Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Efficacité de l'organisation – Liban'
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Osta, Souheir. "Introduction du contrôle de gestion dans le secteur public libanais." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090012.
The introduction of management control in Lebanon's public sector is a pioneering experience in promoting transparency and accountability that all public administrations could adopt. The thesis focuses on the main challenges and paradoxes of the adaptation of management control in public sector. The objectives are: 1) to define the scope of the Lebanese public sector, 2) to analyze the characteristics of management control in the public sector, and 3) to explore the tools for implementation in public administration. We already tested the model of management control at the Ministry of Finance. The implementation process has been tested on a regional Directorate of Revenue and has addressed the adoption of strategic planning and data analysis, on one hand, and, on the other hand, the identification of indicators and the design of scorecards as a management tool to evaluate the public action. This thesis is regarded as a challenge and an experience that it will be possible to follow and develop in all the Directorates of the Ministry of Finance. Thus, this research will be useful for state officials to improve and enhance the public sector performance as well as to create incentives for development
Aomari, Amina. "Les compétences collectives facteur de performance de PME informatiques méditerranéennes : cas du Maroc, France, Espagne, Liban." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40004.
El, Chlouk Ghinwa. "La délimitation de la gouvernance des Organisations Non Gouvernementales : évaluation de l'efficacité des ONG dans le cas du Liban." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020054.
The central question that this thesis seeks to address revolves around a proposal for delimitation of the concept of governance in non-governmental organizations. The issue of governance has been widely studied by economists of the public choice without nonetheless proposing an application to NGOs, something that has become necessary due to the quantitative and qualitative development of these organizations and their growing impact on society. Given the shortcomings of States, and specific needs that have begun to arise requiring interventions in some areas in societies, organized collective action emerged and developed. The approach used in this proposal seeks to present first the emergence of norms of cooperation and mutual assistance, and then define the properties and structures of decision-making processes within NGOs. This study then presents the characteristics of the different components of the operational framework of NGO interventions: donor relations, information and transparency, cost structures ... The choice of Lebanon comes from the uniqueness of a small country that has seen a large proliferation of NGOs from more than fifty years. presented the results of the survey of 90 organizations in Lebanon, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the action of the organization is presented based on the work of Cooper, Charnes and Rhodes on the model of Data envelopment analysis DEA
Azzi, Tarek. "Gouvernance, détresse économique et performance des entreprises libanaises." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090043.
This research examines the relationship between corporate governance in Lebanon and performance in financially economically distressed companies. Working under the auspices of agency theory assumption that decline is a situation where deteriorating performance exemplifies the deviation in managerial efforts to satisfy the shareholders’ interests. Firms enter economic and financial distress as the result of economic distress, declines in their performance and poor management. The first research question focuses on the influence of declining performance on changes in the corporate governance mechanism. Relationships between corporate governance characteristics and financial distress status are examined within a sample of Lebanese firms that leads to a conclusion stating that the board of director’s characteristics explain financial distress, beyond an exclusive reliance on financial indicators
Hojaili, Nadine. "Au-delà des stéréotypes : un cadre analytique pour un leadership efficace des femmes au Moyen-Orient." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ0001.
This study investigates the relationships between procedural justice, interactional justice, leader-member exchange, and job satisfaction in Lebanese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Grounded in the Social Exchange Theory, the research explores how fairness perceptions and gender influence leader-member relationships and employee satisfaction during crises. Using data from 1,127 participants in Lebanese SMEs, structural equation modeling was employed for analysis. Results reveal that interactional justice positively impacts leader-member exchange, fostering strong ties through fair and respectful treatment. Surprisingly, procedural justice does not exhibit a direct positive effect on leader-member exchange, implying contextual factors may override procedural fairness. Moreover, leader-member exchange significantly enhances job satisfaction, highlighting the importance of positive leadership in promoting employee well-being. However, contrary to hypotheses, leader-member exchange does not mediate the relationship between procedural justice and job satisfaction. Gender is not a significant moderator of relationships between procedural justice, interactional justice, leader-member exchange, and job satisfaction, suggesting universal relevance within Lebanese SMEs. Theoretical implications from the Social Exchange Theory stress the need for fair communication and personalized leadership styles to build trust and positive relationships. Managerial implications underscore adopting gender-inclusive and responsive approaches, alongside crisis management strategies prioritizing procedural and interactional justice, for fostering resilience in organizations. Keywords: procedural justice, interactional justice, leader-member exchange, job satisfaction, gender-inclusive, Lebanese SMEs
Raad, Samer. "Baalbeck, ville et campagne : étude de l'organisation urbaine et régionale." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040027.
