover, without direct link between the source and destination nodes, we proposed two energy efficient cooperative strategies to incorporate the AF cooperative relaying and distributed MISO cooperative schemes. A heuristic policy to select the cooperative nodes and choose the appropriate cooperative strategy is derived. Furthermore, we analyzed the energy efficiency of three error control protocols considering SISO AWGN for short distance communication and MISO Rayleigh fading for long distance communication. We proposed thresholds of the coding gain for various code rates to make the hybrid ARQ protocol more energy efficient
Dang, Thu Huyen. "Etude des Décharges Electriques dans l'Eau et Application à l'Elimination de Polluants et Optimisation du Rendement Energétique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586073.
Full textMarty, Pierre. "Étude de l'efficacité énergétique des navires : développement et application d'une méthode d'analyse." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Nantes (ECN), 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001539.
Full textDavid, Benjamin. "Amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique d'une solution innovante de chauffage basse température et de rafraîchissement." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENA029/document.
Full textIn the current context of improvement of the housing energy efficiency, new heating devices have to be foreseen. We have developed an innovative heating and cooling generator. This device is based on the use of thermoelectric modules working as a heat pump via a power supply. This thesis aims to improve the energy efficiency of the whole system including a low temperature heat floor (global coefficient of performance). This work is based on different analytical and numerical models validated experimentally. These models help to design an optimized device configuration and to develop an optimal management strategy in order to meet the variable power and temperature demands. Multifunctional heat sinks for the generator are designed and studied experimentally in order to maximize the system performances. By coupling the system to housing, a significant improvement of the device performances is shown compared to thermoelectric heat pumps with a classical configuration
Mallard, Vincent. "Définition de machine asynchrone à très haute efficacité énergétique par actions conjuguées du cuivre rotorique et de l'acier à grains orientés." Thesis, Artois, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ARTO0202.
Full textDefinition of high efficiency induction machine using die casting copper squirrel cageand grain oriented steel laminations Nowadays, increasing the efficiency of electrical motorshas become a priority in order to reduce electricity consumption. This thesis dealswith the study of an induction machine composed of a copper squirrel cage realized byhigh pressure die casting and a magnetic circuit made of grain oriented electrical steel(GO) in order to decrease Joule losses and core losses. In the first part, the impact ofthermal shock induced by the die casting copper process on the GO electrical steel wasstudied in order to validate the use of GO in rotor magnetic circuit. The temperatureoccurs during this kind of process has been modeled by 2D and 3D models. An experimentalprocess was realized on the standardize samples in order to make a comparisonwith and without annealing in terms of magnetic properties. In the second part, the newassembly method of magnetic circuit with GO electrical steel has been studied in orderto increase the benefits of use of GO steel in AC machines. The last part, a comparisonbetween several configurations of magnetic circuit in induction machine was realized inorder to confirm the gain of die casting copper rotor with GO electrical steel and GOstator magnetic circuit
Chenailler, Hervé. "L'efficacité d'usage énergétique : pour une meilleure gestion de l'énergie électrique intégrant les occupants dans les bâtiments." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734291.