The subject of our research constitutes a study of the space organization in northern Beqaa, a district of Baalbek. This study is composed of an urban analysis which concern Baalbek, the capital of our geographical zone, and a regional analysis related to the space between the city and its countryside. In the urban analysis, the various space components of the city such as town center, residential quarters, touristic zones and suburban space are studied prior to the examination of the urban functions in detail: structure and evolution. The regional analysis deals with the different types of influence in the district of Baalbek; the administrative, commercial, land, academic, sanitary and migratory problems are studied. In summary, a regional organization is identified. Our investigation carried out between 1987 and 1990 constitutes the principal source of data
Mokraoui, Hocine. "Essai sur le concept d'efficacité organisationnelle." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10060.
The unidimensional conception of efficiency has prevailed for a long time. It has essentially consisted in putting the notion of efficiency in the same category as productiveness and profitability. The systematic approach of organizations leads to an overshooting of this prospect. We have brought out four fundamental features of efficiency : It is a multidimensional notion. It is evolutive (dynamical). It has not a universal tenor. It involves a relation of dependency of organizing towards its environment
Kaambi, Abdel-Latuf. "Qualité et performance : approches croisées de trois cas de changement." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS018S.
The management of quality is recognized today like a key element of performance, and thus of differentiation of the companies. The emergent processes, related to the various steps quality, exert a real influence on the performances of the company, and emphasize a complexity which makes their management difficult to control. The objective of this thesis consists in studying the effects of the steps quality on the organisational performances of the company. She seeks to put in light and at better including/understanding the permanent interactions between the installation of step quality and the performances organisational. The problems are declined in four theoretical proposals which direct the empirical study. It is carried out through three case studies realities and diversified, of steps quality. Starting from a study of the literature, of a qualitative analysis of the data collected and discussion of the theoretical proposals, new theoretical proposals are formulated and of the concrete tracks of action are indicated to enrich management by quality. The principal results highlight a positive and significant contribution of the steps quality, in the organisational performances of the companies, via process of changes and organisational trainings. This contribution was supplemented by the forward setting of variable and moderated effects, been dependant on the contextual elements, and the subtlety of the organized system of the steps quality: the quality of management
Qaqish, Mahmoud. "Comptabilité analytique et mesure de l'efficacité de l'organisation." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN11011.
Barraud, Didier Valérie. "Contribution à l'étude du lien entre les pratiques de GRH et la performance financière de l'entreprise : le cas des pratiques de mobilisation." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10060.
El-Massih, Elias. "Système d'information pour la gestion et l'organisation de l'école privée au Liban." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010043.
The paper deals with the conception of an information system which is coupled with a system to support decision making the management and organisation of the private school in lebanon. The information system is built through the application of a system procedure which makes it possible to describe on an abstract level and highlights its semantics, on its conceptual schema : definition an analysis to the objects (entities), their associations and properties (static 41model); events; operations together with the factors, predicates and launching conditions of each operation (dynamic model). The decision support system is aimed at helping the educative system. Here the decision dupport system is an aid to education. The information system serves as a support for decision making in the operational, administrative, functional and educational fields. The effective realisation of the system is carried out by a correspondance between conceptual events and the modules of a programme specially prepared for schools written in "c" language by the antonin center for computer research ("center antonin de recherches sur ordinateur " c. A. R. O. " -- lebanon, 1982)
El-Haddad, Pierre. "Developing Cooperation among NGOs : exploratory research in Lebanon." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3029.
This research investigates cooperation among non-governmental organizations operating in Lebanon. Against a background of mounting societal requirements and diminishing resources, NGOs are called upon to cooperate together to improve their resource efficiency and their impact. The methodology adopted is the socio-economic intervention research to study cooperation and it relation to improved performance. Findings suggest that intra-organizational dysfunctions are antecedents of cooperation dysfunctions, and that a successful cooperation improves organizational performance
Bénollet, Philippe. "Principe de régulation sociale : le rapport structuro-comportemental dialectique, recherche expérimentale." Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO22014.
Companies must adapt to environments which are more and more complex and uncertain. This adaptation must be in terms on organization and management. What is at stake is not to ask for passive and disciplined contribution of the employees, but to stimulate actors' decisions and actions to get as close as possible to the roots of the problems. What it's all about is to design, to bring to life and to direct a complex living system. What matters is to switch from a controlling management to a social adjustment one. The << classical >> definitions of the social adjustment regulation are defective and deal with a natural economic performance linked to the social regulation, they don't bring out the economic effects of this regulation, and the ways and means of action that they discribe result in a deadlock. The socio-economic dynamics, on the one hand are an answer to the critical points which affects the << classical >> action means, on the other hand enables improvement of efficiency of the companies, thanks to a real social regulation management. Two levers are used : structures and behaviors, linked by a dialectical connection. This dialectical aspect makes it possible to look on as pertinent the socio-economic analysis to account for the social regulation because of the dialectical motion of this regulation
Mourillon, François. "Les activités productives : éléments théoriques et qualitatifs de compréhension du phénomène productif." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10020.
One of the possible descriptions of the multiple forms of the productive phenomenon could be summed up as a likening of this phenomenon to a particular method of acquiring resources required by the people concerned. Thanks to the enlargement permitted by this definition it is possible to encompass under the term "productive activity" all the activities ranging from the simple form of searching-gathering to the more complex form of methods. This definition therefore both transcribes the productive phenomenon and widens its sphere of activity. The notion of productive activity describes a particular method of resource acquisition which mobilizes all kinds of people involved in the functioning of the method as well as a space and a time of work particular and specific to this method. Its capacity to encompass in a highly coherent group all these intervening parties thus produces a relatively accurate and penetrating picture of this particular method of acquisition. This notion of productive activity in fact evolves at two quite distinct levels; one general, the other local. The general level describes above all the general characteristics common to the different productive activities, presenting an ideal type of the notion of productive activity. The local level describes more precisely each of the different forms of this productive activity, the way in which the general features characterize this exact form. The contribution of this notion of activity production is not only restricted to this description of the productive phenomenon. It also serves as a possible basis for constructing, explaining and understanding productive systems in developed forms. Such an understanding is especially useful at the highly theoretical and conceptual level of production methods. As a result of the symbolic vision they give, the methods enable one to understand and to go beyond the intrinsic limits of productive activities in order to attain a higher level (META)
BUSSON, VILLA FLORENCE. "Integration d'une logique manageriale de l'efficacite dans la gestion communale du gouvernement a la gouvernance urbaine." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN11030.
Ayoub, Hassan. "Efficacité du système financier et rôle des banques dans le cadre d'une économie ouverte en cours de reconstruction et de développement : rôle du Liban." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0046.
Delclite, Thomas. "Hétérogénéité et efficacité des équipes de travail." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12007/document.
This thesis addresses the link between the heterogeneity of a work team and its technical efficiency. The academic literature puts forth two opposite statements on this topic: On one side heterogeneity is said to reduce the team’s efficiency by diminishing its cohesion ; on the other side it is considered as a source of mutual learning and creativity, thus increasing the team’s productivity. This thesis proposes a new theoretical framework that enables us to understand this link and overcome these oppositions by distinguishing, for every form of heterogeneity, a functional dimension and a psychosocial dimension. This new approach was then empirically tested by using data from a large-scale retail company. We measured the technical efficiency of 411 teams of sales managers and econometrically tested our hypothesis for several forms of heterogeneity (age, gender, education level and skills level). Based on the result we put forth several recommended practices intended for Human Resources supervisors who want to take into account the heterogeneity of their teams
Sabek, Nathalie. "Etude comparee de l'organisation judiciaire au liban et en syrie (avec reference au droit francais)." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05D007.
Mekdessi, Sélim. "La relation entre le management socio-économique et la certification ISO, dans le secteur bancaire libanais." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_elmekdessi_s.pdf.
Oget, David. "Efficacité et coûts du baccalauréat général et technologique : quelle alternative à l'organisation des épreuves ?" Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE002.
The diploma that marks the end of the French secondary education, the " baccalauréat", is very costly ; it is difficult to organise and it has high success rates. Similar diplomas in Europe are structured differently, with less final tests and more continuous assessment. Two hypotheses for reforming the baccalauréat are set and tested in this thesis: a substitution of final tests by continuous assessment and a reduction of the number of final tests. On one hand, the test of the first hypothesis shows that an exam constituted of the various marks obtained during the year would produce results (success/failure) which are too far from the individual results of the baccalauréat. According to their social background and their high school, candidates would benefit differently of continuous assessments. On the other hand, an exam made of four final tests instead of ten would bring results closely related to actual results of the present baccalauréat, as would an exam constituted of four final tests and six continuous assessments
Strada, André. "Efficacité économique et déplacements des personnes dans l'organisation de l'espace : l'exemple de l'agglomération parisienne." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040017.
This work is interested in links uniting economy and space, within the great metropolises of developed countries. It examines the relation between economic efficiency of activities, in production as well as in consumption, and space organization. The adopted methodology is both qualitative and quantitative. The space organization is recognized across the urban displacements flux (dailly mobility) and transport budget-time that summarizes them. The theoretical bases are next verified on the example of the urban area of paris. The study demonstrates the close relationship between economic efficiency and space organization. Its index proves to be an excellent indicator of economic and spatial urban reality, and a potential tool of urban planning. The principles of this relationship have been applied to reflections and thoughts on planning in the paris metropolitan area, seeking to optimize economic effects by rational space organization
Gennari, Ida Christine Marie El Hicheri. "Identification, évaluation et développement des compétences managériales : Modélisation et élaboration d’outils au service de la démarche compétences dans une grande entreprise française." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H127.