Full textBoisgibault, Louis. "Territoires et transition énergétique : l’exemple de la Métropole Européenne de Lille et du Pays de Fayence ; les espoirs de Ouarzazate et de l’Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040098/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates territorial energy decentralization. It advocates the greater involvement of territories in the energy transition. Should this evolution be driven from the top by global, European and national decisions and targets, which are then transposed in the territories? Would it be better for territories to initiate local sustainable projects, which can then be approved on a regional and national level and then aggregated? How can intercommunal and regional levels increase their influence in energy and climate matters? How do regional schemes and plans interact with local planning documents? Is territorial Energy Independence feasible, and is it compatible with solidarity? The methodology is based on analysis of the corpus, statistical computation and field work. The field work was conducted in four different spatial typologies: the new European Metropolis of Lille, an urban space, the Pays de Fayence, a Southern France rural space, Ouarzazate, Morocco, a desert space and the West African Economic and Monetary Union. These different typologies have allowed us to draw a vertical line guiding the research conducted given the evolving context post-COP 21, the new European Commission initiatives and the 2015 French laws on territorial organization and energy transition. These factors are grouped into three pairs to interpret the results on France’s carbon constraints, the Mediterranean region and Africa, which will only be subject to carbon constraints when the COP 21 Paris agreement has entered into force
Diese Doktorarbeit befasst sich mit der regionalen Dezentralisierung der Energiegewinnung und -verteilung. Sie untersucht die Beziehungen zwischen der öffentlichen Politik, der Planung für Energie, Luft und Klima, sowie der Entwicklung der Gebiete hin zu einer positiven Energiebilanz. Sollte diese Evolution von Oben angestoßen werden, durch weltweite, europäische und nationale Entscheidungen und Ziele, die anschließend regional umgesetzt werden? Oder sollten nachhaltige Projekte regional initiiert werden, sodass „Régions“ und Nation sie genehmigen und in eine größerräumige Entwicklung eingliedern können? Inwiefern gewinnen Gemeindeverbände, Metropolen und Regionen in Energie-und Klimafragen an Macht? Wie fügen sich die neuen regionalen Konzepte und Planungen mit den Stadtentwicklungspapieren zusammen? Ist eine regionale energetische Autonomie möglich und mit dem Solidargedanken vereinbar? Die Arbeit beruht auf einer Korpusanalyse, der Verarbeitung statistischer Daten, der Teilnahme an Kolloquien und einer Arbeit vor Ort im städtischen Raum der Métropole Européenne de Lille, dem ländlich geprägten Pays de Fayence in Südfrankreich, mit einer Erweiterung in Richtung Ouarzazate in der Wüste Marokkos und zur Westafrikanischen Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion. Diese vier Gebiete liegen auf einer Forschungsvertikalen, und das in einem Kontext sich ändernder Gesetze im Zusammenhang mit den Fortschritten der COP21, mit den Initiativen der Europäischen Energie-und Klimakommission und mit der französischen Gesetzesänderungen im Sommer 2015, die die Neuverteilung der französischen Regionen und die Energiewende betrafen. Diese Gebiete sind in drei Paare aufgeteilt, um verschiedene Ergebnisse zu erbringen: einerseits in Frankreich, für das die Kohlendioxidgrenze gilt, anderseits der Mittelmeerraum und Afrika, die dieser Grenze noch nicht unterworfen sind, solange die Pariser Vereinbarung der COP21 noch nicht in Kraft getreten ist
Seghouani, Lotfi. "Analyse des interactions énergétiques entre un aréna et son système de réfrigération." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1917.
Full textPoint, Sébastien. "Etude et optimisation de l'efficacité énergétique d'enseignes lumineuses sans mercure excitées en régime d'impulsions électriques." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00722581.
Full textYassine, Hala. "Études expérimentales et numériques du refroidissement de produits horticoles après récolte." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS376/document.
Full textThe post-harvest cooling of horticultural products is an essential operation to ensure optimal conditions of preservation and of marketing. This operation which is often carried out using air flow is highly energy-consuming. Therefore it is important to dispose some tools that can optimize the design and management of such installations. This work concerns the pre-cooling of cauliflower which requires a cooling phase of several hours. The macroscopic properties that are needed for the numerical simulation of heat conduction within the product were determined. An experimental facility was set up in order to establish the cooling kinetics of a product placed in an air flow. From these experimental data, a first 3D numerical model that takes into account the thermo-aeraulic phenomena and thermal conduction has been implemented. The equations have been implemented under COMSOL Multiphysics software. A second 1D numerical model that calculates the fields of temperature and water content in a product was then developed to simulate the cooling of several products lined up in an air flow. The comparison of simulation results with experimental surveys on an industrial site shows the relevance of the method. These numerical developments were then used to initiate an offline approach of the optimal control of the ventilation. Two criteria are taken into account: the desired final temperature and the energy consumption owing to the thermal losses of the building envelope
David, Benjamin, and Benjamin David. "Amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique d'une solution innovante de chauffage basse température et de rafraîchissement." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734021.