The project encompasses a multidisciplinary approach (Workplace Psychology, Management and Vocational training) of current questions related to research or the identification, evaluation and development of management skills. From two job analyses of the managers using the "Critical Incidents" method (Flanagan, 1954), managers were given tools allowing them to estimate, detect, and develop certain skills among their staff. At the theoretical level, the research aims at modelling management skills and studying the respective role of each of them in their performance. The job analysis allowed identification of six key management skills. From there, an Assessment Center (AC) was created allowing in-house recruitment of junior managers. After to a study of internal validity of the process, the results of the factor analyses show an influence of the effect halo on the oral tests, but of much better results on the In-Basket tests. The general structure of the AC tool appears structured according to the model. A predictive validity study was then conducted from a 360° which brought to light a link between managers performances in the workplace and their evaluation in the AC and revealed distortions of perceptions of the manager’s role between the various actors of the Executive Committee. Our research allows proposes an example of competency-driven tasks, of modelling in the implementation of tools to accompany professional development
Creff-Michel, Emmanuelle. "Coût, efficience et performance technique de la fourniture d'un service public local : évaluation économique comparée des organisations de la collecte sélective des déchets d'emballages ménagers et journaux-magazines en France." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1G017.
This research evaluate the public service performances of the packaging material collection in order to investigate improvement factors. First, it relies on the analysis of means of regulation and economic tools set up by public authorities and concerning houseold packaging wastes (pollueur payeur principle and cost transactions internalisation). The evaluation then consists in the analysis of real datas, technical and economical, gathered in the course of a survey conducted to 130 local authorities. The variety of organizational and technical choices as well as the variety of agents concerned, induces the settlement of indicators comparable and applicable to the specificities of concerned authorities. The sample got analysed with non-parametrical statistical methods : ranging tests and data envelopment method
Lahmandi-Ayed, Rim. "Concurrence imparfaite et efficacité économique : équilibre d'oligopole, différenciation verticale et jeux dynamiques d'entrée." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0028.
Mazars-Chapelon, Agnès. "Outils de gestion, cognition, émotion : vers la compréhension de la prolifération d'outils de gestion dans les organisations." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090036.
Runte, Eduardo Frederico Augusto. "Productivity and safety : adjustments at work in socio-technical system." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00537770.
The thesis presents the findings from a study of the adjustments of performance conducted by human operators in the course of routine work. The findings are in the form of a comprehensive theory and a method. The adjustments are the changes to the natural flow of work, to avoid a situation considered undesirable, to compensate for a temporary lack of resources, equipment, and time, or to maintain or restore control over the operation of a sociotechnical system. The thesis describes a number of events in which such adjustments occurred, and identifies the reasons behind the adjustments and their consequences for both safety and productivity. The identification of these two elements leads the research toward the development of a classification of adjustments in terms of their work conditions, their underlying motivations, and their observable effects. This classification may be used by anyone concerned with maintaining a proper balance between safety and productivity, by indicating which practices should be facilitated and improved upon, and which should be reduced or altogether avoided. The thesis uses data obtained from observation of various activities carried out aboard natural gas production platforms in the North Sea. The use of the classification is described as a method for gauging performance adjustments. Future research based on this study should go in the direction of refining the classification proposed here, as well as in the development of methods to support the management of performance adjustments
Trigui, Samir. "Efficacité organisationnelle : étude théorique et approche empirique au niveau des entreprises publiques dans les pays africains." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE0004.
Ben, Kahla Karim. "Cohérences et performances organisationnelles : propositions conceptuelles et discussions empiriques." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010041.
This thesis aims at achieving three objectives : - propose one or several definitions of the consistency of organizational behavior : - propose a methodology allowing to measure the consistency of the behaviors; - explore the relations between consistency of the behaviors and performance of the organizations. We begin by reporting some problems of the theories of the organizations and introducing the need of a work of conceptual development in order to clarify the notion of performance and present the different perspectives allowing to consider the consistency of organizational systems. We present and discuss the classical systemic perspectives as well as the perspectives of the complexity and of chaos. The development of a typology of the possibilities of research on the consistency allows us to bring out, introduce and criticize two major paradigms : the one of contingency theories and the one of configurational theories. The discussion of this last paradigm allows us to present two types of fit (extrinsic and intrinsic) as well as a configurational methodology allowing to measure these. The application to the sector of the manufacturers of the pieces of furniture allows to bring out some non-linear relations between fits and performances and of partially confirming a certain number of our hypotheses. This work finishes by a reflection on the ways of overtaking and notably on the problem of the interdisciplinarity
Paydulova, Yana. "The role of collaboration in global virtual team performance : the case of a professional service firm." Reims, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REIME001.