Full textGhnimi, Sami. "Etude des performances thermique et hydraulique d'une cellule à effet Joule direct avec jet de fluide : applications aux fluides visqueux et encrassants." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1759.
Full textThe main objective of this experimental work was to quantify the energetic, thermal and hydrodynamic performances of an innovative fluid jet ohmic heater designed for the heat treatment of viscous and highly fouling liquids. First, energy balance, in the upstream-downstream of the power supply and that dissipated in the fluid jet, enabled the quantification of the energy efficiency of this new ohmic heating process. This preliminary work has led to propose an empirical model to predict the imposed delay time, in order to dissipate the required power while maintaining high energy efficiency in the ohmic system. Then, the hydrodynamic study, in the non-fouled ohmic heater, showed that dead zones should exist in the receptacle of the ohmic cell according to the fluid viscosity and operating conditions. The Residence Time Distribution in this receptacle was interpreted using an arrangement of simple ideal reactors. In addition, measurements of the Residence Time Distribution, in this receptacle of the ohmic heater, showed that they were also heavily influenced by the viscosity and the operating conditions in the fluid jet. Two models, using an arrangement of simple ideal reactors, were proposed to describe the Residence Time Distribution of some borderline cases. Lastly, in the thermal study, a mathematical model was developed and validated, using experimental infrared thermography, to predict the material temperature rise along the ohmically heated fluid jet. The predicted temperature and velocity profiles along the fluid jet can be further used for obtaining the sterilising or pasteurising effect of heat in ohmic fluid jet. This work has also highlighted that the fluid level in the receptacle of the ohmic heater is the primarily critical process factor. Thus, new ohmic heater geometry with a radar sensor was designed and validated for more reliable detection of this fluid level and easier regulation of this parameter. Finally, tests with fouling model fluids in the new ohmic cell showed that the protein deposit is essentially located on the electrode of mass and did not affect (in the explored area) the hydraulic, energetic or thermal performances of the new ohmic heater. Comparison tests, with real products, suggest that this new ohmic heating were advantageous in terms of fouling, compared to conventional heating
Gaaloul, Sana. "Interopérabilité basée sur les standards Modelica et composant logiciel pour la simulation énergétique des systèmes de bâtiment." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782540.
Full textCuny, Mathias. "Etude de l'impact des conditions géologiques et climatiques sur l'efficacité énergétique des systèmes géothermiques de surface." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD028/document.
Full textSurface geothermal systems extract energy from the ground via a fluid circulating in an exchanger at a depth not exceeding 200 m. Two typologies of exchangers are generally used: systems with vertical exchangers, mainly affected by geological conditions; and horizontal exchangers, closer to the surface of ground, impacted mainly by weather conditions. Thermal exchanges in the soil are mainly conduction heat transfers. Thus, thermo-physical properties of soil influence, mostly, energy extracted by exchangers. In order to quantify influence of geological and meteorological conditions on thermo-physical properties of soil, two experimental devices are developed, designed, instrumented and validated. The experimental results provide more appropriate scientific knowledge on hydric behavior of a soil subjected to rain events and influence of compactness on thermal properties of soil. In addition, one numerical study, based on a finite element 2D modeling of an earth-air heat exchanger, evaluates their energy performance under different soil moisture conditions and rain scenarios thus revealing the utility of water to significantly improve its performance
Gaaloul, Sana. "Interopérabilité sur les standards Modelica et composant logiciel pour la simulation énergétique des sytèmes de bâtiment." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864001.
Full textLefevre, Laurent. "Contributions à la flexibilité et à l'efficacité énergétique des systèmes distribués à grande échelle." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925154.