Today society becomes increasingly open, dynamic, and globalized. Strong orientation on knowledge-based and solution-orientated production creates new challenges for companies. Increasingly, the work requires flexible cooperation across functions, divisions, and levels within organizations. The environment requires new, flatter, more collaborative forms of organization. Virtual team is an effective mechanism to optimize the use of company internal expertise dispersed geographically. Collaborative community is seen as a new organizational model enabling organization to face new challenges. The key objectives of this study are to investigate the role of collaborative community concept for virtual team performance in the context of professional service firm and get better insight on how such collaborative community could be built within one company. Combining the literature on virtual team performance and collaboration, the study empirically tests the relations between these two concepts. In particular the testing was performed on two types of population within the same company PSF. The qualitative case study was conducted to ensure better understanding / interpretation of the quantitative results. This complementary approach also provided useful insights on the strategy of building collaborative community within a PSF. The study contributes to the literature on the dynamics of virtual team by improving the understanding of the role of collaborative community for its performance
Orvain, Jacques. "Les dispositifs performatifs denses : éléments dynamiques, structuraux et conventionnels de la gestion des activités de soins." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=978fa1bf-728c-4d55-a4a6-c21d7d21e5ad.
Hospital performance depends not only on its environmental factors but also on teams’ ability to structure care practices. Technical measures are insufficient and specific management practices should be implemented to deal with these difficult situations. Usual action theories do not interpret these difficulties in a comprehensive way. A pragmatic epistemology allows us to introduce interactions within work communities, as important factors for performance. The observation of care practices for pressure ulcers in eight different hospitals has highlighted the different structural dimensions of performance : a synchronic dimension which articulates the processes within a pattern of action which reflects a high alert attitude ; a diachronic dimension which supports the processes with enduring resources ; a conventional dimension which modalizes these patterns. Managerial practices such as qualifying, enacting and inscribing in conventions, help building deep sites of action. Archetypal conventions institutionalize these practices
Charra, Yves. "L'E. S. M "Epistémo-Socio-Marketing" : ou de la necessité d'utiliser le marketing et plus particulièrement l'ESM afin de mieux articuler dimension sociale et dimension économique et pour les managers de relier performance sociale et performance économique." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_charra_y.pdf.
The ESM, Epistémo-Socio-Marketing, is a form of Marketing of which it takes again the whole of the concepts by integrating the contributions of the epistemological approach there. The ESM, makes it possible to carry out a reading of social dimension without cutting it its origins and of its roots and without denaturing its values, but moreover, its range increases some by showing its economic dimension. The ESM, also makes it possible to carry out a reading of the Marketing approach by attaching it to what seems its true origins, by updating its values, by increasing its in particular social range. The ESM, after being positioned compared to social and economic dimension, allows finally a better complementarity between the Social sector and the sector commercial and with the managers of structures intervening in the Social sector and commercial to better articulate social performance and economic performance
Foudeh, Musa. "Libéralisation financière, efficacité du système financier et performance macroéconomique : enseignements pour l'Egypte, la Jordanie et le Liban." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/beded111-20f0-4078-a948-fd3fea6a10f6/blobholder:0/2007LIMO1010.pdf.
The objective ot this thesis aims to study through the case of the three most advanced countries in the processus of financial libéralization in the Middle East (Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon) the relation between financial development and economic devlopment, Precisely,it aims to determine which financial system is the most efficient in the development of the economiy in these developping countries (the financial system based on banks or that based on markets)? Our method consist to adopt a quantitative analysis of the indicators of financial development to measure the impact of financial liberalization and to apprehend the place occupied by each component of of the financial system, We have adopted an econometric model (cross country regression) and we have used OLS method in order to test the effects of financial development on economic growth and to verify which financial system has more influences on the economic growth rate of the long period,. The influences from financial variables are estimated separately in five different regressions
Cavarretta, Fabrice. "Composition de l’équipe et variabilité de la performance." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090068.
This dissertation explores the effects of team diversity on performance variability and its organizational consequences. First, I show that organizational theory has mostly assumed variability to be detrimental to organizations, and that it is not a common dependent variable. However, effects on performance variability matter: with increasing performance variability, extreme performance becomes more likely, and—at some point—such extremes are entirely determined by variability, making predictions based on mean effect only to be flawed. I review the consequences of this logic on various organizational theories. Second, I hypothesize that team diversity has a U-shaped effect on performance variability, with both very diverse and very homogeneous teams exhibiting high performance variability, and teams of middle-range diversity limited performance variability. The reanalysis of the performance of 35 teams engaged in a business simulation confirms those effects on performance variability measured at the team population level. It illustrates how effects on variability better predicts extreme outcomes—here finishing in the top 10% of the population—and how team diversity can have such an effect. Third, I explore team performance variability at unit level, distinguishing along-time from across-tasks variability for each team. I hypothesize that diversity increases the former and decreases the latter. A longitudinal dataset of 200 student teams performing actual group-work confirms such contradictory effects. This study identifies the two hazards—social and informational—underlying the diversity-performance relationship. This dissertation contributes to team composition literature by clarifying the various effects of diversity on performance variability. For practitioners, it identifies the low risk of mid-level diversity, from higher risk at the highest and the lowest levels of diversity, driven by organizational hazards
Fiol, Michel. "La convergence des buts dans l'entreprise." Paris 9, 1991. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1991PA090020.
The purpose of this work is to propose, illustrate and justify a paradigm which explains goal congruence in an organization. This paradigm is based on the opposition and the complementarity of two dimensions of goal congruence: individual results congruence and "communial" values congruence. The central hypothesis is that it is not possible for an organization to enjoy long-lasting economic sucess without maintaining a balanced development of these two dimensions of congruence. Four historical models of goal congruence are identified in management literature. Their analysis in the light of the paradigm brings coherence to this diverses body of literature. Further, four case analyses of large organizations demonstrate that these models are still usefull in understanding goal congruence processes in companies today. A dynamic analysis of goal congruence is illustrated by a longitudinal study based on the analysis of four medium-sized organization over a ten years period. The paradigm is thus confirmed through eight case studies
Moncef, Btissam. "Etude de l'impact des pratiques Supply Chain Management sur la performance financière et non financière des entreprises." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24014.
The aim of this thesis is to assess the Supply Chain Management Practices impact (PSCM) on business performance. The focus is to study two types of performance: financial performance, which integrates short and long term indicators and shareholder value, and non-financial performance, that covers various aspects including delivery, responsiveness and service. We have developed a conceptual model based on a relational approach and various other approaches for evaluating performance in a supply chain context. This model is tested with 91 purchasing and supply managers and directors of manufacturing companies in France. Data collected are processed through a factorial analysis followed by a regression analysis. The results shows that long-term strategic partnership and customer relationship management has a direct positive impact on financial performance and shareholder value, and, that two practices coupled with and information management reduce delivery times improve responsiveness and increase the level of service. Finally, our results also demonstrate the mediating role of non-financial performance in PSCM on a financial performance relationship
Cornu-Demont, Nathalie. "Pour des politiques et des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines conciliant performance sociale et performance économique : cas d'expérimentations." Lyon 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO22002.
This thesis offers a guide in analyzing human resource management in enterprises with eight thems : administration management, human cost management, human strategic management, training, information and communication, social management and conditions of work, internal and external social relations. Used in analysing experimental socio-economic diagnostics, it shows that human resource action is shared by all actors in enterpeises (shared function). Human resources management is defined as the action which aims to obtain human resource adequation for actual and future needs, by integrating economic and development goals and increasing the social performance of human resources. The activities of human management are sized in a global model which gives a representation of any entities (operational or functional) based on the interaction beween structures-behaviors-skills. This thesis presents the contribution of socio-economic analysis on the adequation of training and employment, recruitment, reasons for persons leaving their jobs and the consequent loss of competence, and training. The "profil d'emploi" proposed in this thesis identifies the areas of vulnerability in terms of skills and promotes a real management of competencies. Motivation is exposed through socio-economic performance development. Three levels of action on motivation are identified : wages, leadership and socio-economic projets
Essid, Moez. "Les mécanismes de contrôle de la performance globale : le cas des indicateurs non financiers de la RSE." Paris 11, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473794.
Delort, Pierre. "Information contre institution : workflow, lean management et gouvernance de la firme." Paris, ENMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0754.
The emerging technology of the workflow puts in a concrete frame the evolution of information technology (IT) from data processing to activity formalization. A workflow integrates the functions of operation assistance, resource allocation and management of man-machine networks. The implementation of this technology is relevant in two areas. The first is production systems, whose mains stages of evolution (from the idea of industry to the Toyota system), makes up a scale of analysis of the workflow projects. The second is the place of IT in the value chain, as the automation in manufacturing industries showed its limits and pitfalls : technological fetishism and coordination systems based on an a priori control, considered desirable in itself. The imagine project of GPA assurances, an insurance company, clearly shows how a workflow may lead clerks and underwriters of a back-office to perform short and streamlined processes, standard operations, in multi-skilled teamwork, which are the main features of the lean management (Toyota production system), and at the core of its double mastery : productivity and versatility. This leads us to propose an efficient model of workflow implementation, confirmed by both the institutional and social environment, which may constitute its condition of success. This result prompts us to inquire beyond the institutional horizon and its inertiae, focusing on the core concepts of the firm. The economic theories of organizations, and especially transaction cost economics, show the workflow as holding a large potential of a firm transformation : its governance inflection and thus its hybridization. Such hybridization qualifies itself in using the concept of power and leads to a promotion of networks, the weakening of innovation and, maybe, the return of the actors to a rationality dropped during the evolution of the production systems : task-orientated time
Tahar, Caroline. "La gestion des temps et des délais dans les services publics municipaux." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b6d38f53-745d-4c91-a47b-89f5df506952.