Full textRomani, Zaid. "Développement d'une méthode d'aide à la décision multicritère pour la conception des bâtiments neufs et la réhabilitation des bâtiments existants à haute efficacité énergétique." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS034/document.
Full textThe building sector is the largest consumer of energy in the world. In Mediterranean region, facing the economic crisis and commitments for climate change, the reduction of energy consumption for both new and existing buildings is more necessary. Against this background, seeking optimal technical solutions taking into account the economic, environmental and societal criteria is a very complex problem due to the high number of parameters to consider. In order to solve this problem, a state of the art of multi-criteria optimization method has been achieved. We found that many constraints exist when using these methods such as high time calculation and no absolute assurance to find the global optimum. Thus, the main objective of the present work is to propose a new method that allows overcome these difficulties. This method is based on the development of polynomial models for the prediction of heating energy needs, cooling energy needs, final energy needs and summer thermal comfort. To establish these models, we used the design of experiments method and dynamic thermal simulations using TRNSYS software. From these models, a sensitivity analysis has been achieved in order to identify the leading parameters on energy requirements and thermal comfort in summer. A database associating each parameter for its cost and environmental impact on its lifetime was generated from CYPE software and INIES database. Then, a detailed parametric study was performed using polynomial functions for determining a set of optimal solutions using the Pareto front approach. This new method was applied to design new buildings with high energy efficiency at controlled costs for the six Moroccan climate zones. The validation of polynomial models through a comparison with random simulations gave very satisfactory results. With a polynomial model of the second order, the maximum error on the energy needs and the adaptive thermal comfort did not exceed 2 kWh/m².an and 9% respectively. The developed models were used for multiple-criteria decision analysis. The results showed that buildings with very low energy needs can be built with a reasonable cost. On the other hand an effort should be focused on more efficient solutions for adaptive thermal comfort in summer especially for Marrakech and Errachidia. Finally, we also implemented our method to a project of energy rehabilitation of an existing building located in La Rochelle (France). Environmental criteria were also taken into account in the optimization process. The selected technical solutions procured approximately 15 kWh/m².year of heating energy needs. The developed multicriteria decision method showed a great potential for both designing new and existing buildings with high energy efficiency. It allows a very fast operational optimization of sustainable buildings at reasonable cost and low energy consumption
Cohen, François. "Investir dans l’utilisation et la production d’énergie pour lutter et s’adapter au changement climatique." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0022/document.
Full textEnergy investments are a requirement to mitigate climate change, but also a challenge for adaptation. The first part of this PhD dissertation focuses on improving the energy efficiency of domestic appliances. Chapter 1 analyses if consumers take into account energy costs when they purchase refrigerators with UK market data. Chapter 2 presents the EU Energy Label, its expected effects on energy efficiency and the key factors of success of such a large scale information-based policy. The second part of this PhD dissertation broadens the scope of analysis to the impacts of climate change on energy investment behaviour. Chapter 3 reviews the climate sensitiveness of the electricity sector and provides elements of discussion on how investments decisions could better take into account climate change in the future. Chapter 4 provides a longitudinal analysis of the evolution of US housing (1985-2011) and its sensitivity to climate, with the objective of forecasting the long-run impact of climate change on both residential gas and electricity consumptions
Vaché, Isabelle. "L'émergence des politiques énergétiques en Pays de la Loire (France). Effets de contexte, potentiels et jeux d'acteurs." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431585.
Full textWang, Yewan. "Évaluation et modélisation de l’impact énergétique des centres de donnée en fonction de l’architecture matérielle/ logicielle et de l’environnement associé." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0175.
Full textFor years, the energy consumption of the data center has dramatically increased followed by the explosion of demand in cloud computing. This thesis addresses the scientific challenge of energy modeling of a data center, based on the most important variables. With such modeling, an data center operator will be able to better reallocate / design the current / future data centers. In order to identify the energy impacts of hardware and software used in computer systems. In the first part of the thesis, to identify and characterize the uncertainties of energy consumption introduced by external elements: thermal effects, difference between identical processors caused by imperfect manufacturing process, precision problems resulting from power measurement tool, etc. We have completed this scientific study by developing a global power modeling for a given physical cluster, this cluster is composed by 48 identical servers and equipped with a direct expansion cooling system, conventionally used today for modern data centers. The modeling makes it possible to estimate the overall energy consumption of the cluster based on operational configurations and data relating to IT activity, such as ambient temperature, cooling system configurations and server load
Chahine, May. "Etude des effets magnétiques et des effets de l'enrichissement en oxygène sur la combustion d'une flamme de diffusion laminaire CH4-Air : optimisation de l'efficacité énergétique." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747330.
Full textSchaep, Thomas. "Conception et commande optimale d’une architecture hybride hydraulique de reach stacker." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI121/document.
Full textThe continuously increasing of the intercontinental trade as well as the globalization lead to the need of higher productivity for ports and container terminals. In order to fulfill the need of competitiveness of terminal operators and in the same time respect the environmental legislation, container handling machine manufacturers are developping new solutions. Hybridization of energy sources is an interesting way but using more energy efficient actuation lines is also suitable. As a consequence, specifications are more and more complex, and can in particular have heterogeneous natures. In this thesis, the focus is made on two main topics linked to those problematics. On the one hand, a methodology concerning the sizing of over-actuated systems thanks to a coupling between inverse problems and dynamic optimization is exposed. On the other hand, the design, control strategies and an experimental validation of an hybrid actuation line applied to an container handling machine is presented. First of all, we propose a new procedure based on the bond graph language allowing the designer to take into account simultaneously two types of specifications, namely a cost function to minimize and functions of time specifying desired outputs of the system. This results in a coupled problem of state-space inversion and optimization. The procedure lead to a bond graph from which it is possible to directly derive the analytical system of the problem. The fundamental theory for proving the effectiveness of this procedure is carried out using the port hamiltonian systems. The bond graph representation of an optimal control problem is then extended to systems involving non linearities on dissipative R elements. In a second part, a new actuation architecture is proposed for a container handling machine, in order to improve the fuel efficiency. On the one hand, a transformer based system to recover the potential energy released during container lowering is exposed. This energy is stored into a hydropneumatic accumulator. Then, it is returned thanks to an extra hydraulic motor coupled to the engine shaft. On the other hand, a resizing of the main hydraulic pumps as well as a more suitable control law is proposed in order to make the engine work at better efficiency points. All those evolutions previously mentionned give now the possibility to perform kinetic energy recuperation during vehicle deceleration without adding any major component. The new architecture combined with more effetive control laws lead to a fuel consumption reduction of 16% up to 18%. Finally, the potential energy recovery system is validated on a test rig. The control laws are implemented and the dynamic and energetic performances are then analysed
Palandre, Lionel. "Évaluation des solutions techniques à haute efficacité énergétique pour les sèche-linge domestiques : Conception et modélisation d'un sèche-linge a re-compression mécanique d'air très humide." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1311.
Full textThe aim of this work is to evaluate high efficiency solutions for domestic tumble dryers. A specific analysis focuses on the thermodynamic cycle with very humid air compression. The main components are designed. In a first time, two technologies of dryers are studied: evacuation dryer, and condensation dryer. Drying cycles are measured and analyzed. The energy consumption for the standard 5kg cotton cycle is in the range of 3. 3 kwh and 3. 6 kwh. Two alternative solutions are proposed to reduce significantly the energy consumption: a heat pump dryer with r-134a, or an open cycle using steam or very humid air as refrigerant. In both cases, the energy consumption is cut by a factor 2. The measurement of convective heat transfer coefficients between linen and humid air has allowed to elaborate a correlation giving the lewis function evolution with very high absolute humidity. Heat exchanges in the tumble have been characterized. A correlation giving the heat transfer coefficient in function of air mass flow rate, linen mass, and its relative humidity, is developed. An unsteady-state model is developed. It gives the drying cycle of the tumble dryer with mechanical very humid air compression. Simulations show that drying time could be reduced to 1 hour using this process compared to 2 hours with r-134a heat pump dryers
Gaaloul, Chouikh Sana. "Interopérabilité sur les standards Modelica et composant logiciel pour la simulation énergétique des sytèmes de bâtiment." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT063/document.