The subject of this thesis is a key issue for all service activities: time management. More precisely, it addresses the following question: how can operational time management increase public performance? This research is divided into two parts: intervention-research carried out in the services of a French mid-sized town and a comparative study of the time management practices of five innovating French municipalities. The intervention-research shows that time is an element of user satisfaction. The second part of the research makes us understand how municipal services can jointly match users' time expectations and manage their own time constraints. This doctoral work demonstrates that operational time management can increase public performance by focusing on user value. It proposes an analytical framework and management control systems designed to manage time performance
Safourcade, Sandra. "Rôle du sentiment d'efficacité personnelle dans l'organisation des pratiques enseignantes : le cas des professeurs de collège." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20099.
The work exposed in this thesis deals with the junior high school teachers' self efficacy and studies the part of this cognitive process in teachings practices. Aiming at a heuristic study of teachings practices and according to the socio-cognitive approach developed by Bandura, this work seeks to define first the professional dimensions of teaching activity in Junior High school considered as crucial by the teachers themselves in leading of the teaching/learning situations. From this basis, a translation of the valued dimensions in observable acts is reported. This translation is used in order to study then the role of the personal effectiveness feeling as a process for selection and decision of the choice of valorisation of dimensions and in performing of acts. Research protocol is based on the use of Likert-like scales of measurement, video-recorded observations and semi-directive interviews. This research deeply focuses on epistemological and methodological aspects of the measurement process in human sciences. This work tends to assess the hypothesis of an influence of self efficacy in the building of teaching practice. Good coherence between valued dimensions and personal effectiveness as perceived by the teachers themselves is reported. However this work brings also clarification on important differences related to this link, in the scope of effective practices. Overall the Junior high school teachers observed for this work have a consistency kernel between declared practices and effective practices, centred on management of contents, on educational activity, on relationship with the students and on rules management
Berchi, Célia. "Approches économiques de l'organisation du dépistage du cancer colorectal en France." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN0618.
Pompeigne, Jérôme. "L'organisation de la production automobile dans un contexte international : une approche par les fonctions frontières de coût." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOE003.
Mazandarani, Bahareh. "Modèle d'excellence de l'organisation virtuelle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12024/document.
Purpose – Virtual Organization would be any organization with non-co-located organizational entities and resources, using virtual space for interactions between staff to achieve organizational objectives. The purpose of this thesis is to develop an Excellence model for Virtual Organizations. We chose “European foundation for productivity management model (EFQM)” as the latest expression of TQM which is the dominant approach of Excellence. To create a complete model we first designed a conceptual model in the same culture of EFQM. In the second step we determined factors, their weights and sub-criteria. We developed the Virtual Organization Excellence model as a roadmap for Virtual Organizations to move toward excellence and also being an aid for contractors in measuring and improving their business performance. This model also could be a tool for assessor to analyze this new generation of organizations. Last step was determining the fundamental values and RADAR measuring framework. Design/methodology – This study adopted a pluralist approach including, Extensive literature review, Field experiment, in depth interviews and Survey questionnaire to develop the Virtual Organization excellence model. Findings – The criteria and sub-criteria of the Virtual Organization excellence model were confirmed using empirical data, and the fundamental values and criterion weights were suggested. Value of study – As VOs are the future of firms, main benefit of the Virtual Organization excellence model (VOEM) is that it provides a productivity roadmap for a Virtual firms that developed and evaluated by Virtual Organization experts
Allard, Frédérique. "La dynamique de l'intégration organisationnelle : approche constructiviste et étude de cas." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10015.
How is organisational integration produced? What are the forces which may affect its processes of production? This is the central question of this research. Based on effective coordination, it deals with solving the concrete problems of interdependence or coherence faced by actors. It thus explores the structuration of the common referential - the key condition of collective activity - but it also explores manifestations of differentiation which hinder the concretisation of coordination. The examination of Lawrence and Lorsch's original model results from a double reintegration: that of the constructed nature of social reality to understand its implications on those phenomena studied; that of the reciprocal influences between those processes analysed and their context to understand the effects on their development, their contents or their result. The objective is to grasp the meaning and the impact of organisational integration in the context of the decompartmentalised firm. The case study carried out to this end highlights the usefulness of this approach in describing and interpreting concrete situations of coordination. It particularly emphasises the effects of structuring the common referential on the learning processes and the development of competencies deployed in these situations. At the same time, it underscores the recurrent need to consolidate the integrative dynamic. The scheme of action capable of responding to this need results from the explicitation of these learning effects of coordination. This means of activating organisational integration targets the redundancy of functions. It constitutes the practical synthesis of the lessons of the case study
Chaze, Ludivine. "Performance des relations inter-organisationnelles : impact du co-alignement entre structure, systèmes d’information et confiance dans un contexte industriel." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENG017.