Full textTo better reduce its invoices, control its energy flows and respect various restrictions in this sector characterised by important consumption, the building becomes more and more complex including various innovative technologies such as Energy Management Systems (BEMS), efficient insulation and integrating renewable energies. This complexity requires a changing in building simulation techniques and paradigms in order to take into account its various developments. A global modelling of this system taking into account its various components and ensuring an efficient simulation of its heterogeneous subsystems must be performed.These objectives can only be achieved through the use of interoperability methodological approaches. Several interoperability solutions have been explored in the building sector and the state of the art make an accent on the standardization lack of applied solutions. A white box approach based on Modelica language has emerged in this area. To raise its interest and limitations, this solution is adopted for “PREDIS” system, a high energy performance building, modelling. A complementary black box approach, based on software component standard and dedicated for simulation is also applied to overcome the first approach difficulties. This approach is based on software component bus concept that is able to ensure an effective interoperability between modelling tools and simulation environments.In addition of the established software architecture around the platform interoperability, an efficient simulation of heterogeneous systems requires appropriate simulations techniques. These techniques may require several adaptations of used models that are provided by the component standard
Wang, Yunxin. "Stratégie de modélisation des systèmes de valorisation énergétique : Application aux machines ORC et à absorption." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI068.
Full textEnergy consumption in industry is increasing today, with the amplification of industrial activities in the world. At the same time, the scarcity of primary energy and global warming are insist the use of alternative technologies and energies, in order to sustainably develop, and to satisfy the increase in consumption. Thus, improving energy use in industry is also becoming an important topic to be developed and studied. In some industrial sites, the waste heats are enormously released into the environment without any energy treatment. Its temperatures are sometimes, much higher than the ambient. The valorization of these heats is advised, by using the valorization systems, for the production of hot, cold and electricity. This treatment can significantly reduce the energy waste and improve energy efficiency in the industry. For this reason, several projects are being launched. The aim of the VALENTHIN project is to improve industrial energy efficiency by valorizing waste heat or by developing industrial processes. This thesis concentrates on the studies of valorization systems, particularly with regard to the different modeling methods. In this report, the bibliographies are synthesized, on the different models used for the valorization systems, especially the absorption system and the organic Rankine cycle mentioned in this project. Consequently, a modeling strategy is proposed and is shown for steady state simulations and dynamic regime systems. The choice of types of modeling must take into account their advantages and disadvantages and also the needs of the users, with the aim of modeling and developing systems more easily and efficiently
Nauleau, Marie-Laure. "L'efficacité énergétique dans le secteur résidentiel français : analyse des déterminants d'investissement et des politiques publiques." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01618117.
Full textGiven the share of the residential sector in households' energy consumption, residential energy retrofitting is a burning issue in the climate change policy strategy. All the investment barriers faced by households invite us to explore the investment factors and to assess the efficiency of public policies. In a first part, the thesis studies the investment factors by estimating a discrete choice model on data from the French annual "Energy Management" survey conducted by Ademe, particularly focusing on factors heterogeneity among retrofitting types. A second part of the thesis deals with the assessment of public policy promoting energy efficiency, both from the demand and the supply sides of the energy efficiency markets. Regarding the demand side, the thesis uses two complementary methods: an ex-post econometric study focuses on the French tax credit called Credit d'lmpot Developpement Durable implemented in 2005 while an ex-ante study uses a hybrid energy-economy model to compare different policies. Regarding the supply side, given the high degree of concentration on the energy efficiency markets, we use a theoretical model to assess public policy efficiency in the presence of three markets imperfections: the negative externality linked to C02 and the imperfections of market competition and information inducing price-quality discrimination