The inter-organizational relations are often presented as one of the main factors for creating value for businesses. We are interested in this thesis, to improve the performance of RIO by co-alignment of the SSC triptych factors: Structure of RIO, Inter-organizational Information Systems and Trust. Indeed, it appears that the performance of RIO is particularly enhanced when companies succeed in finding the right mix of these factors
Gérard, Benoît. "La sociabilité et la participation : deux impératifs de la cohésion et de la cohérence dans les groupes organisés." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090044.
Why are successful some organizations while others fail°? Why do some organizations work properly while others cope with difficulties°? This can be explained by the organizations’ ability to adapt their strategy and structure to their environment. However, the success of organizations also depends on their ability to coordinate the collective action. At this level, in addition to the functional realities, psychosocial realities also influence the organizations’ functioning. With the help of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, our work aims at understanding the psychosocial factors which influence the functioning of organized groups. If our conclusions highlight the impact of cohesion on the coherence of organized groups, our research above all puts the emphasis on the essential role of sociability and participation on cohesion and coherence of organized groups
Eynaud, Philippe. "L' alignement stratégique des systèmes d'information coopératifs associatifs : le cas des stratégies Internet de deux grandes associations." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010079.
Lacroix, Jean-Pierre. "La relation d'emploi : du partage des risques à celui des rétributions." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENG008.
The balance between remuneration and contribution represents an essential factor in the companies' success. Confronted with the management of environmental, economic and social sensitive risks, these companies involve changes in the employment relationship and in the working exchange. The advent of au uncertainty society leads to the fact that the salaried class evolve under the economic pressure, the necessity to create values for the shareholder, the customers' pressure. The balance of the contract based on the offer of security in exchange of the worker’s loyalty and fidelity came to an end. Re-discussing the terms of the social contract - that is to say, creating commitment through negotiation of risks sharing details - is becoming a requirement. Thus, the necessity of taking into account the employees expectations makes up one of the main levers used to have the exchange developed. So, the paradigm of management in the 2lst century needs to set up an organization of employees' personalized and individualized work. Therefore, the association of employees' organizational risks in compensation of payment becomes a main stake for the firm. Beyond the risks and payment elements analysis, the thesis brings a critical look to the association of employees' organizational risks in return of payment, in a way that it tends to establish an example of management and regulation of employment relationship and shows the evolution of companies practical experiences in term of organizational risks and payment concept transfer, and the necessity to associate and socialize the companies risks
Dubrocard, Anne. "Efficacite technique et organisationnelle de la production de services portuaires : le cas de la production bord a quai d'un terminal a conteneurs." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0043.
We study here a specific industrial organisation where the coordination constraints are important : a port system is characterized by the presence of congestion effects, the dependance of the short-run production on long term decisions and the variety of organisationnal structures which seem to be compatible with that technical constraints. The endogeneous quality is determined by a stochastic demand and the capacity fixed by the long term decisions. The non adequacy between instantaneous supply and demand generates congestion effects. Nevertheless, these general conditions allow for a wide variety of organisation structures accross european countries. This evidence provides a solid foundation on which to pursue further research into the efficiency of port systems in two ways : technical and organisational efficiency. Some tools measuring technical efficiency are proposed and a functional representation of the production of the docks are estimated. The results are useful for management purposes and provide some suggestions for the organisational approach. A more normative method to compare the efficiency is used. We show that a technical efficiency process doesn't generate the same result when organisations are different, according to the demand hypothesis used
Bulot, Suzy. "Optimisation de la respiration du nitrate à travers l'organisation de ses acteurs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0091.
Respiration is a fundamental process that must be optimized in response to metabolic demand and environmental changes. It has recently been demonstrated that dynamic subcellular localization of the respiratory complex nitrate reductase in E. coli is an efficient mean to control the electron flux during nitrate respiration, known to be crucial for gut colonization by enterobacteria when inflammation occurs.During my PhD, I focused on two key questions: (i) What are the molecular factors involved in the localization mechanism of nitrate reductase? (ii) How to account for the increase of the electron flux in the respiratory chain when the complex is localized at the cell poles? First, I designed a genetic screen aiming at identifying the underlying factor(s) involved in the spatial organization of nitrate reductase. Concomitantly, I implemented an immunoprecipitation approach to identify protein interacting with nitrate reductase when localized at the poles. Using this approach and fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrated the clustering of formate dehydrogenase FdnGHI and nitrate reductase at the poles under nitrate respiring condition. These data provide a mechanistic explanation on the importance of subcellular organization towards nitrate respiration efficiency. In this specific interactome of nitrate respiring condition, we also identified factors involved in NO homeostasis, a toxic compound resulting from the maximization of nitrate respiration. Hence, the clustering of actors involved in electron transfer and NO homeostasis seems to be the key to maintain the balance between maximizing electron flux and the resulting toxicity